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Journal articles on the topic 'Live bird market'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Chinyere, C. N., E. C. Okwor, C. A. Meseko, W. S. Ezema, N. D. Choji, D. I. Amos, L. K. Sulaiman, I. Shittu, and C. Nwosuh. "Sero-Detection of Avian Influenza A/H7 in Nigerian Live-Bird Markets in Plateau State." Nigerian Veterinary Journal 41, no. 2 (April 16, 2021): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v41i2.7.

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Avian influenza has been reported in domestic birds in Nigeria since 2006 and subtype H5 of the Gs/Gg lineage has continued to be detected up till date. It has been suggested that waterfowls and local birds sold in live-bird markets may be natural reservoir and source of reinfection of different subtype of avian influenza in poultry farms. This study aims at serodetection of avian influenza virus in waterfowls and local birds at live-bird markets in Plateau State, Nigeria. A total of three hundred and nine (309) blood samples were collected over a period of three months and two hundred and ninety-two (292) sera were analysed by c-ELISA for influenza A nucleoprotein using standard protocols. Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) specific for subtypes H5, H9, and H7 was also carried out using standard protocols on ELISA positive samples. The results showed seroprevalence of 5.14% (n=15) for influenza A. Serotype H7 was thereafter detected by HI in 5 of the 15 influenza A positive samples. The H7 positive sera also reacted with H7N3, H7N4, H7N1 and H7N7 virus strains with HI titre ranging between 1:32 to 1:512. This investigation for the first time showed serological evidence of influenza A subtype H7 in local birds and waterfowls sold at the live bird market in Nigeria. Further virological surveillance to isolate the virus is important in order to better understand influenza virus epidemiology in Nigeria and the potential risk that other subtypesof influenza poses to poultry production and public health. Keywords: Influenza A, subtype H7, serological detection, live bird market, Nigeria.

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Abiayi, D. C., G. R. Otolorin, A. A. Dzikwi-Emennaa, and C. A. Meseko. "Serological evidence of influenza A/H9 in indigenous birds and level of awareness at live bird markets, Plateau State." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 19, no. 4 (January 12, 2022): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v19i4.4.

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Avian influenza is a zoonotic disease that can adversely affect humans and animals. Nigeria first reported an outbreak of avian influenza which was caused by subtype H5N1 in 2006, thereafter virological and serological surveys revealed the importance of local birds in live bird markets and the community at large in the epidemiology of avian influenza in the country. In the present study, 276 serum samples were collected for serological testing over five months from apparently healthy local birds in live bird markets within two Local Government Areas of Plateau State, to determine antibody prevalence to avian influenza A virus. The detection of influenza A antibody was carried out using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and further tested by haemagglutination inhibition to determine the specific serotype of the influenza A virus. The result showed a prevalence of 30.4% (n=84) of antibody to influenza A, 26% (n=72) of serotype H9, 1.4% (n=4) of serotype H7, and none was confirmed to be H5 serotype. Comparatively, Jos-North had a lower relative risk with a prevalence of 18.9% (n=18) to the disease as compared to Jos-South with a prevalence of 36.5% (n=66). This study showed the presence of low pathogenic avian influenza A virus in live bird markets within the study area with the dominance of antibodies to H9. To our knowledge, this is the first serological indication of serotype H9 in Plateau State and Nigeria. Evidence of influenza A/H9 in an ecological niche known for the circulation of subtypes H5Nx may complicate the epidemiology and control of avian influenza in the region and Nigeria at large. The level of awareness by the live bird market operators about avian influenza (AI) was relatively low as indicated by the questionnaire survey conducted. Live bird market operators and poultry farmers need to maintain a high level of biosecurity and limit mixing local birds with commercial poultry to prevent the transmission of the virus which may have adverse effects on poultry production, national and international trade, the economy and public health.

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Mohammed, Kadhim S., and Yousif M. S. Al-Barzinji. "GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION OF BODY WEIGHT TRAITS IN ROCKY PARTRIDGE CHICKS." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 53, no. 6 (December 29, 2022): 1289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i6.1643.

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The study was conducted on 118 partridges (Alectoris graeca) chicks in order to find the effect of non-genetic factors and genetic evaluation of live weight and carcass of this bird. The results showed a highly significant superiority of the weights of males over females in most age stages (437.71 ± 4.40 vs 375.90 ± 3.66 g/ bird at marketing age) and daily weight gain (ADG) from one day to marketing age (4.70 ± 0.06 vs 4.01 ± 0.04 g/ day/bird). The breeding values (BLUP) of birds for marketing weight ranged from -135.4 g/bird to 56 g/bird. Significant differences were recorded between groups of birds with high and low BLUP values in the average live weight at market (464.21 ± 11.03 vs 352.80 ± 6.47 g/bird) and carcass weight (349.48 ± 7.46 vs 265.91 ± 6.08 g/bird). Males also outperformed females significantly in live weight at marketing and carcass weight. The results also showed a positive and significant correlation between the daily weight gain rate and weights at different ages except for the age on the one day, which were negative and not significant. Also, high correlations were recorded between live body weight at marketing and carcass weight, but the correlation between live weight and dressing ratio was not significant. The wide variation in BLUP values and the presence of high differences between birds with high and low BLUP values indicates the possibility of developing and increasing the weight of these birds through selection and breeding process.

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Irin, Nusrat, Syeda Dilshad, Abdullah Sattar, Nurun Chisty, Afsana Sultana, Mahmudul Hasan, Rashed Mahmud, Syed Abbas, Guillaume Fournie, and Md Hoque. "Live bird market in Bangladesh: Regulatory systems and operations." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 8, no. 4 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/javar.2021.h559.

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Jepson, Paul, Richard J. Ladle, and Sujatnika. "Assessing market-based conservation governance approaches: a socio-economic profile of Indonesian markets for wild birds." Oryx 45, no. 4 (October 2011): 482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531100038x.

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AbstractOne of the most difficult situations for conservation is where state capacity to regulate is weak, major corporate organizations are absent, and the population does not have a strong culture of wildlife conservation. All these apply to the hugely popular urban Indonesian pastime of keeping wild songbirds, thought to be responsible for rolling local extinctions of several native species. In such situations the introduction of a voluntary, market-based approach could interact with regulation to create new and more effective approaches to reducing the negative conservation impacts of the associated trade. Here we assess the potential of such an approach through an in-depth analysis of the socio-economic and cultural aspects of bird keeping. We project that overall the pastime contributes USD 78.8 million to the economies of the six cities surveyed, supporting a range of associated small-scale rural and urban livelihoods relating to the production of cages and collection of live bird food. Finally, we describe five general bird-breeding models with the capacity to scale up the production of captive-bred birds that may substitute for wild-caught conspecifics. Based on this information we argue that a market-based policy instrument that is capable of shifting bird-keeping trends from wild-caught birds to captive-bred alternatives would align easily with macro-policy agendas in Indonesia relating to pro-poor growth and the creation of more and better jobs. Such a policy instrument could provide exciting opportunities for conservationists to engage the interest and support of non-conservation sectors in Indonesia in efforts to conserve diminishing populations of wild birds.

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Mullaney, R. "Live-Bird Market Closure Activities in the Northeastern United States." Avian Diseases 47, s3 (September 2003): 1096–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1096.

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Pinsent, Amy, Kim M. Pepin, Huachen Zhu, Yi Guan, Michael T. White, and Steven Riley. "The persistence of multiple strains of avian influenza in live bird markets." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1868 (December 6, 2017): 20170715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0715.

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Multiple subtypes of avian influenza (AI) and novel reassortants are frequently isolated from live bird markets (LBMs). However, our understanding of the drivers of persistence of multiple AI subtypes is limited. We propose a stochastic model of AI transmission within an LBM that incorporates market size, turnover rate and the balance of direct versus environmental transmissibility. We investigate the relationship between these factors and the critical community size (CCS) for the persistence of single and multiple AI strains within an LBM. We fit different models of seeding from farms to two-strain surveillance data collected from Shantou, China. For a single strain and plausible estimates for continuous turnover rates and transmissibility, the CCS was approximately 11 800 birds, only a 4.2% increase in this estimate was needed to ensure persistence of the co-infecting strains (two strains in a single host). Precise values of CCS estimates were sensitive to changes in market turnover rate and duration of the latent period. Assuming a gradual daily sell rate of birds the estimated CCS was higher than when an instantaneous selling rate was assumed. We were able to reproduce prevalence dynamics similar to observations from a single market in China with infection seeded every 5–15 days, and a maximum non-seeding duration of 80 days. Our findings suggest that persistence of co-infections is more likely to be owing to sequential infection of single strains rather than ongoing transmission of both strains concurrently. In any given system for a fixed set of ecological and epidemiological conditions, there is an LBM size below which the risk of sustained co-circulation is low and which may suggest a clear policy opportunity to reduce the frequency of influenza co-infection in poultry.

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Wungak, Y. S., A. Alhassan, D. B. Judith, I. Bitrus, I. B. Shallangwa, and H. G. Ularamu. "Detection of Newcastle Disease antibodies amongst local chicken slaughtered in live bird markets in Kaduna, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 30, no. 1 (August 24, 2022): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njbas.v30i1.1.

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Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) constitutes a major constraint to the poultry production system in Nigeria. This study was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of NDV antibodies in local chickens (Gallus domesticus) slaughtered in five different live bird markets (LBMs) in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. Three hundred blood samples were collected and screened for antibodies against NDV using Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI). An overall seroprevalence rate of 23% (95%:CI18.5-28.0) was recorded in this study. Seroprevalence based on different LBMs revealed a higher prevalence of 28.3% (95% : Cl 18.0-40.7) in Sabo market, followed by Sokoto road market 26.7% (Cl:16.7-38.9), Kawo market 18.3% (95% Cl: 10.0-29.6), Railway market 13.3% (Cl:6.4-23.5), and the lowest prevalence was recorded in central market 11.7% (Cl:5.2-21.7). The difference in seroprevalence among the LBMs was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Higher seroprevalence of NDV antibodies in female birds 30.5 % (Cl: 24.1-37.6) was recorded compared to male 13.9% (Cl: 8.3-21.4). The study indicated that NDV is endemic in the population. LBMs location had no significant influence on the seroprevalence of NDV in the study area. The difference in seroprevalence between sexes was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Therefore, this study demonstrated the need for a regular strategic vaccination programme against NDV in local chickens in Kaduna metropolis.

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Rahman, Sanzida, Afroja Yasmin, Tahmina Ruba, and Mohammad AHNA Khan. "Broilers of live bird markets at Mymensingh city carrying H9N2 Avian influenza virus in their respiratory tract." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 5, no. 2 (September 9, 2018): 225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v5i2.38112.

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Avian influenza (AI) caused by Type A influenza virus is a global zoonosis, infecting vast majority of mammalian and avian species. Broilers are meat type birds and randomly reared and sold by the farmers in Bangladesh with poor biosecurity. This study was aimed to identify the Type and subtypes of AI viruses in the broilers of two live bird markets, Mymensingh. A total of 10 birds from each of the market were randomly selected, investigated by clinical, pathological, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), sequencing and sequence analysis. Out of 20 birds investigated, 06 were sick, 02 were dead and 12 were apparently healthy. Clinically, the sick/dead birds did not reveal any changes typical to AI. During necropsy, the sick/dead birds showed congested lungs and moderate hemorrhages in the trachea. Such lesions was absent in the lungs of apparently healthy birds. Following histopathological examination interstitial pneumonia with bronchitis was seen in sick/dead birds. The RT-PCR protocol was adapted to identify matrix protein gene of Type A influenza virus and amplified 430bp fragment is even cases. To identify the sub types of AI viruses involved, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene specific RT-PCR was carried out. 1475bp and 1089bp amplicons specific to HA and NA genes of AI viruses were generated in 07 cases. The cDNAs of HA and NA genes were sequenced, edited and revealed that the AI virus circulated in the live bird market of Mymensingh city is H9N2 subtype. Two sick, one dead and four apparently healthy birds found to carry H9N2 AI virus. The H9N2 virus is naturally low pathogenic for poultry, has got public health significance, and may donate partial or even whole cassette of internal genes to generate novel human-lethal reassortants of AI viruses; this was main concern for AI viral outbreak investigation in this study. It needs to examine large number of samples from wider sources to trace the rate of mutation and subsequent reemergence of pandemic AI viruses.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 225-233, August 2018

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NÓBREGA ALVES, RÔMULO ROMEU, JOSÉ RIBAMAR DE FARIAS LIMA, and HELDER FARIAS P. ARAUJO. "The live bird trade in Brazil and its conservation implications: an overview." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 1 (July 16, 2012): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927091200010x.

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SummaryBrazil’s rich biological and cultural diversity makes it an exceptional location for examining the commerce in live wild birds and its implications for conservation. This paper catalogues the live bird species being traded in Brazil, characterises the trade in these animals, and discusses the implications for avian conservation. In spite of being illegal, capturing and selling birds is still a very common practice in Brazil and involves many actors who make up part of a large commercial network that distributes wild animals to every corner of the country. Our survey revealed that at least 295 bird species are illegally sold as pets in Brazil, with estimates derived from this data pointing to a total of more than 400 species - about 23% of the number of extant bird species in the country. Of the bird species recorded, two were classified as “Critically Endangered”, nine as “Endangered”, six as “Vulnerable”, and 19 as “Near Threatened” according to the most recent IUCN Red List. Most of the species recorded in this study as being widely bought and sold (including on the international market) are not listed by CITES even though many of them are in fact threatened. In light of the widespread illegal trade in wild birds in Brazil and the conservation implications for the species involved, there is an urgent need for actions that can control these activities. Steps should be taken to address the illegal traffic directly and these must include monitoring, law enforcement, effective sentencing (including deterrent sentences), targeting end-users, captive breeding, and education at all levels, taking into account the cultural, economic, social, and ecological aspects of the human populations involved.

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Fournié, G., F. J. Guitian, P. Mangtani, and A. C. Ghani. "Impact of the implementation of rest days in live bird markets on the dynamics of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 8, no. 61 (December 3, 2010): 1079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0510.

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Live bird markets (LBMs) act as a network ‘hub’ and potential reservoir of infection for domestic poultry. They may therefore be responsible for sustaining H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus circulation within the poultry sector, and thus a suitable target for implementing control strategies. We developed a stochastic transmission model to understand how market functioning impacts on the transmission dynamics. We then investigated the potential for rest days—periods during which markets are emptied and disinfected—to modulate the dynamics of H5N1 HPAI within the poultry sector using a stochastic meta-population model. Our results suggest that under plausible parameter scenarios, HPAI H5N1 could be sustained silently within LBMs with the time spent by poultry in markets and the frequency of introduction of new susceptible birds' dominant factors determining sustained silent spread. Compared with interventions applied in farms (i.e. stamping out, vaccination), our model shows that frequent rest days are an effective means to reduce HPAI transmission. Furthermore, our model predicts that full market closure would be only slightly more effective than rest days to reduce transmission. Strategies applied within markets could thus help to control transmission of the disease.

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Das, Shubash Chandra, Md Yahya, Md Shamim Hasan, Md Altaf Hossain, Tanzina Akter, and Mahbuba Sultana. "Growth performance of white, black and bronze color heritage turkeys under semi-intensive system." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 3 (December 28, 2018): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i3.39419.

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The present study was conducted to compare the growth performance of White, Black and Bronze color type of turkeys, which have been currently introduced in Bangladesh. The birds were reared under semi-intensive system at BAU Poultry Farm with supplementation of commercial broiler grower and layer feeds. Key objectives were to investigate the growth performance of locally found turkeys (known as heritage turkeys) under semi-intensive rearing system and to recommend turkey as a supplementary part of existing poultry business in the country. A total of 46 poults of White, Black and Bronze color type unsexed birds of 5 weeks age were housed. Birds were reared under similar management conditions and feeds were purchased from local market. No significant difference (p>0.05) in live weight for three color types were found. At the end of 21 weeks rearing, Bronze type turkeys attained highest live body weight (3720.71g/bird) while White type turkeys attained lowest (3282.29g/bird). The Black type turkeys however, attained 3552.86g/bird body weight. The live weight gain was increased gradually but decreased again after 18 weeks of age. Weekly weight gains were highest in all color types at 18 weeks of age where white type male turkey attained the highest (440.71g/bird) and black type showed the lowest weight gain (345.00g/bird). No significant difference (p>0.05) in FCR among the three color types were found. Survivability under semi intensive system of three different color types, White, Black and Bronze were 100%, 88.46% and 91.67% respectively. Taken together, the growth performance of Bronze type turkey was superior to other color types used in this experiment. Therefore, it can be concluded that turkey farming will viable in Bangladesh with available local varieties under semi-intensive system through feeding of commercial broiler and layer feeds. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(3): 471–477, December 2018

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Pepin, Kim M., Jia Wang, Colleen T. Webb, Gavin J. D. Smith, Mary Poss, Peter J. Hudson, Wenshan Hong, Huachen Zhu, Steven Riley, and Yi Guan. "Multiannual patterns of influenza A transmission in Chinese live bird market systems." Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7, no. 1 (March 27, 2012): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00354.x.

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PHAN, M. Q., W. HENRY, C. B. BUI, D. H. DO, N. V. HOANG, N. T. THU, T. T. NGUYEN, et al. "Detection of HPAI H5N1 viruses in ducks sampled from live bird markets in Vietnam." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 601–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268812001112.

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SUMMARYIn Vietnam, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 infections in poultry often occur without concomitant clinical signs and outbreaks are not consistently reported. Live bird markets represent a convenient site for surveillance that does not rely on farmers' notifications. Two H5N1 surveys were conducted at live bird markets/slaughter points in 39 districts (five provinces) in the Red River, Mekong delta, and central Vietnam during January and May 2011. Oropharyngeal and rectal swab samples from 12 480 ducks were tested for H5N1 by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction in pools of five. Traders and stallholders were interviewed using standardized questionnaires; 3·3% of pools tested positive. The highest prevalence (6·6%) corresponded to the Mekong delta, and no H5N1 was detected in the two Red River provinces. The surveys identified key risk behaviours of traders and stallholders. It is recommended that market surveys are implemented over time as a tool to evaluate progress in HPAI control in Vietnam.

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Atim, Gladys, Titus Tugume, Qouilazoni A. Ukuli, Bernard Erima, Andrew Mubiru, Hannah Kibuuka, Edison Mworozi, et al. "Genetic Evolution of Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Viruses Isolated from Domestic Poultry in Uganda Reveals Evidence of Mammalian Host Adaptation, Increased Virulence and Reduced Sensitivity to Baloxavir." Viruses 14, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14092074.

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A (H9N2) avian influenza A viruses were first detected in Uganda in 2017 and have since established themselves in live bird markets. The aim of this study was to establish the subsequent genetic evolution of H9N2 viruses in Uganda. Cloacal samples collected from live bird market stalls in Kampala from 2017 to 2019 were screened by RT-PCR for influenza A virus and H9N2 viruses were isolated in embryonated eggs. One hundred and fifty H9N2 isolates were subjected to whole genome sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The sequence data analysis and comparison with contemporary isolates revealed that the virus was first introduced into Uganda in 2014 from ancestors in the Middle East. There has since been an increase in nucleotide substitutions and reassortments among the viruses within and between live bird markets, leading to variations in phylogeny of the different segments, although overall diversity remained low. The isolates had several mutations such as HA-Q226L and NS-I106M that enable mammalian host adaptation, NP-M105V, PB1-D3V, and M1-T215A known for increased virulence/pathogenicity and replication, and PA-E199D, NS-P42S, and M2-S31N that promote drug resistance. The PA-E199D substitution in particular confers resistance to the endonuclease inhibitor Baloxavir acid, which is one of the new anti-influenza drugs. Higher EC50 was observed in isolates with a double F105L+E199D substitution that may suggest a possible synergistic effect. These H9N2 viruses have established an endemic situation in live bird markets in Uganda because of poor biosecurity practices and therefore pose a zoonotic threat. Regular surveillance is necessary to further generate the needed evidence for effective control strategies and to minimize the threats.

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Fournie, G., J. Guitian, S. Desvaux, V. C. Cuong, D. H. Dung, D. U. Pfeiffer, P. Mangtani, and A. C. Ghani. "Interventions for avian influenza A (H5N1) risk management in live bird market networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110, no. 22 (May 6, 2013): 9177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1220815110.

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Majidzadeh-A, K., M. Soleimanidor, A. Morovvati, V. Karimi, and A. Ghalyanchi-Langeroudi. "Molecular Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Live Bird Market of Qom City in Iran." Iranian Journal of Virology 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21859/isv.6.4.33.

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Carpenter, Tim E., and Carol Cardona. "Assessing Alternative Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance Strategies in a Live Bird Market." Avian Diseases 56, no. 4s1 (December 2012): 880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/10205-041512-reg.1.

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Yee, Karen S., Tim E. Carpenter, Sarah Mize, and Carol J. Cardona. "The Live Bird Market System and Low-Pathogenic Avian Influenza Prevention in Southern California." Avian Diseases 52, no. 2 (June 2008): 348–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/8138-101207-reg.1.

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Yee, Karen S., Tim E. Carpenter, Sarah Mize, and Carol J. Cardona. "The Live Bird Market System and Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Prevention In Southern California." Avian Diseases Digest 3, no. 2 (June 2008): e24-e24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/8320-813808-digest.1.

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Wisedchanwet, Trong, Manoosak Wongphatcharachai, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Napawan Bunpapong, Pravina Kitikoon, and Alongkorn Amonsin. "Genetic characterization of avian influenza subtype H4N6 and H4N9 from live bird market, Thailand." Virology Journal 8, no. 1 (2011): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1743-422x-8-131.

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Islam, Kamrul, Md Murshidul Ahsan, Shovon Chakma, Kinley Penjor, Mukti Barua, Mohammad Shah Jalal, Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj, Zakia Tabassum Ani, and Abdul Ahad. "An assessment on potential risk pathways for the incursion of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in backyard poultry farm in Bangladesh." October-2020 13, no. 10 (2020): 2104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2104-2111.

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Background and Aim: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is a deadly virus of zoonotic potential. The study mainly aims to determine the risk pathways (RPs) for the probable incursion of HPAI virus (HPAIV) in backyard poultry in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The study involves expert elicitation technique. The concept map determines the possible RPs. The map consists of 16 concepts, each with nodes from which probabilities of an event originates. These probabilities are described by qualitative descriptors ranging from negligible to high. Risk assessment has been performed using the subjective risk assessment tool. Results: The tool demonstrates positive correlation among groups of experts in the level of agreement by scoring RP; however, the level of agreement varies from 71% to 93% among group of experts. The median risk score of viral incursion through the "Exposure of backyard poultry with farm poultry in the trading market" was 11 and ranked as top, followed by "Contaminated live bird market environment" and "Sharing common scavenging space with migratory birds" (median risk score, 10.5; rank, 2), and "Scavenging of infected slaughtered poultry remnants by backyard poultry" (median risk score, 5.3; rank, 3) when no control options were applied along with the RPs. After applying or considering control option along with contaminated live bird market environment, the median risk score was reduced to 5.0. Applying a specific control option along with each RP reduced estimated median risk scores for HPAIV incursions. Conclusion: This study provides an insight into the incursion risks of HPAIV through various RPs in backyard poultry in Bangladesh.

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Sultana, F., H. Khatun, and A. Islam. "Small scale broiler farming at Santhia upazilla of Pabna District of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (March 10, 2013): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14129.

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The experiment was conducted for profiling the existing broiler farming at Santhia upazilla under Pabna District during the period from February to March, 2012. Data were collected using an interview schedule from 50 randomly selected respondents who were involved in broiler farming. In this study out of 50 respondents 60% were engaged in agriculture, 36% businessman and 4% were in services. About 48% respondents had small size farms (100-500 birds), 40% had medium (501-1000 birds) and remaining were large size (1001-2000 birds). Most of the respondents reared Cobb-500 strain, those were purchased from Kazi Farms Ltd. Out of 50 respondents 30% took necessary suggestions from the experienced farmers, 90% farmers regularly vaccinated their broilers and 70% farmers taken short training on broiler farming. About 78% respondents considered market weight as 1.5 kg per bird, whereas the rest 22% sold broiler weighing about 1.8 kg per bird. Most of the respondents (64%) sold broiler at 30-33 d of age and about 80% respondents marketing their broiler at 110-115 taka per kg live bird. About 36% respondents had production cost approximately 90-95 taka per kg bird. In this study, about 36% respondents reported more marketing age of birds, 32% reported higher cost of production and 30% reported lack of training facilities. In conclusion, the result of present study could be considered useful to farmers and researchers to identify the overall problems and their remedies on management and marketing related to broiler production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14129Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 116-119

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Alkali, Bello, Bello Mashi, Manir Usman, Abdulmalik Shuaibu, and Abdurrahman Jibril. "Sero Prevalence of Newcastle Disease Virus in Guinea Fowl in Live Bird Market Sokoto, Nigeria." International Journal of Livestock Research 8, no. 5 (2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20180102034811.

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Lee, Eun ho, Min-Suk Song, Jin-Young Shin, Young-Min Lee, Chul-Joong Kim, Young Sik Lee, Hyunggee Kim, and Young Ki Choi. "Genetic characterization of avian metapneumovirus subtype C isolated from pheasants in a live bird market." Virus Research 128, no. 1-2 (September 2007): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.029.

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Lin, Thant Nyi, Napawan Bunpapong, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Supassama Chaiyawong, Taveesak Janetanakit, Khin Thu Rain, Pont Pont Mon, Sandi Myint Oo, Aunyaratana Thontiravong, and Alongkorn Amonsin. "Serological evidence of avian influenza virus subtype H5 and H9 in live bird market, Myanmar." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 73 (December 2020): 101562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101562.

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Jairak, Waleemas, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Supassama Chaiyawong, Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Napawan Bunpapong, and Alongkorn Amonsin. "Genetic characterization of influenza A (H7N6) virus isolated from a live-bird market in Thailand." Archives of Virology 161, no. 5 (January 21, 2016): 1315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-016-2759-1.

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Saba, F. D. Parkar, Sachdev Dhara, Nadine, Kamble Aniket, Suresh Gayatri, Hitendra, Hanagal David, Shouche Yogesh, and Kapadnis Balu. "Prevalence, seasonality and antibiotic susceptibility of thermophilic Campylobacters in ceca and carcasses of poultry birds in the live-bird market." African Journal of Microbiology Research 7, no. 21 (May 21, 2013): 2442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2012.2323.

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Herrnstadt, Zachary, Philip H. Howard, Chi-Ok Oh, and Catherine A. Lindell. "Consumer preferences for ‘natural’ agricultural practices: Assessing methods to manage bird pests." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 6 (November 6, 2015): 516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170515000447.

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Abstract‘Natural’ is a popular food marketing term. Although it is not well-defined, it refers primarily to inputs used for food processing, rather than agricultural practices. Given the market success of organic and non-GMO labeled foods, other agricultural practices may have the potential to develop ‘natural’ market niches while also addressing sustainability goals. We assessed perceptions of natural for one specific set of agricultural practices, bird management methods in fruit crops, utilizing a series of four focus groups. In addition, we quantified consumer preferences for these methods with a national online survey (n = 1000). The most positively received methods, falconry and nest boxes, were typically described as more natural. Conversely, the most negatively received methods, live ammunition and methyl anthranilate spray, were frequently viewed as less natural. The majority of survey respondents indicated that controlling fruit-consuming birds with natural practices was important, but an even higher percentage deemed avoiding harms to personal health as important. Because falconry and nest boxes do not have perceived direct effects on human health, they are likely to have less market potential than more established ecolabels. Communicating the use of these practices to consumers, however, may result in consumers selecting them over other products, particularly if the associated price premiums are relatively modest.

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Islam, F., MS Hossain, SC Sarker, and MS Hossain. "Performances of commercial hybrid broiler in villages of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Veterinarian 31, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v31i2.27689.

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A total of 20 broiler farms were enumerated to evaluate the production performance of broiler birds and farm management status at rural villages of Mymensingh Sadar (district headquarters) Upazila under Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Data were collected on day-old chick weight (DOCW), live broiler weight at market age (MW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily body weight gain (ADG), mortality up to age of marketing (MTRT) during June and July, 2014 using a pre-tested questionnaire by door-to-door visit. Seventeen out of 20 farms had broiler houses with gable type roof of corrugated iron sheet (CIS), all farmers were using rice husk as litter materials and electric brooder for brooding birds for 7 days. To minimize heat stress, 65% farmers used electric fan and drinking water, and to minimize cold stress quantities of litter materials were increased and vitamin C was supplied with lukewarm drinking water. Newcastle Disease (ND) and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) vaccines were used by all farmers. Mean ADG, MW, DOCW and MTRT were 45.3 ± 1.2g/bird, 1581.6 ± 46.1g/bird, 54.7 ± 3.0g/bird and 5.2 ± 1.0%, respectively. Feed from two different companies had no significant effect on FCR and MTRT but feed company affected the ADG significantly. DOCW, farm size and farmers education did not affect ADG, FCR and MTRT significantly.Bangl. vet. 2014. Vol. 31, No. 2, 84-90

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Aliyu, M. B., B. V. Maikai, and A. A. Magaji. "Toxoplasma gondii infection and risk factors associated with its spread at live bird markets in Katsina Metropolis, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v18i1.6.

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Toxoplasmosis occurs in most species of warm -blooded animals. This study aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in local chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Katsina metropolis. A total of 460 sera were collected from two live bird markets (LBMs) at slaughter points and samples were analyzed by Indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test kits specific for avian toxoplasmosis. Structured questionnaires were administered to the workers at LBMs to evaluate their attitudes and practices toward Toxoplasma infection. The overall prevalence for T. gondii antibodies was 7.83% (36/460). Gobarau yan kaji had a higher prevalence 9.06% (25) than Central market 5.98% (11). Mean score was 26.42±15.9 and 21.74±9.21 for attitude and practice respectively. There was a significant correlation r=0.717 (p <0.05) between attitude and practice score of the respondents. The level of education and specific duty at the slaughter houses correlated significantly (p <0.05) with attitude and practice mean ranks. There was no association (0.137) between experience on the job and practice score. Attitude and practice ranked as poor, fair and good in this study were 60% (30), 12% (6), 28% (14) and 80% (40), 6% (3), 14% (7) respectively. This result has shown the presence of T. gondii antibodies in local chickens slaughtered for human consumption in Katsina metropolis and this warns on the public health safety problems. There is urgent need for the implementation of public awareness campaign on toxoplasmosis for workers at LBMs in Katsina metropolis. Keywords: Attitude, ELISA, Live Bird Market, Practice, Seroprevalence, Toxoplasmosis

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Yee, Karen S., Christy A. Novick, David A. Halvorson, Nguyet Dao, Tim E. Carpenter, and Carol J. Cardona. "Prevalence of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus During 2005 in Two U.S. Live Bird Market Systems." Avian Diseases Digest 6, no. 2 (June 2011): e11-e12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/9748-942711-digest.1.

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Yee, Karen S., Christy A. Novick, David A. Halvorson, Nguyet Dao, Tim E. Carpenter, and Carol J. Cardona. "Prevalence of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus During 2005 in Two U.S. Live Bird Market Systems." Avian Diseases 55, no. 2 (June 2011): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/9427-061610-reg.1.

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Ni, Luh Putu Indi Dharmayanti, Ratnawati Atik, Ayu Hewajuli Dyah, and Indriani Risa. "Genetic characterization of H5N1 avian influenza viruses isolated from pet bird and chickens from live bird market in Bali and Bekasi (Indonesia), 2011." African Journal of Microbiology Research 8, no. 3 (January 15, 2014): 244–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajmr2013.5609.

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Obianuju, N. O., O. E. Ikenna, U. E. Ukamaka, V. E. Ekene, T. A. Nzeakor, and C. O. E. Maduike. "Prevalence and Some Predisposing Factors Associated with Cryptosporidium Infections in Domestic Poultry in Enugu State, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 42, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v42i1.18.

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Cryptosporidium is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that is of major public health and veterinary concerns. This study determined the prevalence and some predisposing factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in domestic poultry kept in households and in the major live bird markets in the study area. Atotal of 314 fresh faecal samples were collected from domestic poultry in the randomly selected homes that keep poultry and live bird market in the study area. They were examined using the Formol-ether sedimentation method. Faecal smears were then stained by the Ziehl Neelson technique and examined under light microscopy. Cryptosporidium was identified using the staining characteristics of the oocysts. Results were analysed by descriptive statistics and GraphPad prism statistical package version 5.2.Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the faeces of 90 (28.7%) of the 314 poultry sampled. There was a strong association (p < 0.05) between the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and age, sex, breed and faecal consistency. However, there was no significant association (p > 0.05) between the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and locality as well as the type of management practice used in keeping the birds. This study suggests that domestic poultry in Enugu State harbour and shed Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment. The shedding of this oocyst in the environment is of zoonotic importance especially in poultry that do not show clinical signs and therefore were not treated. Hence, constituting a public health risk, especially to immune-compromised humans, considering that almost every household keep chicken for food or income and the poultry dung is popularly used to cultivate vegetables eaten by humans and animals in the study area. Keywords: Cryptosporidium, Poultry, Prevalence, Risk Factor

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Thurain, Khin, Pont Pont Mon, Chanakarn Nasamran, Kamonpan Charoenkul, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Than Naing Tun, Yin Yin San, Aung Myo Aye, and Alongkorn Amonsin. "Surveillance of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 in a live bird market in Yangon, Myanmar: 2017–2018." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 67, no. 6 (May 20, 2020): 2667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13618.

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Naysmith, Scott. "Observations from a Live Bird Market in Indonesia Following a Contained Outbreak of Avian Influenza A (H5N1)." EcoHealth 11, no. 1 (July 10, 2013): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10393-013-0858-y.

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38

Zhao, Guo, Jinjin Pan, Xiaobing Gu, Kunkun Zhao, Hongzhi Chen, Sujuan Chen, Xiaoquan Wang, Daxin Peng, and Xiufan Liu. "Prevalence of Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in One Live Bird Market in Eastern China from 2002–2011." Avian Diseases 57, no. 1 (March 2013): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1637/10293-062812-case.1.

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Jiao, P., L. Cao, R. Yuan, L. Wei, Y. Song, D. Shen, L. Gong, K. Luo, T. Ren, and M. Liao. "Complete Genome Sequence of an H10N8 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Live Bird Market in Southern China." Journal of Virology 86, no. 14 (June 25, 2012): 7716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00959-12.

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Mo, Jongseo, Sungsu Youk, Mary J. Pantin-Jackwood, David L. Suarez, Dong-Hun Lee, Mary Lea Killian, Nichole H. Bergeson, and Erica Spackman. "The pathogenicity and transmission of live bird market H2N2 avian influenza viruses in chickens, Pekin ducks, and guinea fowl." Veterinary Microbiology 260 (September 2021): 109180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109180.

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41

Ijoma, S. I., E. R. Agusi, V. I. Ifende, O. H. Osemeke, and V. T. Columba. "Biosecurity challenges in the control of avian influenza in Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 3 (October 30, 2020): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v18i3.5.

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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has a devastating impact on the economy especially the poultry industry and it jeopardizes food security and public health. The disease which was first reported in Nigeria in 2006, re-occurred in 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019. Inspite of the efforts the federal government has put into eradicating Avian Influenza in the country, the re-occurrence of the disease points to challenges of control efforts by stakeholders. Biosecurity challenges confronting poultry farmers and live bird market operators were implicated in new outbreaks and spread of HPAI. A cross-sectional study was carried out by administering open ended questionnaires to poultry farmers and live bird marketers in 12 States that shared boundaries with States affected by HPAI in 2019. Using the thematic style of qualitative analysis and MS Excel 2016, data and information with common denominators and pattern were collated and grouped. The One Health approach was adopted for this study. This was achieved by evaluating the knowledge of the stakeholders on the spread of Avian Influenza (AI), the biosecurity challenges they faced, their recommended solutions and new preventive or control measures they were willing to implement in order to achieve biosecurity against AI outbreak. The live bird marketers' responses showed their major challenge to be poor commitment to implementing already known biosecurity rules (22%), followed by unavailability of funds (13%) and sanitation problems. The poultry farmers struggled with lack of funds for maintenance (32%), and lack of compliance to biosecurity by farm attendants (24%). Both groups jointly recommended alleviating strategies such as the improvement of stakeholder education, supportive financing and the strengthening of animal health legislations. These new insights would benefit the formulation and implementing effective probiosecurity strategies for the control of avian influenza. Keywords: Avian influenza, biosecurity, one health, poultry farms, Nigeria

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Coker, Temitope, Clement Meseko, Georgina Odaibo, and David Olaleye. "Circulation of the low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N2 virus in ducks at a live bird market in Ibadan, Nigeria." Infectious Diseases of Poverty 3, no. 1 (2014): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2049-9957-3-38.

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Sarker, S. K., S. M. M. R. Sumon, M. A. H. N. A. Khan, and M. T. Islam. "KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES SURVEY ON AVIAN INFLUENZA IN THREE DISTRICTS OF BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 14, no. 1 (July 21, 2016): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v14i1.28819.

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Avian influenza (AI) could have potential public health threat inBangladesh. The present study aimed to acquire the information on knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of the backyard and commercial poultry farmers, farm workers, live bird seller, live bird market workers and transporters, and identify risk factors related to KAP on poultry rearing and other practices pertaining to AI. This survey was conducted in Gazipur, Mymensingh (AI reported districts) and Habiganj (AI non-affected district). A total number of 600 respondents were interviewed with a structured questionnaire prepared in Magpi and data were collected using Android smart phone. More than half (55.7%) respondents had heard about AI and mass media was the predominant source of information (46.7%). A total of 60.2% of the respondents agreed that AI is a serious and 65.7% agreed that it is a preventable disease. Regarding hygienic practices 32% respondents use disinfectant regularly and 73.2% respondents wash hands after handling of birds. Protective measures such as the use of gloves and mask were not used by 93% respondents. The results indicated a higher knowledge score among the respondents of affected areas than those of non-affected areas. Regarding the attitude score, it was revealed that 54.5% of respondents had good attitude scores towards AI. That is understood that the majority of respondents had positive attitude towards AI. Regarding the practices score, it revealed that 49.5% had practice at a satisfactory level. The practice score was more satisfactory among the respondents of affected areas than those of non-affected areas. The information on levels of knowledge, attitude and practices regarding AI gathered in this study could provide scientific support to assist theBangladeshgovernment in developing strategies and health education campaigns to prevent transmission of the AI virus among the general population.

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Chieloka, Okoli Solomon. "Serosurveillance for Avian Influenza in Local Chickens in Households and Live Bird Markets in Enugu State, Nigeria." East African Journal of Agriculture and Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (November 13, 2020): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajab.1.1.52.

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Enugu State, Nigeria has previously reported an outbreak of avian influenza in three local governments namely Igoetiti, Nkanu west and Udi following the resurgence of avian influenza in 2015. Traceback investigation on affected farms showed a direct link of confirmed outbreaks to the presence of apparently healthy asymptomatic local chicken roaming freely as resident local chicken within intensive farms. However, there was a paucity of data to support this hypothesis. Two hundred (200) serum samples were obtained from apparently healthy local chicken at the live bird market (Ibagwa Nkwo Nsukka) and purposively selected households within Enugu state. Serology for Avian influenza-specific antibodies was conducted using the Agar Gel immunodiffusion test. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to access the level of awareness of respondents to avian influenza (AI), management practices that may be associated with suspected cases of avian influenza and accessibility to veterinary care within the study area. The level of awareness for avian influenza was low, 31(48.4%), there was no association between gender, education of respondents and level of awareness about avian influenza within the study area, (P = 0.348, χ² = 1.035; df = 2), (P = 0.329, χ² = 2.225; df = 2). 53(82.8%) of the respondents reported to be aware of the availability of veterinary care; however, 21(39.6%) reported that limited fund was militating factor in accessing the services. Risk factors to avian influenza zoonosis included consumption of dead poultry “Morta,” (22, 34.4%); open disposal of carcasses (23, 35.9%) and mixing of local chickens with known reservoirs of avian influenza where ducks (76, 17.2%) and pigeons (119, 26.9%) were very common. Serological findings showed that all 200 samples (serum) were negative for avian influenza antibodies, premised on this finding, it was concluded that local chickens may not serve as reservoirs of avian influenza in the study area within the time frame.

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Parvin, M. S., S. Talukder, M. Y. Ali, M. M. Hasan, M. T. Rahman, and M. T. Islam. "Exploring multidrug resistant E. coli carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamase from retail chicken meat and live bird market sewage in Bangladesh." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.098.

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Maharani, N. R., H. Susetya, and M. H. Wibowo. "Characterization of Hemagglutinin Gene Fragment of H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Environmental Live Bird Market in the Greater Jakarta Area." Tropical Animal Science Journal 45, no. 2 (June 2022): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2022.45.2.141.

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Zhou, Xiaoyan, Yin Li, Youming Wang, John Edwards, Fusheng Guo, Archie C. A. Clements, Baoxu Huang, and Ricardo J. Soares Magalhaes. "The role of live poultry movement and live bird market biosecurity in the epidemiology of influenza A (H7N9): A cross-sectional observational study in four eastern China provinces." Journal of Infection 71, no. 4 (October 2015): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2015.06.012.

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48

Chapman, Dale. "The ‘one-man band’ and entrepreneurial selfhood in neoliberal culture." Popular Music 32, no. 3 (September 13, 2013): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143013000317.

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AbstractThis article proposes that the recent history of the live solo multi-instrumentalist, more conventionally known as the ‘one-man band’, might serve as a useful window onto broader transformations in postmodern culture. If the one-person band has historically been understood as a humorous, culturally devalued phenomenon, with its practitioners occupying marginal race and class positions, the recent visibility of solo multi-instrumentalism in indie and experimental rock attests to its altered status in contemporary culture. The present discussion situates the shifting fortunes of the one-person band in relation to the contemporary hegemony of neoliberal conceptions of subjectivity. In their performance of nimble, flexible and omni-competent self-reliance, artists such as Theresa Andersson, Robert Fripp and Andrew Bird model some of the key qualities idealised by theorists of a free-market ‘entrepreneurial selfhood’.

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NISHI, Tatsuya, Masatoshi OKAMATSU, Kenji SAKURAI, Huy Duc CHU, Long Pham THANH, Long van NGUYEN, Nam van HOANG, Diep Nguyen THI, Yoshihiro SAKODA, and Hiroshi KIDA. "Genetic Analysis of an H5N2 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Chicken in a Live Bird Market in Northern Vietnam in 2012." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 76, no. 1 (2014): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0311.

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Dewi, Putu Yuni Fitria, Purwanta Purwanta, and Sri Mulyani. "Pengaruh Pengetahuan, Sikap, Fasilitas, Pengelola Pasar, Terhadap Perilaku Flu Burung pada Pedagang dan Pemotong Unggas." Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas 1, no. 1 (October 16, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.29014.

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Background: There were 131 cases of bird deaths in Yogyakarta on 12-16 May 2014 due to H5N1 virus. Live poultry market as one of the crucial points in the transmission of avian influenza should be handled seriously. Therefore, it is necessary to know the behaviors of poultry traders and slaughterers working in the market, as those are at high risk of contracting avian influenza.Objective: This research aimed to determine the correlation among knowledge, attitudes, facilities, and market administrators toward behaviors of poultry traders and slaughterers in preventing avian influenza in Terban Market, Yogyakarta.Methods: This was a quantitative research with cross-sectional design. Data were obtained via questionnaires and observations of 100 people consisted of poultry traders and slaughterers in Terban Market chosen by proportionate stratified random sampling technique in September 2014. Data were then analyzed using Somers’D for the bivariate analysis and logistic regression for the multivariate analysis.Results: The results showed that the respondents’ knowledge was high (65%) while attitudes (66%), facilities (53%), behaviors of market administrators (44%), and behaviors of poultry traders and slaughterers (55%) were satisfactory. There were correlation among knowledge (p=0,015), attitudes (p=0,000), facilities (p=0,010), and behaviors of market administrators (p=0,001) toward poultry traders and slaughterers behaviors. Attitudes was the most dominant factor influencing live poultry traders and slaughterers behaviors (OR=7,296). Conclusion: Knowledge, attitudes, facilities, and behaviors of market administrators influenced poultry traders and slaughterers behaviors in preventing avian influenza in Terban Market, Yogyakarta.ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Pada tanggal 12-16 Mei 2014, di Yogyakarta terjadi 131 kasus kematian unggas akibat virus H5N1. Pasar unggas hidup yang merupakan salah satu titik kritis dalam penularan flu burung, harus mendapatkan penanganan yang serius. Untuk itu perlu diketahui perilaku pedagang dan pemotong unggas yang bekerja di pasar sebagai pihak yang beresiko tinggi tertular flu burung.Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap, fasilitas, dan pengeiola pasar terhadap perilaku pencegahan flu burung pada pedagang dan pemotong unggas di Pasar Terban Yogyakarta.Metode: Penelitian berjenis kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi pada 100 orang pedagang dan pemotong unggas di Pasar Terban, dengan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling pada bulan September 2014. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Somers’D, analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengetahuan responden tinggi (65%), sedangkan sikap (66%), fasilitas (53%), perilaku pengelola pasar (44%), dan perilaku pedagang dan pemotong unggas (55%) cukup baik. Terdapat pengaruh antara pengetahuan (p=0,015), sikap (p=0,000), fasilitas (p=0,010), pengelola pasar (p=0,001) dengan perilaku pedagang dan pemotong unggas. Sikap adalah faktor yang paling dominan mempengaruhi perilaku pedagang dan pemotong unggas (OR=7,296).Kesimpulan: pengetahuan, sikap, fasilitas, dan perilaku pengelola pasar mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan flu burung pada pedagang dan pemotong unggas di Pasar Terban, Yogyakarta.

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