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Journal articles on the topic 'Litoria aurea'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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1

Sladakovic, Izidora, Robert S. Johnson, and Larry Vogelnest. "Evaluation of Intramuscular Alfaxalone in Three Australian Frog Species (Litoria caerulea, Litoria aurea, Litoria booroolongensis)." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/1529-9651-24.1.36.

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2

Stockwell, Michelle P., Deborah S. Bower, John Clulow, and Michael J. Mahony. "The role of non-declining amphibian species as alternative hosts for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in an amphibian community." Wildlife Research 43, no. 4 (2016): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15223.

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Context Pathogens with reservoir hosts have been responsible for most disease-induced wildlife extinctions because the decline of susceptible hosts does not cause the decline of the pathogen. The existence of reservoirs for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis limits population recovery and conservation actions for threatened amphibians. As such, the effect of reservoirs on disease risk within host community assemblages needs to be considered, but rarely is. Aims In this study we aimed to determine if amphibian species co-occurring with the green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea, a declining species susceptible to B. dendrobatidis, act as alternate hosts. Methods We quantified B. dendrobatidis infection levels, sub-lethal effects on body condition and terminal signs of disease in amphibian communities on Kooragang Island and Sydney Olympic Park in New South Wales, Australia, where two of the largest remaining L. aurea populations persist. Key results We found L. aurea carried infections at a similar prevalence (6–38%) to alternate species. Infection loads ranged widely (0.01–11 107.3 zoospore equivalents) and L. aurea differed from only one alternate host species (higher median load in Litoria fallax) at one site. There were no terminal or sub-lethal signs of disease in any species co-occurring with L. aurea. Conclusion Our results suggest that co-occurring species are acting as alternate hosts to L. aurea and whether their presence dilutes or amplifies B. dendrobatidis in the community is a priority for future research. Implications For L. aurea and many other susceptible species, confirming the existence of reservoir hosts and understanding their role in community disease dynamics will be important for optimising the outcomes of threat mitigation and habitat creation initiatives for their long-term conservation.

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3

Rozek, Tomas, Kate L. Wegener, John H. Bowie, Ian N. Olver, John A. Carver, John C. Wallace, and Michael J. Tyler. "The antibiotic and anticancer active aurein peptides from the Australian Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and Litoria raniformis." European Journal of Biochemistry 267, no. 17 (September 2000): 5330–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01536.x.

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4

Burns, Emma, and Gianfrancesco Ferrari. "Microsatellite Loci for the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria Aurea)." Conservation Genetics 5, no. 3 (June 2004): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:coge.0000031142.55184.5f.

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5

Hutchinson, MN, and LR Maxson. "Phylogenetic-Relationships Among Australian Tree Frogs (Anura, Hylidae, Pelodryadinae) - an Immunological Approach." Australian Journal of Zoology 35, no. 1 (1987): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9870061.

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Phylogenetic relationships among hylid frogs of the Australian region were studied by micro-complement fixation comparisons of serum albumin. Although our data support current species-group arrangements, we do not find good agreement between our phylogenetic hypotheses and those derived from morphological and karyological studies. Immunological analyses provide data which allow the construction of a phylogeny for the Australian radiation of the speciose genus Litoria, and suggest dividing the species of Litoria examined into five major species-assemblages, each of which is probably monophyletic. The sister- group relationship between the Litoria aurea group and Cyclorana is confirmed, and the diphyletic origin of the terrestrial hylids is supported. The radiation of Australian hylids is monophyletic with respect to the outgroup taxon (Hyla) used in this study, and the origin of diversification within the genus correlates well with estimates of the final separation of Australia from Antarctica-South America. Preliminary data suggest that the endemic New Guinean taxa (Nyctimystes and the montane Litoria) are closely related to the Australian 'freycineti' assemblage within Litoria. Albumin from Litoria infrafrenata cross-reacted poorly with all available Australian antisera, suggesting that this species may have originated independently of the rest of the Australian hylids. Our data support the classification of Australian tree frogs as hylids, rather than as leptodactyloid offshoots.

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6

VÖRÖS, JUDIT, SKYE WASSENS, LUKE PRICE, DAVID HUNTER, STEVEN MYERS, KYLE ARMSTRONG, MICHAEL J. MAHONY, and STEPHEN DONNELLAN. "Molecular systematic analysis demonstrates that the threatened southern bell frog, Litoria raniformis (Anura: Pelodryadidae) of eastern Australia, comprises two sub-species." Zootaxa 5228, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 1–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5228.1.1.

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In south-eastern Australia, the pelodryadid Litoria aurea Group (sensu Tyler & Davies 1978) comprises three species: Litoria aurea (Lesson, 1829), Litoria raniformis (Keferstein, 1867), and Litoria castanea (Steindachner, 1867). All three species have been subject to declines over recent decades and taxonomic uncertainty persists among populations on the tablelands in New South Wales. We address the systematics of the Group by analysing mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences to assess divergence in the Litoria raniformis from across its current range in New South Wales (NSW), Victoria, South Australia (SA) and Tasmania. We also included samples of Litoria castanea from a recently rediscovered population in the southern tablelands of NSW. Our phylogenetic and population genetic analyses show that Litoria raniformis comprises northern and southern lineages, showing deep mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence (7% net average sequence divergence) and can be diagnosed by fixed allelic differences at more than 4,000 SNP loci. Samples of the northern lineage were collected from the Murray-Darling Basin while those of the southern lineage were collected from south-eastern South Australia, southern and south-eastern Victoria and Tasmania. Analysis of the morphology and bioacoustics did not unequivocally delineate the two lineages. The presence of a hybrid backcross individual in western Victoria at the northern margin of the southern lineage, leads us to assign sub-species status to the two lineages, L. r. raniformis for the northern lineage and L. r. major for the southern lineage. Our data do not unequivocally resolve the taxonomic status of L. castanea which will require molecular genetic analyses of museum vouchers from those parts of the range where L. castanea and L. raniformis are no longer extant. Our data also suggest that human mediated movement of frogs may have occurred over the past 50 years. Our genotyping of vouchers collected in the 1970s from the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia detected mitochondrial haplotypes of both sub-species and SNP analysis showed that a single Tasmanian specimen was a backcross with L. r. raniformis ancestry. Movement of L. r. raniformis into Tasmania and both sub-species into the Mount Lofty Ranges are not likely due to passive movements of animals through agricultural commerce, but due to the attractiveness of the species as pets and subsequent escapes or releases, potentially of the larval life stage.

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7

Burns, Emma L., Mark D. B. Eldridge, and Bronwyn A. Houlden. "Microsatellite variation and population structure in a declining Australian Hylid Litoria aurea." Molecular Ecology 13, no. 7 (April 22, 2004): 1745–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02190.x.

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8

Upton, Rose, Simon Clulow, Rebecca Seeto, Lesley Wong, Michael Mahony, and John Clulow. "Successful sperm cryopreservation and generated offspring of the endangered frog, Litoria aurea." Cryobiology 85 (December 2018): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.10.114.

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9

Dickman, Christopher, and Michelle Christy. "Effects of salinity on tadpoles of the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea)." Amphibia-Reptilia 23, no. 1 (2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853802320877582.

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AbstractWe investigated the effects of various salinities on larval growth, metamorphosis and survival in the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea). This large hylid was formerly common on the east coast of Australia, but now occurs in only a few scattered localities where rising salt is one of a number of potential threats. Tadpoles tolerated salinity up to 4% seawater (sw; 1.58‰) without apparent effect, but salinity of 5.5% sw (1.87‰) and above significantly decreased growth rates and increased mortality. Salinity of 10% sw (4.41‰) caused mortality of all individuals within 72 days, 20% sw within four days, and 25% sw within five hours. Salinities from 10-15% sw (4.41-6.73‰) were tolerated for short periods (up to 3 weeks) before significant weight loss and mortality resulted, indicating a detrimental cumulative effect with high salinity. Metamorphosis occurred frequently below 5.5% sw but did not occur above 5.5% sw. Although L. aurea tadpoles can tolerate moderate salinities, increased salinisation caused by substantial land clearing, urban run-off and accumulation of salt in some waterbodies may contribute to the reduction of populations.

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10

Leu, Stephan T., Martin J. Whiting, and Michael J. Mahony. "Making Friends: Social Attraction in Larval Green and Golden Bell Frogs, Litoria aurea." PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 12, 2013): e56460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056460.

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11

Browne, R. K., M. Pomering, and A. J. Hamer. "High density effects on the growth, development and survival of Litoria aurea tadpoles." Aquaculture 215, no. 1-4 (January 2003): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00205-3.

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12

DeBoo, Matthew L., Terry Bertozzi, Stephen Donnellan, and Michael J. Mahony. "Development of eight microsatellite loci from the Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea) through GS-FLX pyrosequencing and cross-amplification with other species of the Litoria aurea species group." Conservation Genetics Resources 4, no. 4 (July 13, 2012): 1003–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12686-012-9693-7.

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13

White, A. W., and G. H. Pyke. "Vegetation mounds as over-winter Habitat for Green and Golden Bell frogs Litoria aurea." Australian Zoologist 37, no. 4 (September 2015): 510–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2015.007.

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14

Krull, Cheryll, and Bastain Egeter. "Feral pig (Sus scrofa) predation of a green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea)." New Zealand Journal of Ecology 40, no. 1 (2016): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20417/nzjecol.40.21.

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15

Burns, Emma L., Mark D. B. Eldridge, Darren M. Crayn, and Bronwyn A. Houlden. "Low Phylogeographic Structure in a Wide Spread Endangered Australian Frog Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae)." Conservation Genetics 8, no. 1 (June 23, 2006): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10592-006-9143-8.

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16

Hamer, Andrew J., Simon J. Lane, and Michael J. Mahony. "Retreat Site Selection during Winter in the Green and Golden Bell Frog, Litoria aurea Lesson." Journal of Herpetology 37, no. 3 (September 2003): 541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/85-02an.

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17

Vitali, Simone, Phillip Matson, J. Dale Roberts, Glen Gaikhorst, and Robert Browne. "Exogenous hormones induce poor rates of oviposition in the anurans, Litoria moorei and L. aurea." Applied Herpetology 5, no. 1 (2008): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075408783489194.

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18

Upton, Rose, Simon Clulow, Natalie E. Calatayud, Kim Colyvas, Rebecca G. Y. Seeto, Lesley A. M. Wong, Michael J. Mahony, and John Clulow. "Generation of reproductively mature offspring from the endangered green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea using cryopreserved spermatozoa." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 33, no. 9 (2021): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd20296.

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Amphibians are becoming increasingly reliant on captive breeding programs for continued survival. Assisted reproductive technologies including gamete cryopreservation and IVF can help reduce costs of breeding programs, provide insurance against extinction and assist genetic rescue in wild populations. However, the use of these technologies to produce reproductively mature offspring has only been demonstrated in a few non-model species. We aimed to optimise sperm cryopreservation in the threatened frog Litoria aurea and generate mature offspring from frozen–thawed spermatozoa by IVF. We tested three concentrations (1.4, 2.1 and 2.8M) of the cryoprotectants dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and glycerol with 0.3M sucrose. Using DMSO was more likely to result in recovery of sperm motility, vitality and acrosome integrity than glycerol, regardless of concentration, with forward progressive motility being most sensitive to damage. The lowest concentrations of 1.4 and 2.1M provided the best protection regardless of cryoprotectant type. Spermatozoa cryopreserved in 2.1M DMSO outperformed spermatozoa cryopreserved in equivalent concentrations of glycerol in terms of their ability to fertilise ova, resulting in higher rates of embryos hatching and several individuals reaching sexual maturity. We have demonstrated that sperm cryopreservation and subsequent offspring generation via IVF is a feasible conservation tool for L. aurea and other threatened amphibians.

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19

De Chambrier, A. "Redescription of Ophiotaenia hylae Johnston, 1912 (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidea), parasite of Litoria aurea (Amphibia: Hylidae) from Australia." Revue suisse de zoologie. 111 (2004): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80243.

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20

Maxson, LR, DP Ondrula, and MJ Tyler. "An Immunological Perspective on Evolutionary Relationships in Australian Frogs of the Hylid Genus Cyclorana." Australian Journal of Zoology 33, no. 1 (1985): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9850017.

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Detailed morphological studies as well as recent biochemical analyses have demonstrated substantial differentiation within the widespread Australian hylid frog genus Cyclorana. To further investigate species relationships within Cyclorana, supplemental immunological studies were performed. Serum albumins of 10 species of Cyclorana and three species of the related hylid genus Litoria were compared by means of the quantitative micro-complement fixation technique. This analysis suggests that there are three Cyclorana lineages: C. maini, C. cultripes, C. brevipes and C. longipes forming one cluster, C. australis clustering with L. alboguttata, and C. platycephalus. All species of Cyclorana studied, as well as L. alboguttata, are genetically closest to, but distinct from, species in the L. aurea species-group.

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21

Zheng, Mengjun, Ruina Wang, Si Chen, Yan Zou, Lan Yan, Linjing Zhao, and Xiang Li. "Design, Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Stapled Aurein1.2 Peptides." Antibiotics 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10080956.

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Aurein1.2 is a 13-residue antimicrobial peptide secreted by the Australian tree frog Litoria aurea. In order to improve its stabilities, the helical contents and corresponding biological activities of Aurein1.2 (a series of stapled analogues) were synthesized, and their potential antifungal activities were evaluated. Not surprisingly, the stapled Aurein1.2 peptides showed higher proteolytic stability and helicity than the linear counterpart. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ten stapled peptides against six strains of common pathogenic fungi was determined by the microscale broth dilution method recommended by CLSI. Of them, Sau-1, Sau-2, Sau-5, and Sau-9 exhibited better inhibitory effects on the fungi than the linear peptide. These stapled Aurein1.2 peptides may serve as the leading compounds for further optimization and antifungal therapy.

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22

Hamer, Andrew J., and Michael J. Mahony. "Life history of an endangered amphibian challenges the declining species paradigm." Australian Journal of Zoology 55, no. 2 (2007): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo06093.

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Declining species of vertebrates, including amphibians, have a life history that is characterised by low fecundity, long time to maturity, limited capacity to disperse and habitat specialisation. However, by studying aspects of the life history of an endangered amphibian in south-eastern Australia we show that a paradox may exist for some declining amphibians. We used standard mark–recapture methods over two breeding seasons (2000–01) to study a population of the green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) on Kooragang Island, New South Wales, with the aim of determining its age structure, and the growth and survival rates of individuals. Two age classes for males and three for females were derived using von Bertalanffy growth models. Around a quarter of the male and female marked population was a first-year cohort. The male and female age structures appeared to be stable over the two breeding seasons. However, there were fewer female L. aurea in the <12-month age class and more in the >24-month age class in 2001, which may indicate that recruitment declined in the study area. A short time to maturity (~3 months) was recorded for males. The maximum-likelihood estimate of survival for males in the 2000 breeding season was relatively high (0.76), although the capture probability was low (0.19). The biology of L. aurea conforms to an ‘r’-strategist, which is characteristic of a colonising or ‘weed-like’ species and not of one that has become extinct over much of its former range.

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Hamer, Andrew J., Simon J. Lane, and Michael J. Mahony. "Movement Patterns of Adult Green and Golden Bell Frogs Litoria aurea and the Implications for Conservation Management." Journal of Herpetology 42, no. 2 (June 2008): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/07-0862.1.

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24

Burns, Emma L., and Darren M. Crayn. "Phylogenetics and evolution of bell frogs (Litoria aurea species-group, Anura: Hylidae) based on mitochondrial ND4 sequences." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39, no. 2 (May 2006): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.017.

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25

Valdez, J., K. Klop-Toker, M. P. Stockwell, S. Clulow, J. Clulow, and M. J. Mahony. "Microhabitat selection varies by sex and age class in the endangered green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea." Australian Zoologist 38, no. 2 (December 2016): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2016.031.

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26

Kearney, Brian D., Phillip G. Byrne, and Richard D. Reina. "Larval Tolerance to Salinity in Three Species of Australian Anuran: An Indication of Saline Specialisation in Litoria aurea." PLoS ONE 7, no. 8 (August 20, 2012): e43427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043427.

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27

Pan, N., L. Wang, M. Zhou, T. Chen, and C. Shaw. "A potent novel antimicrobial peptide related to caerin 1.12 from the skin secretion of the Australian frog, Litoria aurea." Regulatory Peptides 164, no. 1 (September 2010): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2010.07.129.

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28

Browne, R. K., and D. L. Edwards. "The effect of temperature on the growth and development of the endangered green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea)." Journal of Thermal Biology 28, no. 4 (May 2003): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0306-4565(03)00006-8.

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29

Valdez, Jose W., Kaya Klop-Toker, Michelle P. Stockwell, Loren Fardell, Simon Clulow, John Clulow, and Michael J. Mahony. "Informing compensatory habitat creation with experimental trials: a 3-year study of a threatened amphibian." Oryx 53, no. 2 (June 21, 2017): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317000394.

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AbstractThe creation or restoration of habitat to mitigate biodiversity loss is a common conservation strategy. Evidence-based research via an extensively monitored trial study should be undertaken prior to large-scale implementation to predict success and identify potential limiting factors. We constructed an experimental trial habitat for the threatened green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea, in Australia, to inform a broader programme of compensatory habitat creation. Individuals were released into the trial plot and a nearby natural wetland for comparison to determine if the created habitat would support their growth, survival and persistence. Half of the trial waterbodies were enclosed within an exclusion fence to separate the effects of habitat suitability from ecological processes. We found the habitat provided L. aurea with sufficient resources to grow, survive and persist for 3 years. However, no breeding occurred, and further investigations need to focus on understanding the drivers of reproduction. Although a disease outbreak occurred during the study, persistence continued for the next 2 years. This was attributed to the large number of individuals released, a strategy we recommend for future mitigation strategies to account for low survival and high turnover rates. Dispersal probably affected abundance in the unfenced areas, and landscape-level initiatives are suggested for this species. This study demonstrates that experimental trials are valuable, as they can inform future habitat management by identifying limitations that could hinder success prior to the implementation of large-scale initiatives.

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Klop-Toker, Kaya L., Jose W. Valdez, Michelle P. Stockwell, Matthew E. Edgar, Loren Fardell, Simon Clulow, John Clulow, and Michael J. Mahony. "Assessing host response to disease treatment: how chytrid-susceptible frogs react to increased water salinity." Wildlife Research 44, no. 8 (2017): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16145.

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Context The severity and prevalence of the amphibian fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is correlated with several environmental variables, including salinity, temperature, and moisture content, which influence the pathogen’s growth and survival. Habitats that contain these environmental variables at levels outside of those optimal for Bd growth and survival may facilitate the survival of susceptible host species. Therefore, manipulation of environmental salinity is a potential management strategy to help conserve Bd-susceptible species. However, host behaviour also influences disease dynamics, and the success of habitat manipulation programs depends on how hosts use this altered habitat. Aims To assess if the Bd-susceptible green and golden bell frog, Litoria aurea, will select waterbodies with a salinity increased to S=3; if this selection is affected by infection; and if a frog’s time in a waterbody of this salinity affects infection load or blood physiology. Methods We conducted a filmed choice experiment and a 3-year field study where infected and uninfected frogs could choose between fresh or saline waterbodies. Key results In both the laboratory experiment and field study, Bd-infected L. aurea spent a significantly greater amount of time in or closer to a waterbody than uninfected frogs. Experimentally infected frogs tended to prefer the saline water over fresh, but their choice of water usage did not differ statistically from uninfected frogs. In the field, frogs began to avoid ponds when salinities rose above S=5. Conclusions Because both wild and captive, and infected and uninfected L. aurea readily selected waterbodies with a salinity of S=3, this salinity could potentially be used as a passive method for reducing the severity of Bd when managing this species. However, further testing is needed to understand the efficacy of this treatment, and care must be taken to prevent salinities rising above S=5, because this level seems to produce an avoidance response and therefore may not be suitable in every location. Implications Manipulation of aquatic habitats may be a worthwhile focus for Bd management in habitats where water level fluctuations are minimal.

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31

Greer, Allen E. "Developmental and Evolutionary Implications of Some Limb Abnormalities in a Sample of Green and Golden Bell Frogs, Litoria aurea (Hylidae)." Journal of Herpetology 31, no. 4 (December 1997): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1565620.

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32

Hamer, Andrew J., Simon J. Lane, and Michael J. Mahony. "Management of freshwater wetlands for the endangered green and golden bell frog ( Litoria aurea ): roles of habitat determinants and space." Biological Conservation 106, no. 3 (August 2002): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(02)00040-x.

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33

Nicolas, Violaine, Violaine Nicolas, Philippe Grandcolas, Violaine Nicolas, Philippe Grandcolas, Frédéric Braux, Violaine Nicolas, et al. "Recent species in old Islands: the origin of introduced populations of Litoria aurea (Anura: Hylidae) in New Caledonia and Wallis." Amphibia-Reptilia 36, no. 1 (2015): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00002978.

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New Caledonia is a megadiverse tropical island in the southwest Pacific, however, inhabited by only one species of amphibian, Litoria aurea (Hylidae). We used both molecular (CO1 and ND4 gene sequencing) and morphometric data to explore its geographical origin and timing of colonisation. We tested whether this species arrived through transoceanic dispersal before human arrival in the island, or recently through anthropogenic introduction. We found a weak phylogeographical structure within this species, and lower haplotype diversity in New Zealand, New Caledonia and Wallis compared to Australia. No significant genetic differentiation was found between pairs of populations in New Caledonia and Wallis, or between pairs of population from these two islands. We observed a high level of morphometric differentiation between Australian and island populations, and a low level of morphometric differentiation between island populations. Our results support an Australian origin for insular frogs. The possibility of a trans-marine dispersal from Australia to New Caledonia and/or Wallis in-between the Eocene and the Pleistocene cannot be favoured, given the low level of genetic differentiation. Our results are consistent with a recent human introduction, most likely during European times. Our data support the historical absence of amphibians in the old island New Caledonia, and is consistent with the new biogeographical paradigm that this island was totally re-colonized after emergence in Eocene. More studies are necessary to explain the success of this frog in oceanic islands, where it is widespread and abundant, compared to Australia, where it is declining.

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34

Chen, Tianbao, Christopher Scott, Lijun Tang, Mei Zhou, and Chris Shaw. "The structural organization of aurein precursor cDNAs from the skin secretion of the Australian green and golden bell frog, Litoria aurea." Regulatory Peptides 128, no. 1 (May 2005): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2004.12.022.

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35

Sanders, Madeleine R., Simon Clulow, Deborah S. Bower, John Clulow, and Michael J. Mahony. "Predator Presence and Vegetation Density Affect Capture Rates and Detectability of Litoria aurea Tadpoles: Wide-Ranging Implications for a Common Survey Technique." PLOS ONE 10, no. 11 (November 25, 2015): e0143733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143733.

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36

Valdez, Jose W., Kaya Klop-Toker, Michelle P. Stockwell, Loren Fardell, Simon Clulow, John Clulow, and Michael J. Mahony. "Differences in microhabitat selection patterns between a remnant and constructed landscape following management intervention." Wildlife Research 44, no. 3 (2017): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr16172.

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Context Achieving successful conservation outcomes in habitat creation and reintroductions requires an understanding of how species use their habitat and respond to these interventions. However, few initiatives directly compare microhabitat selection between remnant and managed habitats to measure effectiveness and evaluate outcomes. Probability of detection is also rarely included in studies on microhabitat use, which may lead to erroneous conclusions if detectability varies between variables. Methods In this study, we used the endangered green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) to compare differences in microhabitat-use patterns in both a remnant and a constructed habitat. A detectability study was also conducted to determine detection probabilities among microhabitats. Key results Aquatic vegetation was used more than expected in both the remnant and constructed habitats, and rock piles were utilised less than expected in the constructed habitat, despite their recommendation in most habitat templates. We found that detection probabilities altered the outcomes of abundance estimates for nearly all the measured microhabitat variables. Conclusions Future management for this species should focus on providing high proportions of aquatic vegetation. Furthermore, although rock piles have been utilised greatly in past L. aurea habitat creation, placing large rocks on a managed site is expensive and time consuming. Future management initiatives may need to focus on providing smaller proportion of rocks, which would be a more appropriate use of resources. Implications With conservation management projects increasing over the next few decades, understanding habitat use before implementing strategies should be a priority as it will provide important insights and inform decision-making for optimum habitat creation and restoration. Furthermore, accounting for detectability in microhabitat use studies is essential to avoid wrong conclusions that may negatively affect the success of ecological management strategies.

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Hanford, J. K., D. F. Hochuli, and C. E. Webb. "Observations of an unexpected abundance of estuarine mosquitoes associated with an urban freshwater wetland." Australian Zoologist 41, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2020.014.

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ABSTRACT Urban freshwater wetlands have been identified as a potential source of mosquitoes of pest and public health concern in Australia. Mosquitoes most commonly associated with these habitats include Anopheles annulipes, Culex annulirostris, Culex quinquefasciatus, Coquillettidia linealis and Mansonia uniformis. However, adaptive management of freshwater wetlands for wildlife conservation or vegetation management can alter the local environmental conditions and may provide opportunities for other mosquito species to exploit these habitats. A series of small wetlands at Sydney Olympic Park, NSW, were drained in spring 2016 and allowed to refill via rainfall to improve conditions for the endangered green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea. Below-average rainfall was experienced that summer and the wetlands did not fully refill until early autumn. Surprisingly, immature stages of the estuarine mosquito, Aedes vigilax, were observed in the freshwater wetlands in exceptional abundances during this period. Adjacent to these freshwater wetlands there are extensive saltmarsh and mangrove habitats where highly abundant populations of Ae. vigilax are common. Observations of use of freshwater habitats by this estuarine mosquito have implications for urban freshwater wetland management and rehabilitation strategies, which currently do not consider the potential pest and public health issues associated with estuarine mosquitoes.

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Goldingay, Ross L., Jonathan Parkyn, and David A. Newell. "No evidence of protracted population decline across 17 years in an unmanaged population of the green and golden bell frog in north-eastern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 2 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo16087.

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Describing the population trends of threatened species over time is central to their management and conservation. The green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) is a formerly common species of south-eastern Australia that has declined to ~40 populations in New South Wales, and experienced a substantial contraction of its geographic range. We aimed to determine whether an unmanaged population at the northern end of its range had declined across a 17-year period. We estimated population size at the beginning and end of this period, using several population models to fully characterise this population. Different modelling approaches gave different population estimates. Based on a similar number of survey occasions the adult male segment of the population was estimated using the Popan model at 112.0 (±13.5, s.e.; 95% CI: 85.5–138.8) in 1998/99 and 95.2 (±17.6; 60.8–129.7) in 2015/16. With the inclusion of maturing subadults following the practice of earlier studies, the population was estimated at 163.6 (±25.9; 112.8–214.5) males in 2015/16. These estimates represent an index of a larger population because the largest wetland was subsampled. Our data provide no evidence of a declining population. Our study highlights the need to understand the implications of using different population models and two age-classes to estimate population parameters.

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Pickett, Evan J., Michelle P. Stockwell, Carla J. Pollard, James I. Garnham, John Clulow, and Michael J. Mahony. "Estimates of sex ratio require the incorporation of unequal catchability between sexes." Wildlife Research 39, no. 4 (2012): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11193.

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Context Estimates of the sex ratio of a population are a common summary statistic used for ecological studies and conservation planning. However, methods to determine the sex ratio often ignore capture probability, which can lead to a perceived bias in the sex ratio when the sexes are detected at different rates. Aims To illustrate the bias from conventional count-based analysis methods for determining sex ratio by comparison with analytical methods that include capture probability. Methods Closed-population mark–recapture analysis was used to determine the population size of each sex within a population of green and golden bell frogs (Litoria aurea). This was then compared with the traditional count-based methods of estimating sex ratio to determine the effect of incorporating capture probability on the sex ratio estimate. Key results More males than females were detected during surveys, producing a male-biased sex ratio when there was no incorporation of capture probability. Mark–recapture results indicated a similar population size between the two sexes, suggesting that the sex ratio is closer to even. Conclusions Methods to estimate sex ratio that incorporate capture probability can significantly reduce the bias obtained from count data. Implications We suggest that population studies must incorporate capture probability to determine the sex ratio of a population.

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Beranek, Chad T., Cassandra Maynard, Colin McHenry, John Clulow, and Michael Mahony. "Rapid population increase of the threatened Australian amphibian Litoria aurea in response to wetlands constructed as a refuge from chytrid-induced disease and introduced fish." Journal of Environmental Management 291 (August 2021): 112638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112638.

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Hamer, A., S. Lane, and M. Mahony. "The role of introduced mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) in excluding the native green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea) from original habitats in south-eastern Australia." Oecologia 132, no. 3 (August 2002): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-002-0968-7.

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Henle, Klaus, Will Osborne, and Frank Lemckert. "The herpetofauna of Kioloa, New South Wales: baseline observational data collected 30 years ago and inspired by R. E. Barwick." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 1 (2014): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14003.

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There is increasing concern about the global decline of amphibians and reptiles. One problem with documenting declines and identifying underlying causes is the absence of historical data to compare to current data. Here we provide historic data for Kioloa on the south-eastern coast of New South Wales. In this region considerable clearing of natural forest and woodland and creation of farmland ponds took place during the second half of the 20th century. The Australian National University has a field station at Kioloa and R.E. Barwick introduced us to the field station and what was known of the herpetofauna in the mid-1980s. We undertook detailed observational surveys of the herpetofauna at this time and we revisited the area at other times, focusing on the coastal habitats. We found 13 species of frogs and 11 species of reptiles. Three further frog species and one reptile species known to occur in the area in the 1980s were not detected by us. More recently, one further frog species and six reptile species were added to the list, raising the total to 17 frog and 18 reptile species. The number and composition was similar to other locations of coastal New South Wales, except for some of the rarely encountered species. No strictly forest-dependent species were observed in the partially cleared survey area and such species presumably had already disappeared from these areas already before we commenced our observations. The frog Pseudophryne bibronii was still common in tall open-forest but was uncommon in partially cleared areas. Six species of frogs and one species of reptile presumably benefited from the anthropogenic habitat modifications. No declines of common species of reptiles occurred between the mid-1980s and 1993 but all species of frogs were very rare in 1993 due to very dry conditions. Litoria aurea, a threatened species of frog that was widespread in the mid-1980s, survives (2012) only at one site in the area.

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Silva, Evaldo Balbino da. "Entre a província e o litoral: a bagagem poética de Adélia Prado." Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 22, no. 31 (December 31, 2002): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.22.31.275-296.

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<p>Este estudo tem por objetivo fazer algumas reflexões sobre o processo de transcriação das famosas “Voyelles”, de Arthur Rimbaud, pelo poeta mineiro, Alphonsus de Guimaraens. Ao passar pela ótica do “poeta da morte”, a aura de luminosidade que envolve a cor das vogais adquire tonalidades sombrias e escuras. Essa transmutação, com fortes ressonâncias da poesia baudelairiana, aponta para uma visão diferente da do autor de “Voyelles”.</p> <p>Cette étude vise à faire quelques réflexions à propos du processus de transcréation des fameuses ‘Voyelles’ d’Arthur Rimbaud, par le poète ‘mineiro’ (brésilien), Alphonsus de Guimaraens. À cause de l’optique du ‘poète de la mort’, l’allure de luminosité que couvre la couleur des voyelles acquiert des tonalités sombres et noirâtres. Cette transmutation, avec des fortes résonances de la poésie baudelairienne, suggère une visée différente de celle de l’auteur de ‘Voyelles’.</p>

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De Oliveira Nunes, Gustavo, and Adriane Cristhine Silva Moraes. "EXPERIMENTAÇÃO E HISTÓRIA DE UM FAROL." PIXO - Revista de Arquitetura, Cidade e Contemporaneidade 6, no. 20 (October 10, 2022): 158–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/pixo.v6i20.20882.

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Este ensaio apresenta uma leitura cartográfica acerca de uma pequena localidade conhecida como Farol de Santa Marta, situada no litoral de Santa Catarina. O objetivo é trazer à tona um pouco da aura local, perguntando-se: Como se deu o processo de povoação e urbanização desse lugar? Para respondê-la, este ensaio segue pistas do método da Cartografia, apresentando-se em dois planos: o dos trajetos intensivos e o dos trajetos extensivos. Nos intensivos, narra-se uma viagem e a tentativa de expressão das forças do território através de pinturas em aquarela. Nos extensivos, a narrativa se ocupa em compreender a gênese do local, suas marcas e transformações, através de um arquivo histórico e antropológico. Como resultado, tem-se uma abordagem em que não se separa a sensação que surge na experiência e a pesquisa histórica e antropológica. Produz-se, assim, um sentido para a vontade de saber que nasce do encontro e experimentação.

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Calado, Paulo Antunes Dias Pereira, Emylle Isabele Gonçalves Barbosa, and Glauber Lopes Mariano. "Análise da Espessura ótica dos Aerossóis do Sensor OMI na America do Sul." Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia 35, spe (December 2020): 1005–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0102-77863550105.

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Resumo Este trabalho pretende avaliar o comportamento da EOA (espessura ótica dos aerossóis) sobre regiões da América do Sul (Cone Sul, Amazônia legal, do Nordeste do Brasil e Sul do Brasil), com característica climáticas diversas, analisando seu comportamento médio para o período dos anos de 2005 a 2019. Os dados são coletados pelo sensor OMI (Ozone monitoring Instrument) da NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) a bordo do satélite Aura com resolução espacial de 1° x 1° e resolução temporal diária. Dos dados utilizados foram feitas médias e percentis, foi observado que existe um comportamento sazonal nos locais analisados, com maiores valores (0,35 e 0,34) encontrados nas estações secas e menores nas estações chuvosas (0,15 e 0,16). Ao analisar sistemas que influenciam e os períodos de chuva e de seca das regiões, foi observado a relação da concentração de aerossóis com a precipitação, pois os valores máximos de aerossóis acontecem nas estações secas e esse padrão se repete em todas regiões com exceção da região Nordeste onde fatores além dos climatológicos parecem ter uma maior influencia. é levantada como uma das hipóteses a influencia antropogênica tendo em vista os altos níveis de emissões das grandes capitais no litoral da região.

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URIARTE RICOTE, MAITE. "La tramitación de los instrumentos de ordenación territorial, a la luz de la Sentencia del TS 490/2022 de 27 de abril sobre el Plan de Acción Territorial de la Infraestructura Verde del Litoral de Val." RVAP 123, no. 123 (August 1, 2022): 225–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.123.2022.06.

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En este comentario se presentan las principales aportaciones contenidasen la reciente sentencia del TS de 27 de abril de 2022, en relación con losrequisitos que deben cumplir ciertos elementos integrantes de la tramitación delos planes de ordenación territorial y con el alcance que se les atribuye. Su contenidoes importante, fundamentalmente, por dos razones. En primer lugar, permitevalorar el calado de los argumentos que justificaron el recurso interpuesto contrael plan de acción territorial y la sentencia de instancia estimatoria que declaró sunulidad. En segundo lugar, la doctrina que aporta, además de salvar la legalidaddel plan de acción por el momento, contiene interpretaciones valiosas para las administracionesautonómicas sumidas en la tarea de elaborar y aprobar planes denaturaleza homóloga. Iruzkin honetan, Auzitegi Gorenaren 2022ko apirilaren 27koepaian jasotako ekarpen nagusiak aurkezten dira, lurralde-antolamenduko planenizapidetzea osatzen duten zenbait elementuk bete behar dituzten baldintzeieta esleitzen zaien irismenari dagokienez. Edukia garrantzitsua da, batez ere biarrazoirengatik. Lehena, lurraldeko ekintza-planaren aurka jarritako errekurtsoajustifikatu zuten argudioen garrantzia balioesteko aukera ematen du, bai etahura baliogabetzat jo zuen baiespen-instantziaren epaia ere. Bigarrena, ematenduen doktrinak, ekintza-planaren legezkotasuna oraingoz salbatzeaz gain, baliozkointerpretazioak jasotzen ditu autonomia-erkidegoetako administrazioentzat,izaera homologoko planak egiteko eta onartzeko zereginean murgildutabaitaude. This commentary presents the main contributions contained inthe recent judgment of the Supreme Court of April 27, 2022, in relation to therequirements that must be accomplished by certain elements from the processingof territorial planning and with the scope attributed to them. Its content isimportant, fundamentally, for two reasons. In the first place, it makes it possibleto assess the depth of the arguments that justified the appeal filed againstthe territorial action plan and the judgment that declared its nullity. Secondly,the doctrine it provides, in addition to saving the legality of the action for thetime being, contains valuable interpretations for the regional administrationsimmersed in the task of drawing up and approving plans of a homologous nature.

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Sopniewski, Jarrod, Foyez Shams, Benjamin C. Scheele, Ben J. Kefford, and Tariq Ezaz. "Identifying sex-linked markers in Litoria aurea: a novel approach to understanding sex chromosome evolution in an amphibian." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (November 12, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-52970-4.

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Abstract Few taxa exhibit the variability of sex-determining modes as amphibians. However, due to the presence of homomorphic sex chromosomes in many species, this phenomenon has been difficult to study. The Australian frog, Litoria aurea, has been relatively well studied over the past 20 years due to widespread declines largely attributable to chytrid fungus. However, it has been subject to few molecular studies and its mode of sex determination remained unknown. We applied DArTseq™ to develop sex-linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and restriction fragment presence/absence (PA) markers in 44 phenotypically sexed L. aurea individuals from the Molonglo River in NSW, Australia. We conclusively identified a male heterogametic (XX-XY) sex determination mode in this species, identifying 11 perfectly sex-linked SNP and six strongly sex-linked PA markers. We identified a further 47 moderately sex-linked SNP loci, likely serving as evidence indicative of XY recombination. Furthermore, within these 47 loci, a group of nine males were found to have a feminised Y chromosome that significantly differed to all other males. We postulate ancestral sex-reversal as a means for the evolution of this now pseudoautosomal region on the Y chromosome. Our findings present new evidence for the ‘fountain of youth’ hypothesis for the retention of homomorphic sex chromosomes in amphibians and describe a novel approach for the study of sex chromosome evolution in amphibia.

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Beranek, Chad T., John Clulow, and Michael Mahony. "Wetland Restoration for the Threatened Green and Golden Bell Frog (Litoria aurea): Development of a Breeding Habitat Designed to Passively Manage Chytrid-Induced Amphibian Disease and Exotic Fish." Natural Areas Journal 40, no. 4 (November 24, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.040.0409.

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Beranek, Chad T., Samantha Sanders, John Clulow, and Michael Mahony. "Factors influencing persistence of a threatened amphibian in restored wetlands despite severe population decline during climate change driven weather extremes." Biodiversity and Conservation, March 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-022-02387-9.

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AbstractBiodiversity is in global decline during the Anthropocene. Declines have been caused by multiple factors, such as habitat removal, invasive species, and disease, which are often targets for conservation management. However, conservation interventions are under threat from climate change induced weather extremes. Weather extremes are becoming more frequent and devastating and an example of this was the 2019/2020 Australian drought and mega-fires. We provide a case study the impacts of these extreme weather events had on a population of the threatened frog Litoria aurea that occurs in a constructed habitat which was designed to reduce the impact of introduced fish and chytrid-induced disease. We aimed to determine what factors influenced persistence so that the design of wetlands can be further optimised to future-proof threatened amphibians. We achieved this with 4 years (2016–2020) of intensive capture–recapture surveys during austral spring and summer across nine wetlands (n = 94 repeat surveys). As hypothesized, drought caused a sharp reduction in population size, but persistence was achieved. The most parsimonious predictor of survival was an interaction between maximum air temperature and rainfall, indicating that weather extremes likely caused the decline. Survival was positively correlated with wetland vegetation coverage, positing this is an important feature to target to enhance resilience in wetland restoration programs. Additionally, the benefits obtained from measures to reduce chytrid prevalence were not compromised during drought, as there was a positive correlation between salinity and survival. We emphasize that many species may not be able to persist under worse extreme weather scenarios. Despite the potential for habitat augmentation to buffer effects of extreme weather, global action on climate change is needed to reduce extinction risk.

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Pyke, Graham H., and Arthur W. White. "Frog Reproduction and Community Structure in relation to Water Attributes: Setting the stage to understand effects of Climatic Variables and Climate Change." Australian Zoologist, October 22, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2021.032.

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ABSTRACT As amphibians have declined more than other vertebrates and are important environmental bio-indicators for aquatic ecosystems, we must understand how attributes of such ecosystems affect individual frogs, populations, and multi-species communities. For aquatic-breeding frogs, pond physical/chemical properties influence all life-stages and therefore populations, species, and communities. However, studies have focussed on tadpoles, considered few water variables, and not considered relationships between water attributes and frog populations or communities. Inter-specific differences in how water attributes affect tadpole populations, and hence possibly adult choice of breeding site, should reflect habitats where different species occur, but has been little investigated. We studied the only frog species on Broughton Island, off the east coast of Australia: the threatened Green and Golden Bell Frog Litoria aurea (GGBF); and the widespread and abundant Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii (SMF). Suitability of pond breeding habitat, measured by encounter rates during 57 visits over 17 years with different life stages, depended on depth, salinity, pH and temperature, with responses by the two species in essentially opposite directions. For both species, encounter rates increased with increasing depth and with decreasing salinity. Encounter rates peaked at neutral to alkaline pH for GGBF (i.e., 6.8 to 8.0 or higher) and acidic pH for SMF (i.e., 5.5 to 6.0). As water temperature increased, encounter rates increased for GGBF and decreased for SMF. Frog community structure depended on average pond temperature and how it changed over time. If recorded temperature, averaged over the year, was less than 22°C or declined to below this level, the GGBF population, as indexed by numbers of adults observed and occurrences of earlier life stages, was low or declined, while the SMF population was high or increased. This threshold yearly average temperature translates into a required temperature at onset of spring breeding for the GGBF of about 20°C. The GGBF population on the island has declined since 1998, when our study began, due to increased aquatic vegetation and consequent decline in water temperature in major breeding ponds. As ponds are small, manual vegetation removal should reverse the trend. A comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of climate change, past and future, can now be pursued.

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