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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lithium polymer cell'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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1

Lin, Jian. "Novel Lithium Salt and Polymer Electrolytes for Polymer Lithium Batteries." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1215572988.

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2

Vickers, Stephen Lee. "Novel zinc and lithium non-aqueous batteries for low rate applications." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391236.

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3

Slivka, Ján. "Fotovoltaické články pro napájení nízkoodběrových elektronických zařízení." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220094.

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The aim of master’s thesis was to develop a method for long-term measuring the influence of temperature on photovoltaic cells and lithium-polymer batteries and to design such measuring system. System was assembled on universal printed circuit board. It consisted of circuits for measuring temperature, illuminance and charging circuit, which charged battery with capacity 110 mAh. The PV cell BSK-SP9261 was used as source. Voltages was recorded by data acquisition device NI-USB 6009 and loged in program developed in LabVIEW 2012 enviroment. Afterwards, temperature, illuminance, voltage on PV cell and internal resistance of battery were computed.
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4

Liu, Cheng. "In situ infrared study on interfacial electrochemistry in energy storage devices." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1598305190634383.

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5

Feng, Chenrun. "Physical and electrochemical investigation of various dinitrile plasticizers in highly conductive polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium ion battery application." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1495737492563488.

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6

Chen, Di. "Design and implementation of microcontroller-based direct methanol fuel cell/lithium polymer battery hybrid energy management system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12579.

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The Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) has been considered as one of the competitive alternatives for battery technology as it has much higher energy density, faster recharging and does not require complicated control systems like a fuel reformer or compressed gas tank as needed by a hydrogen fuel cell. However, current DMFC technology suffers from the low power density caused by low reaction rate and undesired “methanol crossover” issues, which brings a big challenge for its application in practical systems. This thesis presents a practical design and prototype development of a DMFC/battery hybrid energy management system, which can be provided as one possible solution for the low power and cold start issues. First of all the existing fuel cell hybrid system schemes and design of the auxiliary units (BOP) are surveyed and compared. Based on the analysis above a microcontroller-based DMFC and Lithium Polymer Battery hybrid system is proposed. After that a novel “Battery-Current-Based Hybrid Control (BCBHC)” is proposed to provide active load sharing and proper battery charging and protection. The DMFC will follow the average battery current by neglecting the battery current transients and charge the battery by following the Constant-Current and Constant Voltage charging scheme when possible. A variety of battery protections, such as overcharging, overcurrent and charging current limitation, are implemented by the BCBHC and protection circuit. A detailed system design and modeling are then presented. The models are developed and simulated in PSIM. The simulation results are analyzed and showed the validity of proposed hybrid control. At the end a prototype hybrid EMS controller board has been implemented to further validate the hybrid system design. The dynamic behavior of DMFC/Battery hybrid system is examined and tested under a series of load experiments. The measured results have proved the feasibility and stability of the designed hybrid control.
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7

Ludvigsson, Mikael. "Materials for future power sources." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Chemistry, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-498.

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells and lithium polymer batteries are important as future power sources in electronic devices, vehicles and stationary applications. The development of these power sources involves finding and characterising materials that are well suited r the application.

The materials investigated in this thesis are the perfluorosulphonic ionomer NafionTM (DuPont) and metal oxides incorporated into the membrane form of this material. The ionomer is used as polymer electrolyte in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and the metal oxides are used as cathode materials in lithium polymer batters (LPB).

Crystallinity in cast Nafion films can be introduced by ion beam exposure or aging. Spectroscopic investigations of the crystallinity of the ionomer indicate that the crystalline regions contain less water than amorphous regions and this could in part explain the drying out of the polymer electrolyte membrane in a PEMFC.

Spectroscopic results on the equilibrated water uptake and the state of water in thin cast ionomer films indicate that there is a full proton transfer from the sulphonic acid group in the ionomer when there is one water molecule per sulphonate group.

The LPB cathode materials, lithium manganese oxide and lithium cobalt oxide, were incorporated in situ in Nafion membranes. Other manganese oxides and cobalt oxides were incorporated in situ inside the membrane. Ion-exchange experiments from HcoO2 to LiCoO2 within the membrane were also successful.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for the characterisation of the incorporated species and the Nafion film/membrane.

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8

Picart, Sébastien. "Fonctionnalisation de la polyaniline par des composés soufrés électroactifs en vue de son utilisation en batteries au lithium." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10236.

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Ce travail se situe dans le cadre de l'application des polymeres conducteurs electroniques (pce) aux batteries rechargeables. L'objectif a ete d'associer deux partenaires aux proprietes electrochimiques complementaires: un pce, la polyaniline, connue pour sa bonne tenue a la charge permanente, une autodecharge faible et une cyclabilite elevee en batterie, et un systeme electroactif base sur le couple redox disulfure/dithiolate qui presente une forte densite d'energie massique. Trois voies ont ete successivement explorees: - la preparation d'une polyaniline substituee sur le cycle par un groupement thiol. L'homopolymere n'a pu etre synthetise simplement car la forme oxydee radicalaire de la dithiodianiline s'adsorbe a la surface des electrodes ou se suroxyde. Nous avons plutot prepare un copolymere aniline-dithiodianiline par voie chimique. Malheureusement, le copoly(aniline-dithiodianiline) n'est pas conducteur et les proprietes electrochimiques des 2 partenaires ne sont ni additives, ni compatibles. - le melange en composite moleculaire pani-polydimercaptothiadiazole (polydmct): ce polydisulfure constitue une electrode reversiblement electropolymerisable qui possede une remarquable densite coulombique massique mais une mauvaise cyclabilite liee a la diffusion des especes thiolates dans l'electrolyte et passivation du metal dans les batteries lithium. Nous avons pu determine la composition optimale de chaque constituant a partir de tests en batteries lithium. La capacite maximale atteinte est 117 ah/kg sous 1 ma cm-2 mais la mauvaise cyclabilite electrochimique du polydmct n'a pas ete resolue. - la fonctionnalisation d'une polyaniline sur l'azote par un groupement carbodithioate: l'action du disulfure de carbone sur une solution de pani sous forme leucoemeraldine permet de greffer environ 80% des azotes en conservant une bonne conductivite (1 s. Cm-1). Le materiau obtenu presente une capacite d'echange accrue de 68% par rapport a la pani de depart. C'est pourquoi ce nouveau polymere utilise comme cathode dans les batteries au lithium devrait donner des resultats interessants
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9

Neri, Marco. "Modélisation électrothermique des accumulateurs au lithium à électrolyte solide polymère." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0220.

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L'objectif de cette etude est de developper une serie de modeles permettant de determiner le comportement electrochimique et thermique des accumulateurs au lithium a electrolyte solide polymere. Les phenomenes electrochimiques sont dans un premier temps abordes de facon macroscopiques (valeurs moyennes), puis les modeles sont ensuite affines grace en particulier a l'utilisation de produits de convolution pour representer le transport des especes. Cette approche va nous permettre d'une part de developper un modele tres souple et modulaire et d'autre part d'etudier des profils de decharge complexes. Une methode nodale, en deux puis trois dimensions, est utilisee pour representer les phenomenes thermiques, les seules sources de chaleurs considerees etant celles developpees par effet joule. Apres une premiere partie bibliographique, les methodes et le developpement mathematique des modeles sont decrits, puis en partie valides par confrontation avec des resultats experimentaux. Finalement, on applique, dans le cadre du projet vehicule electrique d'e. D. F. , l'ensemble de ces resultats a une batterie modulaire de 20 kwh
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10

Géniès, Sylvie. "Étude de la passivation de l'électrode carbone-lithium." Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0008.

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Le phenomene de la passivation de l'electrode carbone-lithium utilisee comme pole negatif dans la batterie lithium-ion est d'une importance cruciale dans les caracteristiques du fonctionnement de cette electrode. Il en fixe la capacite reversible (ou utile), la duree de vie et le taux d'autodecharge. Ce travail est une contribution a la comprehension des processus chimiques et electrochimiques survenant a la surface de l'electrode au cours de l'echange du lithium avec une solution electrolytique a base d'un ou plusieurs solvant(s) organique(s) et d'un sel de lithium et conduisant a la formation d'un film de passivation. Apres une presentation bibliographique qui situe l'etude dans son contexte national et international, le travail experimental s'adresse dans un premier temps au role des parametres qui influent sur le processus de passivation tels que la nature de l'anion du sel de lithium et celle du materiau carbone ainsi que la composition de l'electrolyte. La caracterisation de ce film obtenu par des methodes chimiques ou electrochimiques utilise une large gamme de techniques : drx, meb, met, microscopie a champ proche (afm), ir-tf, rmn, esca, atg et dsc. Les techniques electrochimiques sont aussi variees : chronoamperometrie, chronopotentiometrie, impedance complexe et voltamperometrie cyclique. Les resultats obtenus sont pour la plupart originaux. Ainsi, les analyses de la composition chimique du film par esca et par ir-tf sont non seulement completes et nouvelles mais mettent en evidence pour la premiere fois le caractere polymere du film. Ce resultat devrait avoir des repercutions importantes sur l'elaboration ex situ du film pour une etude plus approfondie. L'observation du film forme sur un graphite hautement oriente par afm a permis d'obtenir les images les plus precises et les plus claires jamais publiees. L'etude electrochimique est completee par une synthese chimique du film par une methode originale. L'utilisation de ce film comme electrolyte de type plastifie a ete demontree.
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11

Mellgren, Niklas. "Validated Modelling of Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Mechanics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11052.

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This thesis aims at formulating and validating models for electrochemical energy storage devices. More specifically, the devices under consideration are lithium ion batteries and polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

A model is formulated to describe an experimental cell setup consisting of a LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 composite porous electrode with three porous separators and a reference electrode between a current collector and a pure Li planar electrode. The purpose of the study being the identification of possible degradation mechanisms in the cell, the model contains contact resistances between the electronic conductor and the intercalation particles of the porous electrode and between the current collector and the porous electrode. On the basis of this model formulation, an analytical solution is derived for the impedances between each pair of electrodes in the cell. The impedance formulation is used to analyse experimental data obtained for fresh and aged LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 composite porous electrodes. Ageing scenarios are formulated based on experimental observations and related published electrochemical and material characterisation studies. A hybrid genetic optimisation technique is used to simultaneously fit the model to the impedance spectra of the fresh, and subsequently also to the aged, electrode at three states of charge. The parameter fitting results in good representations of the experimental impedance spectra by the fitted ones, with the fitted parameter values comparing well to literature values and supporting the assumed ageing scenario.

Furthermore, a steady state model for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is studied under idealised conditions. The cell is assumed to be fed with reactant gases at sufficiently high stoichiometric rates to ensure uniform conditions everywhere in the flow fields such that only the physical phenomena in the porous backings, the porous electrodes and the polymer electrolyte membrane need to be considered. Emphasis is put on how spatially resolved porous electrodes and nonequilibrium water transport across the interface between the gas phase and the ionic conductor affect the model results for the performance of the cell. The future use of the model in higher dimensions and necessary steps towards its validation are briefly discussed.

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12

Best, Adam Samuel 1976. "Lithium-ion conducting electrolytes for use in lithium battery applications." Monash University, School of Physics and Materials Engineering, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9240.

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13

Leclere, Mélody. "Synthèse de (poly)électrolytes pour accumulateur Li-ion à haute densité d'énergie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI001/document.

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Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur le développement nouveaux électrolytes sans recours aux solvants conventionnels inflammables afin de répondre à la problématique de sécurité des batteries. La première partie de ce travail vise à développer des électrolytes gélifiés à partir de liquide ionique phosphonium. Une étude est réalisée sur la compatibilité entre l'électrolyte et le polymère hôte époxy/amine ainsi que de l'influence du LI sur la polymérisation du réseau. Les propriétés thermiques, viscoélastiques et de transport ionique des gels sont discutées. Parmi les électrolytes gélifiés obtenus, le gel contenant l'électrolyte (1 M LiTFSI + LI [P66614][TFSI]) a montré des propriétés électrochimiques intéressantes. Un système gélifié Li|LFP a été mis en œuvre et une bonne stabilité en cyclage à 100 °C a été obtenue. La deuxième partie de ce travail consiste au développement de nouveaux électrolytes mésomorphes favorisant un transport d’ions lithium par saut. Un composé anionique a été synthétisé à partir d’une réaction époxy/amine entre le 4-amino-1-naphtalènesulfonate de lithium et un diglycidylether aliphatique. Différentes techniques de caractérisation ont été utilisées afin d’établir un lien structure/propriétés. Les résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence une organisation supramoléculaire lamellaire permettant d’obtenir des canaux de conduction d’ions lithium. Les mesures de transport ionique ont permis de mettre en évidence un transport d'ions lithium suivant une loi d'Arrhenius (indépendant du squelette moléculaire) ce qui est la preuve d'un mécanisme de transport d'ions lithium par saut. Les premiers tests électrochimiques ont révélé une bonne stabilité de ces électrolytes vis à vis du lithium et un transport d’ions lithium réversible dans une cellule symétrique Li|Li. A l'issue de ces travaux, les perspectives sont discutées afin d'améliorer les performances de ces électrolytes
The thesis work presented in this manuscript focuses on the development of new electrolytes without the use of flammable conventional solvents to improve the security problem batteries. The first part of this work is the preparation of gelled electrolytes from phosphonium ionic liquid. A study is performed on the compatibility between the electrolyte and the polymer host epoxy / amine as well as the influence of the polymerization LI on the network. The thermal properties, and ionic transport viscoelastic gels are discussed. Among the obtained gelled electrolyte, the gel containing the electrolyte (1 M LiTFSI + LI [P66614] [TFSI]) showed interesting electrochemical properties. A gelled system Li | LFP has been implemented and good cycling stability at 100 ° C was obtained. The second part of this work is the development of new liquid crystal electrolytes promotes transport of lithium ions with hopping mechanism. An anionic compound was synthesized from reaction of an epoxy / amine from lithium 4-amino-1-naphthalenesulfonate and an aliphatic diglycidyl ether. Various characterization technical were used to establish a link structure / properties. The results allowed to show a lamellar supramolecular organization to obtain lithium ion conduction channels. The ion transport measurement helped to highlight a transport of lithium ions following an Arrhenius law (independent of the molecular backbone) which is evidence of a transport mechanism of lithium ions with hopping mechanism. The first electrochemical tests showed good stability of these electrolytes with lithium electrode and a reversible lithium ion transport in a symmetrical cell Li | Li. Following this work, the prospects are discussed to improve the performance of these electrolytes
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14

Gilmour, Robin A. A. "The synthesis, characterisation and application of conjugated imine conducting ladder polymers in rechargeable lithium cells." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266739.

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15

Lee, Sang Ho. "Phenolic resin/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) hybrid nanocomposites and advanced composites for use as anode materials in lithium ion batteries." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-09242007-092626.

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16

Morizur, Vincent. "Fonctionnalisation de polymères et applications dans les domaines de l’énergie, de la catalyse, de la cosmétique et de la santé." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4102.

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Les polymères sont à l’heure actuelle étudiés dans de nombreux domaines comme la chimie, la biochimie, les nanotechnologies, l'électronique, la médecine ou encore les sciences des matériaux et trouvent des applications dans des domaines comme l’industrie automobile, la chimie fine. L’objectif de cette thèse est de réaliser la fonctionnalisation de polymères et de modifier les propriétés de ces matériaux afin d’envisager des nouvelles applications. Nous nous sommes intéressés à des polymères de la famille des poly(aryle éther) et plus particulièrement au poly(éther éther cétone) (PEEK). Ce polymère est connu pour ses propriétés mécaniques, thermiques, électriques ou encore pour sa résistance aux produits chimiques. Dans le premier chapitre, il est question de la fonctionnalisation des différents polymères de départ par des fonctions chlorures de sulfonyle, acides sulfoniques et sulfonamides. Le second chapitre est consacré à la synthèse et à l’étude électrochimique de nouveaux électrolytes polymériques et à de nouvelles membranes pour d’éventuelles applications dans le domaine des batteries au lithium et au sodium, ainsi que dans le domaine des piles à combustible. Dans un troisième chapitre, la préparation de nouveaux catalyseurs métalliques dérivés d’acides sulfoniques polymériques est discutée. Une étude de l’activité catalytique de ces différents catalyseurs a été réalisée sur la réaction d’acylation de Friedel-Crafts. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à la préparation de nouveaux matériaux ayant des propriétés optiques intéressantes. Enfin dans un cinquième chapitre, la préparation et l’étude de nouveaux matériaux ayant des propriétés antibactériennes sont exposées
Polymers are now being studied in many fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, nanotechnology, electronics, medicine or material science and have applications in areas such as automotive industry, food industry, fine chemistry. The objective of this thesis is to achieve the functionalization of polymers and modify the properties of these materials in order to consider new applications. We were interested in polymers with the poly(aryl ether) motif, more particularly poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK). This polymer is known for its mechanical, thermal, electrical properties and for its resistance to chemicals. In the first chapter, we present the functionalization of different polymers by sulfonyl chloride, sulfonic acid and sulfonamide functions. The second chapter is devoted to the synthesis and electrochemical study of novel polymeric electrolytes and new membranes for potential applications in the field of lithium and sodium batteries, as well as in the field of fuel cells. In the third chapter, the preparation of new metal catalysts derived from polymeric sulfonic acids is discussed. A study of the catalytic activity of these different polymeric catalysts was carried out on the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. The fourth chapter is devoted to the preparation of new materials with interesting optical properties. Finally, in the fifth chapter, the preparation and the study of new materials with antibacterial properties are reported
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17

Nagpure, Suraj R. "SYNTHESIS OF TITANIA THIN FILMS WITH CONTROLLED MESOPORE ORIENTATION: NANOSTRUCTURE FOR ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/67.

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This dissertation addresses the synthesis mechanism of mesoporous titania thin films with 2D Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP) cylindrical nanopores by an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) method with Pluronic surfactants P123 and F127 as structure directing agents, and their applications in photovoltaics and lithium ion batteries. To provide orthogonal alignment of the pores, surface modification of substrates with crosslinked surfactant has been used to provide a chemically neutral surface. GISAXS studies show not only that aging at 4°C facilitates ordered mesostructure development, but also that aging at this temperature helps to provide orthogonal orientation of the cylindrical micelles which assemble into an ordered mesophase directly by a disorder-order transition. These films provide pores with 8-9 nm diameter, which is precisely the structure expected to provide short carrier diffusion length and high hole conductivity required for efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells. In addition, anatase titania is a n-type semiconductor with a band gap of +3.2 eV. Therefore, titania readily absorbs UV light with a wavelength below 387 nm. Because of this, these titania films can be used as window layers with a p-type semiconductor incorporated into the pores and at the top surface of the device to synthesize a photovoltaic cell. The pores provide opportunities to increase the surface area for contact between the two semiconductors, to align a p-type semiconductor at the junction, and to induce quantum confinement effects. These titania films with hexagonal phase are infiltrated with a hole conducting polymer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), in order to create a p-n junctions for organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells, by spin coating followed by thermal annealing. This assembly is hypothesized to give better photovoltaic performance compared to disordered or bicontinuous cubic nanopore arrangements; confinement in cylindrical nanopores is expected to provide isolated, regioregular “wires” of conjugated polymers with tunable optoelectronic properties, such as improved hole conductivity over that in bicontinuous cubic structure. The kinetics of infiltration into the pores show that maximum infiltration occurs within less than one hour in these films, and give materials with improved photovoltaic performance relative to planar TiO2/P3HT assemblies. These oriented mesoporous titania films are also used to develop an inorganic solar cell by depositing CdTe at the top using the Close Spaced Sublimation (CSS) technique. A power conversion efficiency of 5.53% is measured for heterostructures built using mesoporous titania films, which is significantly enhanced relative to planar TiO2/CdTe devices and prior reports in the literature. These mesoporous titania films have a great potential in inorganic solar cell development and can potentially replace CdS window layers which are conventionally used in inorganic CdS-CdTe solar cells. The last part of the dissertation addresses layer-by-layer synthesis to increase the thickness of mesoporous titania films with vertically oriented 2D-HCP nanopores, and their use in lithium ion batteries as negative electrodes because of advantages such as good cycling stability, small volume expansion (~3%) during intercalation/extraction and high discharge voltage plateau. The high surface area and small wall thickness of these titania films provide excellent lithium ion insertion and reduced Li-ion diffusion length, resulting in stable capacities as high as 200-250 mAh/g over 200 cycles.
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18

Yong-YiLin and 林永溢. "Polymer/Inorganic Nanoparticle Composites with Asymmetric Trilayer Configuration as Functional Electrolyte Membrane for Full-cell Lithium Ion Battery." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51504717528638951084.

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碩士
國立成功大學
化學工程學系
104
Asymmetric trilayer membrane shall be first used in full cell lithium ion battery. By choosing the ceramic fillers of electrospinning solution during layer-by-layer deposition, acidic/basic property can be functionalized in individual layer. The transition from coordination complexes to free lithium ions is expected on the surface of SiO2 nanoparticles. On the other side, anions accumulated on the surface of nanoparticle can provide an efficient pathway for lithium ions. The pivotal concept of zeta potential difference for polarization behavior is stressed in the electrolyte and it is different from the case in conventional nanocomposite membrane. It is observed that the performance of electrolyte membranes has no direct relation with their ionic conductivity. Poly(acrylonitrile) based electrolyte membrane with asymmetric trilayer configuration can exhibit 1.60 mS cm−1 at 30 oC. It provides a capacity of 110 mAh g−1 at 5 C-rate and retain 87% initial capacity after 500 cycles. The rate capability of the battery is comparable to that assembled with commercial trilayer membrane. It can sustain at 0.5 mA cm−2 without internal short circuit during 270 h lithium stripping-plating process. With modern electrospray or electrospinning process, the unique configuration applications of this technology include full cell lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors and other battery systems made up of asymmetric electrode configuration.
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19

Ward, Ian M., J. J. Kaschmitter, Glen P. Thompson, Simon C. Wellings, H. V. St A. Hubbard, and H. P. Wang. "Separator-free rechargeable lithium ion cells produced by the extrusion lamination of polymer gel electrolytes." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3332.

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No
Polymer gel electrolytes (PGE) based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), lithium salts and appropriate solvent systems, developed at Leeds University, have been shown to form tough rigid films with conductivities approaching 10¿2 S cm¿1. A continuous process has now been developed for the construction of rechargeable lithium cells by extruding the PGE as a melt and directly laminating between the anode and cathode electrodes. On cooling, the solid PGE acts as electrolyte and separator and binds the cell laminate together from within requiring no external case. This process has been successfully applied for the fabrication of cells with electrodes developed by SpectraPower Inc. in a commercial process enabling cell laminates with PGE thickness less than 0.1 mm and with energy densities approaching 170 Wh kg¿1. A prototype manufacturing facility has been set up to produce rechargeable cells of high specific capacity and high energy density. Future developments will enable rechargeable lithium ion cells to be produced on a continuous process as flat sheets opening the way for novel battery geometries.
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20

Sloop, Steven E. "Synthesis and characterization of polymer electrolytes and related nanocomposites." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34609.

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21

Sanghi, Shilpi. "Ion mobility studies of functional polymeric materials for fuel cells and lithium ion batteries." 2011. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3482662.

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The research presented in this thesis focuses on developing new functional polymeric materials that can conduct ions, H+, or OH - or Li+. The motivation behind this work was to understand the similarities and/or differences in the structure property relationships between polymer membranes and the conductivity of H+ and OH - ions, and between polymer membranes and the anhydrous conductivity of H+ and Li+ ions. This understanding is critical to developing durable polymer membranes with high H+, OH - and Li+ ion conductivity for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AAEMFCs) and lithium ion batteries respectively. Chapter 1 describes the basic functioning of PEMFCs, AAEMFCs and lithium ion batteries, the challenges associated with each research topic, and the fundamental mechanisms of ion transport. The proton conducting properties of poly(4-vinyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole) were investigated on a macroscopic scale by impedance spectroscopy and microscopic scale by solid state MAS NMR. It was found that proton conductivity is independent of molecular weight of the polymer, but influenced by orders of magnitude by the presence of residual dimethylformamide. To improve the mechanical properties of otherwise liquid-like 1H-1,2,3-triazole functionalized polysiloxane homopolymers, hybrid inorganic-organic proton exchange membranes (PEMs) containing 1H-1,2,3-triazole grafted alkoxy silanes were synthesized, using sol-gel chemistry. This method enabled self-supporting membranes having proton conductivity comparable to uncrosslinked homopolymers. One of the biggest challenges with AEMs for use in AAEMFCs is finding a cationic polyelectrolyte that is chemically stable at elevated temperatures in high pH environment. Novel triazolium ionic salts were developed, having greater chemical stability under alkaline conditions compared to existing imidazolium ionic salts. However, the chemical stability of triazolium cations was not sufficient for AAEMFC applications. Excellent chemical stability of (C5H5)2Co+ in 2 M NaOH at 80°C over 30 days was demonstrated and polymerizable vinyl functionalized cobaltocenium monomers were synthesized. This work paves the way for future development of AEMs containing cobaltocenium moieties to facilitate hydroxide ion transport. Polymers containing covalently attached cyclic carbonates were synthesized and doped with lithium triflate and their lithium ion conductivities were investigated. The findings highlight the importance of high charge carrier density and flexibility of the polymer matrix to achieve high lithium ion conductivity. These results are similar to the key factors influencing anhydrous proton transport.
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22

Li, Hsieh Yu, and 李協昱. "Preparation of Polymeric Electrospun Fibers and Their Applications for Fuel Cells and Lithium-Ion Batteries." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07792712468199242062.

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博士
國立清華大學
化學工程學系
103
This research focuses on the preparation and surface modification of electrospun nanofibers and their application in the proton exchange membranes for fuel cells and the porous separators for lithium-ion batteries. In the first part, polybenzimidazole (PBI) is electrospun into nanofiber mats with a polybenzoxazine as a crosslinking agent. The thermally crosslinked PBI electrospun nanofiber mats (CR-PBI-NF) are impregnated with PBI solutions to result in CR-PBI-NF reinforced PBI composite membranes. Based on the crosslinked structures, the nanofiber morphology could be maintained in the PBI composite membranes, so as to enhance their mechanical strength with a Young’s modulus of about 2200 MPa and stress strength of 85 MPa, which is 3.0-fold and 1.35-fold of the values recorded with the neat PBI membrane. The composite membranes also exhibit good dimensional stability upon acid-doping with dimensional changes less than 20%. The nanofibers also provide as proton-conducting pathways in the composite membranes so as to increase their proton conductivity from 0.85 to 0.17 S cm-1 at160 oC. As a result, the single cell employing the composite membranes shows better cell performance than the results observed with the pristine PBI membrane. The nanofiber-reinforcement approach is further applied to Nafion-based membranes with surface-modified poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun nanofibers (PVDFNF) as the reinforcements. Both Nafion and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) chains are chemically incorporated to the PVDFNF surfaces to improve the interfacial compatibility between the nanofiobers and Nafion matrix and to induce proton-conducting channels along the nanofiber surfaces in the composite membranes. With the formation of proton-conducting pathways, the Nafion composite membranes exhibit low activation energy of proton conduction (about 2.4-3.0 kJ mol-1), high proton conductivity (about 106 mS cm-1), and depressed methanol permeability compared to the neat Nafion membrane. Consequently, the Nafion composite membrane based H2/O2 single cells show a maximum power density of 770 mW cm-2, which is 1.5-fold of the value recorded with the commercial Nafion 212 membrane. Meanwhile, the low methanol permeability of Nafion-based composite membranes makes it be suitable for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). With a 5 M methanol solution as a feeding fuel, the single cell shows a maximum power density of 122 mW cm-2 and a current density at 0.2 V of 610 mA cm-2. The other part of this work involves the preparation of electrospun nanofiber mats of a mainchain polybenzoxazine (PBz, number averaged molecular weight: about 6,700 g mol-1) prepared with 4,4’-diaminodophenyl ether, bisphenol-A, and paraformaldehyde. The thermally crosslinked electrospun PBz nanofiber mats (CR-PBz-FbM) show some attractive properties, including hydrophobic surface with a water contact angle of about 147o, water-pinning durability, blood and protein repellency, shape-reforming ability, and robust mechanical and chemical resistance. The CR-PBz-FbM (thickness of about 80 μm, porosity of 76 %, and mean pore size of 4.0 μm) has been evaluated as a separator for lithium-ion batteries. They exhibit an very high electrolyte uptake (about 825 %), high ionic conductivity (2.92 mS cm-1), and a near-zero thermal shrinkage at 150 oC for 0.5 h. As a result, the performance of the half-cell tests on the CR-PBz-FbM-based lithium-ion battery demonstrate a high energy density of 118 mAh g-1 at 2.0 C is and good cycling stability after 50 charge-discharge cycles at 0.2 C.
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