Journal articles: 'Lithium polymer cell'

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Sutton, Preston, Martino Airoldi, Luca Porcarelli, Jorge L. Olmedo-Martínez, Clément Mugemana, Nico Bruns, David Mecerreyes, Ullrich Steiner, and Ilja Gunkel. "Tuning the Properties of a UV-Polymerized, Cross-Linked Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2020): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030595.

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Lithium metal anodes have been pursued for decades as a way to significantly increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, safety risks caused by flammable liquid electrolytes and short circuits due to lithium dendrite formation during cell cycling have so far prevented the use of lithium metal in commercial batteries. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) offer a potential solution if their mechanical properties and ionic conductivity can be simultaneously engineered. Here, we introduce a family of SPEs that are scalable and easy to prepare with a photopolymerization process, synthesized from amphiphilic acrylic polymer conetworks based on poly(ethylene glycol), 2-hydroxy-ethylacrylate, norbornyl acrylate, and either lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) or a single-ion polymethacrylate as lithium-ion source. Several conetworks were synthesized and cycled, and their ionic conductivity, mechanical properties, and lithium transference number were characterized. A single-ion-conducting polymer electrolyte shows the best compromise between the different properties and extends the calendar life of the cell.

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Yim, Taber, Neal A. Cardoza, Rhyz Pereira, and Vibha Kalra. "A Facile, Lithium Salt in Polymer Interfacial Layer for Lithium Anode Stability in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024487mtgabs.

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Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) have garnered interest recently due to their 8-fold increase in theoretical capacity compared to state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries (LIBs), the affordability of sulfur at $100/ton, and the low environmental impact of sulfur. However, just like LIBs, LSBs suffer from anode instability due to dendrite formation and an unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI). In this work, we address anode stability via a facile, polymer and lithium salt interfacial layer. Stable SEI formation was achieved by using a fluorinated polymer and lithium salt. A conventional Celgard separator was used for mechanical support and the polymer:salt ratio was tuned. To confirm the effectiveness of the interfacial layer for anode stability, it was used as a standalone gel polymer electrolyte in a Li-Li symmetric cell. It showed remarkable stability beyond 700 hours at an energy density of 1 mA cm-2 and capacity of 1 mAh cm-2, with a steady polarization voltage of 16mV. By comparison, a Li-Li symmetric cell with a Celgard separator began to show increasing polarization voltage after just 100 hours, with a polarization voltage that gradually increased to beyond 500mV (Figure 1). This stability was achieved by a robust SEI layer that contained LiF and Li2O, hindering the formation of the dead lithium layer. The presence of these compounds was confirmed by post-mortem X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Dendrite formation was also physically inhibited by the presence of the polymer matrix that had a uniform morphology and pore diameter around 1 μm. Additionally, using this interfacial layer in a lithium-sulfur coin cell provided a capacity of 866 mAh g-1 at 200 cycles, a 26% improvement over lithium-sulfur cells without the interfacial layer. Figure 1

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Croce, F., S. Panero, P. Prosperi, and B. Scrosati. "Electrochemical characterization of a polymer/polymer, rechargeable solid-state lithium cell." Solid State Ionics 28-30 (September 1988): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2738(88)80165-6.

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Arbizzani, C., M. Mastragostino, S. Panero, P. Prosperi, and B. Scrosati. "Electrochemical characterization of a polymer/polymer rechargeable lithium solid-state cell." Synthetic Metals 28, no. 1-2 (January 1989): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0379-6779(89)90587-0.

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Lee, Yoon-Sung, Won-Kyung Shin, Jung Soo Kim, and Dong-Won Kim. "High performance composite polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion polymer cells composed of a graphite negative electrode and LiFePO4 positive electrode." RSC Advances 5, no. 24 (2015): 18359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15767b.

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Liang, Hai-Peng, Maider Zarrabeitia, Zhen Chen, Sven Jovanovic, Steffen Merz, Josef Granwehr, Stefano Passerini, and Dominic Bresser. "Polysiloxane-Based Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance Li‖NMC₈₁₁ Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012326mtgabs.

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The ongoing electrification of the transportation sector is triggering a continuous search for batteries with higher energy density. One approach to achieve this goal is the transition to lithium-metal anodes. However, the practical implementation brings about severe safety issues such as the dendritic deposition and growth of metallic lithium and the consequent risk of accidental short circuiting of the cell, resulting in a thermal runaway.1 Solid-state electrolytes such as polymers are considered a viable strategy to overcome this issue, especially single-ion conducting polymers, owing to the absence of the detrimental reversed cell polarization, the uniform Li+ flux, and frequently higher limiting current densities.2,3 In fact, the latter is of utmost importance for the fast charging of battery cells as well as the eventual power density. So far, however, the cycling performance at high dis-/charge rates and high current densities for battery cells comprising a polymer electrolyte remained little investigated and commonly non-satisfactory. Here, we report the development of a polysiloxane-based single-ion conducting polymer electrolyte (PSiOM) with a Li+ conductivity exceeding 10−4 S cm−1 at ambient temperature and excellent stability towards both lithium metal and high-energy LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NMC811) as the active material for the positive electrode. This new polymer electrolyte enables dendrite-free lithium deposition, thanks to the formation of a suitable electrode|electrolyte interface and interphase and the uniform Li+ flux. Moreover, PSiOM allows for an outstanding capacity retention of, e.g., 90% at 1C and 86% at 2C after 300 cycles and rapid charging and discharging at C rates as high as 5C. It is important to note that we used reasonable active material mass loadings for these tests (>7 mg cm-2), which means that the current densities applied were up to 7.20 mA cm−2 at 40 °C and 2.88 mA cm−2 at 20 °C. To the best of our knowledge, these current densities are among the highest reported so far for polymer-based electrolytes. References (1) Kalhoff, J.; Eshetu, G. G.; Bresser, D.; Passerini, S. Safer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries: State of the Art and Perspectives. ChemSusChem 2015, 8 (13), 2154–2175. (2) Zhang, H.; Li, C.; Piszcz, M.; Coya, E.; Rojo, T.; Rodriguez-Martinez, L. M.; Armand, M.; Zhou, Z. Single Lithium-Ion Conducting Solid Polymer Electrolytes: Advances and Perspectives. Chemical Society Reviews 2017, 46 (3), 797–815. (3) Nguyen, H.-D.; Kim, G.-T.; Shi, J.; Paillard, E.; Judeinstein, P.; Lyonnard, S.; Bresser, D.; Iojoiu, C. Nanostructured Multi-Block Copolymer Single-Ion Conductors for Safer High-Performance Lithium Batteries. Energy & Environmental Science 2018, 11 (11), 3298–3309.

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Veselkova, Iuliia, Kamil Jasso, Tomas Kazda, and Marie Sedlaříková. "Gel Polymer Electrolyte Based on Methyl Methacrylate for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." ECS Transactions 105, no. 1 (November 30, 2021): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10501.0239ecst.

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Lithium-sulfur batteries are next-generation battery systems with low cost and high specific energy. However, it is necessary to solve several deficiencies of these batteries such as shuttle effect, and gel polymer electrolyte is a great candidate. These perspective materials can be used as a replacement for liquid electrolytes, and at the same time, they can help to solve the problems of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this work, gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on methyl methacrylate was prepared by cross-linking strategy. As cross-link ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) was used. Prepared gel with a high electric conductivity was testing in the lithium-sulfur cell (Li/GPE/S). The electrochemical performance of the cell was studied.

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Lennartz, Peter, Min-Huei Chiou, Johannes H. Thienenkamp, Martin Winter, and Gunther Brunklaus. "(Digital Presentation) In-Depth Analysis of Interfacial Processes between Lithium Metal and Polymer Electrolyte Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Distribution of Relaxation Times." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272611mtgabs.

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Rechargeable solid-state lithium metal batteries are highly promising systems beyond lithium-ion technology, potentially affording high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. Despite substantial progress in this field, significant challenges remain, including interfacial changes upon cell operation and achievement of reversible lithium inventory. Here, polymer electrolytes may offer flexible solutions and operational safety, providing compromises among conflicting demands of mechanical robustness and sufficient ionic conductivity, though advancements and tailored design of future polymer materials of functional layers and cell designs require input from insights into interfacial processes, characteristic charge transfer rates and associated resistances at electrode|electrolyte interfaces, respectively. In this work, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is therefore carefully exploited for the analysis of relevant charge transfer processes in case of introduced polymer electrolytes[1], invoking a distribution of relaxation times (DRT) approach. The obtained complex permittivity and conductivity of the materials upon variation of temperature as well as explicit modification of the thin lithium metal electrodes with artificial polymer layers yield characteristic data of the evolution of interfacial resistances and the corresponding charge transfer reactions, in this way demonstrating the significant diagnostic strength of EIS/DRT analysis for future developments. In addition, operando EIS/DRT analysis is done upon plating of lithium metal, complemented by 7Li solid-state NMR spectra acquired at various states during lithium deposition, thereby revealing occurring species and their microstructures based on the 7Li NMR chemical shifts. In summary, EIS/DRT analysis is utilized as powerful diagnostic technique, highlighting how to exploit observable trends of characteristic parameters at electrode|electrolyte interfaces for future design of polymer-based materials as well as high performance cell concepts. [1]Chiou et al., Journal of Power Sources 538 (2022) 231528 Figure 1

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Tian, Lanlan, Lian Xiong, Xuefang Chen, Haijun Guo, Hairong Zhang, and Xinde Chen. "Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Gel Polymer Electrolyte with Hybrid Copolymer of Organic Palygorskite and Methyl Methacrylate." Materials 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 1814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11101814.

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Gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is widely considered as a promising safe lithium-ion battery material compared to conventional organic liquid electrolyte, which is linked to a greater risk of corrosive liquid leakage, spontaneous combustion, and explosion. GPE contains polymers, lithium salts, and liquid electrolyte, and inorganic nanoparticles are often used as fillers to improve electrochemical performance. However, such composite polymer electrolytes are usually prepared by means of blending, which can impact on the compatibility between the polymer and filler. In this study, the hybrid copolymer poly (organic palygorskite-co-methyl methacrylate) (poly(OPal-MMA)) is synthesized using organic palygorskite (OPal) and MMA as raw materials. The poly(OPal-MMA) gel electrolyte exhibits an ionic conductivity of 2.94 × 10−3 S/cm at 30 °C. The Li/poly(OPal-MMA) electrolyte/LiFePO4 cell shows a wide electrochemical window (approximately 4.7 V), high discharge capacity (146.36 mAh/g), and a low capacity-decay rate (0.02%/cycle).

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Bhute, Monali V., Subhash B. Kondawar, and Pankaj Koinkar. "Fabrication of hybrid gel nanofibrous polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 19 (July 18, 2018): 1840066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400660.

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Fibrous membranes are promising separators for high-performance lithium ion battery because of their high porosity and superior electrolyte uptake. In this paper, the fabrication of hybrid gel polymer electrolyte (HGPE) by introducing SnO2 nanoparticles in poly(vinylidine fluoride) by electrospinning technique and soaking the electrospun nanofibrous membranes in 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate (EC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1:1, v/v). The as-prepared electrospun HGPE with SnO2 nanofiller was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The influence of SnO2 on the structure of polymer membrane, physical, and electrochemical properties is systematically investigated. HGPE shows significant high ionic conductivity 4.6 × 10[Formula: see text] S/cm at room-temperature and better cell performance such as discharge C-rate capability and cycle performance. The hybrid gel polymer nanofibrous membrane favors high uptake of lithium electrolyte so that electrolyte leakage is reduced. The gel polymer electrolyte with SnO2 filler was used for the fabrication of Li/PVdF-SnO2/LiFePO4 coin cell. The fabricated cell was evaluated at a current density of 0.2 C-rate and delivered stable and excellent cycle performance. This study revealed that the prepared HGPE can be employed as potential electrolyte for lithium ion batteries.

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Kufian, M. Z., A. K. Arof, and S. Ramesh. "PMMA-LiBOB Gel Polymer Electrolytes in Lithium-Oxygen Cell." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 515 (April 17, 2019): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/515/1/012010.

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Rey, Isabelle, Jean‐Luc Bruneel, Joseph Grondin, Laurent Servant, and Jean‐Claude Lassègues. "Raman Spectroelectrochemistry of a Lithium/Polymer Electrolyte Symmetric Cell." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 145, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 3034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1838759.

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Kim, Bong G., Dipesh D. Patel, and Ziyad M. Salameh. "Circuit Model of 100 Ah Lithium Polymer Battery Cell." Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 01, no. 06 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2013.16001.

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Macklin, W. J., R. J. Neat, and R. J. Powell. "Performance of lithiummanganese oxide spinel electrodes in a lithium polymer electrolyte cell." Journal of Power Sources 34, no. 1 (February 1991): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(91)85022-o.

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Maruvada, Teja, Lalit Patidar, and Meet Patel. "Thermal Characterization of Lithium Polymer Battery Module for Electric Vehicle Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 575 (June 2014): 620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.575.620.

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Modern day electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles which run completely/partially on electric power typically use lithium polymer cells to build the battery module. The high energy density of the lithium polymer cells makes them desirable compared to others. These battery modules get heated up as high currents pass through the cells, which are arranged in stacks. Thermal management of cells is one of the main factors to be considered in the battery module design. A properly designed thermal management system is crucial to prevent overheating and uneven heating across a large battery module of lithium polymer cells, which can lead to degradation, mismatch in cell capacity and thermal runaway. A Three dimensional transient thermal analysis of cell stacks is performed in ANSYS workbench under the required operating conditions and a temperature profile of each and every point is obtained. An experimental setup is designed and built to simulate both the thermal and electrical conditions of the battery module in order to determine the thermal performance of the cell stacks. The simulation results are validated with the experimentally obtained results.

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Elizalde-Segovia, Rodrigo, Pratyusha Das, Billal Zayat, Ahamed Irshad, Barry C. Thompson, and S. R. Narayanan. "Understanding the Role of π-Conjugated Polymers as Binders in Enabling Designs for High-Energy/High-Rate Lithium Metal Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 110541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac3850.

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Developing lithium-ion batteries with both high specific energy and high-power capability is a challenging task because of the necessity for meeting conflicting design requirements. We show that high-energy and high-rate capability can be achieved by using various π-conjugated p-dopable polymers as binders at the cathode and by lowering the mass fraction of all the inactive components of the cell. We report a lithium-metal battery that can deliver 320 Wh kg−1 at C/2 using a mass-efficient cell design. To this end, three conducting polymers with different ionic and electronic conductivities have been studied; dihexyl-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT-Hx2), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and a new Random Copolymer (Hex:OE)(80:20) PProDOT. These conducting polymers are compared against a conventional polymer binder, PVDF. We show that under the mass-efficient conditions required for achieving high specific energy and rate capability, the conducting polymers play a crucial role by providing electronic and ionic conductivity, protection against rapid growth of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and access to a large electrochemically active surface area. Thus, the use of conducting polymers with appropriate molecular structure as binders opens a viable pathway to maximizing the specific energy and rate capability of lithium-ion battery cathodes.

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Pigłowska, Marita, Beata Kurc, Maciej Galiński, Paweł Fuć, Michalina Kamińska, Natalia Szymlet, and Paweł Daszkiewicz. "Challenges for Safe Electrolytes Applied in Lithium-Ion Cells—A Review." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 6783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226783.

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The aspect of safety in electronic devices has turned out to be a huge challenge for the world of science. Thus far, satisfactory power and energy densities, efficiency, and cell capacities have been achieved. Unfortunately, the explosiveness and thermal runaway of the cells prevents them from being used in demanding applications such as electric cars at higher temperatures. The main aim of this review is to highlight different electrolytes used in lithium-ion cells as well as the flammability aspect. In the paper, the authors present liquid inorganic electrolytes, composite polymer–ceramic electrolytes, ionic liquids (IL), polymeric ionic liquids, polymer electrolytes (solvent-free polymer electrolytes (SPEs), gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), and composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs)), and different flame retardants used to prevent the thermal runaway and combustion of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Additionally, various flame tests used for electrolytes in LIBs have been adopted. Aside from a detailed description of the electrolytes consumed in LIBs. Last section in this work discusses hydrogen as a source of fuel cell operation and its practical application as a global trend that supports green chemistry.

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Ma, Liyong, Chengkuan Ma, and Lidan Tang. "Bubble Detection in Lithium-ion Polymer Cell Sheet Using Extreme Learning Machine." Recent Patents on Engineering 13, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872212112666180522082329.

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Background: As lithium-ion polymer battery has high energy density and it is easy to be manufactured into different shapes, it arouses more interests of both technology and application recently. The quality of the lithium-ion polymer battery is essential to all the applications, and the detection of bubble defect in cell sheets is critical to the quality control of batteries. Recent patents on flaw detection in cell sheet are reviewed. Method: A novel application is developed to detect bubble defect in cell sheets of lithium-ion polymer battery by using extreme learning machine. The image processing methods and the selected features for bubble detection are detailed. Gaussian mixture model density estimation for extreme learning machine is developed to solve the problem of lack of enough flaw samples for classification learning. Results: The comparison of classification correction rate of different methods showed that the classification accuracy of the proposed method was between 99% and 100%. The proposed method was able to keep the superior performance of accuracy with the different sample numbers, and it had most satisfactory performance with varies of sample number. Experimental results also showed that the number of nodes in the hidden layer had little influence on the classification accuracy in the proposed method. Conclusion: All these experiments have shown that the proposed method has the best performance and the proposed bubble detection method is more efficient than other learning-based methods, and the proposed method has the potential to defect detection in other image processing applications.

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Luo, Wenhan, Kuirong Deng, Shuanjin Wang, Shan Ren, Dongmei Han, Yufei Wang, Min Xiao, and Yuezhong Meng. "A Novel Gel Polymer Electrolyte by Thiol-Ene Click Reaction Derived from CO2-Based Polycarbonate for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (July 17, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5047487.

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Here, we describe the synthesis of a CO2-based polycarbonate with pendent alkene groups and its functionalization by grafting methoxypolyethylene glycol in view of its application possibility in gel polymer electrolyte lithium-ion batteries. The gel polymer electrolyte is prepared by an in-situ thiol-ene click reaction between polycarbonate with pendent alkene groups and thiolated methoxypolyethylene glycol in liquid lithium hexafluorophosphate electrolyte and exhibits conductivity as remarkably high as 2.0×10−2 S cm−1 at ambient temperature. To the best of our knowledge, this gel polymer electrolyte possesses the highest conductivity in all relevant literatures. A free-standing composite gel polymer electrolyte membrane is obtained by incorporating the gel polymer electrolyte with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride as a skeleton. The as-prepared composite membrane is used to assemble a prototype lithium iron phosphate cell and evaluated accordingly. The battery delivers a good reversible charge-discharge capacity close to 140 mAh g-1 at 1 C rate and 25°C with only 0.022% per cycle decay after 200 cycles. This work provides an interesting molecular design for polycarbonate application in gel electrolyte lithium-ion batteries.

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Cheon, Hyeong Jun, and Mincheol Chang. "A Flame-Retardant Polymer Electrolyte for Safe and Long-Life Lithium Metal Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 64 (October 9, 2022): 2305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02642305mtgabs.

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With the increasing demand for batteries with high energy density, lithium metal anode-based batteries are suitable candidates. Although lithium metal is an attractive material with excellent theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh/g) and very redox potential (-3.04 V vs. strandard hydrogen electrode), it causes electrolyte leakage, combustion, and explosion problems due to dendrite growth. In the case of conventional liquid electrolytes, dendrites grow more freely and flammable organic solvents are used, making them unsuitable for use with lithium metal anodes. On the contrary, solid polymer electrolyte-based batteries have the advantage of being able to achieve higher energy density as well as better stability to lithium metal. However, the organic component of the solid polymer electrolyte is still flammable, and the polymer/ceramic composite material is also generally flammable, so the safety issue cannot be completely avoided. Here, we show that the addition of a flame retardant effectively reduces the flammability of solid polymer electrolytes. The solid electrolyte consisted of a combination of PEO and flame retardant DMMP, and the composed LFP/solid polymer electrolyte/Li cell exhibited improved cycle stability and ionic conductivity. Figure 1

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Eriksson, T., A. M. Andersson, Ö. Bergström, K. Edström, T. Gustafsson, and J. O. Thomas. "A furnace forin situX-ray diffraction studies of insertion processes in electrode materials at elevated temperatures." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 5 (September 25, 2001): 654–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801011864.

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A furnace is described forin situX-ray diffraction studies, in transmission mode, of structural changes in electrode materials for Li-ion (polymer) batteries in the ambient to 300°C temperature range. The method exploits the thin flat-cell geometry of the lithium-polymer battery concept. The flat sample is able to oscillate about a horizontal axis in its own plane in the X-ray beam, to provide better averaging during the diffraction experiment. The use of the device is demonstrated in a study of lithium intercalation in graphite (a commonly used anode material in lithium-ion batteries) during electrochemical cycling and storage at 70°C.

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Nguyen, An-Giang, Geon-Chang Song, and Chan-Jin Park. "Formation of Three-Dimensional Ion Transport Channels in Composite Solid Polymer Electrolyte for Use at Room Temperature." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 4 (October 9, 2022): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024420mtgabs.

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Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have widely revolutionized our lifestyle, from electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs) to energy storage systems (ESSs) along with decarbonization trends for sustainable perspective. Unfortunately, the future application of conventional LIBs using liquid organic electrolytes has shown limitation in terms of their energy density and safety concerns. All-solid-state battery (ASSB) are attractive as a next-generation battery to address these issues. Among various solid-state electrolytes, composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) is of particular interest by inheriting the advantages of both inorganic and solid polymer electrolytes. The CSPEs are generally constructed by dispersing (in)active fillers into the polymer matrix to facilitate the dissociation of lithium salts and decrease the crystallinity of polymer matrix, leading to an increase in the ionic conductivity of CSPEs. To further improve the ionic conductivity of CSPEs, the fillers with various morphologies from 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D frameworks can be used to enhance the conductive pathways for lithium-ions diffusion. In particular, the 3D frameworks greatly improved ionic conductivity by supplying “highways” for lithium-ion diffusion. In addition, 3D frameworks can also prevent the agglomeration of filler particles and the growth of lithium dendrite. In this study, by employing a 3D ionic transport framework, Li|3D-CSPE|Li symmetric cell could cycle over 1000 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm-2. Moreover, all-solid-state Li|3D-CSPE|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cell retained a high capacity retention of 79.4% after 230 cycles at 30 °C. In addition, this novel concept is successfully applied to all-solid-state sodium batteries. The Na|3D-CSPE| Na3V1.97Mg0.03(PO4)3/C cell demonstrateed long-term cycling stability at 2 C. This approach provides a practical strategy to address the bottleneck of CSPE to enable safe and high-energy solid-state batteries.

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Yazami, R. "Composite carbon/polymer electrode for a rechargeable electrochemical lithium cell." Journal of Power Sources 70, no. 1 (January 30, 1998): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(97)84021-9.

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Sadeghzadeh, Rozita, Mickaël Dollé, David Lepage, Arnaud Prébé, Gabrielle Foran, and David Aymé-Perrot. "(Digital Presentation) Post-Treatment Study on Blended Polymer for Solid-State Lithium Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272468mtgabs.

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The widely used Li batteries (LiBs) is the most established rechargeable energy storage device. Therefore, the development of new electrode and electrolyte materials is essential for improving battery performance. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been presented as safer alternatives for liquid electrolytes as they tend to be non-flammable, have enough mechanical strength to resist dendrite growth, and do not leak. However, these materials tend to be less conductive than liquid electrolytes. This problem can be solved by solid-state gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), which have lately received more attention. In fact, present a possible solution to this dilemma as they combine the ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes with the increased safety of SPE to develop of electrolytes with high ionic conductivity and good mechanical stability.1 This work presents a preparation of in-situ GPE from SPE which produce by dry process in order to take advantage of the easy processability of SPE and the higher ionic conductivity of GPE.2, 3 The initial SPE was prepared by combining two polymers with LiTFSI (bis(trifluorormethanesulfonyl)imide) via extrusion mixing. This method of GPE processing was also found to improve other aspects of the electrolyte such as thermal and electrochemical properties which were characterized using cycling voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Additionally, the salt-polymer interaction in the GPE was characterized using FTIR, NMR, and the homogeneity of the polymer blend study by SEM-EDX. The cell of LFP/electrolyte/ Li metal showed a high capacity near to the theoretical one at C/20 at temperature 60 C. Additionally, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte is around 10-5 S/cm. These first results confirmed that this blend of the polymers is a good electrolyte candidate for lithium batteries. Verdier, N.; Lepage, D.; Zidani, R.; Prebe, A.; Ayme-Perrot, D.; Pellerin, C.; Dolle, M.; Rochefort, D., Cross-linked polyacrylonitrile-based elastomer used as gel polymer electrolyte in Li-ion battery. ACS Applied Energy Materials 2019, 3 (1), 1099-1110. Ma, C.; Cui, W.; Liu, X.; Ding, Y.; Wang, Y., In situ preparation of gel polymer electrolyte for lithium batteries: Progress and perspectives. InfoMat 2021. Verdier, N.; Foran, G.; Lepage, D.; Prébé, A.; Aymé-Perrot, D.; Dollé, M., Challenges in Solvent-Free Methods for Manufacturing Electrodes and Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Batteries. Polymers 2021, 13 (3), 323.

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Lin, Yong-Yi, Yen-Ming Chen, Sheng-Shu Hou, Jeng-Shiung Jan, Yuh-Lang Lee, and Hsisheng Teng. "Diode-like gel polymer electrolytes for full-cell lithium ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 33 (2017): 17476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta04886f.

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Szalai, Szabolcs, Szabolcs Kocsis Szürke, Dóra Harangozó, and Szabolcs Fischer. "Investigation of deformations of a lithium polymer cell using the Digital Image Correlation Method (DICM)." Reports in Mechanical Engineering 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 206–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31181/rme20008022022s.

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This research aims to investigate the adaptability of a measurement system or a process in determining the parameters of batteries. Methods are suggested for different applications, and properties gained by these measurements are specified. Deformations of lithium polymer batteries measured by various methodologies are also analyzed in detail. Changes in the geometry of worn-out batteries and the localization of the changes can be better understood by applying the results. The GOM ATOS and the GOM ARAMIS systems were applied to characterize lithium polymer batteries. Discontinuous tests were performed and the battery was discharged to 0 V and then fully charged for both methods. The advantages and disadvantages and the applicability of the two measurement systems were analyzed in this topic.

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Liu, Yiqun, Y. Gene Liao, and Ming-Chia Lai. "Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery for 12-Voltage Applications: Experiment, Modelling, and Validation." Energies 13, no. 3 (February 3, 2020): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030638.

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Modelling, simulation, and validation of the 12-volt battery pack using a 20 Ah lithium–nickel–manganese–cobalt–oxide cell is presented in this paper. The cell characteristics influenced by thermal effects are also considered in the modelling. The parameters normalized directly from a single cell experiment are foundations of the model. This approach provides a systematic integration of actual cell monitoring with a module model that contains four cells connected in series. The validated battery module model then is utilized to form a high fidelity 80 Ah 12-volt battery pack with 14.4 V nominal voltage. The battery cell thermal effectiveness and battery module management system functions are constructed in the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The experimental tests are carried out in an industry-scale setup with cycler unit, temperature control chamber, and computer-controlled software for battery testing. As the 12-volt lithium-ion battery packs might be ready for mainstream adoption in automotive starting–lighting–ignition (SLI), stop–start engine idling elimination, and stationary energy storage applications, this paper investigates the influence of ambient temperature and charging/discharging currents on the battery performance in terms of discharging voltage and usable capacity. The proposed simulation model provides design guidelines for lithium-ion polymer batteries in electrified vehicles and stationary electric energy storage applications.

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Fu, Kun (Kelvin), Yunhui Gong, Jiaqi Dai, Amy Gong, Xiaogang Han, Yonggang Yao, Chengwei Wang, et al. "Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 26 (June 15, 2016): 7094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600422113.

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Beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology with metallic lithium anodes to replace conventional ion intercalation anode materials is highly desirable because of lithium’s highest specific capacity (3,860 mA/g) and lowest negative electrochemical potential (∼3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a 3D lithium-ion–conducting ceramic network based on garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 (LLZO) lithium-ion conductor to provide continuous Li+ transfer channels in a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite. This composite structure further provides structural reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. The flexible solid-state electrolyte composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. The membrane can effectively block dendrites in a symmetric Li | electrolyte | Li cell during repeated lithium stripping/plating at room temperature, with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 for around 500 h and a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 for over 300 h. These results provide an all solid ion-conducting membrane that can be applied to flexible LIBs and other electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium–sulfur batteries.

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Liu, Yiqun, Y. Gene Liao, and Ming-Chia Lai. "Transient Temperature Distributions on Lithium-Ion Polymer SLI Battery." Vehicles 1, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles1010008.

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Lithium-ion polymer batteries currently are the most popular vehicle onboard electric energy storage systems ranging from the 12 V/24 V starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) battery to the high-voltage traction battery pack in hybrid and electric vehicles. The operating temperature has a significant impact on the performance, safety, and cycle lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. It is essential to quantify the heat generation and temperature distribution of a battery cell, module, and pack during different operating conditions. In this paper, the transient temperature distributions across a battery module consisting of four series-connected lithium-ion polymer battery cells are measured under various charging and discharging currents. A battery thermal model, correlated with the experimental data, is built in the module-level in the ANSYS/Fluent platform. This validated module thermal model is then extended to a pack thermal model which contains four parallel-connected modules. The temperature distributions on the battery pack model are simulated under 40 A, 60 A, and 80 A constant discharge currents. An air-cool thermal management system is integrated with the battery pack model to ensure the operating temperature and temperature gradient within the optimal range. This paper could provide thermal management design guideline for the lithium-ion polymer battery pack.

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Jo, Rae Hwan, Jae Ha Lee, and Woo Young Yoon. "Electrochemical Properties of Lithium Powder Anode Cell with Gel Polymer Electrolyte and Lithium Trivanadate Cathode." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 7131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2013.7671.

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Lee, Seung-Yong, Junyi Shangguan, Judith Alvarado, Sophia Betzler, Stephen J. Harris, Marca M. Doeff, and Haimei Zheng. "Unveiling the mechanisms of lithium dendrite suppression by cationic polymer film induced solid–electrolyte interphase modification." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 6 (2020): 1832–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ee00518e.

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Tian, Lanlan, Mengkun Wang, Lian Xiong, Haijun Guo, Chao Huang, Hairong Zhang, and Xinde Chen. "The Effect of Different Mixed Organic Solvents on the Properties of p(OPal-MMA) Gel Electrolyte Membrane for Lithium Ion Batteries." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 2587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122587.

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A solvent is a key factor during polymer membrane preparation, and it is directly related to application performance as a separator for lithium ion battery (LIB). In this study, different mixed solvents were employed to prepare polymer (p(OPal-MMA)) membranes by the phase inversion technique. The polymer membrane then absorbed liquid electrolytes to obtain gel electrolytes (GPEs). The surface morphologies and porosities of these membranes were investigated, and lithium ion transferences and electrochemical performances of these GPEs were also measured. The membrane displayed an interconnected three-dimensional framework structure with uniformly distributed pores when using DMF as a porogen. When combined with acetone as the component solvent, the prepared GPE displayed the largest lithium ion transference number (0.706), the highest porosity (42.6%) and ion conductivity (3.99 × 10−3 S/cm). Even when assembled as Li/GPE/LiFePO4 cell, it exhibited the highest initial specific capacity of 167 mAh/g and retained most capacity (162 mAh/g) after 50 cycles. The results presented here probably provide reference for choosing an appropriate mixed solvent in fabricating polymer membranes.

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Wang, Anqi, Yue Tu, Sijie Wang, Hongbing Zhang, Feng Yu, Yong Chen, and De Li. "A PEGylated Chitosan as Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries." Polymers 14, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 4552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14214552.

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Due to their safety and sustainability, polysaccharides such as cellulose and chitosan have great potential to be the matrix of gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) for lithium-based batteries. However, they easily form hydrogels due to the large numbers of hydrophilic hydroxyl or amino functional groups within their macromolecules. Therefore, a polysaccharide-based amphiphilic gel, or organogel, is urgently necessary to satisfy the anhydrous requirement of lithium ion batteries. In this study, a PEGylated chitosan was initially designed using a chemical grafting method to make an GPE for lithium ion batteries. The significantly improved affinity of PEGylated chitosan to organic liquid electrolyte makes chitosan as a GPE for lithium ion batteries possible. A reasonable ionic conductivity (1.12 × 10−3 S cm−1) and high lithium ion transport number (0.816) at room temperature were obtained by replacing commercial battery separator with PEG-grafted chitosan gel film. The assembled Li/GPE/LiFePO4 coin cell also displayed a high initial discharge capacity of 150.8 mA h g−1. The PEGylated chitosan-based GPE exhibits great potential in the field of energy storage.

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Mouraliraman, Devanadane, Nitheesha Shaji, Sekar Praveen, Murugan Nanthagopal, Chang Won Ho, Murugesan Varun Karthik, Taehyung Kim, and Chang Woo Lee. "Thermally Stable PVDF-HFP-Based Gel Polymer Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries." Nanomaterials 12, no. 7 (March 24, 2022): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071056.

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The development of gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has paved the way to powering futuristic technological applications such as hybrid electric vehicles and portable electronic devices. Despite their multiple advantages, non-aqueous liquid electrolytes (LEs) possess certain drawbacks, such as plasticizers with flammable ethers and esters, electrochemical instability, and fluctuations in the active voltage scale, which limit the safety and working span of the batteries. However, these shortcomings can be rectified using GPEs, which result in the enhancement of functional properties such as thermal, chemical, and mechanical stability; electrolyte uptake; and ionic conductivity. Thus, we report on PVDF-HFP/PMMA/PVAc-based GPEs comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-co-HFP) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) host polymers and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) as a guest polymer. A physicochemical characterization of the polymer membrane with GPE was conducted, and the electrochemical performance of the NCM811/Li half-cell with GPE was evaluated. The GPE exhibited an ionic conductivity of 4.24 × 10−4 S cm−1, and the NCM811/Li half-cell with GPE delivered an initial specific discharge capacity of 204 mAh g−1 at a current rate of 0.1 C. The cells exhibited excellent cyclic performance with 88% capacity retention after 50 cycles. Thus, this study presents a promising strategy for maintaining capacity retention, safety, and stable cyclic performance in rechargeable LIBs.

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Kufian, M. Z., S. Ramesh, and A. K. Arof. "PMMA-LiTFSI based gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-oxygen cell application." Optical Materials 120 (October 2021): 111418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111418.

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Zhang, X. "Characteristics of lithium-ion-conducting composite polymer-glass secondary cell electrolytes." Journal of Power Sources 112, no. 1 (October 24, 2002): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00365-8.

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Yoon, Yeo-Seong, Mee-Hye Oh, Ahyeong Kim, Ki-Hoon Kim, and Namil Kim. "Thermal Behavior Analysis of Polymer Composites in Lithium-Ion Battery Cell." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 6, no. 3 (March 25, 2013): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-0039.

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38

Liu, Jie, Jinqiu Zhou, Mengfan Wang, Chaoqun Niu, Tao Qian, and Chenglin Yan. "A functional-gradient-structured ultrahigh modulus solid polymer electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 42 (2019): 24477–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta07876b.

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A new functional-gradient-structured solid polymer electrolyte was obtained, synergistically achieving high modulus for dendrite-suppression and good interface contact for the increase of cell cyclability in solid-state lithium metal batteries.

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Ratri, Christin, Titik Lestariningsih, and Qolby Sabrina. "PERFORMANCE STUDY OF LiBOB/LiTFSI ELECTROLYTE SALT IN THE ALL-SOLID-STATE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY." Jurnal Sains Materi Indonesia 21, no. 3 (October 29, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jsmi.2020.21.3.5895.

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PERFORMANCE STUDY OF LiBOB/LiTFSI ELECTROLYTE SALT IN THE ALL-SOLIDSTATE LITHIUM-ION BATTERY. Solid polymer electrolyte is developed mainly to provide safer lithiumion battery upon high temperature operation. In this research, we employ LiBOB and LiTFSI electrolyte salt in various concentration to replace commercially used LiPF6 salt. Solution cast method was performed to produce polymer electrolyte membrane. PVdF-HFP was chosen as polymer matrix due to high dielectric constant, and compatibility to wide array of electrode materials as well as electrolyte salts. Higher amount of electrolyte salts contributes to thicker membrane and hence higher current output of the lithium-ion battery half-cells. SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry measurement was conducted to evaluate li-ion battery cell performance. Between the two electrolyte salts used in this experiment, LiTFSI salt exhibited better performance compared to LiBOB.

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Ahn, Seongki, Hitoshi Mikuriya, Eri Kojima, and Tetsuya Osaka. "Synthesis of Li Conductive Polymer Layer on 3D Structured S Cathode by Photo-Polymerization for Li–S Batteries." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 030546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac5c07.

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The dissolution of lithium polysulfide (Li2Sx, 4 ≤ x ≤ 8, LiPS) during charge/discharge testing is a critical issue hindering the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). To suppress LiPS dissolution, we propose a facile method to fabricate a Li-ion-conductive polymer layer by photopolymerization. The electrochemical performance of LSBs was investigated by preparing small pouch cells containing a three-dimensional (3D) structured sulfur-based cathode that either was or was not layered with the new polymer. Analysis of the electrolyte in the LSB pouch cell by UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that a 3D S cathode with polymer layer shows a good discharge capacity of 535 mA h g−1 and a coulombic efficiency (CE) of over 96% after 40 cycles. In comparison, the 3D S cathode without a polymer layer has a poor discharge capacity of 389 mA h g−1 and a CE of over 22% after 40 cycles. The dissolution suppressing ability of our new polymer layer demonstrates promise for the practical application of LSBs.

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Nicotera, Isabella, Ernestino Lufrano, Cataldo Simari, Apostolos Enotiadis, Sergio Brutti, Maryam Nojabaee, and Brigitta Sievert. "Nanoscale Ionic Materials for Nafion Based Nanocomposites Membranes As Single Lithium-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Sulfur Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012229mtgabs.

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Currently, rechargeable batteries with the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) chemistry has attracted great interest as one of the most promising candidates for next generation electrochemical energy storage systems. Research into these high energy density devices is critical to the development of thinner, lighter, and lower cost battery systems. One of the biggest obstacles for practical applications of Li-S batteries is caused by the soluble nature of the highly ordered lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn) in the organic electrolytes and induce a so-called “shuttle eﬀect”. A solid-state electrolyte (SPEs) could be a valid alternative in terms of reducing the polysulﬁdes dissolution and shuttle, as well as to protect the lithium metal anode and to minimize dendrite formation, which is beneﬁcial for improving the safety and cycle life of Li−S batteries. SPEs are typically dual-ion conductor systems both cations and anions are mobile and cause a concentration polarization leading to poor performances of batteries. Recently, single lithium-ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes (SLIC-SPEs) have been proposed for polymer electrolytes, where anions are covalently bonded to the polymer, inorganic backbone, or immobilized by anion acceptors and only the Li+ cation will contribute to a permanent flow of charge. They have advantages over conventional dual-ion conducting SPEs such as unity transference number, absence of harmful effect of anion polarization, extremely low rate of Li dendrite growth and immobilization of the lithium polysulfides in the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Polymer electrolytes based on ionomers (e.g., Naﬁon) with easily ionizable groups (e.g., sulfonic groups covalently bonded to the polymer side-chains, −CF2SO3 −) are promising thanks to the high concentration of weakly coordinating anions (counterions). In this work, lithiated Naﬁon and Naﬁon-nanocomposites membranes based on Nanoscale Ionic Materials (NIMs) were synthesized, and their ionic conductivity and lithium transference number were investigated in common nonaqueous organic solvents (EC/PC and Glymes). A thorough and systematic study of the lithium-ion transport was conducted by p 1H and 7Li pulsed ﬁeld gradient (PFG) NMR spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), while the mechanical properties of the film electrolytes have been tested by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in a wide temperature range. The electrochemical studies have been conducted both in Li/Li symmetric cell and in secondary Li-S cells. The preliminary results are very interesting, showing ionic conductivities of the order of 5 × 10-4 S/ cm at 25°C satisfactory properties in terms of stability window and stability of the lithium stripping. The lithium transport number is very close to unity thus confirming the complete immobilization of the negative charge carriers.

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Park, Habin, Anthony Engler, Nian Liu, and Paul Kohl. "Dynamic Anion Delocalization of Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolyte for High-Performance of Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023227mtgabs.

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Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) have been considered as next-generation energy storages due to their extremely high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1). However, current LMBs, using conventional liquid electrolytes, still could not fulfill the demand of soaring expansion of energy era, such as electrical vehicles, because of their safety issues, originated by uncontrollable electrolytic side reaction on the lithium, resulting unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and vicious lithium dendritic growth [1]. Also, carbonate-based liquid electrolytes have an intrinsic flammability, and the lithium dendrite, which short-circuits a cell, can lead to severe safety hazard with the unfavorable flammability of current liquid system when they are ignited. Therefore, solid-state electrolytes have been spotlighted recently for a pathway for safe, and high energy and power LMBs, due to their superior thermal stability and low vapor pressure, while maintaining suitable electrolytic performances. In this study, solid-state single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SICPEs), utilizing dynamic anion delocalization (DAD), realizing high ionic conductivity and dimensional stability for high-performance LMB, are studied. The SICPEs enable superior lithium transference number, resulting in highly reduced concentration gradient of lithium cation along the electrolyte to suppress the undesirable lithium dendritic growth. However, SICPEs have prominently lower ionic conductivity than dual-ion conducting polymer electrolyte (DICPEs), which is a critical issue to make a slower charge/discharge for SICPEs [2]. Although an approach utilizing gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), using a liquid solvent as a plasticizer, has been exploited to increase the ionic conductivity of SICPEs, GPEs have struggled with lower mechanical stability, compared to solid state, and still existing flammability issue with the plasticizer. The novel plasticizer, which is described here, can interact with bulky anionic polymer matrix, so that the negative charge can be dispersed onto the whole complex by DAD. Once the bulky complex is formed by DAD, the dissociation of lithium cation from anionic matrix can be easier with the decreased activation energy and higher ionic conduction. While increasing the ionic conductivity with DAD, the nature of polymeric plasticizer will highly suppress flammability. DAD allows the membrane endure more tensile strength due to the dynamic structural change in crosslinking state, so that the polymer electrolyte can tolerate dendritic growth of lithium by morphological change on an electrode surface. The obvious advantages of DAD-induced solid polymer electrolytes in this study for a high energy and power, and ultra-safe LMB can present a novel approach of polymer electrolyte design to the astronomical demand of energy storages. [1] F. Ahmed, I. Choi, M.M. Rahman, H. Jang, T. Ryu, S. Yoon, L. Jin, Y. Jin, W. Kim, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 34930-34938. [2] D.-M. Shin, J.E. Bachman, M.K. Taylor, J. Kamcev, J.G. Park, M.E. Ziebel, E. Velasquez, N.N. Jarenwattananon, G.K. Sethi, Y. Cui, J.R. Long, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1905771.

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Mao, Jing Kui, and Shu Zheng. "Management System of Parallel Lithium Batteries Based on MCU." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.428.

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Now，it is a waste of large capacity cell in series and will cause fatal damage to the whole battery if one cell occurs failure. In this paper, a scheme of Parallel lithium/polymer battery Charge-Discharge intelligent management system with MCU(Micro-Computer Unit) and switch power supply technology is introduced. Under DC-DC transform of switch power, it can boost voltage of battery from 4.2V to voltage needed, but also reduce power waste of battery charge system and requirement of cell in coherence.

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Yang, Ying, Xue Yi Guo, and Xing Zhong Zhao. "Influence of Polymer Concentration on Polysaccharide Electrolyte for Quasi-Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." Materials Science Forum 685 (June 2011): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.685.76.

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A series of polymer electrolytes was synthesized to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells by a novel polysaccharide agarose as polymer matrix, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) as plasticizers, lithium iodide (LiI)/iodine (I2) as redox couple and titania nanoparticles as an absorber. The agarose polymer electrolytes with different agarose concentrations (1-5 wt %) were systematically studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the AC impedance spectra. The photoelectric performances of the DSSCs with different agarose content were investigated. Increasing polymer concentration led to a decrease in Tg of electrolyte in the low content range (1-2 wt %), which results in relative high conductivity in these content ranges. The 1.5 wt % agarose contained electrolyte showed the maximum conductivity of 3.94 ×10-4 S cm-1. After optimization, the energy conversion efficiency of 4.14 % was obtained in the cell with 2 wt % agarose.

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Möller, Sören, Takahiro Satoh, Yasuyuki Ishii, Britta Teßmer, Rayan Guerdelli, Tomihiro Kamiya, Kazuhisa Fujita, et al. "Absolute Local Quantification of Li as Function of State-of-Charge in All-Solid-State Li Batteries via 2D MeV Ion-Beam Analysis." Batteries 7, no. 2 (June 20, 2021): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries7020041.

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Direct observation of the lithiation and de-lithiation in lithium batteries on the component and microstructural scale is still difficult. This work presents recent advances in MeV ion-beam analysis, enabling quantitative contact-free analysis of the spatially-resolved lithium content and state-of-charge (SoC) in all-solid-state lithium batteries via 3 MeV proton-based characteristic x-ray and gamma-ray emission analysis. The analysis is demonstrated on cross-sections of ceramic and polymer all-solid-state cells with LLZO and MEEP/LIBOB solid electrolytes. Different SoC are measured ex-situ and one polymer-based operando cell is charged at 333 K during analysis. The data unambiguously show the migration of lithium upon charging. Quantitative lithium concentrations are obtained by taking the physical and material aspects of the mixed cathodes into account. This quantitative lithium determination as a function of SoC gives insight into irreversible degradation phenomena of all-solid-state batteries during the first cycles and locations of immobile lithium. The determined SoC matches the electrochemical characterization within uncertainties. The presented analysis method thus opens up a completely new access to the state-of-charge of battery cells not depending on electrochemical measurements. Automated beam scanning and data-analysis algorithms enable a 2D quantitative Li and SoC mapping on the µm-scale, not accessible with other methods.

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Çakmakçı, Emrah, Mustafa Hulusi Uğur, and Atilla Güngör. "UV-Cured polypropylene mesh-reinforced composite polymer electrolyte membranes." e-Polymers 15, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2014-0222.

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AbstractIn this study, a polypropylene (PP) mesh was used to prepare proton- and Li+ conducting composite membranes for fuel cells and lithium rechargeable batteries, respectively. For the preparation of Li+ conducting membrane, polypropylene mesh was first immersed in an electrolyte solution, which was composed of LiBF4 and ethylene carbonate. Then the swollen membrane was immersed in an acetone solution of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoro-propylene and photoinitiator. Finally, PP fabric was taken out from the solution and exposed to UV irradiation. Furthermore, proton conducting membranes were prepared by immersing the PP mesh into a mixture of vinyl phosphonic acid, PEGDA and photoinitiator. Afterwards, samples were cured under UV light. PP-reinforced membranes designed for fuel cell applications exhibited a room temperature conductivity of 3.3×10-3 mS/cm, while UV-cured electrolyte for Li batteries showed ionic conductivities in the range of 1.61×10-3–5.4×10-3 S/cm with respect to temperature. In addition, for lithium-doped composite polymer electrolyte (CPE), the electrochemical stability window was negligible below 4.75 V vs. Li/Li+. It is concluded that lithium-doped CPE has suitable electrochemical stability to allow the use of high-voltage electrode couples.

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Hidayat, Sahrul, Orina Amelia, Iman Rahayu, and Fitrilawati. "Conduction Properties of PTMSPMA-PEO and its Application as Polymer Electrolyte in LiFePO₄ Batteries." Materials Science Forum 827 (August 2015): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.827.125.

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The conduction properties of polymer composite PTMSPMA-PEO as electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries has been investigated. The gel polymer of PTMSPMA was synthesized by sol-gel method using 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)-propyl-methacrylate as monomer. The Composite of PTMSPMA-PEO with various composition (50:50, 60:40, 80:20; wt%) was made by solution method. The polymer electrolyte was composed of LiClO4salt dissolved in propylene carbonate and mixed with PTMSPMA-PEO. The ionic conduction of polymer electrolyte was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The battery performance of polymer electrolyte was estimated with coin cell, where LiFePO4was used as cathode and graphite was use as anode. The high ionic conductivity of 6.67 x10-3S/cm has been observed for the composition of PTMSPMA : PEO 60:40 (wt%) in room temperature. The performance of cell battery was investigated by charge-discharge using constant current 0,1 mA/cm2. The operational voltage of cell battery is around 1 V until 2.2 Volt with Columbic efficiency around 60%.

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Navarra, Maria, Lucia Lombardo, Pantaleone Bruni, Leonardo Morelli, Akiko Tsurumaki, Stefania Panero, and Fausto Croce. "Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on Silica-Added Poly(ethylene oxide) Electrospun Membranes for Lithium Batteries." Membranes 8, no. 4 (December 5, 2018): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes8040126.

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Solid polymer electrolytes, in the form of membranes, offering high chemical and mechanical stability, while maintaining good ionic conductivity, are envisaged as a possible solution to improve performances and safety in different lithium cell configurations. In this work, we designed and prepared systems formed using innovative nanocomposite polymer membranes, based on high molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and silica nanopowders, produced by the electrospinning technique. These membranes were subsequently gelled with solutions based on aprotic ionic liquid, carbonate solvents, and lithium salt. The addition of polysulfide species to the electrolyte solution was also considered, in view of potential applications in lithium-sulfur cells. The morphology of the electrospun pristine membranes was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Stability and thermal properties of pristine and gelled systems were investigated uisng differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to determine the conductivity of both swelling solutions and gelled membranes, allowing insight into the ion transport mechanism within the proposed composite electrolytes.

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SOTOMURA, Tadashi, Hiroshi UEMACHI, Yoshiko MIYAMOTO, Akiko KAMINAGA, and Noboru OYAMA. "Lithium Polymer Secondary Cell using Disulfide-Polyaniline Composite Cathode and Gel Electrolyte." Denki Kagaku oyobi Kogyo Butsuri Kagaku 61, no. 12 (December 5, 1993): 1366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5796/electrochemistry.61.1366.

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Hu, Lucy Yue. "Composite Cathode with Boroxine Ring Developed for All-Solid-Polymer Lithium Cell." MRS Bulletin 30, no. 1 (January 2005): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2005.18.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lithium polymer cell'

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