Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Littoraux – Aménagement – Bretagne (France)'
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Le, Dem Annie. "Les fêtes du patrimoine maritime au sein de la reconstruction des territoires littoraux : l'exemple de la Bretagne." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES1007.
Full textSince about twenty years, the patrimonial practices developed themselves on the britanny coastline to echoes with the deep circumstantial changes that sudden to this time in the maritime society. The britanny notoriety of the maritime heritage constructed himself in the ambiance of festivals. In Britanny, the festival of the sea became inseparable of the heritage ideology. The britanny coastline is rich of a network of 52 festivals of the maritime heritage that is to the origin of new constructions of coastal territories. Actors (associations, local collectivities, enterprises) that organize these festivals shaped a construction of the britanny maritime heritage. Some festivals today became concepts that are reproductible on the britanny coastline and other french and European seashores. Since 1996, festival of the britanny maritime heritage now export themselves on the other side of the channel. British, after having moved regularly on the britanny festival, organize their own festivals of the maritime heritage. Today, the britanny maritime 20 years after the festival became a reference and a model. The principal risks that can incur the heritage maritime 20 years after the first festival of the maritime heritage is one trivializations to eyes of the public opinion and a diversion of the authenticity cultural of the maritime heritage. Now, on notes an opening of these festivals on cultures and identifies of sailors. However, let's recall that the biggest wealth of the britanny maritime heritage is to have permitted to give birth to a culture coastline in which recognizes himself of various horizon people and identify today
Breton, Erwan. "Fréquentation, usages et représentations des espaces littoraux protégés de Bretagne : (observations, analyses systémiques et propositions de gestion)." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1016.
Full textPennanguer, Stéphane. "Incertitude et concertation dans la gestion de la zone côtière." Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NSARH058.
Full textThe analysis of coastal zone management initiatives in France (Commission Environnement Littoral, 2002) and abroad (European Commission, 1999) reveals that the principal deficiency of these initiatives relates to the concertation, the participation and the involvement of stakeholders. Based on this report, this thesis, focused on concerted management, presents the concertation as a way to reduce uncertainty, inherent in coastal zone management. It deals with the functional aspects of concertation and the conditions to its implementation in the processes of coastal zone management. This thesis is built around the three key elements of territorial management: territories, projects and men. Starting from a crossed analysis of case studies in Brittany (Bay of Mont Saint-Michel, Iroise Sea, Gulf of Morbihan), this thesis analyses the behaviours and strategies of stakeholders in concertation processes, then is interested in possible coordinations between the different processes engaged on the same territory. While being based on the concept of territorial concertation, this thesis develops a systemic approach of concertation, reveals the “system of territorial concertation” and the dynamics which govern its functioning. The concertation appears when certain conditions and certain factors are joined together within the system of concertation. It generates new properties (or conditions) which have in particular the effect to generate new methods of collaboration between stakeholders. The concept of “small coastal zone management”, developed in the conclusion, recapitulates the lessons of this research to propose a new approach of territorial management in coastal zone
Amghar, Julien. "Les petits ports et les usages du littoral, en Bretagne, au XIXe siècle." Lorient, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LORIL065.
Full textSioc'han-Monnier, Françoise. "La construction et l'évolution des ports en Bretagne aux 19ème et 20ème siècle." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20030.
Full textSonnic, Erwan. "La navigation de plaisance : territoires de pratiques et territoires de gestion : entre dualité et nécessité de fusion pour une évolution progressiste de l'activité." Rennes 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011637.
Full textSince the 1960s, the activity of yachting has known a record development and Brittany is directly involved. Indeed, its coastline harbours more than 76. 000 pleasure crafts and contains hundreds of marinas, harbours and moorings. But beyond these figures, pleasure boating has its own territorial logic which is linked with harbours and moorings, yachting practices, and also with a hinterland where nautical sector firms and yachting residences are localised. Through this research work, many territorial uses, at the same time terrestrial and maritime, have been distinguished all along the Breton coastline. Even if more and more local authorities admit the legitimacy of these territories, there are still difficulties between the users and the administrative divisions. As these areas which are used for pleasure boating are appropriate in order to manage pleasure boating, but difficult to identify, this thesis proposes some keys to achieve this identification
Florez, Marion. "Le partage de l’espace en débat : de la confrontation des usages à la construction de modalités de cohabitation sur le littoral breton." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20054.
Full textThe densification of spaces, their over-frequentation, the multiplication of protection zones, the implementation of regulations, the increase in the real estate market, etc. are all problems associated with the conflictual sharing of coastal space. This research, which is the result of a scientific and financial collaboration between the DREAL Bretagne and the ESO Rennes laboratory, aims to take into account the plurality of ordinary conflictual situations that emerge around the issue of space sharing. The aim is not only to reveal what these configurations say about the relationships that actors have with space, the Other, nature and institutions, but also to reveal the plural effects of these situations on a space as small as the coastline. Through the investigation of case studies dealing with various issues and involving heterogeneous actors, the aim is to demonstrate the necessary and indisputable interest in taking into account all the actors concerned, to recognise their knowledge and their multiple assets and to legitimise their occupation of the space. Through the experimentation of a hybrid participatory approach, mixing methods from the human and social sciences (semi-directive interview and mental map) and animation techniques experimented by the State services (workshop, cartographic diagnosis, etc.), we highlight, beyond the inexorable nature of conflicts, the possibility and the importance of their valorisation as an essential contribution to the improvement of cohabitation and to the common construction of the space-at-risk that is the coastline
Le, Fur Yann. "La patrimonialisation des grands sites : évolution des doctrines et transformation des espaces : exemple des promontoires littoraux emblématiques bretons." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869354.
Full textEymery, Céline. "Du texte à la carte : contribution de la géographie à la traduction spatiale de la loi Littoral : application en Bretagne." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0104/document.
Full textThis thesis proposes a contribution of geography to the spatial translation of the Coastal Law (Loi Littoral). For many years, the coast has become a space under pressure. Law No 86-2 of 3 January 1986 relating to coastal development, protection and enhancement was developed to regulate land uses on the seaside, thus allowing the development of a rational urbanisation while protecting natural areas. In order to regulate the usage of coastal areas, diverse in nature, this "framework law" was deliberately designed and written with imprecise notions (urban clusters, near-shore areas, gaps in urbanisation, etc.). This imprecision was and still is leading to problems of interpretation by different players (politicians, State services, private landowners, etc.). The spirit of the Coastal Law is to encourage the consideration of local specificities when interpreting the notions of this law and translating it into spatial planning documents. In this context, the question of the relevance of geography in the interpretation of the Coastal Law, including the spatial distribution of these notions, is therefore of interest.The assumption that the interpretation of the Coastal Law can be deepened by "legal geography" is thus formulated. The thesis seeks to demonstrate by theoretical and methodological approaches that geography, by means of spatial analysis and mapping, allows us to appreciate these notions on the basis of local conditions as well as the choices made to develop and preserve every land. Thus, the use of geographical criteria can guide stakeholders towards an interpretation in line with the reality of the territories. In this context, tools and methods for spatial information are used with the help of a geographic information system (GIS) to map the different criteria and test different thresholds. The demonstration, implemented on Breton coastal communities, highlights that the choice of criteria and thresholds is undeniably dependent of the territory's project
Yoni, Catherine. "Dynamique des flèches dunaires à point libre de Bretagne." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES1002.
Full textDune spits of Brittany can be classified into several types according to their dimensions, morphology, or sedimentology. Except three of them, they are all in erosion : this consideration confirms the actual trend of the retreat of sandy coast all around the world. The results of the protection works against natural or anthropic erosion have not been positive at all times
Redon, Jean-Pierre. "La conduite des politiques publiques sur le littoral." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131004.
Full textA study of the relative responsibilities of the state and the local authorities as concerns the coast shows that the state is dominant in both policy and management, both over the coastal areas and the activities that occur there. In the first part of the thesis it is shown that the relations between the center and the periphery are the key to understanding public authority intervention, in particular in town planning and development. On the other hand, as concerns economic activities linked to the sea, presented in the second part of the thesis, it is the global-sectorial balance that is called into question. On the coast, relations between the center and the periphery are no longer critical : the state is present in carrying out its essential activities as are the different professions organized into corporate bodies. What is the role of the state, in particular in the interprofessional corporate organizations in fishing and sea farming ? The state has delegated powers to them as part of joint-management system. But if this delegation of authority tends to reinforce their autonomy, and that of local leaders of professional organizations, it has no influence on the nature of the decisions actually made, which remain legislative acts adopted unilate
Bouvier, Pascal. "Morphogénèse et morphosédimentologie des vastes estrans plans en Bretagne septentrionale." Brest, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BRES0002.
Full textMorel, Valérie. "De la géomorphologie à la gestion des cordons de galets littoraux du bassin de la Manche et de ses abords : études de cas (Bretagne, Haute-Normandie, Picardie, Sud Angleterre) et réflexions générales." Brest, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BRES1012.
Full textNoailles, Mikaël. "La construction d'une économie touristique sur la Côte Aquitaine des années 1820 aux années 1980 : politiques d'aménagement, pratiques sociales et développement local." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30047.
Full textThis study of modern tourism covers a long time – from its birth to its peak. It investigates the very roots of today’s tourism in Aquitaine, through tourism-related regional development, which has been its irretrievable indication from the beginning, but it also examines the social, political and economic environment. It is essential to study how democratization and massification have brought tourism from the fringe to the heart of the region’s political and socioeconomic system. In fact, the period from the1820’s to the 1980’s corresponds to a phase of construction, organization and change for that activity. Tourism tends to become an organized, increasingly prestigious socioeconomic sector. The emerging and developing tourism system generates an economy in the first sense of the word: the art of running and managing an activity. The effects of that long period of deep change were the organization of the tourism sector with a network of varied actors, as well as modifications in the tourists’ practices. Tourism, once a complementary activity, becomes an autonomous economic sector, which contributes to local development – a proof of its assertion and legitimating process. This paper also studies the evolution in the identity of the côte des Landes de Gascogne, then of the côte d’Argent, and eventually of the Côte Aquitaine – three terms naming the same place, but tallying with three distinct identity periods which make up the originality of the littoral. Indeed, regional identity, social practices, regional planning politics and wills for local development, have interacted on that coast with more or less power, impelled by more or less powerful and organized actors
Ide, Mayssoun. "Aménagement et protection des littoraux méditerranéens : Marseille (France) et Lattaquié (Syrie), étude comparée." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/188223673#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textSince the beginning of the 70's, the coastal zone became the subject of a specific policy based on protecting the environment, limiting the urbanization and artificialization of coasts, taking into consideration the issues of this geographical entity. The Mediterranean littoral zones have been coveted for a long time and are undergoing dangerous littoralization, which requires more conservative measures than other zones. To deal with this situation, some governments of Mediterranean countries adopted tools and specific policy for the planning and/or the preservation of littoral zones. France adopted in 1986 a coastal law. Inspiring from the French experience, Spain enacted the coastal law in 1988. Other countries took the same strategy (e. G. Turkey in 1990 and Algeria in 2002). Morroco and Greece belong to a group that adapted a coastal draft law. Most Mediterranean countries have sectored regulations to manage their coastal areas, actually Syria belongs to this group. In this context, by comparative study between two coastal harbor cities (Marseille and Latakia), this thesis aims to understand how this portion of land is planned and preserved, in a country with specific legal frames for littoral zones (France) and another one (Syria) possessing some sectored regulations for coastal zones. It also raises the question of the role of local and regional authorities, as well as the actors involved in the planning and management of coastal areas
Gaucher, Jean-Francois. "Les mutations des stratégies de développement touristique sur le littoral breton." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20020.
Full textTourism on Brittany coastal area experiences a third development cycle. A first elitist cycle and a further mass-market one created a disbalance between north and south coast. They modelled a young low middle-class profiled customer type, more prone to camping and second housing. The new model introducts more artificialised leisure in touristic expenditures. It provides various mobilities to more segmented customers with more departures and various travel lengths. Brittany coastal aera benefits of brittany improving global trade mark in spite of weather uncertainty, ecological dangers and landscapes injuries. It remains a main holiday aera with a strong regional attendance and becomes slowly a prominent week end and second holiday zone. In this remodelling for an european middle class, higher quality in hotels and camping is linked with reduced capacities, all the so more for social holidays lodging. In the same time smaller and newer types of accomodation appear. Second homes decrease with their transformation in house for retirement and with a greater social selection. Public collectivities sustain touristic specialisation but also create a new spatial balance with tourisitc " pays ". The touristic destination has a new content with a multimodal transport link. A strong existing trade mark. A wide display of accomodation and leisure. On the new examined destinations, some have an uncomplete supply and a weakness in trade mark and attendance i. In each aera can be distinguished different strategies of seaside towns, of balneary suburbs ? of urban resort and of isolat resort ,based on distinct urban attributes and various maraketing profile. The north coast benefits of new comparative advantages, while east becomes stronger. Thus with its own light and splitted way, Brittany coastal aera accomodates the new touristic model
Rochard, Patrick. "Les structures internes des plages de sable : évaluation de différentes approches méthodologiques, exemple d'un ensemble de plages bordant la mer d'Iroise." Brest, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BRES1009.
Full textUrsulet, Dorice. "La gestion du littoral martiniquais : réflexion critique à partir du cas de la commune atlantique du Robert." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20109.
Full textAToday, as we face obvious threats on the coasts and lands of Martinique, it is important to implement a management policy, in order to develop economy as well as to protect the essentially frail areas on a long-term basis. Our aim is to do an efficient analysis, both systemic and integrative, which deals with each side of the development, protection and coordination of the policies led by all the forces involved, regarding the context. Needless to say, themes such as “Integrated Policy of Coastal Areas”, sustainable development and efficient governance are extremely fundamental and need to be assessed. However, the local context shows numerous management problems which prevent from developing a long-term policy. The stake here is to identify and think over these problems to find the best appropriate policy for the island and its socioeconomic and administrative structure. In order to see our research through, we will dwell on the town of Robert, located on the Atlantic coast of Martinique, the only coastal town to have enforced the “Integrated Coastal Zone Management” in its coasts management. In the first part of our research, we will bring out the management and states of the coast system, more precisely the physical, economical, social and historical sides which are relevant for the management of the island coasts. And historical sides which are relevant for the management of the island coasts. In the second and last part, we will underline the new demands involving sustainable development as regards public policy and assessment are concerned. This research, based on local facts, will allow us to assess the policy in the town mentioned above, to bring out the limits and viewpoints as well as the importance of representations. Needless to say, what is valid for this small town is also valid for the island
Capet, Yann. "La Recomposition du territoire littoral en France métropolitaine." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0157.
Full textThe variety of the actors and the reduction of the legal instruments contribute to make of the coast a fragmented space. The movement of reorganization which gets territories today seems to be able to restore him a certain unity renewing there even the legal apprehension of which it was until then the object. The consolidation of the concept of Integrated Coastal Zones Management, at the same time as the development of the reorganization of territories, opens the way to a new conception of the relations maintained between law and littoral. The reorganization of the territories, as essential modality of the ICZM, open the possibility of restoring the unity of the coast, in the fact that it pulls the consequences of the maladjustment of the traditional administrative territories and that it restores the sector-based instruments drawn by the law in a global and unified perspective. The appeal to the notion of reorganization of the territory for the implemented of has ICZM renew connections between the law and the coast and tends to a certain extent to restore it in one system opened to the specificities. The coast is then envisaged under the angle of a general approach opened to the variety thanks to a revival of connections between law and territory. This hypothesis seems to authorize a new reading of the littoral problems by allowing to integrate at the same moment spaces, standards and actors in a management system the end of which is the sustainable development of the coast
Dahome, Di Ruggiero Michelle. "Evolution, exploitation et amenagement des zones humides littorales dans les petites Antilles Françaises." Antilles-Guyane, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AGUY0240.
Full textThe humid coastal zones (mangroves swamps, marshy forest, marsh meadow) of Guadeloupe and Martinique. Subjects to anthropic pressures, are they ln danger? The traditionals activities detremine a phytologic spatio-temporal dynamic of environment ensuring a newbalance to the system. With the analysis of aerial photographies, field-cheeking, a bibliographie synthesis permitted a typography based on the nature of the back mangrove swamp and a cartography of the spatial evolution of these zones of 1950 to 2004. Ali the diminishedprocesses are seen near urbaniazed areas. The counting ob of biological and physical indicators of the anthropisation convey thecharacteristics of traditionals uses differently applied in the 2 islands. The estimate of the anthropic pressure show the vulnerability of the forests near urbanized zones or roads and meadows and marshes. Surveys conducted in the field define the population of users and the social determinism of the uses. The study of popular regional events 'crab feast, shooting) gives the resources value of these habitats anexplains the economic of humid littoral of uses. These 2 determinisms pose the problem of the Iimiting utllizations of zhl. If the protectionsystem ot these 2 islands is identical (national or intemationallaws) but the management implemented in each of them is different. In Guadeloupe, it's necessary to propose concerted actions between ail actors of zhl for an better integrated
Raoul, Bruno. "Communication, territoire, mutations industrielles : l'industrialisation régionale entre développement local et globalisation : le cas de l'industrie électronique en Bretagne." Rennes 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN20021.
Full textFar from being restricted to the only world of media, communication today appears as a technical and symbolic matrix of the dominant development pattern. In particular, it impregnates materially and ideologically the sphere of production and exchanges. Indeed, in support of technological advances achieved in the field of electronic communication and strengthened by social technologies of management and communication, in a context of deregulation of communication systems, a new industrialism is taking shape, one which supposes a new relation between industry and territory. To be more precise, industrial changes turn out to be at the source of shifts in meaning occurring about the notion of territory. Under cover of the emergence of a new production structure, communication is thus at the heart of a movement of "deterritorialisation-reterritorialisation". Regional industrialization reflects this new reality of production. Marked by the state control seal during the "glorious thirty", it is now particularly worked on by local development policies encouraged by decentralisation and also by globalization strategies implemented by transnational firms. However, local development, borne by elites who are mediators of bewitching discourse on science, technology, innovation communication, management and enterprise, seems to partake of modernistic and globalising dynamic of capitalism and appears as a form of subjection of local actors to a new mode of exercising power and domination in the production sphere. The meaning of regional industrialization can be evaluated at ell. To confirm the problematic set out, a case study dealing with the electronics industry in Brittany aims at highlighting characteristics of a regional industrial activity, born from a state decision and developed under it
Beaugrand, Didier. "L'aménagement récent du littoral du Nord-Pas-de-Calais : le rôle des acteurs locaux." Lille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL10030.
Full textThe nord-pas de calais' littoral has been concerned, from the 1980's years, by the realization of several planning projects more or less kinked to the channel tunnel boring. Those projects have often been conceived and developped by "exogene" actors but the local actors have often intervened to make the littoral benefit by them. Therefore, the elected members have often played a dominating part and sometimes, the local selfishness have prevailed, remaining the weight of administrative borders. Those actors have usually tried to define new territory bases of solidarity so as to institute new planning strategies including those disruptions
Lanot, Jean-Michel. "La naturbanisation, concept et processus d'aménagement : gérer la fréquentation touristique des espaces naturels protégés." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU1003.
Full textNaturbanization is a new word which is close to oxymoron. Yet the town and country plannings flourishing on the edge of protected territories seem to show that the two words are not so contradictory. That is why we will set out to prove that town and country plannings, relating back to specific social practices and representations and to some extend an idea of nature, are developping around natural areas
Clairay, Philippe. "Les stations balnéaires de Bretagne : des premiers bains à l'explosion touristique des années 1960." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20052.
Full textThe aim of this doctoral thesis is to provide models of various developments specific to seaside resorts. These coastal regions are now considered as coherent economic entities thanks to the expansion witnessed in the tourist industry over the years. This study, which focuses on a large number of years, describes the development of these resorts, evoking all the factors which characterize the development of these seaside resorts in particular will be thouroughly examined, in terms of local and regional economy, national development, employment, population growth, etc. Even the most unexpected side effects of this growth will be dealt with. Indirectly, the emergence of new social trends, " propaganda ", images, etc, gradually gives birth to a new vision of the sea and the seaside. These elements will in turn create a new way of life. All the information comes from different archives of the seaside resorts in question, as well as the Archives Départementales of each district constituting the main source. An important selection of books dealing with seaside resorts constitutes another major source of information, together with pictures of all kinds relating to this subject
Poulain, France. "L'urbanisation du littoral par le camping-caravaning illégal sur parcelles privées : non-respect des lois d'aménagement et tolérance de pratiques illicites." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082312.
Full textSince the 1970's, the French coastline has become the favourite location for those purchasing a second home. As a result, more than 90. 000 campers use plots of land, be it farmland or otherwise, to temporarily house their lodgings : caravans, mobile home and other light recreational vehicles. As these small lodgings have gradually become more permanent fixtures, the result has contributed to the increasing urbanisation of these areas. The fact that this popular practice of occupying land has developed outside of current regulation means that the environmental cost of the phenomenon has been high. The study allows a real understanding of the impact of land planning and environmental protection on the behaviour of private landowners in areas under particular strain. It also allows a chance to analyse the management style of the public authorities in the face of the continuing crisis in the levels of public interest, highlighted today by this tolerance of an illegal practice
Clus-Auby, Christine. "La gestion de l'érosion du littoral dunaire aquitain." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30013.
Full textBasara, Noémie. "L'érosion des littoraux à falaises meubles en Bretagne : aléa, enjeux et gestion du risque." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0066.
Full textThe erosion of soft cliffs results from the denudation of inherited, superficial formations covering the current coastlines. Their retreat rate is unsteady and often smaller than on accumulation coasts. This type of cliffs represents, in Brittany, 20 % of the coastline. Although their evolution is not fully understood, urbanization and human activities have grown denser at the top of these soft cliffs and behind, in recent decades. This thesis addresses coastal erosion with a focus on coastal risks induced by current urbanization of these soft cliffs at regional scale. The analysis tackles the hazard, stakes and management components in order to assess erosion risk and to draw near the vulnerability of these territories.A systemic approach is adopted, nesting temporal and spatial scales, with the objective to identify the components contributing to the vulnerability of these coastal territories.A chronicle of erosion events at regional scale is produced to present the spatio-temporal distribution of erosion over the 20th and 21st centuries and to analyze the generating factors.Focusing on six representative sites, aerial photographs (between 1950 and 2015) and photogrammetric monitoring (from 2017 to 2019) allow a quantitative study of the kinematics of soft cliffs retreat. A new paradigm for assessing and mapping the erosion risk for soft cliffs is proposed.Finally, indicators for stakes and risk management allow assessing vulnerability at these sites, and a survey conducted among regional stakeholders identifies gaps in risk management policies. According to their type, soft cliffs show a range of erosion responses, controlled by a combination of subaerial and marine factors, including rainfall. In Brittany, their retreat threatens mainly residential and agricultural lands. The vulnerability indicators highlight the paucity of regulations, local management strategies, dialogue and public awareness. They allow a better understanding of the challenges raised by risk erosion management
Vary, Morgane. "Intégration sociale des populations marginales sur le littoral breton au XVIIIe siècle." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIL103.
Full textSupervision of the population, one of the main obsessions of the State during the Ancien Régime, required the creation of a complex and dense jurisdictional network on French territory. The coast of Brittany during the eighteenth century seems to be a good place to examine and analyze the relationship between the people who live in the area and State officials. Its attractiveness which lays in the many activities it can offer to locals and migrants make controlling it a necessity. The jurisdictional network points out a population which is qualified as marginal. Specific forms of criminality can be detected. Young men with a precarious status appear in the archives. In front of the judge, they claim illicit activities like begging or smuggling. The figure of the migrant-beggar is particularly pregnant. The representations of marginality show intentional isolation of the poor from the elite (deportation, confinement). Nevertheless, the archives allow one to underline the links of solidarity which exist between the individual and his family. The priest or the employer are also a potential means of support. Exclusion is therefore a temporary state. Integration by resorting to pluriactivity is possible, allowing poor people to survive or to obtain a complementary income. Pluriactivity, integrated in the customs, shows the potentiality of the coast of Brittany and qualifies the different degrees of the notion of exclusion
Gallon, Régis. "Diversité, structure et fonctions des communautés à Rhodophytes en Bretagne : réponses aux forçages environnementaux dans le contexte du changement global." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MNHN0017.
Full textThis thesis approaches the link structure - function of red seaweed communities across different spatial and temporal scales. For these studies, we based our approach on a methodology previously developed to assess the accuracy of our parameters based on sampling carried effort. First, we described the existing organization patterns across the Brittany coasts by comparing assemblages observed between 1992 and 1998 and those observed today. Then we focused on organization patterns present in the Normand Breton Gulf and how they are expressed through the : (1) species composition, (2) structure, (3) biomass of these communities. Red seaweeds communities are driven by the temperature, in the context of global changes their structure may be altered whereas their associated functions are relatively stable by the implementation of redundancy mechanisms. In a second part, we followed the species composition and structure of macroalgal communities in a process of colonization, biomass and productivity were then set up relationship with the characteristics of communities. The estimated biomasses reveal an important role in the primary production of red seaweeds communities in coastal systems. Finally, we examined the fate of organic matter produced by red seaweeds communities. We based on the complementarity of isotopes and fatty acid markers to follow organic matter through food webs. The organic matter produced by red algae is integrated directly and/or indirectly (detrital way) in benthic food webs
Pensivy, Sylvie. "La politique des contrats de pays : l'expérience bretonne." Rennes 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985REN1G021.
Full textLecourt, Arnaud. "Les conflits d'aménagement : analyse théorique et pratique à partir du cas breton." Rennes 2, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003924v2.
Full textVery few study distinguish planning conflicts from the environmental ones. However the relations between the planning conflicts and space, territory or planning characteristics make them original. It is precisely these relations that this thesis focuses on through a systemic approach. While choosing the study of associations born in reaction with planning projects, this research places the localisation and the mechanisms of the conflicts in the center of the analysis. There are two types of results. The former shows that the planning conflicts' geography is a function of the socio-space properties from the territory of reception and of the planning. Tha latter highlights the way in which the territory and the conflict are mutually nourished according to interactions of variable intensity. Overall, this thesis raises the question of the sustainable territorial insertion of planning projects
Pupier-Dauchez, Solange. "Le rechargement sédimentaire : de la défense des côtes à l'aménagement du littoral : Analyse des pratiques sur la côte atlantique française." Brest, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BRES1009.
Full textErosion of beaches leads local councillors to set up defence plants which are often shown to be costly, unsightly and harmful for the dynamic balance of littorals. During the advancement of defence practical experiences, beach nourishmend has turned up as the solution which can solve local problems of erosion without generating any dynamic dysfunctions and has converted a lot of countries. Besides, in some of these countries, legislators have privileged the resorting to reloading, (U. S. A. And Netherlands). France is characterized by a regulation which doesn't give favour to beach fill. Nevertheless, several operations have been achieved or are at the planning stage, fitting numerous and crossed purposes. Beach nourishment operations on the French Atlantic coasts present totally different features. Volumes of sand, borrowing areas, areas of deposit, implementation of different ways, are very varied features which reflect different environments, contexts and stakes. Protection of a defence work, struggle against erosion, protection of the fringe of littorals, modification of the effects of transit, throwing out of dragging materials at low cost, increase of the tourists frequenting beaches and local development, are the different objectives that councillors can seek after and combine. Therefore, the evaluation of the results of different operations integrates all of these stakes. In most cases, those operations fill the job well. Failures can be explained by problems that can occur to calculate the ideal dimensions of reloading : too low volumes that don't compensate for deficient supplies, unsuitable materials for areas of deposit and the non consideration of hydrosedimentary local dynamics maybe reflecting a fundamental problem of the limited choice of the sources of materials and local strategies
Jacquemin, Odile. "Hyères, la formation d'un paysage urbain : entre mer et terre, de 1748 à nos jours." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006VERS006S.
Full textFrom the city to the territory, the thesis makes out of a narration of a story of a landscape, an entryfor a little story on the art to manage the territory. Through a study case, Hyères and its harbour, seen under the angle of the projects and the point of view of the site, the thesis is a contribution as much to the urban history than to the knowledge of the littoral landscapes. This work questions methods and finality of the history, proposing to join together a long history and a history of present times, to offer a dynamic vision of the landscape, and to make of history a science of the action at the service of the territorial project and its prospective. The narration renews the genre of the local monograph, where the local gives way to a mondialized space, defined by the relations of the local to the global. The between land and sea is explored in its capacity to produce links and sets itself as a model of between two to extrapolate. To the state of the sites, the diagnostic by the landscape substitutes a state of the links. As an interface between culture and nature, between art and science, and in its capacity to join times, places and thematic, the landscape becomes language to speak about the complex, give a global vision of the present and to make understandable the fitting of the different scales of space and time. The narration and its fragmentation serves mediation. The tale opens to a pedagogy of the landscape by the landscape putting in position the representative figures by which a rural burg turned into a littoral city, territorializing the fundamental interrogations and the principal cultural transformations, economic and social, that must take into consideration the territorial geniuses to (re)invent
Escadafal, Alain. "L'articulation du marketing et de l'aménagement dans le projet de station touristique : exemples aquitains." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30080.
Full textMarketing and planning are articulated in the resort project on the the resort's double nature, territory and enterprise at the same time. On the one hand, marketing gives basic informations about customers and markets, through informations which will structure the planning specifications. On the other hand, planning will play a role in the supply forming, as also in resort management. Planning is that way one of the components of the creation and developpement of the market supply. The core of this double exchange between marketing and planning takes place in the strategic definition of the resort project, at the junction of the two process. The contribution of marketing to the resort project is then much more than a promotion and commercial matter, it interferes upstream, in the creation of the project. Studying aquitaine's resorts allows to establish that this marketing and planning articulation is far to be brought in operation on an optimun way. Knowledge of customers and market is still inadequate, the strategic definition of the project is based on very weak methodological elements, specially for diagonstic, and finally, marketing is too often reduced to the promotion function
Andreu-Boussut, Vincent. "L'aménageur, le touriste et la nature sur le littoral de l’Aude (France) : modèles de gestion, pratiques touristiques et enjeux environnementaux." Marne-la-Vallée, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264255.
Full textOver the last decade, the Aude coast went through profound changes, symbolised by the creation of the Parc Naturel Régional de la Narbonnaise by Decree of December 18th 2003. How and why this emblematic area of coastal tourism, decided at the highest governmental levels in France, went through such a radical questioning of its management methods ? Central to the re-foundation of Aude coastal management, nature, and protected areas in particular, appeared to be one of the possible keys to tourist rejuvenation and land use re-planning of this Mediterranean mass tourist destination. From this standpoint, this research attempts to shed light on the contemporary stakes, the stages and the limits of the Aude “experience”. Our analysis consists of three main parts, each of them shedding a different light on our subject. The first part sets out the several stages of the touristification of a littoral consisting of a mosaic of singular natural ecosystems. In order to put in perspective the changes in land-use coastal planning policies, the analysis focuses on two points: the rehabilitation of the pioneers who have “invented” the first seaside resorts at the end of the 19th century and the rereading of the heritage of the Mission Racine in the planning of a “Neo-Languedoc” devoted to mass tourism from the 1960’s onwards. The second part analyses the genesis of a central actor, the Parc Naturel Régional de la Narbonnaise, which reflects the emergence of a new model of management of the Aude coast. The study of renewed planning practices reveals the quasi-systematic resort to the paradigms of environment, heritage and identity and the integration of tourist stakes in the territorial development. This recomposition of the action system and its intervention strategies already seems to reflect an attempt, still hesitating and incomplete, at integrated coastal management. By studying the management of protected areas and their social uses, the third part deals with (the question of) the production of a tourist nature that contributes to the recomposition of short-lived holiday territories. In spite of the positive views held by some managers relying on the standard arguments of eco-tourism development, several case studies reveal in fact an inadequate and unsuitable management of protected areas and show that the preservation of natural heritage is not always guaranteed
Quintin, Philippe. "Métropolisation et vitalisation : vers une recomposition des territoires." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20064.
Full textThis thesis focuses on what we could call urban efficiency i. E. The socio-spatial role of the city. It seems that, having reached a certain size, "mother-cities" (the root concept of metropolisation), "in a polarised system of space", generate around themselves a demographical and economical movement of "vitalisation ". 1 have attempted to comprehend this process through a model of "urban vitalisation ". This modelisation has never been an aim in itself, but rather a tool which compelled me, through a method of experimentation, to look at the possibility of verifying this movement of spatial dynamics. Through this model and its relatively large scale experimentation, 1 have tried to show the tale played by these cities in the reconstruction of territories during approximately 30 years,. This reconstruction illustrates perfectly the interest of not showing spatial territories on an opposing rural-urban basis, but showing them instead through the close ties that such territories retain with their " mother-cities " and their hinterlands, in order to create a real network of territories
Vaucourt, Caroline. "Le réaménagement des marais maritimes endigués le long des côtes à marée (France) : en fonction de l'évolution du milieu et de la transformation des priorités économiques." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES0003.
Full textMorio, Olivier. "Compréhension des dynamiques morpho-sédimentaires cohésives et non- cohésives des littoraux de Bretagne Sud (France) à différentes échelles spatio- temporelles." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS479/document.
Full textAt the world scale, coastal areas can be divided in several categories: rocky, sandy, muddy and mixed coasts. However, these sedimentary coasts are regularly found mixed. Temporary or permanent mud inputs are observed on the sandy beaches. These atypical mixed environments, coupling erosional, transports and deposits processes associated to cohesive and non-cohesive sediments have been poorly studied. So, understanding theirs morphological and sedimentary dynamics and the identification of regional and local forcings driving them are essential. Four sandy-muddy or fully sandy Low-Tide-Terrace beaches from the bay and estuary of Vilaine (South-Brittany) have been monthly monitored over two years to characterize their morphodynamics beahaviors. Specific monitoring of coupled hydrodynamics and morpho- sedimentary surveys and photogrammetry experiments have been conducted on mixed sandy- muddy or full sandy beaches. At a regional scale, this work highlights the role of the initial morphology and regional geology inheritance on the morphological response of the littoral zones to extreme energy conditions. Despite some erosion patterns in local parts of beaches, particularly close to shore protection structures, the mid-term recovery capacity of the south-Brittany coastal area after extreme wave energy conditions have been proved. In a more specific approach, the works regarding the sandy- muddy beach dynamic show a morphodynamics behaviour close to that of a fully sandy beach during high energy event. The mudflat elevation changes and the dynamic of the ridges and runnels sedimentary patterns are mainly controlled by the incoming waves but also by the own physical properties of the sediment, particularly those induced by the interaction between the sand from the reflective section and the mudflat. A sand deposit between mud layers potentially decreases the wave erosion capacity on the mudflat
Le, Délézir Ronan. "Les "pays" en Bretagne : sur la pertinence d'une nouvelle organisation territoriale." Rennes 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN20004.
Full textThe notion of "pays" (close to the English "county") has known over a very short period an intense intellectual and legislative reinvestment, which has reactivated an old concept of geography. This doctoral thesis is in line with this movement, to which it participates and we hope to have partially clarified it. This reflexion evaluates the pertinence of the "pays" as a tool to simplify the national territorial organisation, based on a detailed study of Brittany. That for, it was important to try to understand how such an old concept, more or less familiar to the political and economical actors depending on the regions, could have been not only ratified on a national level, but also inscribed in a law act that gave it by this way a reference, even an example value, that's why we've chosen, from the start, to set back the law in its national and even European context, since the report of the obsolescence of our territorial organisation and of the stacking up of the management levels, that have become too numerous, is widely at the origin of the idea of "pays" in the 1995's law (loadt). But first this idea, only in the law, had to be clarified. The short definition given by the legislator added in fact to the wide scale of meanings that the word had been given through the years. This contextualisation of the law naturally had to be completed with the study of its appliance, through the deep analysis of the "pays-tests" ("test-counties"). The relaunding of the concept of "pays" in Brittany fits in with this national framework. However we know it is there both older and more within the reach of the local actors than in most of the other French regions. Therefore, our work had to evaluate the perception of the loadt by the regional officials, but also to remind that the revival of the idea of "pays" was much more precocious. This crossing of a descending national dynamic and an ascending, older movement, has led us to examine how this double reactivation took place in the Britain territory
Guy, Catherine. "L'aménagement du territoire et les contrats de plan Etat-région : les régions Bretagne et Pays de la Loire." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20042.
Full textPaszkier, Kathleen. "Loi "Montagne" et loi "littoral" : des "lois d'aménagement et d'urbanisme" aux "dispositions particulières", illustrations du phénomène de territorialisation du droit." Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE0040.
Full textEgasse, Benjamin. "L'État, la fortification et le littoral lorientais : pouvoirs, économie et environnement d'un système défensif au XVIIIe siècle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIL549.
Full textBetween 1695 and 1815, the harbor of Lorient located on the southern coast of Brittany hosts within it strategic economic and military activities of the kingdom of France. The tensions and Franco-British conflicts that enameled the eighteenth century make it necessary to secure this space. By successive campaigns, the Lorient coastline is endowed with a complete mesh of fortifications intended to protect the interests of the kingdom of France. The study of the construction of the defensive system of the Lorient coastline makes it possible to understand under which conditions the construction of the whole of this device is carried out and what are the effects of the implantation and the exploitation of the latter, by analyzing the political, technical, economic, military, social and environmental data of coastal development in the past. This development requires significant financial resources raised through the Tax. On the ground, the realization of the royal will is in the hands of the “engineers of the king” who in turn rely on the experience of building entrepreneurs who have been awarded the "king's business" in defense matters. This duo must work under tension in a tight financial, diplomatic and military context
Valy, Janique. "Croissance urbaine et risque inondation en Bretagne." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624646.
Full textLe, Goff Erwan. "Les Villes-Santé en Bretagne : quels choix de gestion et d'aménagement des espaces ?" Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00772443.
Full textDesgre-Audouit, Christelle. "L' étude de la fréquentation et de ses impacts sur le littoral languedocien." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30078.
Full textAn important and varied population frequents the Languedoc-Roussillon coast. Indeed following a French determined politics of development to increase tourism (Mission Racine, 1963 - 1982) this coast has become the fourth most important tourist region of the country. To this seasonal human pressure another one has appeared for about ten years: the one of the permanent population who increases a lot with the newcomers. Tourists, nearby and local population (who embed the newcomers) have different perceptions and practices of the coast areas. From these different perceptions and practices, several “Territorialisation” processes appear. To reduce the conflicts and the environment damages due to sometimes inadequate organized human frequentation, it is necessary to act while enhancing the cultural identities linked to the coast some of them are in complete evolution. In this context, politics and administrators show strongly their wishes to find a balance between a demographic increase and inheritance protection. Indeed, a thought and tools have been developed to achieve this aim. To understand and eventually to analyze a territory frequentation we must answer to six key questions: How many people? Who are they? Where do they come from? What are their practices? Why do they come here and not somewhere else? What are the impacts due to the frequentation? The understanding and the analysis of the territorial dynamics (mutations, the way the areas are appropriated, the practices) for the frequentation and its impacts on the sensitive natural areas of the coast rely on the combination of the results of the frequentation studies, perception enquiries and the observation data of the Earth. Through an experimental research on the both well distinguished territories, Leucate and “palavasiens” lagoons, we will show developed indicators, as well as the used method to try to define some carrying capacity thresholds
Grâce, Gwenaëlle. "Les infrastructures logistiques et le développement économique territorial : le cas de la Bretagne." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G002.
Full textLogistics, a subject long not fully studied by economic science, becomes a legitimate subject owing to the imperfection of competition. Logistics today is a core part of the internal organization within enterprises. In a context of globalization and the increasing complexity of supply chains is a factor of cost and non cost competitivity. The quality of the logistics infrastructure of a region has become an important factor in attracting new business development. Logistics contributes to the research of mastering available information and reducing uncertainties. Logistics is now more and more in part an outsourced activity, particularly transport and warehousing. The choice of outsourcing, all or in part, of the logistics process calls upon the theory of transaction costs. The demands upon logistics are more and more exacting. Thus, providers must continue to adapt their offer to match their client's needs. Service providers search for profitable markets. From a geographic point of view, this translates by implantations in areas which generate supply chains and can offer outsourced logistics services like those sites located on transport lines starting from Marseille, Lyon, Paris and Lille, which is not the case for Brittany. We have studied most particularly the retail distribution, automobile and agro-business sectors: Brittany must guide its activities via partnerships with logistics companies and local and regional governments so that logistics needs are met in the most efficient manner to protect an dynamic and attractive economic environment
Dupont, Josselin. "L'émergence d'une politique foncière régionale en Bretagne : de l'identification des enjeux à la création d'un établissement public foncier d'Etat." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20020/document.
Full textDuring the last decades, we have experienced a general rise of real estate prices as well as the reinforcement of sustainable development issues. This resulted in a "renewal" of land policy in France, with the development of “Etablissements publics fonciers” (EPF). At the same time, there is a withdrawal from the public sphere against a dominant financial logic. In this context, our thesis questions the need to develop land policy at the regional scale. To do so, we have examined the situation of Brittany on the basis of several partnerships (Regional Council, DREAL and EPF of Brittany, ADEF, COST and joint supervision with the University of Liege), with research materials gathered from three distinct research terrains (in Brittany, in France and in Europe). This leaded to a PhD structured in two main parts: on the one hand, a regional diagnostic on land issues for Brittany with a list of mobilized land data and, on the second hand, an original analysis of the EPF tool. Our results show that Brittany is facing fundamental land issues (fast land artificialization due to specific modes of living and demographic dynamics) that impact in different ways the regional territory (rural-Urban and Armor-Argoat disparities). Ourresults also show that the choice of a regional land policy embodied in the creation of an EPF is at the same time very common from a French perspective and very original from a European perspective. In conclusion, we note that the effectiveness of EPF is not yet actually demonstrated and we propose recommendations to Brittany’s decision-Makers
Le, Berre Iwan. "Mise au point de méthodes d'analyse et de représentation des interactions complexes en milieu littoral." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES1008.
Full textDubois, Alexandre. "Comportement morphodynamique des plages de poche en milieu mésotidal semi-abrité : exemple des plages méridionales de la presqu’île de Rhuys, Bretagne sud." Lorient, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORIS278.
Full textPocket beaches display along rocky shores. In the Rhuys peninsula, they form dune systems baked between headlands sheltering swamps or low areas backshore, which are partially connected to the sea. In a mesotidal regim, the are semi-sheltered by islands and rocky shoals accounting for lower entering swell. The local wind create important wind waves promoting alonshore drift of sediment. This is observed thanks to hydrodynamic and topographic measurements. With an increasing energy input, cross-shore exchanges of sediment are dominant following increasing surf and swash processes. Such exchanges rotate aroud an equilibrium or pivot point less dynamic. Gravity waves and wind waves have an heterogeneous impact in space. Moreover, volumetric variations highlight each pocket beach system running as a single entity. No proof of alongshore by-passing between each beach is identified but a cross-shore connection with the direct nearshore is highly supposed and has to occur only between faults or subtidal rocky shoals. Finally, storm impact depends highly on the storm route and water level. In case of erosion, the beach recover the sediment loss quickly, so the sediment buget remains stable. Nevertheless, through time, sea level rise might create breach by breaking dune system and flood partially the bachshore. The would implie a sedimentary alonshore redistribution, changing significantly the coastline
Le, Béchec Mariannig. "Territoire et communication politique sur le « web régional breton »." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551746.
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