Academic literature on the topic 'Litter production and decomposition'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Litter production and decomposition.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Litter production and decomposition"
1
Munawar, Ali, Indarmawan, and Hery Suhartoyo. "Litter Production and Decomposition Rate in the Reclaimed Mined Land under Albizia and Sesbania Stands and Their Effects on some Soil Chemical Properties." Journal of Tropical Soils 16, no. 1 (June 28, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2011.v16i1.1-6.
Full textAbstract:
Vegetation establishment is considered as a critical step of mined land rehabilitation. The growing plants do not only prevent soil erosion, but also play important roles in soil ecosystem development. Their litterfall is the main process of transferring organic matter and nutrients from aboveground tree biomass to soil. Thus, its quantification would aid in understanding biomass and nutrient dynamics of the ecosystem. This study was aimed to investigate the litter production and its decomposition rate in a reclaimed mined land using albizia and sesbania, and theireffects on some soil properties. The litter under each stand was biweekly collected for four months. At the same time litter samples were decomposed in mesh nylon bags in soils and the remaining litters were biweekly measured. Soil samples were taken from 0-15 cm depths from each stand for analyses of soil organic C, total N, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The results demonstrated that total litter production under albizia (10.58 t ha-1 yr-1) was almost twice as much as that under sesbania stands (5.43 t ha-1 yr-1). Albizia litter was dominated by leaf litter (49.26%) and least as understory vegetation (23.31%), whereas sesbania litter was more evenly distributed among litter types. Decomposition rates of all litters were fastest in the initial stage and then gradually decreased. Sesbania leaf litters decomposed fastest, while albizia twigs slowest. Differences in the litter production and decomposition rates of the two species had not sufficiently caused significant effects on organic-C, total N, and CEC of the soilsafter one year of revegetation.Keywords: Albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria), decomposition rates, litter, mined land, Sesbania grandiflora
2
Wang, Jinniu, Bo Xu, Yan Wu, Jing Gao, and Fusun Shi. "Flower litters of alpine plants affect soil nitrogen and phosphorus rapidly in the eastern Tibetan Plateau." Biogeosciences 13, no. 19 (October 10, 2016): 5619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5619-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Litters of reproductive organs have rarely been studied despite their role in allocating nutrients for offspring reproduction. This study determines the mechanism through which flower litters efficiently increase the available soil nutrient pool. Field experiments were conducted to collect plant litters and calculate biomass production in an alpine meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. C, N, P, lignin, cellulose content, and their relevant ratios of litters were analyzed to identify their decomposition features. A pot experiment was performed to determine the effects of litter addition on the soil nutrition pool by comparing the treated and control samples. The litter-bag method was used to verify decomposition rates. The flower litters of phanerophyte plants were comparable with non-flower litters. Biomass partitioning of other herbaceous species accounted for 10–40 % of the aboveground biomass. Flower litter possessed significantly higher N and P levels but less C ∕ N, N ∕ P, lignin ∕ N, and lignin and cellulose concentrations than leaf litter. The litter-bag experiment confirmed that the flower litters of Rhododendron przewalskii and Meconopsis integrifolia decompose approximately 3 times faster than mixed litters within 50 days. Pot experiment findings indicated that flower litter addition significantly increased the available nutrient pool and soil microbial productivity. The time of litter fall significantly influenced soil available N and P, and soil microbial biomass. Flower litters fed the soil nutrition pool and influenced nutrition cycling in alpine ecosystems more efficiently because of their non-ignorable production, faster decomposition rate, and higher nutrient contents compared with non-flower litters. The underlying mechanism can enrich nutrients, which return to the soil, and non-structural carbohydrates, which feed and enhance the transitions of soil microorganisms.
3
Hossain, Mahmood, and A. K. Hoque. "Litter production and decomposition in mangroves – A review." Indian Journal of Forestry 31, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2008-8ts8td.
Full textAbstract:
Litter production and decomposition are important in nutrient cycling and detritus based food chain. Litter production in mangrove varies widely with species, forest type, stand age, geographical location and environmental parameters (e.g. rainfall, temperature, wind). Higher rate of litter production is observed at the lower latitudes (tropical region) and it decreases linearly with increasing latitude (sub-tropical region). Decomposition of leaf litter is characterized by an initial leaching of soluble organic and inorganic compounds with subsequent colonization by micro-organisms, which initiates physical and biological fragmentation of plant material. Litter degradation rate varies with species, geographical location, degree and frequency of tidal inundation, climatic and edaphic factors and presence of litter consuming fauna in the mangrove forest. In mangroves, higher rate of microbial decomposition of litter is observed in litter with lower content of tannin and leaves with thin cuticle, wet season and lower tidal inundation classes.
4
Bisht, Vinod K., Bhagwati P. Nautiyal, Chandra P. Kuniyal, P. Prasad, and Rakesh C. Sundriyal. "Litter Production, Decomposition, and Nutrient Release in Subalpine Forest Communities of the Northwest Himalaya." Journal of Ecosystems 2014 (November 18, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/294867.
Full textAbstract:
Production, decomposition, and release of nutrients from leaf and nonleaf litter were investigated in four subalpine forests of North-West Himalaya, India. Total annual litter fall in four communities varied from 2950.00 to 4040.00 kg ha−1 and was found significant (CD0.05 = 118.2). Decomposition of leaf litter varied from 1.82–3.5% during autumn-winter to 36.14–45.51 during summer rainy season in all stands and percent of mass loss was significantly varied in stands (CD6.00). Similarly, decomposition in nonleaf litter was varied from 0.3–1.1% during autumn-winter to 19.59–30.05% during summer rainy season and was significantly varied irrespective of seasons. However, percent decomposition of leaf litter and the values of decay constant (k) were at par in all stands. Total standing state of nutrients in fresh litter as well as release of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in due course of decomposition (12 months) was also varying significantly. The rate of nonleaf litter decomposition was significantly positively correlated with air temperature (r=0.63–0.74 in all communities). The significant correlation (r=0.85) was observed only in Rhododendron-Sorbus forest community (PRS). Study indicates that the air temperature is a major determinant for nonleaf litter decomposition in this region.
5
Thalib, Mirawati, Dewi Wahyuni Kyai Baderan, and Abubakar Sidik Katili. "Produksi dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Ceriops tagal di Cagar Alam Tanjung Panjang (The Production and Decomposition Rate of Ceriops tagal Litter in Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve)." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 9, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl19151-160.
Full textAbstract:
Mangrove vegetation growsalong the coastal line and iscapable of thriving in salty water. Therefore, the study reported in this articlesought to describe the production and decomposition rate of Ceriops tagal litter in Tanjung Panjang Nature Reserve in Randangan Sub-District, Pohuwato District, Gorontalo Province. A survey method was employed, and a purposive sampling technique was used for selecting the research site. The data of litter production was collected using a litter trap of 2m x 1m. Decomposition data was collected using a litter bag sized of 1m x 1m. The results showed that litter production containing leaves at Station I reached 46%, twigs 40%, and fruits 14%. At Station II, the production of litter containing leaves reached 42%, twigs 45%, and fruits 13%. At Station III, the production of litter containing leaves reached 48%, twigs 43%, and fruits 9%. The decomposition rate (R) of C. tagal litter at each station was obtained with an average on the 14th day of 0.42 g, 0.75 g, and 0.77 g, respectively. On the 28th day, it was 0.75 g, 1.00 g, and 0.89 g; on the 42nd day was 1.13 g, 1.27 g, and 1.22 g; and on the 56th day was 1.48 g, 1.62 g, and 1.59 g. The ratio of the decomposition rate of C. tagal litter on day 14 to day 56 increased. This condition was influenced by several environmental factors, including salinity, which ranged from 4.5-6.3‰, ambient temperature at 27-28°C, dissolved oxygen at 2.0-5.0 mg/L, and soil pH between 5.9-8.0.Keywords: Ceriops tagal, decomposition rate, litter production, Pohuwato
6
Ribeiro, Andressa, Huga Géssica Bento de Oliveira, Ana Claudia Bezerra Zanella, and Antonio Carlos Ferraz Filho. "Litter dynamics in a seasonally dry forest fragment." Advances in Forestry Science 9, no. 1 (April 5, 2022): 1685–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34062/afs.v9i1.13262.
Full textAbstract:
Litter decomposition makes possible the nutrient cycling and is a link between vegetation and soil, vital for a healthy forest ecosystem. Although several studies on litter decomposition have been carried out in different regions of Brazil, there are few studies for transitional zones between Cerrado and Caatinga, particularly in the state of Piauí. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the litterfall production, litter composition and decomposition rate in a tropical dry forest fragment located in the southeast region of Piauí, Brazil. Monthly litterfall dynamics were evaluated for one year, by placing litter traps in the center of six forest inventory permanent sample plots, and the decomposition rate was determined by the litterbag technique. Litterfall production was estimated at 4,401.7 kg ha-1 year-1, similar to Caatinga environment values, with the leaves fraction contributing with the highest percentage (64%). On the other hand, litter decomposition rate was estimated at 0.003 g day-1, similar to rates found in Cerrado environments, highlighting the importance to better understand this ecozone litter dynamics. Wind speed had significative correlation with litterfall production. The number of species in the sample plot had highest correlation with the decomposition rate, and the diameter growth rate was the dendrometric variable most correlated to litterfall production.
7
Hayashi, Sanae Nogueira, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Cláudio José Reis Carvalho, and Eric Davidson. "Linking nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in litter production and decomposition during secondary forest succession in the eastern Amazon." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 7, no. 3 (March 8, 2021): 283–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v7i3.591.
Full textAbstract:
Land-use change, including tropical deforestation for agriculture and subsequent agricultural abandonment, may change the stoichiometry of nutrient cycling in tropical secondary forests relative to mature forests. While phosphorus (P) is conservatively cycled in these mature forests, nitrogen (N) losses during an agricultural phase may provoke conservative N cycling processes in young secondary forests. Here we explore differences in nutrient cycling properties among secondary and mature forests of the eastern Amazon, including litter nutrient concentrations and rates of litter production and decomposition. In a chronosequence of successional forest age, N production in litterfall and N loss during litter decomposition were low in young forests but increased with increasing forest age, whereas P was conservatively cycled in all forest ages. Litter N concentration was positively correlated with the rate of mass loss in a litterbag study and with a mass balance estimate of litter decomposition based on annual litterfall and litter stock measurements. Therefore, while P is conservatively cycled and may limit or co-limit productivity in these forests, variation in N content of litter among forest successional stages may be related to differences in decomposition rates and mean residence times of litter, thus linking N availability with rates of litter decomposition and P cycling.
8
Andrianto, Feri, Afif Bintoro, and Slamet Budi Yuwono. "Produksi Dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Mangrove (Rhizophora Sp.) Di Desa Durian Dan Desa Batu Menyan Kecamatan Padang Cermin Kabupaten Pesawaran." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 3, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl139-20.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Mangrove litter leaf represent the organic substance supplier towards fertility of mangrove ecosystem, that able to support the mortal life within. The area of forest of mangrove represent the nursery ground, feeding ground, and area of spawning ground for various fish type, prawn and other biota sea and also as producer of amount of detritus for plankton as main foods source of the sea. The objectives of this research were to know production and decomposition rate of mangrove litter leaf in the mangrove ecosystem of Durian Village and Batu Menyan Village, Padang Cermin subdistrict, Pesawaran regency. Data was analysed by calculating the dry weight mean of litter leaf production and to counting decomposition rate was using the exponential rank function or from absolute decomposition percentage of litter leaf per day. This research was conducted in two place (station) based on the difference of substrate characteristic. The research conducted from October to December 2013. The productivity of mangrove’s litter leaf in both places is 0,56 g/m2/day, where the leaf organ gave the higgest contribution, (66%), stick and branch (14%), flower and fruit (20%). Decomposition rate of mangrove litter leaf showed that at the second station ( 0,20 g / hr) was faster than the first station ( 0,19 g / hr). Keywords : Decomposition rate, litter leaf litter leaf, mangrove, production
9
Hömberg, Annkathrin, Klaus-Holger Knorr, and Jörg Schaller. "Methane Production Rate during Anoxic Litter Decomposition Depends on Si Mass Fractions, Nutrient Stoichiometry, and Carbon Quality." Plants 10, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10040618.
Full textAbstract:
While Si influences nutrient stoichiometry and decomposition of graminoid litter, it is still unclear how Si influences anoxic litter decomposition and CH4 formation in graminoid dominated fen peatlands. First, Eriophorum vaginatum plants were grown under different Si and P availabilities, then shoots and roots were characterized regarding their proportions of C, Si, N and P and regarding C quality. Subsequently the Eriophorum shoots were subjected to anoxic decomposition. We hypothesized; that (I) litter grown under high Si availability would show a higher Si but lower nutrient mass fractions and a lower share of recalcitrant carbon moieties; (II) high-Si litter would show higher CH4 and CO2 production rates during anoxic decomposition; (III) methanogenesis would occur earlier in less recalcitrant high-Si litter, compared to low-Si litter. We found a higher Si mass fraction that coincides with a general decrease in C and N mass fractions and decreased share of recalcitrant organic moieties. For high-Si litter, the CH4 production rate was higher, but there was no long-term influence on the CO2 production rate. More labile high-Si litter and a differential response in nutrient stoichiometry led to faster onset of methanogenesis. This may have important implications for our understanding of anaerobic carbon turnover in graminoid-rich fens.
10
Ivanova, E. A. "TREE LITTER PRODUCTION AND DECOMPOSITION IN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS UNDER BACKGROUND CONDITIONS AND INDUSTRIAL AIR POLLUTION." Forest Science Issues 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31509/2658-607x-202251-99.
Full textAbstract:
The paper provides an overview of Russian and foreign articles devoted to the study of the tree litter production and decomposition in forest ecosystems subjected to natural and anthropogenic factors. The spatial variability (below crown and between crown spaces) and the seasonal features of the tree litter production, its chemical composition, and decomposition processes are poorly studied. In addition, most of the works, both in Russia and foreign countries science, highlight the influence of natural factors on the litter production and the processes of its decomposition, while the impact of local sources of industrial air pollution is rarely considered. The study of the variability of the size, fractional and chemical composition and processes of decomposition of tree litter under conditions of industrial air pollution is important for predicting the dynamics of forest ecosystems subjected to the combined action of natural and anthropogenic factors and reducing the negative impact of production processes on forests.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Litter production and decomposition"
1
Jali, Dulima Binti. "Nitrogen mineralisation, litter production and cellulose decomposition in tropical peat swamps." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269744.
Full text
2
Enriquez, Luis Villavicencio. "The role of canopy structure in leaf litter production, quality and decomposition in rustic and traditional coffee systems and forests in Mexico." Thesis, Bangor University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510270.
Full text
3
Altinalmazis, kondylis Andreas. "Tree diversity effects on root production, decomposition and nutrient cycling under global change." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0067.
Full textAbstract:
L'hypothèse de l'assurance prévoit que les forêts composées de mélanges d'espèces d'arbres pourraient mieux résister aux conditions environnementales stressantes que les forêts composées d'une seule espèce d'arbre. La majorité des travaux antérieurs ont testé cette hypothèse en se focalisant sur la productivité et les variables de réponse associées sans prendre en compte les processus souterrains. L’objectif principal de ma thèse était d’étudier l’effet de la diversité des espèces d’arbres sur les processus souterrains impliqués dans la décomposition des racines à travers des gradients climatiques. J'ai émis l'hypothèse que le mélange d'espèces ayant des systèmes racinaires contrastés entraînerait une faible compétition souterraine, et se traduirait par la production de plus biomasse de racines fines. En outre, j'ai émis l'hypothèse que les racines ayant des caractéristiques chimiques et morphologiques contrastées dans les peuplements mixtes se décomposent plus rapidement. Dans des conditions de stress hydrique, j'ai émis l'hypothèse d'une décomposition plus lente mais d’une atténuation des mélanges d'arbres sur la décomposition en raison de l'amélioration des conditions micro-environnementales. Pour tester ces hypothèses, j'ai examiné la variation des caractéristiques fonctionnelles des racines et leurs conséquences sur les flux de C, N et P à l'échelle de l'écosystème à travers l’étude de : 1) la ségrégation verticale des racines et la biomasse des racines fines, 2) la dynamique des racines fines et les flux de nutriments associés et 3) la décomposition des racines fines et des feuilles mortes. Dans ce cadre, trois deux expériences de terrain ont été réalisé, l'une avec une expérience de plantation d'arbres de 10 ans avec du bouleau et du pin près de Bordeaux (expérience ORPHEE), la seconde le long d'un gradient latitudinal de forêts de hêtres matures dans les Alpes françaises (expérience BIOPROFOR).Les résultats obtenus montrent que les racines de bouleaux et de pins présentaient une distribution verticale similaire et une biomasse souterraine similaire de racines dans les mélanges d'arbres par rapport aux monocultures, contrairement à ma première hypothèse. Cependant, l'attribution plus importante du pin mais pas du bouleau à la croissance des racines dans les horizons du sol supérieur dans des conditions moins limitatives en eau suggère des conditions localement favorables qui peuvent conduire à une compétition asymétrique à la profondeur du sol. De plus, la production et la décomposition des racines fines étaient similaires dans les mélanges et dans les monocultures, en contradiction avec ma deuxième hypothèse. Il est intéressant de noter que les racines de bouleau, mais pas les racines de pin, ont libéré du P pendant leur décomposition, ce qui suggère un rôle important du bouleau dans le cycle du P et pour la nutrition en P des arbres sur ces sols sableux limités en P. Conformément à ma troisième hypothèse, j'ai observé une décomposition plus lente de la litière de feuilles et des racines fines en réponse à une sécheresse estivale prolongée, tout au long du gradient latitudinal dans les Alpes. Cependant, cette décomposition plus lente sous la sécheresse n'a pas été atténuée dans les peuplements forestiers à essences mixtes par rapport aux peuplements à essences uniques. Il est intéressant de noter qu’il y a une libération nette d'azote dans les racines fines en décomposition mais pas dans la litière de feuilles en décomposition, ce qui suggère un rôle distinct des racines fines dans le cycle de l'azote. En conclusion, j'ai constaté que le mélange des espèces d'arbres n'atténue pas les effets négatifs du changement climatique. Cette thèse démontre que la promotion de mélanges peut toujours être bénéfique pour au moins une des espèces d'arbres mélangées, par l'ajout d'espèces, car une espèce d'arbre peut en faciliter la nutrition minérale d’une autre par des flux souterrains de N et de PThe insurance hypothesis predicts that forests with tree species mixtures may resist better to stressful environmental conditions than forests composed of only one tree species. Most of the currently available literature tested this hypothesis for aboveground productivity and its related response variables, but less is known about belowground processes. In my PhD thesis, I studied the drivers of belowground productivity and decomposition across climatic gradients and how they are affected by tree mixtures. I hypothesized that mixing of tree species with contrasting rooting patterns and fine root morphologies, would result in a release of competitive pressure belowground, and translate into higher fine root standing biomass and increased fine root productivity. Moreover, I hypothesized that roots with contrasting chemical and morphological characteristics in mixed stands would decompose faster, which may be particularly important under nutrient-limited conditions. Under water-limiting conditions, such as during extreme summer drought, I hypothesized overall slower decomposition but an attenuating effect of tree mixtures on decomposition due to improved micro-environmental conditions, in particular for leaves, since roots decompose in a more buffered soil environment. To test these hypotheses I examined the variation in tree root functional traits (across- and within-species), and its consequences for fluxes of C, N and P at the ecosystem scale. I addressed three main objectives and associated research questions to quantify the interactive effect of tree mixtures and climate on: 1) vertical root segregation and fine root standing biomass, 2) fine root dynamics and their associated nutrient fluxes and 3) fine root- and leaf litter decomposition. I could benefit from two different field experiments for my work, one with a 10-year-old tree-plantation experiment with birch and pine close to Bordeaux (ORPHEE experiment), the second along a latitudinal gradient of mature beech forests in the French Alps (BIOPROFOR experiment).I observed that roots from the birch and pine tree-plantation showed similar vertical distribution and similar belowground root standing biomass in tree mixtures compared to monocultures, contrary to my first hypothesis. However, the greater allocation of pine but not of birch to root growth within the top soil horizons under less water-limiting conditions suggests locally favourable conditions that may lead to soil depth-specific asymmetric competition. In the same experiment, fine root production and decomposition were similar in mixtures and in monocultures, in contradiction with my second hypothesis. Moreover, I did not observe any interactive effects of tree mixtures with stand density or water availability. Interestingly though, birch roots, but not pine roots released P during root decomposition, which suggests an important role of birch in the P-cycle and for P nutrition of trees on these P-limited sandy soils. In line with my third hypothesis, I observed a slower decomposition of leaf litter and fine roots in response to reinforced and prolonged summer drought, irrespective of the position along the latitudinal gradient in the Alps. However, this slower decomposition under drought was not attenuated in forest stands with mixed tree species compared to single species stands. Compared to leaf litter, fine roots decomposed slower and released less C. Interestingly, I found a net N release in decomposing fine roots but not in decomposing leaf litter, which suggests a distinct role of fine roots in the N cycle. In conclusion, I found that mixing tree species did not attenuate negative effects of climate change. However, this thesis demonstrates that promoting mixtures can still be beneficial for at least one of the admixed tree species, through species addition (i.e., complementing one tree species with another tree species), as one tree species may facilitate another via belowground fluxes of N and P
4
Sangha, Kamaljit Kaur, and Kamaljit kaur@jcu edu au. "Evaluation of the effects of tree clearing over time on soil properties, pasture composition and productivity." Central Queensland University. School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 2003. http://library-resources.cqu.edu.au./thesis/adt-QCQU/public/adt-QCQU20060921.115258.
Full textAbstract:
Tree clearing is practised for greater beef production and hence monetary gains from grazing
systems of central Queensland. The high rates of clearing in the past and even recently (577,
000 ha/yr during 1999-2001) were mainly to develop land for pastures. The sustainability of
cleared pasture systems over the long-term is questioned.
Three major types of tree communities i.e. Eucalyptus populnea F. Muell., E. melanophloia F.
Muell. and Acacia harpophylla F. Muell. ex. Benth. were selected on one property in central
Queensland to quantify the impacts of clearing on pasture production and composition, and
soil properties. The impacts were measured over time-since-clearing (recent (<5 years),
medium (11-13years) and old (>30 years)) in unreplicated cleared pastures in comparison to
their replicated uncleared/intact woodland pastures of each tree community.
Measures of pasture above-ground biomass production on a single property over time-sinceclearing
in cleared systems showed that gains were not sustained over the long-term. The
difference in response to clearing between tree communities was evident and important to
support the future policy decisions. The impact of clearing on soil properties (physicochemical
and biological) was confirmed, and explained the lesser availability of nutrients with
time of clearing in cleared pastures. The changes in some soil properties underscored the
associated risks and changes in ecosystem functions due to clearing. Less litter was produced
at cleared than uncleared pastures, but nutrient release was faster at cleared compared to
uncleared systems. The overall effect of clearing in terms of pasture and litter production, and
major soil parameters were analysed using multivariate analyses.
5
Laliberté, Etienne. "Land-Use Intensification in Grazing Systems: Plant Trait Responses and Feedbacks to Ecosystem Functioning and Resilience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5109.
Full textAbstract:
Land-use change is the single most important global driver of changes in biodiversity. Such changes in biodiversity, in turn, are expected to influence the functioning of ecosystems and their resilience to environmental perturbations and disturbances. It is widely recognised that the use of functional traits and functional diversity is best for understanding the causes and functional consequences of changes in biodiversity, but conceptual development has outpaced empirical applications. This thesis explores these ideas in grazing systems, which are expected to undergo rapid intensification of fertiliser use and grazing pressure to meet the growing global demand for livestock products.
First, a flexible framework for measuring different facets of functional diversity is described, and a new multidimensional functional diversity index, called functional dispersion (FDis), is presented. Second, two vegetation sampling methods are compared with regard to their ability to detect changes in vegetation composition. Third, shifts in plant trait distributions following land-use changes are quantified and compared to null models, and a maximum entropy approach is used to quantify the direction and strength of selection on each trait. Fourth, it is shown that these shifts in trait distributions have cascading effects on primary production, litter decomposition, soil respiration, and ultimately soil carbon sequestration. Finally, data from 18 land-use intensity gradients are used to show that land-use intensification reduces functional redundancy and response diversity, two components of biodiversity that are thought to influence ecosystem resilience to future disturbances.
This study illustrates (i) the importance of considering species functional differences to understand how plant communities react to changes in soil resource availability and grazing pressure, and (ii) how such changes directly, indirectly, and interactively control ecosystem functioning, as well as (iii) increasing the vulnerability of ecosystems to future disturbances.
6
Grugiki, Marilia Alves. "Ciclagem de nutrientes em coberturas florestais no sul do Espírito Santo." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5801.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T13:51:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao de Marilia Alves Grugiki.pdf: 353641 bytes, checksum: fa4c0514512e156b81e2fcfbd041e310 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-05-10Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar a dinâmica de nutrientes e sua relação com o aporte, decomposição e mineralização da serapilheira nas coberturas florestais de floresta secundária, Sapindus saponaria, Acacia mangium e Hevea brasiliensis na região sul do estado do Espírito Santo. A deposição da serapilheira foi quantificada instalando 3 coletores (50 x 50 cm), em cada cobertura florestal. O material interceptado pelos coletores foi mensalmente coletado durante o período de janeiro a outubro de 2010. Para a quantificação do acúmulo de serapilheira no solo foi utilizado um gabarito de 0,33 x 0,33 m nos meses de novembro/2009, março/2010, junho/2010 e novembro/2010. Tanto no estudo de deposição de serapilheira como no de acúmulo, as amostras de serapilheira coletadas foram levadas para laboratório onde foram secas em estufa e pesadas, sendo em seguida determinados os teores e estoques de Ca, Mg, P e K. A decomposição da serapilheira foi quantificada através de litter bags coletados em cada cobertura florestal. O material remanescente em cada litter bags foi coletado em diferentes períodos de tempo onde foram pesados para obtenção da matéria seca. Para a avaliação da atividade microbiana, procedeu-se a quantificação do CO2 (C mineralizável). Os resultados experimentais mostraram que as coberturas florestais se comportaram de forma diferenciada quanto à deposição e acúmulo de serapilheira, com destaques para a Acacia mangium que, na época seca, proporcionou maior deposição de serapilheira total e para a seringueira, que dentre as coberturas florestais, foi a que apresentou desempenho inferior tanto para a deposição quanto para o acúmulo de serapilheira. Dentre os nutrientes avaliados na serapilheira depositada e acumulada, o teor de fósforo não variou entre as coberturas florestais, o mesmo ocorrendo para o teor de potássio na fração folhas e de magnésio na fração não-folhas da serapilheira depositada. O acúmulo de nutrientes foi mais influenciado pela produção de serapilheira do que pelos teores de nutrientes na serapilheira. A Acacia mangium, juntamente com a floresta secundária, apresentaram, de maneira geral, valores superiores e a seringueira, os menores valores. Quanto à decomposição, os resultados experimentais mostraram que as coberturas florestais se comportaram de forma diferenciada quanto à decomposição e atividade microbiana, com destaques para a Sapindus saponaria que, apresentou maior velocidade de decomposição de serapilheira total e para a seringueira, que dentre as coberturas florestais, foi a que apresentou velocidade de decomposição inferior em relação às outras coberturas. O conteúdo de nutrientes liberados na decomposição da serapilheira apresentou comportamento decrescente ao decorrer dos dias. A cobertura de Sapindus saponaria, apresentou para as duas profundidades, quantidades acumuladas de CO2 superiores em relação às outras coberturas florestais. A cobertura de Acacia mangium apresentou os menores valores de CO2 acumulado. Para este estudo, dentre os parâmetros avaliados, o acúmulo de nutrientes e a produção de serapilheira acumulada e ix depositada mostraram-se como importantes indicadores para avaliação de ciclagem de nutrientes em coberturas florestais
This study aimed to assess the overall nutrient dynamics and their relationship with the input, decomposition and mineralization of litter in the forest canopy of secondary forest, Sapindus saponaria, Acacia mangium and Hevea brasiliensis in the southern state of Espírito Santo. The deposition of litter was measured by installing three collectors (50 x 50 cm) in each forest cover. The material was intercepted by collectors collected monthly during the period from January to October 2010. To quantify the accumulation of litter in the soil was used a template 0.33 x 0.33 m in the months of November/2009, March/2010, November/2010 and June/2010. Both the study of deposition of litter accumulation as in the samples of litter were taken to the laboratory where they were oven dried and weighed, and then determined the levels and stocks of Ca, Mg, P and K. The decomposition of leaf litter was measured using litter bags collected in each forest cover. The remaining material in each litter bags were collected at different periods of time they were weighed to obtain dry matter. For the assessment of microbial activity, proceeded to quantify the CO2 (mineralizable C). The experimental results showed that the forest cover behaved differently regarding the deposition and accumulation of litter, with emphasis on Acacia mangium that, in the dry season, provided greater total litter deposition and rubber, that among the forest canopy, showed the lower performance for both the deposition and to the accumulation of litter. Among the nutrients in litterfall and accumulated phosphorus content did not vary between forest cover, and so on for the potassium content in leaves and magnesium fraction in the fraction of non-leaf litterfall. The accumulation of nutrients was more influenced by litter production than by the nutrient content in the litter. Acacia mangium, together with the secondary forest showed, in general, higher values and rubber, the lowest values. As for the decomposition, the experimental results showed that the forest cover behaved differently in terms of decomposition and microbial activity, with highlights for Sapindus saponaria that had a higher rate of decomposition of total litter and rubber, that among the forest cover, showed the lower rate of decomposition in relation to other coverage. The content of nutrients released in the decomposition of litter produced the downward trend over the day. The coverage of Sapindus saponaria presented for two depths, higher amounts of CO2 accumulated in relation to other forest cover. Coverage of Acacia mangium showed the lowest values accumulated CO2. For this study, among the parameters evaluated, the accumulation of nutrients and the production of litter accumulated and deposited proved as important indicators for assessing nutrient cycling in forest cover
7
Sariyildiz, Temel. "Biochemical and environmental controls of litter decomposition." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312079.
Full text
8
Yin, Na. "Mechanism of Positive, Non-Additive Litter Decomposition." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8564.
Full textAbstract:
Litter decomposition is a fundamental ecosystem process. It is responsible for nutrient cycling and influences carbon (C) sequestration, and soil physical and chemical properties. In nature, litter is usually heterogeneous and may not decompose the way homogeneous litter does. For example, heterogeneous litter decomposition is frequently non-additive. This makes the rate of nutrient cycling as well as fluxes of C into and out of soil C pools impossible to predict. The most frequently proposed mechanisms for positive, non-additive decomposition include the supply of limiting mineral nutrients, the supply of available C (priming), and the improvement of micro-environmental conditions. However, all three mechanisms are controversial in the sense that no single mechanism accounts for all cases of non-additive decomposition. In mesic ecosystems, both soil microbes and soil fauna are the major causes of decomposition. Microbes decompose litter by producing extracellular enzymes. The comminution of litter by soil animals interacts with microbial activities by increasing substrate surface area. In our study, positive, non-additive decomposition of oat straw when mixed with clover was not due to enhancing microarthropod density in oat straw but associated with significantly increased microbial activity in oat straw. We further investigated the factors that contribute to positive, non-additive decomposition by testing several common hypotheses used to explain non-additive decomposition (increased water content, and the transfer of C and/or nitrogen (N) compounds from clover to oat straw). We also tested a new hypothesis, which is that C, N and other nutrients are simultaneously supplied by clover to stimulate the decomposition of oat straw. Our study indicated that the addition of water to oat straw did not increase oat straw decomposition and adding ammonium chloride only or glucose and ammonium chloride together to oat straw had no significant effect on oat straw decomposition. Glucose addition alone (Low concentration) increased oat straw decomposition but was not sufficient to predict the effect of clover litter. Either the addition of glucose, ammonium chloride and other minerals together to oat straw, or soil was in contact with oat straw and glucose and ammonium chloride were added, oat straw decomposition was stimulated as if clover were present. These results suggest that the limiting resources are some combination of C, N and other mineral nutrients and that soil itself may be a source of limiting nutrients in litter decomposition. In nature, some combination of high quality litter and soil itself may supply resources that stimulate the decomposing organisms’ activity on low quality litter and then the decomposition of low quality litter. Our research provides insight into the dynamics of heterogeneous litter decomposition and will allow us to better model nutrient cycling.
9
Almeida, R. de. "Nutrient and litter decomposition in a beechwood ecosystem." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354800.
Full text
10
Joly, François-Xavier. "Tree diversity and litter decomposition in European forests." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS215.
Full textAbstract:
Les écosystèmes forestiers jouent un rôle clé en régulant des cycles du carbone (C) et des nutriments et l’érosion en cours de la biodiversité peut affecter ces fonctions écosystémiques. Ces deux dernières décennies, un effort de recherche important a cherché à comprendre comment la biodiversité affecte la productivité primaire. Le processus inverse de minéralisation du C pendant la décomposition de la matière organique est en revanche beaucoup moins étudié. Dans cette thèse, j’ai cherché à démêler les différents mécanismes par lesquels la diversité des arbres et de leurs litières foliaires affecte la décomposition des litières dans les écosystèmes forestiers d’Europe, à travers trois approches.En utilisant un réseau de placettes forestières contenant des gradients de diversité dans six types de forêts à travers l’Europe, j’ai étudié les effets de la diversité des arbres sur la décomposition de la litière via (i) des modifications de l’environnement de décomposition et (ii) les conséquences directes de la diversité des litières foliaires, avec deux expériences en sachets de litière. A travers tous les sites, alors que la richesse spécifique des arbres a eu un effet limité, la fermeture de la canopée a positivement affecté la décomposition par une modification potentielle des conditions microclimatiques. De plus, les traits moyens de qualité physique et chimique de la chute de litière et la dissimilarité de traits entre les litières d’espèces différentes ont influencé les communautés de décomposeurs permettant dans une certaine mesure de prédire la décomposition de substrats standards. Une fois ces effets pris en compte, la qualité des litières en décomposition a eu un impact supplémentaire mais relativement plus faible sur la décomposition. Ces résultats suggèrent que les effets indirects de la diversité des arbres sur la modification des conditions microenvironnementales sont plus importants pour la décomposition que les effets directs de la qualité intrinsèque des litières en décomposition.J’ai ensuite exploré le rôle des composés solubles lessivés à partir de litière d’espèces différentes sur les processus microbiens du sol par une expérience en microcosmes. Les lessivats de litière d’arbres décidus étaient qualitativement et quantitativement différents de ceux des litières de conifères et ont induit une respiration microbienne du sol plus importante. Le mélange de lessivats des différentes espèces a donné lieu à des effets non-additifs sur les processus microbiens du sol, associés à la dissimilarité de stochiométrie des lessivats. Le lessivage étant un processus dominant pendant la phase initiale de décomposition, l’identité et la diversité des lessivats peut contribuer au contrôle du recyclage du C et des nutriments.Par une troisième approche, mon but a été de mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui sous-tendent les forts effets observées des détritivores du sol sur la décomposition des litières et les effets de diversité. J’ai cherché à comprendre si la transformation de litière en fèces par le détritivores Glomeris marginata stimulait les décomposeurs microbiens, et si cette stimulation dépendait de la qualité de la litière ingérée. L’activité microbienne était stimulée pour les fèces issues de litières récalcitrantes, mais pas pour les fèces issus de litières de meilleure qualité initiale. Ainsi, les conséquences de la transformation de litière en fèces de macroarthropodes pour les décomposeurs microbiens dépend de l’espèce de litières et peut contribuer aux effets de diversité des litières.Les données collectées durant cette thèse montre que la diversité fonctionnelle des arbres peut affecter la décomposition des litières à travers plusieurs mécanismes à différentes étapes de la décomposition. Du fait de cette complexité, les conséquences des changements de diversité pour le cycle du C et des nutriments dans les forêts d’Europe peuvent être importantes, mais sont actuellement difficiles à prédire et à généraliserForest ecosystems play a key role in regulating the global carbon (C) and nutrient cycles, and the ongoing erosion of biodiversity is susceptible to modify these ecosystem functions. Over the past two decades, a strong research effort was put into the understanding of how changing biodiversity impacts primary productivity. The reverse process of respiratory C loss during organic matter breakdown however, remained much less studied. In this PhD thesis, I aimed at teasing apart the different mechanisms of how tree and associated leaf litter diversity may affect litter decomposition in European forest ecosystems using three distinct approaches.First, using a network of forest plots with tree diversity gradients in six major forest types across Europe, I studied the effects of tree diversity on litter decomposition through (i) modifications of the decomposition environment and (ii) the direct consequences of leaf litter diversity, with two litterbag experiments. Across all sites, while tree species richness had only a limited effect, forest canopy closure affected decomposition positively by potentially improving microclimatic conditions. In addition, mean chemical and physical quality traits of the litterfall, and trait dissimilarity in leaf litter from different species influenced decomposer communities in a way that decomposition of the common substrates was predictable to a reasonable degree. Once these effects were accounted for, the quality of decomposing litter showed an additional, but comparatively small impact. Collectively, these results suggest that the indirect effects of tree diversity on decomposition through microenvironmental controls are more important than the direct effects of the inherent quality of decomposing litter.With a second approach using microcosms under controlled-conditions, I aimed at assessing the role of soluble compounds leached from decomposing litter of different species for microbial-driven soil processes. Leachates from litter of broadleaved deciduous species differed in composition and quantity and induced stronger soil microbial respiration than those from litter of coniferous species. When the species-specific leachates were mixed, I observed non-additive mixing effects on soil microbial processes associated to the dissimilarity in leachate stoichiometry. Since leaching is the dominant process during the initial stage of decomposition, litter leachate identity and diversity may significantly contribute to the control of carbon and nutrient cycling.Finally, in a third approach my goal was to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the observed strong effects of soil detritivores on litter decomposition and diversity effects. I investigated whether the transformation of litter into feces by the detritivore Glomeris marginata stimulated microbial decomposers, and whether this stimulation depended on the quality of the ingested litter. Microbial activity was stimulated in feces derived from recalcitrant litter, but not in feces derived from litter of higher initial quality. In conclusion, the consequences of litter transformation into macroarthropod feces for microbial decomposers is litter species-specific which may further contribute to litter diversity effects.The data collected during my PhD thesis shows that the functional diversity of trees can affect litter decomposition through various mechanisms during different stages of decomposition. As a result of this complexity, the consequences of changes in biodiversity for the carbon and nutrient cycles in European forests can be substantial, but are presently difficult to predict and to generalize
Books on the topic "Litter production and decomposition"
1
Graça, Manuel A. S., Felix Bärlocher, and Mark O. Gessner, eds. Methods to Study Litter Decomposition. Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3466-0.
Full text
2
Bärlocher, Felix, Mark O. Gessner, and Manuel A. S. Graça, eds. Methods to Study Litter Decomposition. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30515-4.
Full text
3
Berg, Björn. Plant litter: Decomposition, humus formation, carbon sequestration. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2008.
Find full text
4
Gruselle, Marie-Cécile. Litter decomposition in mixed spruce-beech stands. Freiburg (Breisgau): Waldbau-Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 2010.
Find full text
5
S, Graças Manuel A., Bärlocher Felix, and Gessner Mark O, eds. Methods to study litter decomposition: A practical guide. Dordrecht: Springer, 2005.
Find full text
6
V, Reddy M., ed. Soil organisms and litter decomposition in the tropics. Boulder: Westview Press, 1995.
Find full text
7
Zhao, Xueyong. Litter decomposition in Naiman, Inner Mongolia, China in relation to climate and litter properties. Edited by Andrén Olof. Uppsala: Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för ekologi och miljövård, 1992.
Find full text
8
Swan, Christopher M., Luz Boyero, and Cristina Canhoto, eds. The Ecology of Plant Litter Decomposition in Stream Ecosystems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72854-0.
Full text
9
Ryszard, Laskowski, ed. Litter decomposition: A guide to carbon and nutrient turnover. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2006.
Find full text
10
Ovacik, Irfan M. Decomposition methods for complex factory scheduling problems. Boston, Mass: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Litter production and decomposition"
1
Suberkropp, K., M. O. Gessner, and K. A. Kuehn. "Fungal Growth Rates and Production." In Methods to Study Litter Decomposition, 257–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30515-4_28.
Full text
2
Coûteaux, M. M., P. Bottner, H. Rouhier, and G. Billès. "Atmospheric Co2Increase and Plant Material Quality: Production, Nitrogen Allocation and Litter Decomposition of Sweet Chestnut." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 429–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_40.
Full text
3
Cotrufo, M. E., M. Miller, and B. Zeller. "Litter Decomposition." In Ecological Studies, 276–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57219-7_13.
Full text
4
Robinson, C. T., and M. O. Gessner. "Litter Decomposition." In Ecology of a Glacial Flood Plain, 217–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0181-5_13.
Full text
5
Berg, Björn, and Charles McClaugherty. "Decomposition and ecosystem function." In Plant Litter, 203–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05349-2_11.
Full text
6
Berg, Björn, and Charles McClaugherty. "Decomposition as a process." In Plant Litter, 11–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05349-2_2.
Full text
7
Berg, Björn, and Charles McClaugherty. "Models that describe litter decomposition." In Plant Litter, 191–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05349-2_10.
Full text
8
Berg, Björn, and Charles McClaugherty. "Human activities that influence decomposition." In Plant Litter, 239–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05349-2_12.
Full text
9
Berg, Björn, and Charles McClaugherty. "Models that Describe Litter Decomposition." In Plant Litter, 189–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38821-7_9.
Full text
10
Elosegi, Arturo, and Jesús Pozo. "Litter Input." In Methods to Study Litter Decomposition, 3–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30515-4_1.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Litter production and decomposition"
1
Zhang, Xiaodong, Min Xu, Li Sun, Rongfeng Sun, Feipeng Cai, and Dongyan Guo. "Biomass Gasification for Syngas Production." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90591.
Full textAbstract:
For the concern with environment protection and energy security, much attention has been paid to alternative fuels from renewable resources in modern times, among which liquid fuel production from biomass gasification has aroused much enthuasitics. One two-stage gasification technology is proposed to promote the produciton of syngas suitable for F-T synthesis. The novel technology combines moving-bed pyrolysis, the secondary reinforcement decomposition, and reduction of pyrolysis intermediates. With the addition of certain amount of oxygen in the reaction scheme, large portion of large molecular hydrocarbons and some methane in the pyrolysis gas are reformed into hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and downstream reduction process also helps the mitigation of carbon dioxide emission. The secondary gasification stage proves to be effective in adjusting the product syngas composition to accommodate the requirment of the succeeding synthesis process. From preliminary test on pilot scale experimental facility, syngas with about the same content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide was achieved, with little content of tar. With water gas shift reaction, hydrogen content can be further increased to above 45 percent, resulting suitable H2/CO for downstream synthesis process.
2
Lamb, John A., Mark W. Bredehoeft, and Chris Dunsmore. "Where does turkey litter fit with sugarbeet production?" In American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2011.6.
Full text
3
Hui, Dafeng, Deqiang Zhang, and Richard J. Norby. "Field litter decomposition rate estimation: Does incubation starting time matter?" In 2011 International Conference on Multimedia Technology (ICMT). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmt.2011.6003374.
Full text
4
Lamb, John A., Mark W. Bredehoeft, and Chris Dunsmore. "WHERE DOES TURKEY LITTER FIT WITH SUGAR BEET PRODUCTION?" In 37th Biennial Meeting of American Society of Sugarbeet Technologist. ASSBT, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5274/assbt.2013.13.
Full text
5
Henryon, M., T. Ostersen, X. Guo, G. Su, and A. C. Sørensen. "785. Breeding for component traits of litter size at day 5 increases piglet survival while maintaining litter size at day 5." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_785.
Full text
6
Windig, J. J., M. L. Margarita, and H. P. Doekes. "759. Inbreeding and litter size in Dutch pedigreed dogs." In World Congress on Genetics Applied to Livestock Production. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-940-4_759.
Full text
7
Elizabeth Bowen High, Sheryll B Jerez, and Joey Bray. "Quantification of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Production from Poultry Litter." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27157.
Full text
8
Masunga, Gaseitsiwe Smollie, Banyana Kegoeng, Theophilus Kgosithaba, and Lucas Pius Rutina. "Decomposition of Tree Leaf Litter in Elephant-transformed Woodlands in Northern Botswana." In Environment and Water Resource Management / 837: Health Informatics / 838: Modelling and Simulation / 839: Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2016.836-028.
Full text
9
Frainer, André. "Spatial and temporal variation in insect functional diversity effects on litter decomposition." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91291.
Full text
10
Eulitz, Frank, Karl Engel, and Hermann Gebing. "Numerical Investigation of the Clocking Effects in a Multistage Turbine." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-026.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents a numerical study on turbine clocking using a stator/rotor/stator model configuration of equal pitches. The results of time accurate flow calculations for four clocking positions are compared. The unsteady, two dimensional Reynolds averaged equations are solved using a one-equation turbulence model by Spalart and Allmaras. In absence of a transition model, the flow is assumed to be fully turbulent. In a first analysis of the unsteady data, emphasis has been put on the loss production of the clocked stator. A Fourier decomposition of the specific entropy at the stator entry and exit is discussed. It is shown that clocking determines the degree of interaction of a stator with the wake of another upstream stator for a given rotor speed. Further, clocking has little upstream influence.
Reports on the topic "Litter production and decomposition"
1
Rihard L. Lindroth. Interacting CO2 and O3 effects on litter production, chemistry and decomposition in an aggrading northern forest ecosystem: final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827416.
Full text
2
Kelly, J. M. Dynamics of Litter Decomposition, Microbiota Populations, and Nutrient Movement Following Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions to a Deciduous Forest Stand. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814493.
Full text
3
Davis, Wayne, and Albert Jones. Mathematical decomposition and simulation in real-time production scheduling. Gaithersburg, MD: error:, January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.87-3639.
Full text
4
Kuperman, Roman G., Ronald T. Checkai, Michael Simini, Carlton T. Phillips, Geoffrey I. Sunahara, Jalal Hawari, Sylvie Rocheleau, and Louise Paquet. Energetic Materials Effects on Essential Soil Processes: Decomposition of Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) Litter in Soil Contaminated with Energetic Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594064.
Full text
5
Matthias C. Rillig. Controls on the production, incorporation and decomposition of glomalin - a novel fungal soil protein important to soil carbon. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/819024.
Full text
6
Rouseff, Russell L., and Michael Naim. Characterization of Unidentified Potent Flavor Changes during Processing and Storage of Orange and Grapefruit Juices. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585191.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Citrus juice flavor quality traditionally diminishes after thermal processing and continuously during storage. Our prior studies found that four of the five most potent off-aromas formed during orange juice storage had not been identified. The primary emphasis of this project was to characterize and identify those potent flavor degrading aroma volatiles so that methods to control them could be developed and final flavor quality improved. Our original objectives included: 1 Isolate and characterize the most important unidentified aroma impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization and storage. 2. Determination of thiamine and carotenoid thermal decomposition and Strecker degradation pathways in model solutions as possible precursors for the unidentified off-flavors. 3. Evaluate the effectiveness of an "electronic nose" to differentiate the headspace aromas of from untreated and heat pasteurized orange and grapefruit juices. 4. Use model systems of citrus juices to investigate the three possible precursor pathways (from 2) for flavor impact compounds formed or lost during pasteurization or storage. RESULTS - The components responsible for citrus storage off flavors and their putative precursors have now been identified. Certain carotenoids (b-carotene) can thermally degrade to produce b-ionone and b-damascenone which are floral and tobacco smelling respectively. Our GC-O and sensory experiments indicated that b-damascenone is a potential storage off-flavor in orange juice. Thiamine (Vitamin B1) degradation produces 2-methyl-3-furan thiol, MFT, and its dimer bis(2- methyl-3-furyl) disulfide which both produce meaty, savory aromas. GC-O and sensory studies indicated that MFT is another storage off-flavor. Methional (potato aroma) is another off flavor produced primarily from the reaction of the native amino acid, methionine, and oxidized ascorbic acid (vitamin C). This is a newly discovered pathway for the production of methional and is more dominant in juices than the classic Maillard reaction. These newly identified off flavors diminish the flavor quality of citrus juices as they distort the flavor balance and introduce non-typical aromas to the juice flavor profile. In addition, we have demonstrated that some of the poor flavor quality citrus juice found in the market place is not only from the production of these and other off flavors but also due to the absence of desirable flavor components including several potent aldehydes and a few esters. The absence of these compounds appears to be due to incomplete flavor volatile restoration after the making of juice concentrates. We are the first to demonstrate that not all flavor volatiles are removed along with water in the production of juice concentrate. In the case of grapefruit juice we have documented which flavor volatiles are completely removed, which are partially removed and which actually increase because of the thermal process. Since more that half of all citrus juices is made into concentrate, this information will allow producers to more accurately restore the original flavor components and produce a juice with a more natural flavor. IMPLICATIONS - We have shown that the aroma of citrus juices is controlled by only 1-2% of the total volatiles. The vast majority of other volatiles have little to no direct aroma activity. The critical volatiles have now been identified. The ability to produce high quality citrus juices requires that manufacturers know which chemical components control aroma and flavor. In addition to identifying the critical flavor components (both positive and negative), we have also identified several precursors. The behavior of these key aroma compounds and their precursors during common manufacturing and storage conditions has been documented so manufacturers in Israel and the US can alter production practices to minimize the negative ones and maximize the positive ones.
7
Rachid B. Slimane, Francis S. Lau, and Javad Abbasian. Production of Hydrogen by Superadiabatic Decomposition of Hydrogen Sulfide - Final Technical Report for the Period June 1, 1999 - September 30, 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/771057.
Full text
8
Spencer, Thomas E., Elisha Gootwine, Arieh Gertler, and Fuller W. Bazer. Placental lactogen enhances production efficiency in sheep. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7586543.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The key objectives of this BARD project were to: (1) study long-term effects of immunization of prepubertal ewes against recombinant ovine placental lactogen (roPL) on subsequent birth weights of their lambs and their milk production; (2) optimize the anti-roPL immunization protocol using adjuvant preparations acceptable to producers and regulatory agencies; and (3) determine the physiological mechanism(s) whereby immunization against oPL increases fetal growth and development and mammogenesis. These objectives were based on key findings from a previous BARD project that: (a) immunization of ewes against roPL increased lamb birth weight and ewe milk production during lactation; (b) roPL and recombinant ovine growth hormone (roGH) increased the proliferation and differentiated function of endometrial glands that, in turn, would enhance uterine secretions necessary for fetal and placental growth; and (c) exogenous roPL and roGH stimulated mammogenesis and milk production during lactation. The BARD projects address central problems in sheep production, including reproductive failure due to embryonic/fetal mortality, low birth weight of lambs especially in prolific breeds, and reduced milk yields which affect neonatal survival. The sheep placenta secretes both lactogenic (oPL) and somatogenic (oGH) hormones. The receptors for those hormones are present in the fetus and placenta as well as maternal uterus, and mammary gland. Our research has focused on determining the biological role of these placental hormones in development and differentiation of the uterus during gestation and the mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation. Studies conducted in the current BARD project indicated that the effects of anti-roPL immunization were variable in ewes and that commercially available and widely acceptable adjuvant preparations were not effective to produce high anti-roPL titers in pre-pubertal ewes. In the non-prolific Rambouillet ewe in Texas and in the Awassi and the Assaf in Israel, anti-roPL immunization increased lamb birth weight; however, the magnitude of this effect and the inherent variability precluded our ability to determine the physiological mechanism of how the immunization increases fetal growth. Collectively, our findings suggest that anti-roPL immunization is not currently feasible as an easy and efficacious tool for the producer to increase flock reproductive and production efficiency. The variability in response of individual ewes to anti-roPL immunization likely includes modifying the recombinant hormone and the type of adjuvant used for the immunization. In particular, the oPL may need to be modified to ensure maximum antigenicity in a broad range of breed types. Nonetheless, the investigators continue to collaborate on identifying fundamental mechanisms that can be improved by genetics or management to enhance the efficiency of uteroplacental function and, in turn, fetal growth and development. High prolificacy is a desirable trait in intensive sheep production systems. One of the main limitations of using prolific breeds of sheep is that increased litter size is associated with low birth weights and increased mortality of lambs. Further, low birth weight is associated with an increased propensity for adult diseases and decreased production efficiency. Indeed, our recent studies find that the birth weights of lambs born in large litters can be improved by both genetics and management. Future cooperative research will continue to focus on reproductive efficiency of sheep that have broader implications for improving production efficiency in all types of ruminant livestock.
9
VanderGheynst, Jean, Michael Raviv, Jim Stapleton, and Dror Minz. Effect of Combined Solarization and in Solum Compost Decomposition on Soil Health. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594388.bard.
Full textAbstract:
In soil solarization, moist soil is covered with a transparent plastic film, resulting in passive solar heating which inactivates soil-borne pathogen/weed propagules. Although solarization is an effective alternative to soil fumigation and chemical pesticide application, it is not widely used due to its long duration, which coincides with the growing season of some crops, thereby causing a loss of income. The basis of this project was that solarization of amended soil would be utilized more widely if growers could adopt the practice without losing production. In this research we examined three factors expected to contribute to greater utilization of solarization: 1) investigation of techniques that increase soil temperature, thereby reducing the time required for solarization; 2) development and validation of predictive soil heating models to enable informed decisions regarding soil and solarization management that accommodate the crop production cycle, and 3) elucidation of the contributions of microbial activity and microbial community structure to soil heating during solarization. Laboratory studies and a field trial were performed to determine heat generation in soil amended with compost during solarization. Respiration was measured in amended soil samples prior to and following solarization as a function of soil depth. Additionally, phytotoxicity was estimated through measurement of germination and early growth of lettuce seedlings in greenhouse assays, and samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing to characterize microbial communities. Amendment of soil with 10% (g/g) compost containing 16.9 mg CO2/g dry weight organic carbon resulted in soil temperatures that were 2oC to 4oC higher than soil alone. Approximately 85% of total organic carbon within the amended soil was exhausted during 22 days of solarization. There was no significant difference in residual respiration with soil depth down to 17.4 cm. Although freshly amended soil proved highly inhibitory to lettuce seed germination and seedling growth, phytotoxicity was not detected in solarized amended soil after 22 days of field solarization. The sequencing data obtained from field samples revealed similar microbial species richness and evenness in both solarized amended and non-amended soil. However, amendment led to enrichment of a community different from that of non-amended soil after solarization. Moreover, community structure varied by soil depth in solarized soil. Coupled with temperature data from soil during solarization, community data highlighted how thermal gradients in soil influence community structure and indicated microorganisms that may contribute to increased soil heating during solarization. Reliable predictive tools are necessary to characterize the solarization process and to minimize the opportunity cost incurred by farmers due to growing season abbreviation, however, current models do not accurately predict temperatures for soils with internal heat generation associated with the microbial breakdown of the soil amendment. To address the need for a more robust model, a first-order source term was developed to model the internal heat source during amended soil solarization. This source term was then incorporated into an existing “soil only” model and validated against data collected from amended soil field trials. The expanded model outperformed both the existing stable-soil model and a constant source term model, predicting daily peak temperatures to within 0.1°C during the critical first week of solarization. Overall the results suggest that amendment of soil with compost prior to solarization may be of value in agricultural soil disinfestations operations, however additional work is needed to determine the effects of soil type and organic matter source on efficacy. Furthermore, models can be developed to predict soil temperature during solarization, however, additional work is needed to couple heat transfer models with pathogen and weed inactivation models to better estimate solarization duration necessary for disinfestation.
10
Upadhyaya, Shrini K., Abraham Shaviv, Abraham Katzir, Itzhak Shmulevich, and David S. Slaughter. Development of A Real-Time, In-Situ Nitrate Sensor. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586537.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Although nitrate fertilizers are critical for enhancing crop production, excess application of nitrate fertilizer can result in ground water contamination leading to the so called "nitrate problem". Health and environmental problems related to this "nitrate problem" have led to serious concerns in many parts of the world including the United States and Israel. These concerns have resulted in legislation limiting the amount of nitrate N in drinking water to 10mg/g. Development of a fast, reliable, nitrate sensor for in-situ application can be extremely useful in dynamic monitoring of environmentally sensitive locations and applying site-specific amounts of nitrate fertilizer in a precision farming system. The long range objective of this study is to develop a fast, reliable, real-time nitrate sensor. The specific objective of this one year feasibility study was to explore the possible use of nitrate sensor based on mid-IR spectroscopy developed at UCD along with the silver halide fiber ATR (i.e. attenuated total internal reflection) sensor developed at TAU to detect nitrate content in solution and soil paste in the presence of interfering compounds. Experiments conducted at Technion and UCD clearly demonstrate the feasibility of detecting nitrate content in solutions as well as soil pastes using mid-IR spectroscopy and an ATR technique. When interfering compounds such as carbonates, bicarbonates, organic matter etc. are present special data analysis technique such as singular value decomposition (SYD) or cross correlation was necessary to detect nitrate concentrations successfully. Experiments conducted in Israel show that silver halide ATR fiber based FEWS, particularly flat FEWS, resulted in low standard error and high coefficient of determination (i.e. R² values) indicating the potential of the flat Fiberoptic Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) for direct determinations of nitrate. Moreover, they found that it was possible to detect nitrate and other anion concentrations using anion exchange membranes and M1R spectroscopy. The combination of the ion-exchange membranes with fiberoptices offers one more option to direct determination of nitrate in environmental systems.