Journal articles on the topic 'Littoral water'
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1
Gafny, Sarig, and Avital Gasith. "Effect of Low Water Level on the Water Quality of the Littoral Zone in Lake Kinneret." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0571.
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Water quality in the shallow littoral of Lake Kinneret was examined during a period of low water levels in 1989-1990. On calm days, no significant difference was found between the water quality on different sites around the lake or between the littoral and the open water. Lowering of the lake level in Lake Kinneret is associated with a major change in the nature of the bottom of the littoral zone in many sites, from rocky substrate in high lake levels (>212m below sea level) to sandy or clay in lower levels. During north-easterly storms, in winter, the concentrations of suspended solids and total phosphorus were markedly higher in leeward littoral sites compared to other regions of the littoral zone. This may be attributed to resuspension of sediments by the wave action over the soft bottom. In rainy winters, runoff, mainly Jordan River input, may locally affect the water quality and result in a north-south gradient.
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Jehl-Pietri, C., B. Hugues, M. Andre, J. Dupont, J. M. Diez, and A. Bosch. "Recherche du virus de l'hépatite A dans le milieu littoral et les coquillages." Journal français d’hydrologie 24, no. 1 (1993): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19932401041.
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Losee, Richard F., and Robert G. Wetzel. "Water movement within submersed littoral vegetation." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 23, no. 1 (January 1988): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1987.11897903.
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Finlay, Kerri P., Hélène Cyr, and Brian J. Shuter. "Spatial and temporal variability in water temperatures in the littoral zone of a multibasin lake." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-017.
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Current models of the offshore thermal structure in lakes suggest that the thermal regime inshore should vary seasonally, and should vary systematically from upwind to downwind littoral sites. To test these hypotheses, we measured mean temperature and short-term (<2 days) temporal variability in water temperature at 23 shallow littoral sites in four basins of Lake Opeongo, Ontario, Canada. Water temperature in the littoral zone was most variable, both spatially and temporally, in the spring. Spring water temperature differed by as much as 715°C among littoral sites in different basins (median difference among sites = 24°C). Downwind sites were generally warmer and had more constant temperature than upwind sites, but the magnitude of these differences varied among basins of different sizes and shapes. Simple calculations of growth rates and of fish hatching times suggest that the observed variability in water temperature would result in differences in the productivity of different portions of the littoral zone.
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Kesti, Petri, Minna Hiltunen, Ursula Strandberg, Jussi Vesterinen, Sami Taipale, and Paula Kankaala. "Lake browning impacts community structure and essential fatty acid content of littoral invertebrates in boreal lakes." Hydrobiologia 849, no. 4 (November 22, 2021): 967–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04760-1.
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AbstractMany lakes in the northern hemisphere are browning due to increasing concentrations of terrestrial dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The consequences of lake browning to littoral invertebrates, however, are not fully understood. We analyzed community structure and fatty acid (FA) profiles of littoral invertebrates in humic (DOC-rich) and clear-water lakes in Eastern Finland. We found higher abundance of chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) in humic compared to clear-water lakes, whereas stoneflies (Plecoptera) and mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) were more abundant in clear-water lakes. Taxon explained 65% of the differences in the FA composition of littoral invertebrates. However, the proportion and content of polyunsaturated FAs of several taxa were significantly higher in clear-water lakes compared to humic lakes. Our results reveal differences in both community structure and nutritional quality of littoral invertebrates for fish between humic and clear-water lakes.
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Steedman, Robert J., Robert S. Kushneriuk, and Robert L. France. "Littoral water temperature response to experimental shoreline logging around small boreal forest lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 8 (August 1, 2001): 1638–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-103.
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Shoreline logging did not significantly increase average littoral water temperatures in two small boreal forest lakes in northwestern Ontario, Canada. However, over the early summer monitoring period clearcut shorelines were associated with increases of 12°C in maximum littoral water temperature, and increases of 0.30.6°C in average diurnal temperature range, compared with undisturbed shorelines or shorelines with 30-m shoreline buffer strips. Comparison of simultaneous water temperatures at littoral locations with and without shoreline forest showed that increased temperatures were caused by daytime heating.
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Hunter, J., and D. Rendall. "Water quality in the Inverness and Beauly Firths." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences 91 (1986): 315–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269727000009398.
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SynopsisThe Highland River Purification Board is carrying out a detailed study of the effect of Inverness sewage on the Beauly and Inverness Firths to ascertain the present degree of pollution and the best location for a new outfall. The survey comprises hydrographic work to identify the main currents in the Longman area, analysis of water and sewage quality and surveys of the littoral and sub-littoral fauna.
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Delacroix, P., C. Minjoulat, and S. Cordier. "Les enjeux de la distribution d'eau potable dans un département littoral touristique : La Charente-Maritime." Journal européen d’hydrologie 31, no. 2 (2000): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/20003102121.
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Fonseca, André Luiz dos Santos, Murilo Minello, Claudio Cardoso Marinho, and Francisco de Assis Esteves. "Methane concentration in water column and in pore water of a coastal lagoon (Cabiúnas lagoon, Macaé, RJ, Brazil)." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 47, no. 2 (June 2004): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132004000200018.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate methane concentration in water column and pore water at limnetic and littoral regions of a coastal lagoon. At the littoral region samples were taken from three monospecific macrophytes stands (Typha domingensis, Eleocharis interstincta and Potamogeton stenostachys). The methane concentration in the pore water at the littoral region was higher than the concentration found at the limnetic region in each fraction of the sediment. The higher methane concentration in the superficial fraction of the sediment (0-2 cm) was shown at the P. stenostachys stand (3.7 mM). It was the only significantly different (p<0.05) from the limnetic region. The pore water methane concentration increased with depth at the aquatic macrophytes stands. The methane concentration in the water column did not vary significantly among the sampling sites (p>0.05). It could be concluded that there was a high influence of aquatic macrophytes on the pore water methane concentration.
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Cyr, Hélène. "Effects of wave disturbance and substrate slope on sediment characteristics in the littoral zone of small lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-298.
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Sediment characteristics in the littoral zone of lakes affect the distribution, biomass, and productivity of benthic organisms and affect chemical exchanges with the water column, yet we know very little about their distribution. I tested whether sediment water and organic matter content were related to site exposure and to basin morphology by comparing sediments along 12 transects in three small lakes (area <150 ha). The distribution of sediment water content in small lakes differed from the general patterns described for large lakes and ocean. Sediment water content was generally high in shallow waters (<2-5 m), decreased sharply to 30-50% within 20 m from shore, and increased again in the deeper portion of the littoral zone. Fine sediments were retained in the shallow littoral zone (<1.5 m) at sites with mean fetch <150 m. The maximum depth at which sediments were mixed increased with increasing depth of the wave-mixed layer and with increasing slope of the substrate. The organic matter content (OM) of littoral sediments was closely related to their water content (WC) (log(OM) = -4.7 + 3.0 log(WC), r2 = 0.77, P < 0.001), and sediment organic content was very similar in the upper and lower portions of the littoral zone.
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Matafonov, P. V. "Diversity of littoral zoobenthos in Lake Arakhley (Transbaikalia) during the arid phase." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 908, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/908/1/012020.
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Abstract There is little data available on the zoobenthos of the Baikal region’s eastern periphery water bodies in low-water years. The taxonomic diversity of zoobenthos of the littoral zone of a deep lake (Arakhley, Transbaikalia) was studied in an extremely low-water year, 2017. The zoobenthos of the lake littoral zone was represented by 44 taxa. Chironomids accounted for 41% of the zoobenthos taxonomic diversity, 14% each – gastropods and leeches. The taxonomic diversity of the littoral zoobenthos in different parts of the lake varied from 19 to 24 taxa and averaged 22.3 ± 1.97 taxa. The relationship between taxonomic diversity and depth in Lake Arakhley is described by polynomial dependence. Deviations from the relationship identified at the periphery of vegetation thickets were due to the ecotone effect. Obtained data shows the state of zoobenthos taxonomic diversity under conditions of climate aridization and the reduction of littoral sandy habitats.
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Taniguchi, Glória Massae, Denise de Campos Bicudo, and Pedro Américo Cabral Sennab. "Abiotic variables in littoral-limnetic gradient of an oxbow lake of Mogi-Guaçu River floodplain, Southeastern, Brazil." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 47, no. 6 (November 2004): 961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132004000600016.
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The present study aimed to analyse the abiotic characteristics spatial variability in the littoral-limnetic gradient of the Diogo Pond, Mogi-Guaçu River floodplain, as well as evaluating the hydrological influence on the spatial gradient. During the hydrological cycle, four field trips (high water, flood, low water, and drought) were carried out at three sampling stations: littoral, interface, and limnetic region. Analysis of physical and chemical variables allowed to conclude that the time scale established by the hydrological cycle was the main forcing function over the limnological variability of the Diogo Pond. The relative spatial scale related to littoral-limnetic gradient contributed secondarily to the abiotic variability. Littoral was characterized as a distinct compartment from the other stations during the entire hydrological cycle.
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Nevalainen, Liisa, Kaarina Sarmaja-Korjonen, and Tomi P. Luoto. "Sedimentary Cladocera as indicators of past water-level changes in shallow northern lakes." Quaternary Research 75, no. 3 (May 2011): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.007.
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AbstractThe usability of subfossil Cladocera assemblages in reconstructing long-term changes in lake level was examined by testing the relationship between Cladocera-based planktonic/littoral (P/L) ratio and water-level inference model in a surface-sediment dataset and in a 2000-yr sediment record in Finland. The relationships between measured and inferred water levels and P/L ratios were significant in the dataset, implying that littoral taxa are primarily deposited in shallow littoral areas, while planktonic cladocerans accumulate abundantly mainly in deepwater locations. The 2000-yr water-level reconstructions based on the water-level inference model and P/L ratio corresponded closely with each other and with a previously available midge-inferred water-level reconstruction from the same core, showing a period of lower water level around AD 300–1000 and suggesting that the methods are valid for paleolimnological and -climatological use.
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Lajtner, Jasna, Anna Kozak, Maria Špoljar, Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen, Tvrtko Dražina, Mirela Sertić Perić, Ines Tkalčec, Sanja Gottstein, and Ivana Zrinščak. "Gastropod Assemblages Associated with Habitat Heterogeneity and Hydrological Shifts in Two Shallow Waterbodies." Water 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 2290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152290.
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We aimed to determine the effects of water level and habitat heterogeneity on gastropod fauna in the littoral zone, and the differentiation of functional feeding guilds (FFG) of gastropods. Two periods were analyzed: 2012 (low water level, LWL) and 2013 (high water level, HWL) in the littoral zone of two shallow waterbodies (Sutla backwater, NW Croatia). Waterbody S1, covered with Ceratophyllum demersum, was sampled in the macrophyte stands, and the littoral benthal area, while waterbody S2, without macrophytes, was sampled only in the littoral benthal area. It was observed discovered that among the macrophyte stands in S1, gastropods were significantly more abundant during LWL. The same trend was observed in the littoral benthal area of S2. In contrast, gastropod abundance was higher in the littoral benthal area of S1 during HWL. Comparing gastropods in the two waterbodies, the abundance in S1 was ten times higher than in S2. The most abundant species was Gyraulus parvus, which accounted for 51–92% of the gastropods observed among the macrophytes of S1 and 86% in the adjacent benthic zone. Among the FFG groups, grazers (particularly those feeding on gymnamoebae and rotifers) had the largest proportion, followed by shredders feeding on small pieces of macrophytes. In our research, we indicate the important role of microhabitat diversity and submerged macrophytes as a rich food source for gastropods and safe shelter from predators.
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Kuklin, Alexey P., and Balzhit B. Bazarova. "Macrophytes in the littoral of Lake Arakhley in different states of water regime." Ekológia (Bratislava) 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2019-0018.
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AbstractThe study of aquatic vegetation in the littoral of the dimictic water bodies of taiga is of particular interest in case of long-term observations carried out under conditions of climate fluctuations. During the low-water period, drying of the littoral with a decrease in the water level leads to the changes in phytomass of macrophytes, as well as in the composition of species and their distribution by depth. The area of littoral covered with ice in winter is also large in the low-water period; it affects the growth of perennial plants. When the water level decreases, the sand beach replaces the sand and pebble beach; it leads to the disappearance of epilithon and the predominance of rooting plants. The features of vegetation were determined for each period of water content. The low-water period is characterised mostly by grass-type vegetation; the high-water period is characterised by vegetation of mixed type.
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Donato-R., Jhon C., and Santiago R. Duque. "Littoral areas of Amazonian floodplain lakes: a biological reserve to biodiversity loss." Limnetica 42, no. 1 (January 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.23818/limn.42.07.
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Carbon from aquatic plants and periphyton in littoral zones subsidize food webs. Field work was carried out in two different lake types in the Colombian Amazon: a várzea (Yahuarcaca) and an igapó (Pacatúa). Plants in the littoral zone of várzea Lake had higher photosynthetic biomass compared to the plants of the littoral zone of igapó, but differences in root biomass were not significant. The two littoral zones contained a relatively high species richness and diversity (Shannon-Wiener Index) of organisms associated with the roots, although no significant differences existed between the two lakes. Littoral areas may be important in relatively isolated and physically fragmented large terrestrial landscapes such as the Amazon basin.
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Bajorunas, L. "LITTORAL TRANSPORT IN THE GREAT LAKES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 7 (January 29, 2011): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v7.20.
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The Great Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario extend almost to the middle of the North American Continent. With their 95,000 square miles of water surface and their three navigable connections with the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, they affect the well-being of about 4.0 million people living within their vicinity in Canada and the United States. Possessing a shoreline of 6,600 miles, these waters have been called the fourth coast of the continent along with the Atlantic, Gulf, and Pacific coasts. This paper analyzes one of the many problems of the Great Lakes, the littoral transport problem.
Littoral transport has been defined as the movement of material along the shore in the littoral zone by waves and currents. The material thus transported is referred to as the littoral drift. The littoral drift originates from the beach material, being picked up by the water and transported along the shore and deposited in another location. Shore erosion, littoral transport, and deposition of drift are all factors in the littoral process.
A knowledge of the littoral process is important for many engineering projects including the construction and maintenance of shoreline harbors. The harbor breakwater extending from the shore into deep water forms a littoral barrier, and by stopping the transport action causes the depositio of drift on the updrift side. If the breakwater does not entirely stop the transport, or when the storage area on the updrift side is filled, the drift will bypass the breakwater and fill the dredged navigation channel causing frequent and expensive maintenance dredging. This problem is especially important in the small harbors on the Great Lakes planned every 25 to 30 miles as refuge for fishing and pleasure boats. These harbors have a rather small capacity for littoral drift, and the costs of maintenan dredging of so many entrance channels would be almost prohibitive.
In order to provide data required for the design and economic evaluation of the small refuge harbors on the Great .Lakes, the United States Lake Survey, Corps of Engineers, conducted a study of the best method of estimating the rate of littoral transport along the shores of the Great Lakes. Although much of the data used in this paper was taken from the above study, the views and
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McCarty, James A., and Cody B. Hudson. "Water Exchanges and Phosphorus Flux between a Reservoir and Eutrophic Littoral Zone." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 1 (2021): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13979.
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HighlightsConvective currents led to hydraulic flux and transport of P between bottom and surface waters of the littoral zone.Hydraulic flux was primarily into the bottom of the cove and out of the cove along the surface.Eutrophic littoral areas are a significant source of P to the photic zone of reservoirs, supporting algal growth.Abstract. Eutrophication of surface waters is defined by excessive algal growth, with consequences for drinking water treatment. The sources of phosphorus (P) in southern U.S. reservoirs that fuel peak algal productivity in late summer are still not fully understood. One potential source is reservoir littoral zones, which have been described as the most productive zone of a waterbody. A shallow cove named Granny Hollow in Beaver Lake, northwest Arkansas, was selected as an isolated and semi-controlled location to measure and model sources of P and its transport in a littoral area for the month of July 2018. Hydraulic and P fluxes between the reservoir and littoral area were quantified through field measurements and a 3D lake model. In quantifying hydraulic flux for the month of July, the model indicated that water tended to move into the cove along the bottom and out along the top, with a net hydraulic flux out of the cove of -723,000 m3. Peak surface velocity in the cove averaged 2.09 cm s-1 for the month of July, while peak bottom velocity was 1.29 cm s-1. Diurnally, water movement switched directions, moving out of the cove along the surface during differential heating and into the cove along the surface during differential cooling due to thermoconvective flow. During differential heating, the water velocity and hydraulic flux to the main reservoir channel along the surface of the cove were greater than the velocity and flux in the opposite direction during differential cooling. The sources of P within the cove during July included P released from bottom sediments within the cove and littoral zone and transport of P from the reservoir channel to the cove. Transport of P from the main reservoir into the cove was a result of thermoconvective flow. During differential heating, bottom waters from the main reservoir channel were transported to the surface within the littoral zone by thermoconvective currents flowing upslope from deeper to shallower waters. This resulted in P exchange between the reservoir and littoral area and is significant because it represents movement of P from the bottom of the reservoir upward into the photic zone, where it can be used for algal productivity. During July 2018, it was estimated that 13.3 kg of P were transported from the bottom of the cove to the surface by convective currents and subsequently out of the cove. This study shows that eutrophic coves represent a significant source of P to the reservoir and more importantly to the photic zone, supporting algal growth. Keywords: 3D reservoir model, Eutrophication, Internal loading, Thermoconvective flow.
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Montiel-Martínez, Aideé, Jorge Ciros-Pérez, and Gabriel Corkidi. "Littoral zooplankton–water hyacinth interactions: habitat or refuge?" Hydrobiologia 755, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2231-3.
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Lavin, P. A., and J. D. McPhail. "Adaptive Divergence of Trophic Phenotype among Freshwater Populations of the Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-305.
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We investigated differences in the morphological and behavioural contributions to foraging success among three morphotypes (open-water, littoral, and intermediate) of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from a single drainage system on Vancouver Island. Stomach contents from wild samples showed diet to be dependent on morphotype. Interpopulation differences in trophic morphology were associated with differences in foraging success on given prey types. The longer jaw of the bottom-browsing littoral morphotype allowed it to ingest significantly larger prey then either the intermediate or open-water populations. In addition, the littoral type spent less time manipulating benthic prey then either the open-water or intermediate morphotype. The latter observation is independent of interpopulation differences in jaw length. Both the planktivorous open-water morphotype and intermediate morphotypes were superior foragers in experiments on water column prey. The differences in water column foraging success are associated with interpopulation differences in gill raker morphology. Our results support the conclusion that inter population divergence in trophic phenotype is an adaptive response to differences in the primary trophic resources available in lakes of different morphometry.
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Špoljar, Maria, Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen, Tvrtko Dražina, Jelena Fressl, Ivančica Ternjej, Tea Tomljanović, Chen Zhang, Marija Purgar, Marko Čorkalo, and Lana Kekelj. "Sediment as a Refuge Spot for Planktonic Crustaceans." Water 14, no. 11 (May 24, 2022): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14111680.
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The littoral zone of shallow water bodies (SWB) is often considered in relation to predator–prey interactions. In this study we assumed that the littoral sediment serves as a refuge for planktonic microcrustaceans, mediated by size-dependent fish predation. In order to recognise the impact of fish on their prey, we determined: (i) the assemblage and size structure of crustaceans and fish; and (ii) the biotic interactions along the gradient of the heterogeneity of the littoral zone. The results showed that in the sediment of macrophyte-dominated SWB, large-sized cladocerans predominated and were preyed upon by smaller-sized fish. In the sediment of macrophyte-absent SWB, large-sized copepods dominated, due to the predation risk of larger-sized fish. Cladoceran females with egg broods mostly selected sediment as shelter. Cladocera/Copepoda ratios were lower in the littoral of vegetated SWB, and higher in unvegetated SWB. The ratios in the adjacent sediment revealed an opposite pattern. It is important to point out the findings of planktonic crustacean species in the sediment of SWB are not recorded in the littoral water. The result of this study will contribute to the knowledge of defence strategy mechanisms developed by zooplankters against predators.
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Strayer, David L., Kathryn A. Hattala, and Andrew W. Kahnle. "Effects of an invasive bivalve (Dreissena polymorpha) on fish in the Hudson River estuary." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 924–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-043.
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Despite predictions that the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion of North America would damage fisheries, analyses of actual effects on fish have been few and equivocal. We analyze 26 years of data on fish populations in the Hudson River to quantify changes associated with the zebra mussel invasion. Based on our measurements of changes in the lower food web, we predicted that populations of open-water fish species (e.g., Alosa spp.) would suffer and populations of littoral fish species (e.g., Centrarchidae) would prosper from the zebra mussel invasion. We found that the median decrease in abundance of open-water species was 28%, whereas the median increase in abundance of littoral species was 97%. Populations of open-water species shifted downriver away from the zebra mussel population, whereas those of littoral species shifted upriver. Median apparent growth rates fell by 17% among open-water species and rose by 12% in the single littoral species studied. Many of the observed changes were large and involved species of commercial or recreational importance (e.g., American shad (Alosa sapidissima), black basses (Micropterus spp.)). The influence of zebra mussels on fish should vary widely across ecosystems as a function of system morphology, factors that limit primary production, and diets of the fish species.
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Bashinskiy, Ivan W. "Beaver-created microhabitats in a small water body and their impact on flora and fauna (the Khoper River floodplain, Russia)." International Journal of Limnology 58 (2022): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2022016.
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This study shows how beaver digging activity can affect water body morphology and local biota under modern environmental conditions in a small floodplain lake. The total area of microhabitats created by beavers was found to reach 7% of water body area and 30% of littoral-zone area. It was noted that the zoogenic microhabitats are different when depth is greater and plant cover is smaller, especially of emergent vegetation. Helophytes Sparganium erectum and Alopecurus aequalis were found to prefer the beaver-unaffected part of the littoral. Invertebrates Naucoris sp. and Hydrophilus sp. prefer beaver microhabitats, whereas Planorbis planorbis, Lymnaea palustris, and Hydrous sp. prefer thickets of emergent plants in beaver-unaffected littoral areas. Adult crucian carps Carassius carassius proved to be abundant in the beaver-unaffected part of the water body, while the adult weatherfish Misgurnus fossilis prefers beaver burrows, and its fry inhabit beaver-unaffected sites. A similar situation was observed for marsh frogs Pelophylax ridibundus: adults prefer beaver microhabitats in June, but frog tadpoles mainly inhabit a beaver-unaffected littoral. Tadpoles of Pelobates vespertinus proved to be slightly aggregated near beaver burrows in July. The beaver activity was found to slightly increase β-diversity within the water body according to Jaccard indices. The results confirm that the beaver-created heterogeneity is important for aquatic biota under conditions of shallowing of floodplain water bodies.
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Monod, J. L., Th Schembri, and A. Arnoux. "Evolution des PCB dans un environnement littoral méditerranéen depuis la mise en application de l'arrêté ministériel de Juillet 1975." Journal français d’hydrologie 18, no. 2 (1987): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19871802131.
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Rasmussen, Joseph B. "Littoral Zoobenthic Biomass in Lakes, and Its Relationship to Physical, Chemical, and Trophic Factors." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1436–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-168.
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The hypothesis that littoral morphometry exerts a strong effect on zoobenthic biomass was tested in Lake Memphremagog, Quebec–Vermont, by regression analysis of the relationship between littoral zoobenthic biomass and littoral slope, exposure (Lake area visible from sampling site), and trophic status (micrograms of chlorophyll a per litre). Eighty-one percent of the variance in Log littoral zoobenthic biomass (LZB) could be explained by[Formula: see text]When the predictions from this relationship were compared with littoral zoobenthos estimates from other lakes, residuals were positively correlated with the calcium concentration of the water (r = 0.41) and negatively correlated with the chloride concentration (r = −0.51). The regression equation obtained for all of the sites was[Formula: see text]and explained 80% of the variation in Log LZB. Sites situated within deltas from stream inflows did not differ significantly from these that did not (ANCOVA), indicating that coarse allochthonous input from these fluvial sources was not a major factor determining littoral zoobenthic biomass in these lakes.
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Gutreuter, Steve, Andrew D. Bartels, Kevin Irons, and Mark B. Sandheinrich. "Evaluation of the flood-pulse concept based on statistical models of growth of selected fishes of the Upper Mississippi River system." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 56, no. 12 (December 1, 1999): 2282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f99-161.
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The flood-pulse concept (FPC) states that annual inundation is the principal force responsible for productivity and biotic interactions in river-floodplain systems. Somatic growth is one component of production, and we hypothesized that, if the FPC applies, growth of fishes that use the moving littoral zone should differ among years with differing flood pattern, whereas nonlittoral fishes would show no such response. Growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), species that exploit littoral resources, increased during a year having an unusual warm-season flood in the Upper Mississippi River system and was reduced during low-water years. Growth of white bass (Morone chrysops), which do not rely heavily on the littoral zone, did not differ significantly between the extreme-flood and low-water years. Patterns of growth of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), which have intermediate dependence on the moving littoral zone, were somewhat ambiguous. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the FPC applies, at least under certain conditions, to this temperate river system. Our results can also provide an important basis from which to assess some costs and benefits of water level management strategies in large regulated temperate rivers.
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SANTOS-WISNIEWSKI, M. J., O. ROCHA, A. M. GÜNTZEL, and T. MATSUMURA-TUNDISI. "Cladocera Chydoridae of high altitude water bodies (Serra da Mantiqueira), in Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Biology 62, no. 4a (November 2002): 681–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000400016.
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The diversity of species of Cladocera, Chydoridae in the water bodies belonging to the water management unity of Serra da Mantiqueira, was studied inside the BIOTA/FAPESP Program. A total of 21 water bodies were analyzed and the sampling was carried out between 9th and 11th September, 1999. Horizontal and vertical net hauls were taken at littoral and limnetic region in each lake. Most water bodies in Serra da Mantiqueira unity are small, shallow, and densely colonized by macrophytes. Most species of Cladocera found belong to the Chydoridae family, being typical inhabitants of the littoral zone, living associated with macrophytes. A total of 12 species were found, 9 of the subfamily Aloninae and 3 Chydorinae. In more than half of the water bodies the relative abundance of chydorids reached 100%, and they were dominant in most of the others, with few exceptions. Alona rustica was the most frequent species, occurring in 62% of the water bodies. The results evidenced the importance of the littoral zone as propitious habitats for the species of Chydoridae and contributing significantly to the diversity of Cladocera as a whole.
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Matern, S., T. Klefoth, C. Wolter, and R. Arlinghaus. "Environmental determinants of fish abundance in the littoral zone of gravel pit lakes." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 10 (April 5, 2021): 2449–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04563-4.
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AbstractThe type and extent of habitats along the shoreline specify the distribution of fish in the littoral zone of lakes, but effects are likely species and size-specific and might be overwhelmed by lake-level environmental factors that drive fish abundance (e.g. trophic state). We applied a replicated transect-sampling design by electrofishing assessing fish abundance and distribution along the banks of 20 gravel pit lakes in Lower Saxony (Germany). Boosted regression trees were used to analyse the impact of different characteristic habitat types (e.g. vegetated, woody or open water zones), shoreline water depth and lake-level environmental variables on species-specific fish abundances. In contrast to earlier studies, lake-level environment and transect-level habitat type similarly influenced the abundances of differently sized fish species in the littoral zone of gravel pit lakes. The abundance of almost all fish species increased with lake productivity and extent of structured littoral habitats, mostly following non-linear relationships. Our work suggests that investments into the quality of littoral habitat, and not merely the control of nutrient inputs or other lake-level environmental factors, can promote abundance of most gravel pit lake fish species, in particular those who depend on the littoral zone for at least part of their life-cycle.
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Li, Gang, Hongli Li, Meng Yang, Ting Lei, Mingxiang Zhang, Peter Bridgewater, Shuhong Wu, and Guangchun Lei. "Seasonal and diurnal methane and carbon dioxide emissions from the littoral area of the Miyun Reservoir in Beijing, China." Marine and Freshwater Research 69, no. 5 (2018): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf17114.
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Reservoirs have been regarded as hot spots for greenhouse gas emissions since the 1990s. However, there is scant research about littoral zones of reservoirs. In the present study, static closed chamber and gas chromatograph techniques were used to measure methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) flux in the littoral area of a temperate reservoir from 2009 to 2010. The littoral area comprises three zones, namely supralittoral, eulittoral and infralittoral. The patterns of CH4 and CO2 emissions from these three littoral zones were significantly different during the sampling periods, with the eulittoral zone having the highest CH4 flux and the supralittoral zone having the highest CO2 flux. Temperature and biomass correlated with CH4 and CO2 emissions. Measurement of CO2 emissions after removing vegetation varied in each zone and according to time of sampling. A large littoral area of the reservoir sampled herein will be submerged and converted to a pelagic area with deep standing water after the South to North Water Transfer Project is completed, in 2050. The results of the present study suggest further research and monitoring are needed, and should focus on likely effects of extreme climate events and the effects of human-mediated factors on greenhouse gas emissions.
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Engel, Sandy. "THE RESTRUCTURING OF LITTORAL ZONES." Lake and Reservoir Management 3, no. 1 (January 1987): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07438148709354779.
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Brewer, Carol, and Michael Parker. "Distribution and Composition of Substrate in the Littoral Zone in Jackson Lake, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 9 (January 1, 1985): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1985.2483.
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The composition of sediments varies both horizontally and vertically in a lake. The distribution of sediment types is related not only to basin geomorphology, but also to the effect of turbulent water as it moves substrate particles in the littoral zone. Definite patterns of erosion and deposition in lakes have been described by many limnologists (e.g., Hutchinson, 1957; Spence, 1982; Keddy, 1982, 1983, 1984). Sedimentation and the quality of sediments as a nutrient source affect the ability of macrophytes to colonize and persist in the littoral habitat. The ability to root in a particular area is directly related to the extent which a substrate can anchor the potentially large plants (Spence, 1982). On erosional shores, suspended sediments abrade rooted plants and may cause damage and breakage. On the other hand, the macrophyte community stabilizes bottom sediments and their presence leads to increased water clarity as particulates settle out due to reduced water currents within plant beds. Since the relationship between plants and sediments is well known, our objective was to measure the distribution and composition of the sediments in the littoral zone of the lake. Then we could relate the distribution of substrate to the distribution we had measured for macrophytes in the littoral zone.
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Tsvetkov, V. Ya, and V. V. Oznamets. "Littoral monitoring using unmanned aerial vehicle." Geodesy and Cartography 959, no. 5 (June 20, 2020): 2–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-959-5-2-10.
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The authors explore the littoral as a natural phenomenon using geodetic methods. Littoral is an areal object and is closely related to coastal abrasion. The abrasion destroys the coastal zone. Preventing the destruction of the coastal zone requires monitoring the littoral, forming its model and that of littoral dynamics. Littoral and dynamo models enable developing recommendations for protecting the coastal zone. Having remote sensing data only we are unable to perform littoral monitoring efficiently. It does not ensure the accuracy and relevance of the state of the coastal zone. The monitoring task can only be solved with the use of integrated geodetic support.This support includes geodetic work and the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle for monitoring the littoral. The authors explore littoral as a natural phenomenon. A new method of obtaining spatial coordinates using images obtained from UAVs is described. The essence of the methodology is determining spatial coordinates using single images. The technology includes the use of water level sensors to define the exact height of the survey. The methodology involves the use of satellite navigation equipment to determine the coordinates of the camera at the time of shooting. Special here is that the littoral boundary is a fuzzy object calculated on the basis of statistical data. The research shows that the geodetic technologies are the basis of the integrated one. The authors providethe analysis of the situation and suggest measures for monitoring the coastline.
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Adamczuk, Małgorzata. "Spatial Distribution of Cladocera in a Stratified Palaearctic Lake." Water 14, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 2667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172667.
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The spatial distribution of 39 species of Chydoridae, representing seven families, was examined in a stratified Palaearctic lake in Poland (Lake Piaseczno). Thirty-one of the species living in that lake were found to exist exclusively in the littoral zone. No species were found exclusively in the pelagic zone; in this zone, eight species were identified, but all of these were also quite abundant in the littoral zone. Almost all species of Chydoridae and all species of Macrothricidae were found only in littoral, whereas Daphnidae and Sididae families comprised species either restricted to the littoral or occurring in both pelagic and littoral zones. Two Bosminidae species, in turn, displayed quite a consistent distribution in both biotic zones, but differed in their habitat preferences. On the other hand, species of Polyphemidae and Leptodoridae exhibited littoral and littoral-pelagic distributions, respectively. Few species occurred in one habitat only. Most species, despite showing clear preferences for a distinct habitat (or habitats), were also present at lower densities throughout the littoral zone, or the whole lake, in the case of limnetic species. Archetype analysis showed that cladocerans were distributed along the entire gradient of macrophyte characteristics and habitat depth. Among Chydoridae, which displayed the strongest attachment to habitats overgrown by macrophytes, few species showed above 50% similarity to the archetype representing species living among submerged macrophytes with the highest plant per volume infested. Furthermore, many littoral species, including these of the Macrothricidae family, P. pediculus and S. mucronata, avoided staying in habitats with particularly complicated spatial architecture. Regarding their distribution in relation to depth, cladocerans could be grouped into species found in the whole littoral zone, species settling in relatively shallow parts of the littoral zone, species found mainly in habitats 3–6 m deep and species settling throughout the lake. Archetype analysis showed negligible similarity between cladocerans and the archetype representing species living in macrophyte-free habitats in the deepest parts of the lake. The study provides quantitative support showing that cladocerans display a distribution threshold at one time in one lake. Although this group of aquatic invertebrates is widely suspected of being ecologically flexible and tolerant to environmental gradients, individual species showed high spatial segregation according to depth and habitat architecture.
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Guzzo, Matthew M., Paul J. Blanchfield, and Michael D. Rennie. "Behavioral responses to annual temperature variation alter the dominant energy pathway, growth, and condition of a cold-water predator." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 37 (August 14, 2017): 9912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702584114.
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There is a pressing need to understand how ecosystems will respond to climate change. To date, no long-term empirical studies have confirmed that fish populations exhibit adaptive foraging behavior in response to temperature variation and the potential implications this has on fitness. Here, we use an unparalleled 11-y acoustic telemetry, stable isotope, and mark–recapture dataset to test if a population of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), a cold-water stenotherm, adjusted its use of habitat and energy sources in response to annual variations in lake temperatures during the open-water season and how these changes translated to the growth and condition of individual fish. We found that climate influenced access to littoral regions in spring (data from telemetry), which in turn influenced energy acquisition (data from isotopes), and growth (mark–recapture data). In more stressful years, those with shorter springs and longer summers, lake trout had reduced access to littoral habitat and assimilated less littoral energy, resulting in reduced growth and condition. Annual variation in prey abundance influenced lake trout foraging tactics (i.e., the balance of the number and duration of forays) but not the overall time spent in littoral regions. Lake trout greatly reduced their use of littoral habitat and occupied deep pelagic waters during the summer. Together, our results provide clear evidence that climate-mediated behavior can influence the dominant energy pathways of top predators, with implications ranging from individual fitness to food web stability.
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Yang, M., X. M. Geng, J. Grace, Y. F. Jia, Y. Z. Liu, S. W. Jiao, L. L. Shi, C. Lu, Y. Zhou, and G. C. Lei. "Responses of N<sub>2</sub>O flux to water level fluctuation and other environmental factors at littoral zone of Miyun Reservoir: a comparison with CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 7 (April 2, 2015): 5333–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-5333-2015.
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Abstract. There have been only a few studies that allow us to estimate the contribution of newly-created reservoirs to greenhouse gas budgets. In particular, information is limited for understanding the spatiotemporal variation of N2O flux and the underlying mechanisms in the littoral zone where complex biochemical processes are induced by water level fluctuations. A study was carried out at five different water levels (deep water area, shallow water area, seasonally flooded area, control site for seasonally flooded area and non-flooded area) at the littoral zone of a temperate reservoir using the static chamber technique. Seasonal and spatial variations of N2O flux and environmental factors were monitored throughout the growing season including a flood event during summer rains. The N2O flux ranged from −2.29 to 182.47 μg m−2 h−1. Non-flooded dry land emitted more N2O than flooded land, no matter whether it was permanently or seasonally flooded. However, no significant difference was observed between seasonally flooded sites and their control sites. Wind speed, air temperature, soil water content, dissolved oxygen in water and soil nitrate influenced N2O flux significantly. In order to know the contrasting characteristics of N2O and CH4 fluxes in the littoral zone of the reservoir, results were compared with a previous study on CH4 emission carried out at the same sites and time with comparable methods. It showed that N2O flux and CH4 flux was influenced by distinct factors and in differing ways. This work highlights the complexity of N2O flux at the littoral zone. The different response ways of N2O and CH4 to environments implies the big challenge of greenhouse gas emission control through ecosystem management.
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Duarte, Carlos M., and Jacob Kalff. "Patterns in the Submerged Macrophyte Biomass of Lakes and the Importance of the Scale of Analysis in the Interpretation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-037.
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The relative contributions of lake characteristics (i.e. alkalinity, chlorophyll A concentration, total phosphorus concentration, conductivity, and morphometry) and site characteristics (i.e. depth, littoral slope, exposure to waves, and underwater light levels) to the variability in submerged biomass were examined in 25 Canadian and American lakes. Lake-average submerged biomass is a function of water alkalinity and the lake-average littoral slope whereas site-specific biomass is a function of both site and lake characteristics. Plant biomass decreased with increasing slope and wave exposure and increased with increasing alkalinity and light levels. However, these relationships are complex because submerged biomass is also influenced by threshold phenomena (e.g. critical littoral slopes and transparency-dependent critical depths) that set limits to macrophyte colonization and because the relative contributions of the most relevant environmental factors studied (i.e. littoral slope, exposure, water transparency, and alkalinity) are depth dependent. By demonstrating the importance of lake-average and site-specific scales of variation and the existence of noncontinuous (e.g. threshold) regulation mechanisms the findings provide a new conceptual framework for the study of the relationship between submerged macrophytes, and their associated biota as well as their environment.
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Torma, Péter, and Chin Wu. "Temperature and Circulation Dynamics in a Small and Shallow Lake: Effects of Weak Stratification and Littoral Submerged Macrophytes." Water 11, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010128.
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In this paper, the effects of littoral submerged macrophytes on weak stratification conditions in a small and shallow lake are investigated. Diverse submerged macrophytes occupying a large portion of the littoral zone act as resistance to water motions and affect lake hydrodynamics. Strong solar radiation and mild wind forcing typically occurring during the summer season result in weak stratification characterized by a diurnal cycle with a temperature differential of 1–3 °C. Temperature and circulation dynamics of a small and shallow lake are depicted by extensive field measurements and a three-dimensional non-hydrostatic model with a generic length scale (GLS) approach for the turbulence closure and drag forces induced by macrophytes. Results show that the effects of macrophytes on velocity profiles are apparent. In the pelagic area, the circulation patterns with and without macrophytes are similar. The velocity profile is generally characterized by a two-layer structure with the maximum velocity at both the water surface and the mid-depth. In contrast, inside the littoral zone, the mean flow is retarded by macrophytes and the velocity profile is changed to only one maximum velocity at the surface with a steeper decrease until 2.0 m depth and another slight decrease to the lake bottom. From the whole lake perspective, littoral macrophytes dampen the horizontal water temperature difference between the upwind side and download side of the lake. Macrophytes promote a stronger temperature stratification by retarding mean flows and reducing vertical mixing. Overall, this study shows that the temperature structures and circulation patterns under weak stratification conditions in a small and shallow lake are strongly affected by littoral vegetation.
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Horsch, G. M., and H. G. Stefan. "Convective circulation in littoral water due to surface cooling." Limnology and Oceanography 33, no. 5 (September 1988): 1068–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1988.33.5.1068.
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HORIE, Takeshi. "Modeling of water quality and ecosystems in littoral zone." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 417 (1990): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.1990.417_21.
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Cifoni, Marco, Angela Boggero, Diana Galassi, and Tiziana Di Lorenzo. "An Overview of Studies on Meiofaunal Traits of the Littoral Zone of Lakes." Water 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040473.
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We carried out an overview of the studies on the traits of the meiofauna of the littoral zone of lakes to investigate the question relating to the Raunkiaeran shortfall (lack of knowledge on biological traits). For this purpose, we selected a series of keywords associated with response and effect traits (feeding habits, locomotion and substrate relation, body size, shape and mass, life history, reproductive strategy, respiration and thermal tolerance) and we counted the relative frequency of occurrence in a set of scientific papers retrieved from Web of Science. The results showed that, except for the traits related to diet and feeding habits, the Raunkiaeran shortfall is very pronounced for all meiofaunal taxa of the littoral zone of lakes, especially for those related to soft-bodied organisms. The reason behind this deficiency concerns many aspects ranging from the high taxonomic expertise required to the intrinsic difficulties of observing organisms of such a small size. The relationship with temperature has not been sufficiently explored and formalized in any of the examined traits; this research aspect needs to be rapidly addressed since the prospects of climate change impacts on lake littorals are expected to be particularly severe.
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Nowak, Bogumił, and Agnieszka E. Lawniczak-Malińska. "The Influence of Hydrometeorological Conditions on Changes in Littoral and Riparian Vegetation of a Meromictic Lake in the Last Half-Century." Water 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 2651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122651.
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Changes in water levels in lakes play an important role in the development of their coastal zones and water trophy. The aim of this study was to assess the role of changes in hydrometeorological conditions in the development of littoral and riparian vegetation of a meromictic lake during the last half-century. The study was carried out in Lake Powidzkie, one of the largest water reservoirs located in central Poland. Water level and meteorological conditions were analyzed in the period 1961–2015. Modifications in the range of plant communities were analyzed on the basis of cartographic materials and field studies. Meteorological conditions, especially precipitation and evaporation, were found to strongly affect the lake's water retention, whilst they had less of an effect on water levels. A significant effect of the lowering of the water level in Lake Powidzkie on the development of the littoral zone, whose area more than doubled over the last half-century, from 41.5 to 118.8 ha, was noted. The most dynamic development of the littoral was observed in the last quarter of the century, in which three of several years of low-flow were recorded. The occurrence of periods with an increased amount of precipitation, after dry periods, did not contribute to the reduction of the size of the rush zone and limitation of the development of woody vegetation.
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Korwa, Junet I. S., Esry T. Opa, and Rignolda Djamaludin. "CHARACTERISTIC OF LITORAL SEDIMENT ON SINDULANG SATU COASTAL." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.1.1.2013.1378.
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Coastal area is defined as the interface point where sea and land meet. To the land the area is limited to the area influenced by the sea factors (wind, tide, and sea water infiltration), while to the sea is limited to the area influenced by the land factors. Special concern need to be addressed in regarding to the use of coastal area. As part of the coastal area, littoral zone is very dynamics due to factors of oceanography and human activities. The same fact is experienced by the littoral zone in Sindulang Satu. Physical change has been the fact in this littoral zone. In relation to the change, it is considered of importance to describe and analysis the characteristics of the sediment and related oceanography factors. Result of observation indicated that sediment in the littoral zone consist of fine sand, medium sand, very fine sand, coarse sand and pebbles. Silt and boulder were also found. Distribution of sediment granulometry showed that the littoral zone was dominated by fine sand material, bad sorted, asymetrical to small size and symmetrical granulometry, and mesokurtic. Tidal current is the type of current working in the littoral zone and it plays importance role in the sediment.
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Korwa, Junet I. S., Esry T. Opa, and Rignolda Djamaludin. "CHARACTERISTIC OF LITORAL SEDIMENT ON SINDULANG SATU COASTAL." JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS 1, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35800/jplt.1.1.2013.1630.
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Coastal area is defined as the interface point where sea and land meet. To the land the area is limited to the area influenced by the sea factors (wind, tide, and sea water infiltration), while to the sea is limited to the area influenced by the land factors. Special concern need to be addressed in regarding to the use of coastal area. As part of the coastal area, littoral zone is very dynamics due to factors of oceanography and human activities. The same fact is experienced by the littoral zone in Sindulang Satu. Physical change has been the fact in this littoral zone. In relation to the change, it is considered of importance to describe and analysis the characteristics of the sediment and related oceanography factors. Result of observation indicated that sediment in the littoral zone consist of fine sand, medium sand, very fine sand, coarse sand and pebbles. Silt and boulder were also found. Distribution of sediment granulometry showed that the littoral zone was dominated by fine sand material, bad sorted, asymetrical to small size and symmetrical granulometry, and mesokurtic. Tidal current is the type of current working in the littoral zone and it plays importance role in the sediment.
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Lauster, George H., Paul C. Hanson, and Timothy K. Kratz. "Gross primary production and respiration differences among littoral and pelagic habitats in northern Wisconsin lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 63, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 1130–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f06-018.
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Net ecosystem production (NEP) trends among lakes have been ascribed to differences in nutrient and allochthonous carbon inputs, but little is known on how different habitats within lakes contribute to these trends. We sampled pelagic and littoral surface waters using sonde (i.e., free-water) and bottle methods concurrently in lakes spanning a range of trophic conditions. We considered whether the typically higher metabolism estimates found with sonde methods are due to contributions from littoral habitats not reflected by bottle estimates. We sought the source of littoral contributions by selecting sites with maximum differences in macrophyte abundance. Sonde estimates for pelagic primary production and respiration were twothree times greater than bottle estimates. Sonde/bottle ratios were higher in productive lakes and lakes with more littoral area. Bottle estimates were similar among all sites, and sonde estimates in macrophyte-poor sites were similar to pelagic sondes. However, sonde estimates in macrophyte-rich areas were fournine times greater than bottle estimates. Results suggest littoral zones increase whole-lake NEP in eutrophic systems, whereas the Sphagnum mat surrounding dystrophic lakes decreases NEP. Non-planktonic organisms associated with macrophytes provide important littoral contributions to whole-lake metabolism and to understanding NEP trends among lakes.
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Wright, Jonathan C., and Zechariah C. Harris. "Aerial and aquatic respiration in littoral Oniscidea (Isopoda) from Southern California, USA." Journal of Crustacean Biology 40, no. 4 (May 18, 2020): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa023.
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Abstract The large radiation of terrestrial isopods (suborder Oniscidea) includes several families that are represented primarily in marine-littoral or riparian habitats. Among these are members of Ligiidae and Tylidae as well as several basal families within the section Crinocheta. Structural and physiological evidence supports a marine-littoral ancestry of the Oniscidea. We examined aerial and aquatic respiration (measured as VCO2) in six species of marine-littoral Oniscidea representing five families, as well as one riparian and one endogean species. Complimentary data were collected for immersion tolerance and whole-animal permeability in air, and structural specialization of the respiratory pleopods was examined using SEM. Ligia occidentalis Dana, 1853 (marine, littoral) and Ligidium lapetum Mulaik & Mulaik, 1942 (riparian) showed similar VCO2 in air and water. VCO2 in air for the other species was significantly higher than in water. Compared across species, aerial VCO2 scaled with mass in accordance with Kleiber’s law (β = 0.774) while aquatic VCO2 increased in approximate proportion to mass (β = 0.957). At least some specimens of the six marine-littoral species survived over 24 h immersion. Ligidium lapetum and the endogean trichoniscid Brackenridgia heroldi (Arcangeli, 1932) also tolerated prolonged immersion in freshwater but did not survive beyond 5–6 h, probably due to limited capacity for hyper-regulation. The upper shore sand-burrowers, Tylos punctatus Holmes & Gay, 1909 and Alloniscus perconvexus Dana, 1856 had the lowest permeability among the study species and are the only representatives with elaborated pleopodal respiratory fields (Alloniscus) and lungs (Tylos). The ventral lung spiracles of T. punctatus are surrounded by an extensive cuticle meshwork and we propose that this functions as a plastron field to enhance aquatic gas exchange. Collectively, the results show that littoral species tolerate significant periods of immersion, allowing them to withstand habitat inundation during spring high tides, storm swells and, in riparian species, rainstorms and snowmelt.
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Cardinale, B. J., T. M. Burton, and V. J. Brady. "The community dynamics of epiphytic midge larvae across the pelagic–littoral interface: do animals respond to changes in the abiotic environment?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 2314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-138.
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In some littoral systems, abiotic heterogeneity results from the edge of vegetation towards the shore as macrophytes gradually impede mixing between pelagic and littoral water. During the summer of 1994, we investigated whether such abiotic heterogeneity influenced epiphytic midge larvae (Diptera:Chironomidae) inhabiting a stand of Scirpus americanus in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. After macrophytes became well established, gradients in six parameters of water quality (turbidity, alkalinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and chloride) formed horizontally from the macrophyte edge towards the shore. In outer portions of the stand where physico-chemical properties were influenced by the influx of pelagic surface waves, chironomid abundance increased to 1076 larvae · stem-1. Diversity (H prime ) in these areas remained constant over the summer with grazing and filter-feeding taxa equally represented. Further into the macrophyte bed where water quality indicated highly reduced mixing, midge abundance never exceeded 27 individuals · stem-1 and larval biomass was reduced 2-4 fold. Loss of filter-feeding taxa resulted in a dramatic decline in diversity in these areas after formation of the abiotic gradients. This study suggests that pelagic-littoral water exchange may result in environmental heterogeneity that directly or indirectly influences epiphytic invertebrate community structure and function.
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Zhai, Dayou, Jule Xiao, Lang Zhou, Ruilin Wen, Zhigang Chang, Xu Wang, Xindi Jin, Qiqing Pang, and Shigeru Itoh. "Holocene East Asian monsoon variation inferred from species assemblage and shell chemistry of the ostracodes from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia." Quaternary Research 75, no. 3 (May 2011): 512–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.02.008.
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AbstractA sediment core from Hulun Lake, Inner Mongolia was analyzed for species assemblages and shell chemistry of ostracodes to investigate changes in the hydrology and climate of the East Asian summer monsoon margin during the Holocene. Darwinula stevensoni was abundant, Ilyocypris spp. scarce, littoral ostracodes absent and Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and δ18O were low 11,100 to 8300 yr ago, indicating high lake levels and cool/fresh waters. Darwinula stevensoni declined largely, Ilyocypris spp. throve, littoral ostracodes were rare and chemical indicators remained in low values 8300 to 6200 yr ago, suggesting that the lake continued high stands but water became warm. The lake then contracted and water became cool/brackish 6200 to 4300 yr ago. Littoral ostracodes flourished 4300 to 3350 yr ago, marking the lowest lake levels of the entire Holocene. The lake level recovered and water salinity decreased 3350 to 1900 yr ago. From 1900 to 500 yr ago, the lake maintained the preceding status albeit lowered stands and increased salinities 1100 to 800 yr ago. During the recent 500 yr, the lake expanded and water salinity decreased. The data imply that the East Asian summer monsoon did not intensify until 8300 yr ago and weakened dramatically 4300 to 3350 yr ago.
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Wallace Hoffelt, Reo K., and Jonathan P. Doubek. "Bladderwort Relationship to Zooplankton in Two Northern Michigan Lakes." Diversity 15, no. 2 (January 26, 2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020171.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, most of our understanding of lake zooplankton dynamics is from data collected in the pelagic, open water zone. However, the littoral and benthic zones of lakes can play a role in zooplankton community interactions and relationships. Utricularia spp., or the bladderworts, inhabit littoral and shallow waters of lakes and consume zooplankton. Limited information exists on the dietary habits of bladderworts and how diet varies across lakes and seasonally. Bladderwort dietary assemblage in two Michigan, USA, lakes was quantified during the thermally stratified period of 2020, and was compared to zooplankton in the adjacent water column. Bladderwort trap size was positively related to zooplankton prey size, but not number of prey consumed or taxa richness. Bladderworts consumed a variety of prey, the majority dominated by littoral cladoceran and ostracod taxa. Seasonal change was observed, with significantly higher ostracod dominance earlier in the season, shifting into cladoceran dominance later in the season. Ostracods were more commonly found in traps than the water column, whereas Cladocera were more commonly found in the water column than the traps. These results shed light into the dietary habits of bladderworts, which can have consequences for food web dynamics and energy transfer in small lake systems.
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Bereslavskii, É. N. "Mathematical modeling of the intrusion of sea water into littoral sweet-water horizons." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 79, no. 5 (September 2006): 971–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-006-0193-z.
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Olden, Julian D., Oliver Miler, and Alexander Bijaye. "Lake-wide mapping of littoral habitat using underwater videography." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 423 (2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2022018.
Full textAbstract:
Littoral zones − referring to benthic areas above the light compensation depth − provide numerous ecosystem functions, including mediating light, temperature, and nutrient dynamics, and supporting important foraging and refuge areas for macroinvertebrates, fishes and water birds. Habitat assessments of littoral zones remain fundamental to lake and fisheries management, however traditional field surveys are time-intensive and limited in their spatial extent, whereas desktop evaluations using remote sensing and aerial imagery are cost prohibitive and require considerable data processing expertise. In light of these challenges, this study demonstrated the ability to use simple, cost-effective underwater videography to conduct lake-wide spatially-continuous assessments of littoral habitat. For lakes across a gradient of shoreline and riparian development in northwestern United States, we map the areal coverage of macrophytes, coarse woody habitat, bottom substrates, and artificial structures in littoral zones. Underwater videography represents a relevant tool for environmental monitoring because it allows for the estimation of littoral habitats at fine spatial grains across broad spatial extents. Data can also be obtained rapidly and at relatively low cost, providing a permanent record of habitat conditions that can used to monitor trends over time.