Journal articles: 'Littering'

1

Megariza, Megariza, and Laras Sekarasih. "GAMBARAN PENYEBAB TABLE-LITTERING DI KANTIN PADA LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS." Jurnal Ecopsy 5, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v5i2.5042.

Full text

Abstract:

Sampah dan perilaku membuang sampah sembarangan merupakan masalah yang dapat memiliki implikasi kesehatan, estetika, dan sosial. Salah satu bagian dari perilaku menyampah yang belum banyak dibahas dan diintervensi adalah perilaku table-littering, yaitu meninggalkan perlengkapan makan kotor di meja makan kantin atau restoran setelah makan. Perilaku ini menyebabkan kantin atau restoran menjadi kotor dan berantakan. Selain itu, jika ada peralatan makan kotor di meja makan, maka akan menghambat pelanggan selanjutnya yang akan makan di meja tersebut. Belum banyak penelitian yang membahas tentang perilaku ini dan penyebab-penyebabnya. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan penyebab pengunjung kantin melakukan table-littering serta persepsi pengunjung kantin mengenai penyediaan bussing station sebagai opsi solusi untuk mengurangi table-littering. Wawancara semi-terstruktur dilakukan terhadap 20 mahasiswa, 8 penjual makanan di kantin, dan 4 petugas kebersihan. Analisis tema terhadap respons partisipanmenunjukkan lima alasan sebagai penyebab littering: malas, terburu-buru, merasa bahwa membereskan meja adalah tanggung jawab petugas kebersihan, tidak terbiasa, dan lupa. Penyediaan bussingstationdipersepsi sebagai opsi mengurangi table-litteringdi kantin lingkungan universitas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Almosa, Yara, Joy Parkinson, and Sharyn Rundle-Thiele. "Littering Reduction." Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no. 3 (March 7, 2017): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500417697654.

Full text

Abstract:

Littering continues to be a problem worldwide. The purpose of this article is to update earlier systematic reviews on littering and using a scorecard of seven social marketing components, assess the extent of social marketing use in identified littering programs. Following Center for Reviews and Dissemination guidelines, the search included all peer-reviewed studies published between 1995 and 2015 in the English language available through 10 databases. A total of 1,220 articles were initially identified and resulted in a final set of 17 that met the study criteria. The analysis revealed key insights including a lack of social marketing use in litter prevention efforts to date providing an opportunity for future research. Limitations of the current study and opportunities for future research are outlined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Schultz, P. Wesley, Renée J. Bator, Lori Brown Large, Coral M. Bruni, and Jennifer J. Tabanico. "Littering in Context." Environment and Behavior 45, no. 1 (July 28, 2011): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916511412179.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Khawaja, Fatima Salim, and Anwar Shah. "Determinants of Littering: An Experimental Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 52, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v52i2pp.157-168.

Full text

Abstract:

Littering, the improper disposal of small quantities of waste, is one of the main causes of environmental degradation. To protect the environment from this degradation, we need to factor out the determinants of littering behaviour. In this study, we conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to examine whether people would avoid littering if the social cost of this behaviour was internalised. Based on the microeconomic theory relating to externality, we test whether penalising littering decreases its level compared to when it is not.. The results indicate that when the cost of production of littering is internalised, the level of littering drops. JEL Classification: C92, D62 Keywords: Litter, Externality, Private Cost, Internalisation, Experiment, Baseline Treatment, Cost Treatment

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Ibrahim, Hayati, Manohar Mariapan, Evelyn Lim Ai Lin, and Sheena Bidin. "Environmental Concern, Attitude and Intention in Understanding Student’s Anti-Littering Behavior Using Structural Equation Modeling." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084301.

Full text

Abstract:

Concerns about the environment began to rise as various issues such as littering increased. Littering is one of the problems involving the environment, and higher education campuses are also actively practising anti-littering to show their efforts. The aim of this study is to test the relationship between environmental concern, attitude and intention on anti-littering using Theory of Planned Behavior Extended Model. A total of 303 students of the Polytechnic Malaysia campus were respondents in this study and the data were analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling using SPSS Amos 24.0 Statistical Packages. Findings show that there is a direct and indirect effect between environmental concern and student’s anti-littering intention. The indirect result shows that attitude towards anti-littering behavior partially mediates the relationship between environmental concern and anti-littering intention. The implications of the research findings and suggestions for the future study are also included in the study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Akpoghiran, Idamah Patrick. "Engaging media advocacy on self-littering of the environment in Nigeria." Global Journal of Social Sciences 19 (October 30, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v19i1.6.

Full text

Abstract:

Self-littering of the environment has become habit among many Nigerians. People on daily basis littered the environment with all kinds of wastes, and this has affected the aesthetic beauty of the environment.. The study examines media advocacy on self-littering of the environment. The mainobjective of the study was to determine how media advocacy can help to discourage self-littering of the environment. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. A total of 384 respondents were sampled in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria on the subject matter. The results showed that media advocacy can help to discourage self-littering with the adoption of various communication channels. Inhabitants’ are aware that they littered the environment with dirt but change in behaviour is needed. Consistent media advocacy can bring about that needed change to stop self-littering of the environment. Keywords: Environment; Habit; Littering; Media advocacy; Self-Littering

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Saleem, Nadia, Saba Sadiq, and Fatima Raza. "THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CHANGING THE LITTERING BEHAVIOR OF TOURISTS: A PERSPECTIVE OF THE THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 05, no. 02 (June 30, 2023): 925–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v5i02.1204.

Full text

Abstract:

This study explores the role of social media in influencing the littering behavior of tourists and examines its relationship with attitude change, social norms, perceived behavior control, behavioral intention, and actual behavior. The survey-based research collected data from 120 respondents in Islamabad and Rawalpindi in December 2022. The study found a low positive association between social media and attitude change as well as the social norms of tourists. However, social media as a source of information did not directly predict the actual behavior of tourists regarding littering. Nevertheless, there was a low positive relationship between social media usage and the actual behavior of tourists in terms of littering. The study suggests that content and campaigns against littering on social media can positively influence and discourage littering habits among tourists and the public. In summary, the study highlights the potential of social media in driving positive changes in tourists' littering behavior. Keywords: Social media, tourists, behavior, social norms, correlation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mapungwana (PhD), Pheyiye, and Felix Okoye (PhD). "Plastic Littering and Waste Management in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa: Exploring the Snack-Food Consumer Littering and Responsibility towards the Environment." Research and Analysis Journal 4, no. 10 (October 21, 2021): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/raj/v4i10.04.

Full text

Abstract:

The study is located in the discipline of environmental ethics as it explores the snack-food (or plastic) littering and consumer responsibility towards the environment. The theory of consequentialism and Stewardship were used to provide ethical perspectives and background for the reconstruction of the consumers’ social and moral responsibility towards the environment. The study applies mixed research approach. Focus group, interviews and questionnaire were used to collect data; whereas thematic and statistical analysis were used for data analysis. The study finding shows (1) an increased plastic littering in the Pietermaritzburg city; (2) consumers’ indifference towards plastic littering and shifting of cleaning responsibility to the government; and (3) the household plastic-littering consumers indifference towards the consequences of plastic littering to the environment, and the escalating government expenditure towards environmental management. The study recommends an intensified civic responsibility campaign, and anti-littering strategies that can ethically (in)form consumer consciousness and responsibility towards the environment. It also recommends the government to develop a robust policy to control plastic littering. The government must promote a shared sense of responsibility towards the environment by integrating the plastic-producing industries and business dealers into the overall waste management plan. Encouraging plastic recycling businesses must was also recommended.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Boeckh, Martin, and Matthias Janson. "Elbe dominiert beim Littering." ENTSORGA-Magazin 40, no. 3 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0933-3754-2021-3-036.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Tjell, Jens Chr. "Littering - a persistent problem." Waste Management & Research 28, no. 10 (October 2010): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x10383188.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wisti, Erin. "Just Here for Littering." Red Cedar Review 45, no. 1 (2010): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rcr.0.0059.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Johannes, Hendro Putra, Rheza Maulana, and Herdis Herdiansyah. "Prevention of Littering through Improved Visual Design." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 77, no. 4 (December 9, 2021): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.77.4.25043.

Full text

Abstract:

Littering is a daunting environmental issue that occurs daily; the impact of littering can range from lowering the aesthetic appeal of a city to polluting waterways and biomes. Littering persists on a collective and individual level despite the existence of numerous laws and regulations that prohibit it. We assume that there is a correlation between the effectiveness of visual aids and littering behavior. Poorly designed prohibitive signs and inaccessible trash bins could be part of the reason why littering persists. The current research aims to evaluate existing prohibitive signs and trash bins and to design some improvements. The researchers used direct observation methods of visual designs based on socio-psychological persuasion techniques and a questionnaire conducted at the School of Environmental Science of Universitas Indonesia. The results showed that respondents were generally aware of littering being a serious issue that could lead to environmental problems. The university campus was generally clean; however, respondents stated that they often saw plastic trash in sewer and drainage areas. University residents do litter despite adverse social judgment. In addition, respondents stated that they responded better to visually pleasing encouragement posters rather than the standard prohibitive signs on proper waste disposal behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Webler, Thomas, and Karin Jakubowski. "Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors about Cigarette-Butt Littering among College-Aged Adults in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (July 1, 2022): 8085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138085.

Full text

Abstract:

This study reports attitudes, beliefs, and littering behaviors of 7532 college-aged cigarette smokers from across the United States. Four behavioral variables were measured: littering of last cigarette butt, number of butts littered in past 24 h, littering in past month, and ever having littered. Questions about beliefs centered on whether cigarette butts are biodegradable, if butts were harmful to the environment, and if butts are considered to be litter. One attitudinal question focused on whether seeing butts on the ground was bothersome. Littering was most likely among people who believed butts were biodegradable, believed they are not harmful to the environment, do not believe butts are litter, and among those with the attitude that littered butts are not bothersome. Logistic regression analyses found that the strongest influence on littering behavior was the attitude that seeing butts was bothersome. The second-strongest driver was the belief that butts are litter.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Ilias Biala, Musa. "Synthesizing the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to litter control for sustainable waste management." Environmental Economics 10, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.10(1).2019.01.

Full text

Abstract:

Littering has been a subject of inquiry by environmental economists, as well as social and environmental psychologists, each using a different theoretical and analytical toolkit. While economists see littering as an externality problem or a market failure, psychologists see it as a social behavior problem. Regardless of the discipline, both theories have a common goal: What factors affect littering behavior and how can it be curtailed? This paper, therefore, adopts theory-triangulation approach to review theories concerning littering. It concisely reviews the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to littering and their respective solutions. The finding from this review is that the psychological approaches to litter control are narrower in coverage than the economic approaches in that the former are applicable to smaller environmental settings or areas, such as school premises, office places, factories, and market places, as opposed to such lager settings as cities, states or the country at large to which economic instruments are usually applied. Despite the plethora of research extolling the virtues of economic approaches to litter control, their real-world application has not caught on. One of the factors responsible for this is the implementation costs and difficulty involved. The economic instruments are costlier than the psychological instruments, because the former cover a larger setting and entail a lot of bureaucracies. To better understand littering and find appropriate solutions to it, studies on littering should consider looking at littering holistically from this interdisciplinary perspective. Both the economist’s and the psychologist’s approaches to litter control should be synthesized for sustainable waste management. However, policymakers need to consider the available financial resources and the multifarious views of litter in policies relating to litter. An option for policymakers is to minimize those costs associated with implementing economic instruments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Nakamata, Tomoko, and Tsuneyuki Abe. "The effects of security camera, past littering, environment, and signboards on littering prevention." Japanese journal of psychology 87, no. 3 (2016): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.87.14057.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Ojedokun, Oluyinka. "The littering attitude scale (LAS)." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 26, no. 4 (June 8, 2015): 552–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-12-2014-0175.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – Validated and reliable measure of littering attitude is lacking, therefore the purpose of this paper is to describe the development and psychometric evaluation of the littering attitude scale (LAS) as a new self-report measure to assess littering attitude. Design/methodology/approach – The internal consistency reliability and validity of LAS were investigated in a cross-sectional survey of 1,360 urban residents in a South-western State in Nigeria. Data were analysed using reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. Findings – Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis suggested a 15-item scale with one general underlying factor. Reliability analysis score for the 15-item scale revealed a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.87. The scores of the LAS items indicated good internal consistency and construct validity consistent with the principles of scale development. The scale also showed a good fit in confirmatory factor analysis for the sample. Research limitations/implications – The aims of the study related to determining the validity, appropriateness, utility and feasibility of LAS were achieved. However, further studies should be done to validate the scale in other cultural settings. Practical implications – The findings suggested that LAS captures littering attitude and holds promise as a useful tool to conduct environmental audit by scholars, practitioners, and non-governmental organisations who are interested in the social and behavioural management of environmental quality. Originality/value – This is the first scale to measure littering attitude. The scale can be used by practitioners and researchers to conduct benchmarking studies on littering attitude.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Maharoof, Zainab, Samanmalee Dimuthu Kumari, and Sachi Dilami Ilangasekara. "Critical Factors Affecting Street Littering Behavior of Youth." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 3, no. 2 (October 23, 2022): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v3i2.84.

Full text

Abstract:

Street littering has known to be a global phenomenon over the years. The intensity of littering varies across societies and age groups. This study on street littering is centered around youth. The objectives cover two aspects: exploring factors affecting street littering behavior in Sri Lanka and suggesting policy implications. The study adopted quantitative methods based on deductive reasoning approach. Data was collected as survey research using the simple random sampling technique. 315 youth were selected out of the total youth population in Colombo, Sri Lanka in 2021. Analysis of data was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Analytical tools such as Pearson correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), independent sample t-test, and chi-square test were used. The study found to have a strong association between street littering behavior and two critical factors; visibility of litter and group behavior which corresponded with social psychological theories namely theory of deindividuation and theory of social comparison. A significant association with age and education was also indicated against street littering behavior while a weak relationship was noticed between environmental factors. The study suggests policymakers to focus on urgent and long-term sustainable solutions. Short term recommendations include positive and negative reinforcement strategies. The long-term sustainable solutions are proposed to make self-transformations within youth via attitudinal changes. Among the social science researchers in Sri Lanka, ‘Street littering behavior’ is considered an under-researched area. Hence this study provides both academic and empirical implications. Future research can be extended both locally and globally by comparing different demographic variables and changing the research study contexts within the same theme.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Chandra, Oktiva Herry. "Maintaining and Improving the Environmental Cleanliness in Semarang Municipality in the Era of Industrial Revolution 4.0." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 04003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912504003.

Full text

Abstract:

Language produced in a specific event of communication will have its form and function. Some messages are delivered in direct ways meaning the form and the functions are symmetric; some others are delivered in indirect ways, asymmetric. Direct or indirect ways will give different perceptions to those who receive the content of the message. Considering the face of receivers is one of the principles that should be made by policy makers as they communicate with people in public space. This article aims to explain the forms of language used to prohibit littering and the way the maker of prohibition thinks about the writing of littering. The research is conducted by using non-participatory observation method. This, then, is followed by applying note taking technique and recording. The result shows mostly the writings of littering prohibition are made an indirect way and less number in indirect way. Having a direct way means society is placed as subordinate in relation to the authorities. Even though less in number, indirect littering prohibition shows some writings see an equal position between the writer and reader. Both take a similar point of view on littering.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Chaudhary, Abdul Haseeb, Michael Jay Polonsky, and Nicholas McClaren. "Littering behaviour: A systematic review." International Journal of Consumer Studies 45, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 478–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12638.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sibley, Chris G., and James H. Liu. "Differentiating Active and Passive Littering." Environment and Behavior 35, no. 3 (May 2003): 415–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916503035003006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Farage, Laura, Isabella Uhl-Haedicke, and Nina Hansen. "Problem awareness does not predict littering: A field study on littering in the Gambia." Journal of Environmental Psychology 77 (October 2021): 101686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2021.101686.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Singh, Jagwinder, and Ranjit Kaur. "Influencing the Intention to Adopt Anti-Littering Behavior: An Approach With Modified TPB Model." Social Marketing Quarterly 27, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15245004211013333.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Littering has been identified as a major issue in India that has negative impacts on the environment as well as public health. Focus of the article: Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior, this empirical study determines the influence of three major concepts namely attitude, subjective norms, and self-efficacy on the intention to adopt anti-littering behavior. Research Hypotheses: The hypotheses stipulate that attitude, subjective norms, and self-efficacy have a significant influence on the intention to perform anti-littering behavior. Methods: In total, 750 individuals were interviewed at 34 locations across the states of New Delhi and Punjab (India) in a field survey. The data have been analyzed through confirmatory factor analysis in AMOS 21.0 to classify the considerations of the antecedents of the intention according to their relative significance using the natural gaps in standardized regression weight values. Subsequently, path analysis has been used to test a series of hypotheses concerning the direct effects of attitude, subjective norms, and self-efficacy on the intention to adopt anti-littering behavior. Results: The findings of the study revealed that all three constructs; attitude, subjective norms, and self-efficacy have a significant influence on the intention to adopt anti-littering behavior. Subjective norms influence intention to the highest extent closely followed by attitude. Recommendations for Research/Practice: Social marketers are recommended to target subjective norms and attitude while designing social marketing interventions to promote anti-littering behavior. Limitations: One limitation of this study is the existing gap between self-reported behavioral intention and actual behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Spotswood, Fiona, and Briony Whitaker. "Changing littering practices at Glastonbury Festival." Social Business 7, no. 3 (December 21, 2017): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/204440817x15108539431497.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Gunggut, Haijon, Chua Kim Hing, and Dg Siti Noor Saufidah Ag Mohd Saufi. "Internalization and Anti Littering Campaign Implementation." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 85 (September 2013): 544–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.383.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Torgler, Benno, Maria A. Garcia-Valinas, and Alison Macintyre. "Justifiability of Littering: An Empirical Investigation." Environmental Values 21, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 209–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327112x13303670567378.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Wijana, I. Dewa Putu. "Discourse of Littering Prohibition in Indonesia." Journal of Pragmatics Research 5, no. 1 (October 17, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v5i1.1.

Full text

Abstract:

This article deals with discourses of littering prohibition signs found in various places in Indonesia, focusing on three main issues, i.e., discourse structures, pragmatic strategies, and sociocultural factors which might influence that structure and strategy. Using data collected from websites and those found in Yogyakarta Special Regency, with a socio-pragmatics approach, the research finds that littering prohibition signs are constructed by various kinds of discourse type whose complexities are formed by the sentence types and the number of sentences constructing by them. Regarding the pragmatic strategies, the signs can be delivered using non-explicit, direct, indirect, expressed, implied, literal and nonliteral strategy. Subsequently, those structures and strategies are influenced by sociocultural factors associated with the interlocutors, such as emotional condition, religious and cultural belief, education, the formality of interaction, place and time, ethnicity, age, medium of transmission, cultural entity, and political factor. Keywords: Discourse, prohibition, strategy, and socio-pragmatics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wijana, I. Dewa Putu. "Discourse of Littering Prohibition in Indonesia." Journal of Pragmatics Research 5, no. 1 (October 17, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v5i1.1-20.

Full text

Abstract:

This article deals with discourses of littering prohibition signs found in various places in Indonesia, focusing on three main issues, i.e., discourse structures, pragmatic strategies, and sociocultural factors which might influence that structure and strategy. Using data collected from websites and those found in Yogyakarta Special Regency, with a socio-pragmatics approach, the research finds that littering prohibition signs are constructed by various kinds of discourse type whose complexities are formed by the sentence types and the number of sentences constructing by them. Regarding the pragmatic strategies, the signs can be delivered using non-explicit, direct, indirect, expressed, implied, literal and nonliteral strategy. Subsequently, those structures and strategies are influenced by sociocultural factors associated with the interlocutors, such as emotional condition, religious and cultural belief, education, the formality of interaction, place and time, ethnicity, age, medium of transmission, cultural entity, and political factor. Keywords: Discourse, prohibition, strategy, and socio-pragmatics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Cataldi, John. "The Commons: Separating Tragedy and Triumph at a City Park." City & Community 18, no. 1 (March 2019): 88–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cico.12360.

Full text

Abstract:

Littering in a city park is often considered a capricious act of neglect associated with simple carelessness. Using Ostrom's model, Governing the Commons, this research finds that littering is correlated with specific park activities. This article advances our understanding of the Commons and littering by considering the concept of “pollution,” as well as understanding patterns of litter for a communal city. I argue that among the variety of park activities, there are “nonlitter” activities that require little more than the husbandry of local communal governance and there are “litter” activities that require the additional husbandry of the state. However, additional empirical evidence was also discovered that there are instances where the abuse of common resources is socially structured and that there is, on occasion, a normative structure to norm–violating behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ulfa, Mariah, Bejo Slamet, Masrizal Saraan, and Harry Kurniawan. "Correlation Between Community Knowledge Level of River Ecosystem Services and Littering Behavior in Belawan Hilir Sub-watershed." Journal of Sylva Indonesiana 5, no. 02 (August 31, 2022): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jsi.v5i02.9421.

Full text

Abstract:

Belawan watershed is one of the watersheds that have a primary role in North Sumatra Province. The flow of the Belawan watershed crosses 2 (two) regencies/cities, i.e., Deli Serdang Regency and Medan City. In more detail, Medan City is located in the Belawan Hilir Sub-watershed. Several main rivers in Medan have been polluted and shallowed, as a result of people's habit of littering the river. People who live around the Belawan watershed have a significant role in the sustainability of the river and its ecosystem services. This study aims to analyze the level of community knowledge of river ecosystem services in the Belawan Hilir sub-watershed and to measure the correlation between the community knowledge level and the behavior of river littering. The respondents were sampled using Simple Random Sampling, while the number of samples was calculated using the Slovin formula. Data was collected through structured interviews by compiling a list of questions (questionnaires). The correlation between community knowledge levels and behavior of river littering was determined using spearman correlation analysis. The community knowledge level was 63% (good category). There was a moderate-positive correlation between the community knowledge level and the behavior of river littering (0.512 correlation coefficient). Community awareness can be increased through online-based socialization using social media or by providing more waste management training programs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Park, Hee Sun, Ezgi Ulusoy, Soe Yoon Choi, and Hye Eun Lee. "Temporal Distance and Descriptive Norms on Environmental Behaviors: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Construal-Level Theory." SAGE Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 215824402091457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020914576.

Full text

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization has beset sustainable consumption. Although many countries are increasingly taking pro-environmental stances, most countries continue to have a low recycling rate and a high littering rate. This study examines the effect of temporal distance as a part of Construal-Level Theory and descriptive norms on pro- and contra-environmental behaviors (i.e., recycling and littering) cross-culturally. Participants were recruited from the United States and South Korea, and randomly assigned to one of five versions of the survey. Findings indicated stronger intention to recycle for the distant future (only 3-year) and no significant difference for littering. Americans showed higher likelihood to recycle than Koreans while Koreans showed higher likelihood to litter when temporal distance was disregarded. Situational descriptive norms showed significant differences cross-culturally, but the interaction of culture and time distance was not visible. Theoretical implications for Construal-Level Theory research and practical implications for environmental policymakers in encouraging pro-environmental behaviors are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Huang, Siyuan, Giulia Wally Scurati, Mostafa Elzeney, Yujie Li, Xiaofeng Lin, Francesco Ferrise, and Monica Bordegoni. "AIM: An Interactive Ashtray to Support Behavior Change through Gamification." Proceedings of the Design Society: International Conference on Engineering Design 1, no. 1 (July 2019): 3811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.388.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractLittering is a highly diffused anti-environmental and anti-social behavior, especially among young people. Furthermore, cigarette butts are one of the most littered items and are responsible for both severe environmental damages and high clean up expenses. The aim of this project is to design an interactive ashtray for the campus environment to limit the cigarette butts littering behavior in an engaging and effective way. Qualitative and quantitative data are collected. Coded observations were implemented through the research process, including the 2 pre (without the prototype) and 2 pros (with the prototype) sessions. Also, user experience test and one to one interview were conducted for deepening the understanding of the littering phenomenon and the reasons behind in the behavior among young people. The prototype indeed reduced the number of cigarette butts littering among observed behaviors of 156 students, especially in male sample. Final results indicate the behavior change of disposers is moderated by other factors, as the environmental cleanliness. Future development is also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Al-mosa, Yara, Joy Parkinson, and Sharyn Rundle-Thiele. "A Socioecological Examination of Observing Littering Behavior." Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing 29, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 235–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2017.1326354.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Argyrou, Vassos. ""Keep Cyprus Clean": Littering, Pollution, and Otherness." Cultural Anthropology 12, no. 2 (May 1997): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/can.1997.12.2.159.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Huter, Dominik, and Roland Pomberger. "Der Beitrag der Steiermark zum Marine Littering." Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft 72, no. 9-10 (August 10, 2020): 378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00506-020-00702-8.

Full text

Abstract:

Zusammenfassung Da sich immer mehr Kunststoffe im Meer ansammeln, wurde diese Studie für das Land Steiermark erstellt, um mittels Materialflussanalyse die Emissionen im Land, als auch den Transfer über Flüsse bis ins Meer abzuschätzen. Die Parameter für das Modell entstammen der Literatur und basieren teilweise auch auf begründeten Annahmen. Littering ist mit 45 % der modellierten Kunststoff-Emissionen die größte Emissionsquelle, gefolgt vom Abrieb vom Verkehr (Reifen 36 %, Fahrbahnmarkierung 2 %), sowie von Schuhsohlen (4 %) und Kunstrasen und anderen Sportflächen (6 %), welche alle diffuse Quellen bilden. Der Abrieb synthetischer Fasern von Wäsche (3 %), Innenraumstäube (2 %) und Microbeads (<1 %), in Pflegeprodukten, stellen bedeutende punktuelle Einträge über die Abwässer der Haushalte in die Kanalisation und weiter in die Kläranlagen. Etwa 3 % des gesamten Mikroplastiks gelangen über Klärschlämme und Komposte in die Umwelt. Die modellierten Kunststoff-Emissionen der Steiermark werden nach den Szenarien dieser Studie insgesamt auf 1545–5353 Tonnen pro Jahr (t/a) geschätzt. Die Kunststoff-Emissionen gelangen hauptsächlich über die Oberflächengewässer (427–1179 t/a) und anschließend über die Donau bis ins Schwarze Meer (43–109 t/a). Im Vergleich zu den Konzentrationen in Flüssen und anderen Modellen sind die im Transfermodell quantifizierten Emissionen in Oberflächengewässer und das Meer relativ hoch. Die Steiermark emittiert als Binnenland in etwa 0,0001 % des globalen Kunststoffes, welcher pro Jahr vom Land ins Meer gelangt, und um einen Faktor von in etwa 16 (7–48) weniger Kunststoffe ins Meer als ein Mensch der Erde im Durchschnitt.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Ana, Risti, and Ayik Mirayanti Mandagi. "Gambaran Perilaku Membuang Sampah di Kecamatan Licin Kabupaten Banyuwangi." Media Gizi Kesmas 11, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v11i1.2022.152-158.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: As many as 63.3% of 120 people have a bad attitude towards waste management. Poor attitude regarding waste management triggers the behavior of littering which will cause many diseases and pollute the environment. Perceptions and behaviors in littering are evidence that environmental care behavior in the community is still relatively low. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify behavioral descriptions that influence people's habits of littering. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to identify a description of behavior that affects people's habits of littering Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. This research was conducted on all communities in village X. Respondents in the study were 120 people in village X. The data collection method was carried out by in-depth interviews. The research design used was cross sectional Results: : The results show that the level of public education is still relatively low at 65.8%, the next factor is the level of knowledge about waste is classified as good at 43.3%, and the last factor is the attitude of the community regarding waste and waste processing is classified as not good at 63.3%. Conclusions: The cause of the behavior of disposing of waste in the community in Licin District, Banyuwangi Regency is caused by the low level of public education, knowledge and attitudes regarding waste management are also still relatively low and public awareness of the environment is still low

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hoi, Huynh Tan. "A Clean Living Environment without a Culture of Habitual Littering." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP4 (March 31, 2020): 414–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201505.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Bateson, Melissa, Rebecca Robinson, Tim Abayomi-Cole, Josh Greenlees, Abby O’Connor, and Daniel Nettle. "Watching eyes on potential litter can reduce littering: evidence from two field experiments." PeerJ 3 (December 1, 2015): e1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1443.

Full text

Abstract:

Littering constitutes a major societal problem, and any simple intervention that reduces its prevalence would be widely beneficial. In previous research, we have found that displaying images of watching eyes in the environment makes people less likely to litter. Here, we investigate whether the watching eyes images can be transferred onto the potential items of litter themselves. In two field experiments on a university campus, we created an opportunity to litter by attaching leaflets that either did or did not feature an image of watching eyes to parked bicycles. In both experiments, the watching eyes leaflets were substantially less likely to be littered than control leaflets (odds ratios 0.22–0.32). We also found that people were less likely to litter when there other people in the immediate vicinity than when there were not (odds ratios 0.04–0.25) and, in one experiment but not the other, that eye leaflets only reduced littering when there no other people in the immediate vicinity. We suggest that designing cues of observation into packaging could be a simple but fruitful strategy for reducing littering.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Herdiansyah, Herdis, Agus Brotosusilo, Habibulloh Adi Negoro, Ravita Sari, and Zakianis Zakianis. "Parental Education and Good Child Habits to Encourage Sustainable Littering Behavior." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 8645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158645.

Full text

Abstract:

Proper habits formed since childhood represent the ideal head start to help keep the environment clean, although this is not a standalone vital factor for a person to dislike littering behavior. The data used in this study were derived from the compilation of primary data. This paper concerns littering behavior of children and presents a survey conducted with 2349 individuals who completed a survey with relevant items and demographic information. The respondents were sampled with a purposive random sampling survey method. Then, by means of logistic regression, we found that low-income households need to be supported by disposal facilities and formal education, while high-income households need to be supported by awareness-raising on the issue. Moreover, it was found that in terms of environmental protection during the pre-school period, self-initiative and parental assistance were not sufficient to drive individual responses on littering behavior. However, there is the need to analyze, in further research, religious education and other extrinsic and intrinsic motivations about environmental care and waste management for children.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Putra, Ida Bagus Sudarma. "Community Legal Awareness and Customary Sanction to Prevent Littering: How Penglipuran Village in Bali Makes Efforts?”." Udayana Journal of Law and Culture 6, no. 1 (January 30, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ujlc.2022.v06.i01.p02.

Full text

Abstract:

Penglipuran is a customary village in Bali that traditionally imposes a customary sanction for villagers who litter waste in the territory of the village in the form of holding a prayascita ceremony. This article aims to analyze the existence of prayascita customary sanctions in Penglipuran Village, the efforts to overcome littering in the village territory, and the implications of such sanctions on the legal awareness of the community. This paper combines a religious based-research in social-humanities and empirical juridical research that analyzes data and legal sources in descriptive, qualitative, and systematic methods. This research revealed that prayascita customary sanction is imposed on anyone who is decided guilty for littering in a village meeting, entails that he/she has to hold a prayascita ceremony that takes place in the village’s catus pata (crossroad). The efforts of Penglipuran Village to tackle littering problems are overseeing and maintaining the sanctity, sustainability, cleanliness, and orderliness of the area of ??the village. The programs and facilities that are implemented to control littering practice in this article can be divided into preventive and repressive measures. In terms of legal awareness, the village community has generally obeyed the customary rules. It is proven by the absence of people who have been imposed prayascita customary sanctions. It may be assessed that village members have a high community legal awareness to sort waste and put it in the rubbish bin. Therefore, the sanction to hold a prayascita ceremony has never happened until now. This indicates that a clean living culture has been well internalized by the community.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Moqbel, Shadi, Ziad El-tah, and Assal Haddad. "Anti-littering in developing countries: Motivating the people of Jordan." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 38, no. 7 (January 23, 2020): 726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19900654.

Full text

Abstract:

Littering in developing countries remains a problem that has not been overcome, and past research based on a trial-and-error approach has not solved the problem. In this study, a questionnaire was constructed and distributed to the people of Jordan. People were asked to indicate what motivates them to use the litter bins. The motivators were divided into intrinsic motivators and extrinsic motivators. The responses to the questionnaire were statistically analysed according to the score for each motivator and the responders’ attributes. The highest level intrinsic motivators were the ‘sense of morals and ethics’ and ‘following the way they were raised’. The highest impact of extrinsic motivators was the presence of children followed by increasing number of receptacles, being in a clean place and the presence of recycling programmes. Studying the respondents’ attributes showed there are differences in people’s responses to intrinsic motivators according to socio-demographical factors, while for extrinsic motivators these factors tend to diminish and people react almost the same. The results of this study can explain some of the differences in reported results in the literature on littering behaviour according to socio-demographic factors. To have an effective anti-littering approach in Jordan, the authorities should consider using a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators. In the intrinsic motivators, the authorities should praise and remind people of their core values, morals and their children’s behaviour and future. For the extrinsic motivators, the following descending order is suggested: convenient infrastructure, recycling programmes, anti-littering campaigns, rewards, penalties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

ANIFA, TIA, HEMY HERYATI ANWARD, and NEKA ERLYANI. "PERBEDAAN PERILAKU MEMBUANG SAMPAH PADA SISWA ANTARA SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH DIBERIKAN LIVE AND SYMBOLIC MODELING." Jurnal Ecopsy 4, no. 2 (September 27, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v4i2.3850.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRAK Perilaku membuang sampah merupakan aktivitas fisik individu yang terlihat jelas sebagai suatu hasil pembiasaan yang dibentuk oleh lingkungan. Salah satu cara agar dapat membentuk perilaku kebiasaan dalam perilaku membuang sampah pada tempatnya dan sesuai warna tempat sampah adalah dengan menggunakan teknik modeling. Modeling merupakan cara pembelajaran individu dengan mempelajari dan mengamati langsung saat model berperilaku serta dapat menggunakan simbol-simbol yang mewakili informasi sebagai media modeling. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perilaku membuang sampah pada siswa kelas V antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan live and symbolic modeling oleh guru. Hipotesis yang diajukan penelitian ini adalah ada perbedaan perilaku membuang sampah pada siswa antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan live and symbolic modeling oleh guru. Subjek pada penelitian ini berjumlah 20 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik sampling jenuh, yaitu teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan skala perilaku membuang sampah. Hasil perhitungan observasi saat pre-test sebesar 33.3%, sedangkan hasil perhitungan observasi saat post-test sebesar 86,7%. Dengan didukung dengan hasil uji t berpasangan menemukan perbedaan perilaku membuang sampah antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan live and symbolic modeling. Sehingga sumbangan efektif perlakuan live and symbolic modeling untuk perilaku membuang sampah cukup berarti dengan hasil setelah perlakuan sebesar 86,7%, Sedangkan 13,3% lainnya merupakan variable-variabel lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan live and symbolic modeling memberikan peningkatan pada perilaku siswa dalam membuang sampah pada tempatnya dan sesuai warna tempat sampah.Kata kunci: perilaku membuang sampah, live and symbolic modeling, siswa sekolah dasar, guru. ABSTRACT Littering behavior is an individual physical activity which is a result of habituation developed by environment. One of the ways to develop the habitual behavior in throwing litter into the proper places and the corresponding bin colors is by applying the modeling technique. Modeling is an individual’s learning way through studying and direct observing the current behavior of others and using symbols that represent information as a modeling medium. The objective of this study was to find out the differences in littering behavior of class V students between before and after provided with live and symbolic modeling by the teacher. The proposed hypothesis was that there were differences in littering behavior of class V students between before and after provided with live and symbolic modeling by the teacher. The subjects were 20 people. The sampling technique used in this study was saturated sampling technique. Data were collected using the scale of littering behavior. The calculation result of the observation in pre-test was 33.3% while in post-test 86.7%. The results of the paired t test showed that there were differences in littering behavior between before and after the students were provided with live and symbolic modeling. The effective contribution of live and symbolic modeling treatment to the littering behavior was significant where the outcome after the treatment was 86.7% while 13.3% was from other variables not examined in this study. It can be concluded that live and symbolic modeling improved student behavior in throwing litter into the proper places and the corresponding bin colors. Keywords: littering behavior, live and symbolic modeling, elementary school students, teachers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

AKOUMIANAKI, I., P. KONTOLEFAS, S. KATSANEVAKIS, A. NICOLAIDOU, and G. VERRIOPOULOS. "Subtidal littering: Indirect effects on soft substratum macrofauna?" Mediterranean Marine Science 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.131.

Full text

Abstract:

Changes in macrofauna community structure, abundance and species richness were examined both before and one year after the deployment of plastic and glass bottles at littered (litter density: 16 items / 100 m2) and non-littered (control) surfaces at three unimpacted coastal areas of the western Saronikos Gulf (Greece). In parallel, LOI% at the adjacent sediments and changes in the composition of feeding types of the megaepifauna that colonized the litter were examined across treatments. Significant changes in macrofauna community structure were demonstrated between before and after littering. At only one of the sites was there detected a significant difference in macrofauna community structure between control and littered plots after littering. This difference was linked with a significant increase in the abundance of opportunistic polychaete species and LOI% levels in the sediment surface due to the entrapment of macrophytal debris within the littered surface. The study did not show a consistent direct response of macroinfauna community to litter and the associated megafauna. Unlike the megafauna attracted by litter items, soft-substratum macrofauna is less responsive to the addition of novel hard substrates in adjacent sediments. Alternatively, it could be that the impact of littering with small items triggers a macrofauna response detectable in the long-run.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ansori, Teguh. "PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENINGKATAN KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN (Pendampingan Masyarakat Dalam Mengurangi Buang Sampah Sembarangan Di Desa Jembul Kecamatan Jatirejo Kebupaten Mojokerto)." Jurnal at-Taghyir: Jurnal Dakwah dan Pengembangan Masyarakat Desa 2, no. 1 (January 12, 2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/taghyir.v2i1.2052.

Full text

Abstract:

The environmental problem is a shared responsibility that is becoming a global problem, mainly about littering. Littering does not only entrench culture in urban communities, but also arises in rural communities, one of which is the village community of Jembul, Jatirjo District, Mojokerto Regency. The existence of a culture of littering, assistance to the community through empowerment is needed to foster public awareness in protecting the environment. In addition, community empowerment is done so that people are empowered and no longer littering. The results of the community empowerment carried out in the village of Jembul found the results of 4 points, the first service every week in cleaning up the environment, secondly to make a garbage shelter, thirdly to use manure about livestock that had not been utilized, and fourthly critical education to the community about the dangers of littering.Keywords: Garbage Disposal, Environment, Community Empowerment AbstrakMasalah limgkungan merupakan tanggung jawab bersama yang menjadi masalah global, t erutama adalah tentang buang sampah sembarangan. Buang sampah sembarangan tidak hanya membudaya di masyarakat perkotaan, akan tetapi juga timbul di masyarakat pedesaan salah satunya adalah mayarakat desa Jembul Kecamatan Jatirjo Kabupaten Mojokerto. Adanya budaya buang sampah sembarangan tersebut, pendampingan terhadapa masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan sangat diperlukan untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam menjaga lingkungan. Selain itu pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan agar masyarakat berdaya dan tidak lagi membuang sampah sembarangan. Hasil ari pemberdayaan masyarakat yang di lakukan di Desa Jembul tersebut menemukan hasil 4 poin, pertama keja bakti setiap seminggu sekali dalam membersihkan lingkungan, kedua membuat tempat penampungan sampah, ketiga memanfaatkan kotoran ntang hewan ternak yang selama ini belum dimanfaatkan, dan keempat pendidikan kritis terhadap masyarakat tentang bahaya buang sampah sembarangan.Kata kunci : Buang Sampah, Lingkungan, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Musthofa, Wakhid, and Koentjoro Koentjoro. "The engaging of early age children in environmental behavior through wayang kancil folktale." Sustinere: Journal of Environment and Sustainability 3, no. 3 (December 4, 2019): 144–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/sustinere.jes.v3i3.72.

Full text

Abstract:

School is a medium to solve the waste problem through clean lifestyle psychoeducation. Wayang kancil folktale uses animal characters as an alternative method to teach early age children to reduce littering behavior. This approach is applied because the animal world is close to the children's world. In addition, an interaction between children and the storyteller through folktale occurs during wayang kancil show. This study is action research which involves 14 second-year nursery student from a pre-school institution in Yogyakarta. The A-B-A experiment design puts the hypotheses of wayang kancil folktale to stimulate littering behavior at an early age to the test. Baseline, intervention, and reversal measurement was conducted consecutively for nine days which was recorded in observation sheets. Comprehension test was carried out before and after the intervention. The observation result was analyzed using visual analysis. Meanwhile, a comprehension score is rated by implemented paired sample t-test. The coefficient of reliability test of inter-rater was 0.971. Pre and post-intervention comprehension score increased rapidly (p = 0.000; < 0.01). The result proves that wayang kancil folktale was able to reduce children’s littering behavior.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kazaryan, Maretta, Mihail Shakhramanyan, Andrey Richter, Petar Getsov, and Pavlin Gramatikov. "Global System for Space Monitoring of Environmental Littering." Proceedings of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 75, no. 7 (July 29, 2022): 1028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2022.07.11.

Full text

Abstract:

As a result of human activity, a huge number of landfills and industrial waste is formed. For timely intervention in the process of environmental pollution from unauthorized landfills and industrial waste, it is necessary to have a global automated (automatic) space monitoring system. A model of such a global system for landfill monitoring is proposed using remote sensing methods from space. Modern methods for designing information systems are applied. Several innovative methodologies have been developed and used in the proposed model. The use of different images from the following satellites is classified: QuickBird; Ikonos; IRS-1C/1D; Landsat 8; RapidEye; WorldView2; NOAA; Terra; Meteor-3M and Radarsat-1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Morgan, Jennifer C., Michelle Jeong, Jennifer Mendel-Sheldon, Seth M. Noar, Kurt M. Ribisl, and Noel T. Brewer. "The impact of cigarette pack anti-littering messages." Addictive Behaviors 126 (March 2022): 107184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107184.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Moqbel, Shadi, Ziad El-tah, and Assal Haddad. "Littering in Developing Countries: The Case of Jordan." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 5 (July 8, 2019): 3819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/94811.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Williams, I. D., and N. Deakin. "Littering of a watercourse in north-west England." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Municipal Engineer 160, no. 4 (December 2007): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/muen.2007.160.4.201.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Crabb, Peter B., and Matthew P. Lessack. "Some Things Are Just Made to Be Littered." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 5, no. 3 (July 2014): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2014070104.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous research has identified a number of situational factors that can contribute to littering in various settings. One key factor that has been largely overlooked is the products that people litter. A descriptive survey of roadside litter was conducted with the goals of identifying the most-littered products and their industry sources. A sample of litter was collected from roads in rural, suburban, and urban areas in Pennsylvania. Of 2,611 littered objects, most (84.6%) litter was waste from one-use smoking, beverage, food, and packaging products. The findings support the view that some products are differentially associated with littering behavior and are thus highly “litterable,” leading to recommendations for reducing litter by targeting those products for change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Husni, Nyayu Latifah, Putri Adelia Rahmah Sari, Ade Silvia Handayani, Tresna Dewi, Seyed Amin Hosseini Seno, Wahyu Caesarendra, Adam Glowacz, Krzysztof Oprzędkiewicz, and Maciej Sułowicz. "Real-Time Littering Activity Monitoring Based on Image Classification Method." Smart Cities 4, no. 4 (December 13, 2021): 1496–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4040079.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper describes the implementation of real time human activity recognition systems in public areas. The objective of the study is to develop an alarm system to identify people who do not care for their surrounding environment. In this research, the actions recognized are limited to littering activity using two methods, i.e., CNN and CNN-LSTM. The proposed system captures, classifies, and recognizes the activity by using two main components, a namely camera and mini-PC. The proposed system was implemented in two locations, i.e., Sekanak River and the mini garden near the Sekanak market. It was able to recognize the littering activity successfully. Based on the proposed model, the validation results from the prediction of the testing data in simulation show a loss value of 70% and an accuracy value of 56% for CNN of model 8 that used 500 epochs and a loss value of 10.61%, and an accuracy value of 97% for CNN-LSTM that used 100 epochs. For real experiment of CNN model 8, it is obtained 66.7% and 75% success for detecting littering activity at mini garden and Sekanak River respectively, while using CNN-LSTM in real experiment sequentially gives 94.4% and 100% success for mini garden and Sekanak river.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Littering'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles