Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lithographic applications'
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Hadley, Philip. "Aqueous photopolymers for lithographic applications." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308991.
Full textCeresoli, M. "SYMMETRIC BLOCK COPOLYMERS TEMPLATES FOR NANO-LITHOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/422644.
Full textEravuchira, Pinkie Jacob. "Lithographic Micro- and Nanostructuring of SU-8 for Biotechnological Applications." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/292245.
Full textEn esta tesis doctoral se ha llevado a cabo investigación sobre métodos de fabricación de estructuras micrométricas y nanométricas de SU-8. La investigación ha partido de la base de un análisis de los trabajos anteriores en estructuración de SU-8 y ha tenido como principal objetivo el de obtener nuevas estructuras para la aplicación en biotecnología. Uno de los resultados más relevantes de la investigación ha sido la propuesta de una técnica híbrida que combina fotolitografía con litografía por presión para obtener superficies de SU-8 con una estructura jerarquizada. Las investigaciones también han llevado a proponer un mecanismo de sentado basado en la fotoluminiscencia del SU-8. Los experimentos demuestran que la fotoluminiscencia se reduce a cada paso de modificación de la química de superficie. Esta característica se produce de forma repetible también cuando se adhiere un antigen (IgG) a una superficie de SU-8 modificada con el anticuerpo correspondiente (aIgG). Gracia a este efecto se ha propuesto un inmunosensor basado en la reducción de fotoluminiscencia i se ha evaluado su sensibilidad. El resultado más relevante demuestra que las estructuras jerárquicamente organizadas muestran una reducción de fotoluminiscencia mayor, y por tanto una mejor sensibilidad
n this Ph. D. Dissertation research on lithographic methods for the fabrication of micrometric and nanometric SU-8 structures has been carried out. The research has been based on a survey of existing techniques to structure the SU-8 with the main objective of obtaining novel structures for biotechnology applications. One of the main results of the research has been the proposal of an hybrid technique that combines photolithography and soft lithography to obtain hierarchically structured SU-8 surfaces. The investigations have also led to the proposal of a sensing mechanism based on the photoluminescence of SU-8. The experiments show that photoluminescence is reduced with every step of surface chemistry modification. This is a repeatable feature that is observed also upon attachment of an antigen (IgG) onto a SU-8 surface grafted with antibody (aIgG). Thanks to this effect, an immunosensor based on the reduction of photoluminescence has been proposed and its sensitivity has been evaluated. The results show that the hierarchically patterned structures offer a higher photoluminescence reduction and thus a better sensitivity.
Liang, Jianyu. "Non-lithographic fabrication of superlattices for nanometric electro-magnetic-optic applications /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174638.
Full textMurphy, Julian James. "Lithographic characterisation of a selection of polymeric resists for microlithographic applications." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244327.
Full textGotrik, Kevin Willy. "Flow controlled solvent vapor annealing of block copolymers for lithographic applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81057.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-192).
Self-assembly of block copolymer thin-films may provide an inexpensive alternative to patterning lithographic features below the resolution limits of traditional optical methods. Block copolymers (BCPs) are polymers made of two or more distinct monomer/block units that are covalently bonded. Due to their differences in surface energy, the different blocks tend to phase segregate like oil and water; but because of the covalent linkage, this segregation is practically limited to size scales ranging from only a few nm to ~ 100 nm. A thin film of a BCP can be used in much the same way as a photoresist in the lithographic process, whereas a desired pattern morphology can be obtained by etching one block away and leaving behind a self-assembled hard mask for the underlying substrate. After a thin film of BCP is coated onto a given substrate, the BCP must be given an annealing step, where the disordered entangled polymer networks can be allowed to diffuse and equilibrate into lower free energy configurations which result in periodic patterns of micelles with different morphologies such as spheres, in/out of plane cylinders, etc. This work explored the technique of solvent vapor annealing, where organic solvents were allowed to interact with BCP thin films to facilitate annealing and act as surrogates for the different BCP polymer blocks. This allowed for a wide range of control over the BCP self-assembly (morphology, periodicity, etc.) for a given molecular weight BCP. Additionally, by adding heat at critical times during the self-assembly, time scales for solvent vapor enhanced self-assembly could be reduced from hours to seconds making the prospects for this technology to become industrially applicable more promising.
by Kevin Willy Gotrik.
Ph.D.
Alnaimi, Radhwan. "Development of a low-debris laser driven soft X-ray source for lithographic applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/61658.
Full textANDREOZZI, ANDREA. "Fabrication of nanostructured materials using block copolymer based lithography." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28333.
Full textWieberger, Florian [Verfasser], and Hans-Werner [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "Synthesis and Combinatorial Optimization of Novel Star-Shaped Resist Materials for Lithographic Applications / Florian Wieberger. Betreuer: Hans-Werner Schmidt." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1059412489/34.
Full textTu, Fan [Verfasser], and Hubertus [Gutachter] Marbach. "On the Lithographic Fabrication of Fe and Co Nanostructures via Focused Electron/Photon Beam Induced Processing: Properties and Applications of the Structures / Fan Tu ; Gutachter: Hubertus Marbach." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2017. http://d-nb.info/1150964308/34.
Full textHASSAN, MARIAM. "Perpendicularly magnetized synthetic antiferromagnets for flexible spintronic and biomedical applications." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/289757.
Full textAlthough discovered about three decades ago, the peculiar properties of synthetic antiferromagnetic (SAF) thin films consisting of two ferromagnetic layers separated by a non-magnetic metal spacer have recently revived a renewed interest as potential candidates for a number of innovative and advanced applications including spintronics and biotechnology. SAFs are key component in spintronic devices and a significant attention has been recently paid on the preparation of such devises on flexible substrates, which provide wide advantages over their conventional rigid-substrate counterparts, such as the ability to bend and adjust the shape of a device, a light-weight and low costs. While the progress and development of systems with longitudinal magnetic anisotropy on non-planar substrates has been remarkable over the last few years, flexible magneto-resistive heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) are rather unexplored despite they allow for additional functionality and improved performance. On the other hand, for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, perpendicular magnetized SAF microdisks prepared by top-down lithographic approaches have been recently proposed as a valid alternative to the most investigated superparamagnetic particles synthetized by chemical routes as they fulfill all the key criteria required for biomedical applications while allowing a significant degree of control and tunability of the magnetic properties. Within this context, this thesis aims at developing and studying magneto-resistive spintronic devices on flexible substrates and microdiscs for biomedical applications based on SAF thin film stacks with PMA. The focus was on Co/Pd- and Co/Ni-based systems due to their strong PMA (~106 J/m3) and the possibility to finely tune their magnetic properties by varying the thickness of the individual layers and the number of repetitions N of the Co/Pd(Ni) bilayer. In particular, flexible Co/Pd(Ni)-based giant magnetoresistance spin-valve thin film stacks consisting of a [Co/Pd(Ni)]N free layer and a fully compensated [Co/Pd(Ni)]N/Ru/[Co/Pd(Ni)]N synthetic antiferromagnet reference electrode separated by a Cu spacer, were prepared by direct deposition on flexible substrates and by exploiting both wet and dry-etching transfer-and-bonding approaches. Measurements under bending conditions were also performed to investigate the robustness of the flexible spin-valves and the possibility for their integration on curved surfaces. The optimized SAF stacks were also used for the preparation of thin fil stacks consisting of multiple repeats of single [Co/Pd]N/Ru/[Co/Pd]N SAF units with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy with the aim to fabricate free-standing SAF microdisks by using lithographic processes.
Bouanani, Shayma. "Vers l'industrialisation de l'auto-assemblage dirigé des copolymères à blocs : développement de procédés de lithographie compatibles avec les noeuds technologiques sub-10 nm pour des applications de type contacts." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT053/document.
Full textThe competitiveness-chasing in which industrial manufactures are involved, leads to an exponential increase in the number of functionalities per chips, as well as reducing their unit cost, which results in a continuous decrease of their size. To achieve this, DSA (Directed Self-Assembly) of block copolymers, combines conventional lithography techniques with the molecular-scale organizational properties of copolymers. In this framework, the overall objective of this thesis is to evaluate the industrialization potential of the DSA process by graphoepitaxy for contact hole shrink and contact multiplication applications. In particular, it is necessary to demonstrate the ability of this technique to meet the ITRS specifications in terms of CD uniformity, misalignment and hole open yield. A first study on contact shrink, based on the impact of material properties, surface affinity and guiding feature size, allows us to understand the mechanisms involved in the appearance of defects. A second part of the study deals with contact multiplication. To address this application, two types of guides have been studied: elliptical guiding patterns and more complex ones called "peanut". The study of the process window in terms of process parameters such as annealing time and temperature, but also commensurability was conducted. Particular attention was paid to guide size variation and its impact on DSA final pitch. Experimental data from this study were correlated with simulations. The success criteria are based on the lithographic performances that must be judged through advanced metrology. The development of a specific metrology to measure the placement error of contacts as well as their pitch was conducted
Alleaume, Clovis. "Etude de la modification de la source dans l'utilisation de la méthode de co-optimisation source masque en lithographie optique : mise en oeuvre et applications." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STET4007/document.
Full textConducted between December 2009 and December 2012 within the RET (resolution enhancement technology) team at STMicroelectronics Crolles and in partnership with Saint-Etienne laboratory Hubert Curien of the University of Lyon, this thesis entitled "Impact of changing the source while using the source mask optimization technique within optical lithography, and application to 20 nm technology node. ". In this thesis, Alleaume Clovis studied the optimization of the source used in optical lithography, technique usually called SMO (for source mask optimization) and applied the technique to the industry through several problems. The first part of the manuscript describe the optical lithography generalities, in order to allow a better understanding of the issues and the techniques used in this study. Indeed, to allow optical lithography to continue the miniaturization of microelectronic components, it is necessary to optimize many aspects of the lithography. The shape of the light source used is no exception to this rule and the use of extended sources, off-axis and more or less complex now enables the production of advanced technologies. The second part will then focus on the source modification and optimization. In a first step, the diffraction theory will be examined to demonstrate the theoretical interest of the thesis, and to allow a better understanding of the problem. Simulations and SEM measurements will be presented to show the effectiveness of SMO method. As this study gave birth to several innovative source optimization techniques, they will be presented. Thus, the method of internal SMO based on the phenomenon of diffraction and created during this thesis will be presented and the results would be studied. The application of the source optimization to industrial problems will also be presented through different applications. Finally, a legacy of knowledge will be done by presenting the different tools developed during this thesis. A third part will deal with the study of tool which generate the source inside the scanner allowing the use of optimized and complex sources. The thesis has given rise to a new source decomposition technique using Zernike polynomial. It will be used in this study to model the degradation of a source, and for correlating the impact of a source modification due to SMO technique on the empirical model stability. The study of sources has been implemented according to industrial aspect to monitor the scanner with a quick method. In addition to the Zernike decomposition method, simulations can be used to complete this study. The forth chapter of this study will talk about this implementation. Finally, the last part of the study will talk about the co-optimization of the source with several elements, such as the mask OPC and the final shape of the desired pattern. Indeed, if the initial shape of the desired pattern plays an important role in defining the source, it is possible to modify the latter design shape, as well as the shape of the mask in order to optimize both the source and the target shape. These changes will be discussed in the last chapter
Bazin, Damien. "Structuration de surfaces organiques et inorganiques par lithographie électro-colloïdale : principe et applications." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14684/document.
Full textMany lithography techniques have been developed to structure surfaces at the micrometer and sub-micrometer ranges. Among them, colloidal lithography is interesting because the process is inexpensive and does not require the use complex instruments. In this thesis, we have developed a new technique called « electro-colloidal lithography » which is based on the use of colloidal particles organized using alternating and direct electric fields. With short preparation times and inexpensive instruments, polymeric and metallic structured surfaces have been prepared and tested for different applications (protein immobilization, microelectrode arrays, superhydrophobic surfaces)
Farhoud, Maya S. (Maya Sami). "Interferometric lithography and selected applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10457.
Full textZheng, Zijian. "Soft lithography and nanoimprint lithography for applications in polymer electronics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613415.
Full textMALAQUIN, Laurent. "Dispositifs ultra-sensibles pour le nano-adressage electrique. Application a la detection de biomolecules." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009243.
Full textHeard, P. J. "Applications of scanning ion beam lithography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372653.
Full textPaudel, Trilochan. "Nanosphere Lithography for Nano Optical Applications." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3155.
Full textThesis advisor: Krzysztof Kempa
Many different techniques are available to create nanopatterns in nanoscale devices. However, a few are flexible and inexpensive enough to be practical in the nanotechnology. Here, we study the nanosphere lithography (NSL) based on a self-assembly of microspheres. Using this technique, we have developed various patterns in metallic films, ranging from honeycomb arrays of "quasi-triangles" to circular holes. These various patterns have been used subsequently either as nano-optical structures directly, with remarkable optical and plasmonic properties, or as substrates for further nano-processing. In one such nano-processing, the "quasi-triangle" patterns were used as a catalyst for carbon nanotube growth. The resulting aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes were employed in nanocoax solar cells. In another nano-processing, the arrays were used as masks for electrodeposition. In addition to the nano processing and measurements, we have employed the FDTD computer simulations, to develop a full understanding of the nano-optical and plasmonic properties of the developed structures
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Physics
Walsh, Michael E. (Michael Edward) 1975. "On the design of lithographic interferometers and their application." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28741.
Full textPage 300 blank.
Includes bibliographical references.
Interference lithography is presented as an ideal technique for fabricating large-area periodic structures with sub-100nm dimensions. A variety of interferometer designs are discussed and implemented, each of which emphasizes a different attribute. Curvature of the substrate during exposures in a Mach-Zender interferometer is demonstrated as a method for reducing periodicity variations in the printed pattern down to the level of picometers. A robust Lloyd's-mirror interferometer is developed as a simple and flexible lithography system capable of sub-100nm features. Prospects and designs for the use of grating interferometers for the fabrication of structures with 50nm spatial-periodicity are discussed. A novel, integrated, thin-film interferometer exploiting solid immersion is introduced for the fabrication of features below the diffraction-limit. Using 193nm illumination, 45nm dense features are demonstrated. Aspects of sub-wavelength diffraction and thin-film resonance are discussed in relation to the fabrication of structures with sub-50nm periodicity. A selection of applications are discussed which take advantage of the unique capabilities of interference lithography, including patterned magnetic media, DFB lasers and the templated self-assembly of nano-particles. A novel technique for ion-beam etching, applicable to any material system, is shown to improve the patterning of nanoscale magnetic elements.
by Michael E. Walsh.
Ph.D.
Faik-Etienne, Hasnaa. "Étude de l'implantation ionique dans les miroirs multicouches Mo/Si : application aux optiques diffractives." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0003.
Full textIn order to achieve a resolution of 30 nm and below, Extreme Ultra Violet lithography (EUVL, l=13,5 nm) should be introduced in industry by 2009. However, for such small wavelengths, between 10 and 14 nm, light is increasingly absorbed by practically any materials, and there is no reflective materials neither; thus, the only way to reflect the EUV beam is to use reflective multilayer mirors. These mirors are made by a periodic stack of Mo/Si bi-layers, with appropriated thicknesses, which enables to achieve 70 % of reflectivity at nearly normal incidence. Diffractive optics made in this kind of multilayer mirors are usually realized by etching of the multilayer stack, which requires long and difficult technological steps. An original way to realize these optics is to implant the areas that we would like to become non reflective, instead of etching them. Thus, this enables to combine multilayer properties and gratings properties, using a multilayer specificity which is volume reflexion. This work aims to study different implantation conditions and their effects on the optical properties of multilayer mirors. These effects are arised by the realization of implanted phase gratings, through a mask, in the multilayer. The use of ion implantation instead of etching would allow thus to realize double diffractive structures, which is impossible to do by etching
Huber, Justin P. "UV-LITHOGRAPHIC PATTERNING OF MICRO-FEATURES ON A CONICAL MOLD INSERT." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/26.
Full textHe, X. "Nanoimprint lithography for applications in photovoltaic devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.603915.
Full textMartin, Luc. "Méthodes de corrections avancées des effets de proximité en lithographie électronique à écriture directe : Application aux technologies sub-32nm." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0003.
Full textIn electron beam lithography, a new proximity affects correction strategy has been imagined to push the resolution capabilities beyond the limitations of the standard dose modulation. In this work, the proximity affects inherent to e-beam lithography have been studied on the newest e-beam tools available at LETI. First, the limits of the standard dose modulation correction have been evaluated. The influences of each step of the lithographic process have also been analyzed from a theoretical point a view. A simulation approach was built and used to determine the impact of each of these steps on the patterned features. Then, a new writing strategy has been fully developed. It involves sub resolution features known as eRIF (electron Resolution Improvement features) which provide a finer control of the dose profile into the resist. Since the eRIF are exposed a top the nominal features, this new writing strategy is called multiple pass exposure. In this work, the position, the dose and the design of the eRIF have been studied and optimized to get the best of this new strategy. To do so, experiments were led in a clean room environment, and minimization algorithms have been developed. It has been demonstrated that the eRIF provide a significant gain compared to the standard dose modulation. Improvements have been observed even on the most critical levels of the Integrated circuits. By using the multiple pass exposure with optimized eRIF, the resolution capabilities of the e-beam tool have been reduced by 2 technological nodes. The design rules that have been determined to use the eRIF the most efficient way were finally implemented in INSCALE, the new data preparation software developed by ASELTA NANOGRAPHICS. This way, multiple pass exposure can be used in an automated mode to correct full layouts
Rognin, Etienne. "Caractérisation et applications des écoulements de polymères en films minces nanoimprimés." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENI037/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a theoretical and experimental work on nanoscale flows of polymer melts. Different leveling dynamics emerge from the analytical and numerical study of the reflow of a polymer film that is first nanoimprinted and then annealed above its glass transition temperature, depending on the initial topography of the film. These concepts were applied to the manufacturing of optical devices from the reflow of complex nanostructures. A method to measure the Newtonian viscosity and the terminal relaxation time of a thin polymer film was also developed. Finally, an exploratory work on a residual-layer-free nanoimprint process based on dewetting is presented. Emphasis was put on the accurate computation of the disjoining pressure in stratified media with the modern Lifshitz theory based on the optical properties of the interacting materials
Geving, Brad David. "Enhancement of stereolithography technology to support building around inserts." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16799.
Full textPavlova, Anastasia. "Préparation et études des propriétés des films magnétiques nanostructures pour des applications en dispositifs magnéto-acoustiques et spintroniques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0010/document.
Full textNowadays, structures based on ferromagnetic materials are largely used for different applications: random access magneto-resistive memories, magnetic sensors, and also new electronic components and spintronic devices. The general trend of modern electronic is the reduction of dimensions down to submicronic scales. Therefore, the magnetic nanostructures are of great interest and their methods of fabrication and properties largely studied.The main goal of this work is the preparation and experimental and theoretical research on properties of magnetic nanostructures for applications in magnetoresistive and photonic devices. The Scanning Probe Lithography (SPL) and Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) were used for the nanostructures fabrications. First steps were also achieved in fabrication of phononic cristals sensitive the magnetic field
Knauer, Joachim Norbert. "Diffraction by nanostructures : applications to imaging and lithography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624945.
Full textYoung, Aaron Cody. "Optical applications of two-photon and microexplosion lithography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9780.
Full textYao, Peng. "Developing three-dimensional lithography and chemical lithography for applications on micro/nano photonics and electronics." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 206 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1397913021&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textSalut, Roland. "Etude des moyens de lithographie haute résolution pour la fabrication de résonateurs à ondes élastiques de surface : application aux sources embarquées." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839967.
Full textEdely, Mathieu. "Etudes de surfaces métalliques nanolithographiées : application à la diffusion Raman exaltée de surface." Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1020.
Full textSince the first observation of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in 1974 a variety of methods have been developed to physically control the arrangement of metallic nanostructures onto a surface in order to enhance Raman signals. The magnitude of the SERS enhancement factor is mainly driven by the enhanced local electromagnetic field in nanostructured metal surfaces. Gaps between adjacent nanoparticles give rise to strong enhancement effects, often referred as ‘hot spots’. One way to produce highly efficient SERS substrates is to develop a reproducible system of interacting metal nanostructures capable of high field enhancement.We patented a force-assisted Atomic Force Microscopy lithographic method allowing the fabrication of a metallic substrate. It will be shown that this method also provides a relatively simple approach to realize reproducible patterns with controlled geometry that can be used to study the influence of specific pattern geometry on SERS phenomenon.In order to investigate the relationship between optical properties and pattern geometries, localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and local electric field enhancement are simulated.Whereas electric field enhancement regions (hot spot) have been observed on the top of the nanostructures with PhotoEmission Electron Microscopy (PEEM), SERS effect has been demonstrated by performing Raman measurements using several probe molecules. Correlations between PEEM measurements, Raman exaltation and local field calculations are presented in relation with the geometrical parameters of the nanostructured patterns
Dillon, Thomas. "Grayscale lithography with applications to chip-scale optical interconnects." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 261 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1891590571&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textThugu, Mahesh. "Development of Colloid Displacement Lithography Platforms for Sensor Applications." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1287.
Full textDemir, Pinar. "Theoretical Investigation And Design For X-ray Lasers And Their Lithographic Application." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609743/index.pdf.
Full textArias, zapata Javier. "Lithographie à très haute résolution par l'auto-assemblage du PS-b-PDMS et les gravures plasma associées : application à la fabrication de matrices de nanorubans de graphène." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT011/document.
Full textThe Block copolymers (BCPs) have the particular property of self-assemble into ordered periodical structures. These macromolecules in association with the classic photolithography, is a promising candidate to be used as an alternative technique for the advanced patterning. This way, the downsizing of the integrated circuits can be kept up. BCPs with high chemical incompatibility between their blocks exhibit a high value of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ. The BCP theory predicts periodical features sizes with high-χ; BCPs of only few nanometers.The BCP lithography principe was also used to show the patterning of 2D materials. For exemple, graphene present a real needs of patterning into very narrow nanostructures to open up a bandgap to switch its electrical properties by quantum confinement. A low χN PS-b-PDMS was used to pattern ~ 10 nm features. BCP is spin-coated and annealed directly on graphene. Self-assembly on large surfaces (1 cm²) is achieved in few minutes and the mask is then transferred on graphene by oxygen-based plasma etching, where in a single step will eliminate the PS matrix, oxidized the PDMS cylinders and etch the graphene. Large surfaces of 11nm-width Graphen nanoribbons (GNRs) were fabricated by the self-assembly of PS-b-PDMS. Dry H2 plasma cleaning was also performed to remove organic contaminants appearing during the fabrication steps. Different analysis techniques of carbon such as Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to show the high chemical quality of the GNRs.Electrical characterization of the GNRs such as mobility and the bandgap openingin graphene were measured also to confirm the electronic behavior of the graphene nanoribbons. Values of the order of 150 cm²/V s and 30 meV were measured. The entire procedure was realized under microelectronics clean room requirement, then, the BCP self-assembly processes proposed are scalable and low cost, and is well-suited for integration with existing semiconductor fabrication techniques.The lithographical procedure developed in this investigation could also be generalized to fabricate different graphene nanostructures such as graphene nanomeshes or quantum dots that could be envisaged for other applications in functional devices. GNRs on large surfaces are expect to find a broad ranges of applications, in the fields of electrochemical and bioanalysis
Yeh, Chun-Cheng. "ZnO micro- and nanostructures from Deep-UV photosensitive solutions for electronic and magnetic applications." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MULH1359/document.
Full textIn this thesis, an in-depth investigation to the photosensitive zinc methacrylate (ZnMAA) precursor was made. Zinc methacrylate can be crosslinked under DUV (193 nm) irradiation. The photo-induced solidification is attributed to the partial decomposition of the ZnMAA complex, which gives rise to the following hydrolysis-condensation reactions and the formation of Zn-O-Zn networks. The bonding variation and decomposition of organic species caused by DUV irradiation were carefully investigated by FTIR, XPS and ellipsometry and discussed in Chapter III. DUV irradiation provokes clivage of MAA ligands from zinc cations. However, the intensity of MAA ligands can only be reduced to ~2/3 of its initial intensity regardless the extension of irradiation time, implying only a small amount oxide network can be induced by DUV irradiation. The small amount of Zn-O-Zn networks inside the photo-irradiated regions can effectively decrease the solubility of photo-irradiated regions in polar solvents, which makes ZnMAA precursor just like a negative tone resist and able to be patterned into two-dimensional structures by DUV lithography. Due to good photosensitivity to DUV light (193 nm), the dimension of DUV-patterned ZnMAA structures can be decreased to sub-micro by using binary masks and the effects of each pattering step including (i) DUV exposure, (ii) prebaking and (iii) development on the size and shape of DUV-patterned ZnMAA structures are discussed in Chapter IV. In order to fabricate nanoscale ZnMAA structures, a home-made DUV interference system was used to pattern ZnMAA precursor and 300 nm periodic lines were successfully made. Applications as TFT transistor, gaz sensor and magnetic materials are shown
Witkowska, Malgorzata Danuta. "Interrogation of the manufacturing route of aluminium AA 1050 used in lithographic application." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interogation-of-the-manufacturing-route-of-aluminium-aa-1050-used-in-lithographic-application(57658930-cb45-470e-b6ab-626781f1c8a2).html.
Full textDavis, G. M. "Application of phase conjugate imaging to excimer laser lithography." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233468.
Full textChen, Mo Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Stop-flow lithography and its application to graphical encoding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97847.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 72-77).
Colloids of a few to tens of microns have shown great promise in various applications. For practical purposes, colloidal building blocks which self-assemble into operational device are sometimes desired. This preprogrammed assembly requires large quantities of colloidal building blocks with well-defined shape, size and composition, which cannot be provided with existing techniques. In this thesis, a new fabrication technique is presented combining Stop-Flow Lithography (SFL) and a spatial light modulator (SLM). With this technique, geometrically anisotropic colloid particles are generated at high throughput (~106 particles/h). Fabrication of functional materials such as hydrogel and shape memory polymer is proven compatible. All candidate materials can be combined to form chemically anisotropic colloid particles like Janus particles. Further, the feedback mechanism of our system allows adaptive fabrication according to detected suspensions. On the one hand, this extends our material selection pool for the building blocks, as materials incompatible with direct SFL fabrication are incorporated by encapsulation; on the other hand, this capability applies to single cell encapsulation and graphical encoding. This powerful tool facilitates fabrication of complex building blocks and potentially promotes self-assembly and application of colloids. Another project covered in this thesis is called solid-state superionic stamping (S4). It is a direct patterning technique for metals, featuring one-step, large fabrication area, low cost and working in ambient conditions. This technique is complementary to SFL in the sense that it enlarges material selection pool.
by Mo Chen.
S.M.
Thibault, Christophe. "Impression de biomolécules par lithographie douce, applications pour les biopuces, de l’échelle micrométrique à nanométrique." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000160/.
Full textThe main purpose of this research work is the demonstration that soft-lithography, very often called Micro-Contact Printing (μCP) is an efficient patterning technique for arranging biomolecules on a surface in the perspective of biochip applications. For DNA Micro-arrays applications, we demonstrate that μCP is a competitive method compared to the conventional spotting technology, commonly used today. The cost of the technology is much lower, the surface density of the chip is drastically increased and the quality and definition of the biopatterns are greatly improved. A systematic study of the inking mechanisms of the elastomeric stamps is provided together with the study and comprehension of transfer mechanisms of molecules from the surface of the stamp to the substrate. The crucial role played by the free fragments of polymers not cross-linked during the polymerisation of the stamp is highlighted. In a second section we investigate the possibility of using μCP for generating single biomolecule biochips. We show how this printing technique can be optimized for reaching sub-micrometric scale down to 50 nanometers features. A technological process involving soft-lithography is proposed: combing long DNA molecules on spatially organized and registered positions for genetic applications
Hastings, Jeffrey Todd 1975. "Nanometer-precision electron-beam lithography with applications in integrated optics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29949.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 179-185).
Scanning electron-beam lithography (SEBL) provides sub-10-nm resolution and arbitrary-pattern generation; however, SEBL's pattern-placement accuracy remains inadequate for future integrated-circuits and integrated-optical devices. Environmental disturbances, system imperfections, charging, and a variety of other factors contribute to pattern-placement inaccuracy. To overcome these limitations, spatial-phase locked electron-beam lithography (SPLEBL) monitors the beam location with respect to a reference grid on the substrate. Phase detection of the periodic grid signal provides feedback control of the beam position to within a fraction of the period. Using this technique we exposed patterns globally locked to a fiducial grid and reduced local field-stitching errors to a < 1.3 nm. Spatial-phase locking is particularly important for integrated-optical devices that require pattern-placement accuracy within a fraction of the wavelength of light. As an example, Bragg-grating based optical filters were fabricated in silicon-on-insulator waveguides using SPLEBL. The filters were designed to reflect a narrow-range of wavelengths within the communications band near 1550-nm. We patterned the devices in a single lithography step by placing the gratings in the waveguide sidewalls. This design allows apodization of the filter response by lithographically varying the grating depth. Measured transmission spectra show greatly reduced sidelobe levels for apodized devices compared to devices with uniform gratings.
by Jeffrey Todd Hastings.
Ph.D.
Sassolas, Benoît. "Étude et réalisation d'empilements multicouches sur des optiques asphériques de grandes dimensions pour des applications en lithographie extrême U. V." Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/37/16/57/PDF/These_Benoit_SASSOLAS_11_sept.pdf.
Full textThe development of large optics is a crucial point for the success of the EUV lithography at 13. 5 nm. The integration of large collectors into steppers allows a gain in the collecting beam and thus improves the throughput. We have studied and developed reflecting molybdenum and silicon multilayers at 13. 5 nm. Structures were analyzed using grazing incidence reflectometry and performances were measured under Synchrotron radiation at operating wavelength. The diffusion observed between the two materials at each interface severely reduces the total reflectivity at 13. 5 nm. We have also studied coatings on large aspherical substrates. To control the gradient profile coatings on large concave collectors ( clear aperture of 500 mm and sag about 100 mm), we have used with success the masking technique
Vaurette, Francois. "Fabrication top-down, caractérisation et applications de nanofils silicium." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00342294.
Full textDeux voies de fabrication sont envisagées : la lithographie par AFM (Microscope à Force Atomique) et la lithographie électronique. Cette dernière étant plus reproductible, les dispositifs finaux sont fabriqués par cette technique, à partir d'un substrat SOI et plusieurs étapes de gravure et métallisation.
L'étude des nanofils par mesures I(V) nous permet de mettre en évidence une zone déplétée à l'interface Si/SiO2 natif. Grâce à l'utilisation de nanofils de largeurs et de longueurs différentes, nous sommes capables de déterminer la largeur de la zone déplétée, la densité d'états d'interface ainsi que le niveau de dopage des nanofils. L'évolution de la résistance des nanofils avec la température est également étudiée et montre une dépendance associée à la diffusion des phonons de surface.
Trois applications sont ensuite décrites : un décodeur, un commutateur de courant et un capteur biologique. En effet, la gravure locale des nanofils conduit à une modulation de la bande de conduction, rendant possible la réalisation d'un décodeur. D'autre part, la fabrication de croix à base de nanofils et de grilles latérales à proximité des croix qui contrôlent le passage du courant dans les différentes branches permet de former un commutateur de courant. Enfin, grâce au rapport important de la surface par rapport au volume des nanofils et leur bonne fonctionnalisation chimique, ceux-ci sont utilisés pour détecter électriquement des interactions biologiques (détection de l'ovalbumine).
Thibault, Christophe. "Impression de biomolécules par lithographie douce, applications pour les biopuces, de l'échelle micrométrique." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200042.
Full textHoole, Andrew Charles Frederick. "Nanolithography and its application to the fabrication of electron devices." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308358.
Full textMay, Michael Julian. "Etude des résines à amplification chimique 193 nm de tonalité positive ou négative pour une application microélectronique sub65 nm." Strasbourg, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/MAY_Michael_2008_ED182.pdf.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of photoresists. The fabrication process of integrated circuits requires their use for generating the resist patterns which later serve as a mask during an etch step that transfer the patterns into the substrate. Therefore, we have studied the etch behaviour of negative and positive 193 nm resists when exposed to a chosen oxide etch plasma. The resist analyses have pointed out that the resist deprotection that occurs during the etch is linked to the acrylic monomers that are part of the resist. The evaluation of model polymers and formulations has then permitted to determine wich parameters are relevant to improve the etch resistance of 193 nm resists. We have then also studied the resolution limit of a negative tone resist using an immersion interferometer. This work has enabled to show that, in spite of the progress realized in the negative tone resist development, this tonality is not competitive compared to the common tonality
Zankovych, Sergiy. "Nanoimprint lithography as an alternative fabrication technique: towards applications in optics." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973072911.
Full textChoi, Jinsub. "Fabrication of monodomain porous alumina using nanoimprint lithography and its applications." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970954050.
Full textFairley, Kurtis. "Development and Applications of Thin Film Resists for Electron Beam Lithography." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19703.
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