Journal articles: 'Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)'

1

Werner, Denis, Urs Alexander Peuker, and Thomas Mütze. "Recycling Chain for Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries." Metals 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030316.

Full text

Abstract:

The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is becoming increasingly important with regard to environmental, economic, geostrategic, and health aspects due to the increasing amount of LIB produced, introduced into the market, and being spent in the following years. The recycling itself becomes a challenge to face on one hand the special aspects of LIB-technology and on the other hand to reply to the idea of circular economy. In this paper, we analyze the different recycling concepts for spent LIBs and categorize them according to state-of-the-art schemes of waste treatment technology. Therefore, we structure the different processes into process stages and unit processes. Several recycling technologies are treating spent lithium-ion batteries worldwide focusing on one or several process stages or unit processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Aydemir, M., A. Müller, A. Glodde, and G. Seliger. "Greifsystem für die z-faltende Herstellung des Elektrode-Separator-Verbunds einer Batteriezelle*/Gripping system for assembling the z-folded electrode-separator-composite." wt Werkstattstechnik online 108, no. 06 (2018): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2018-06-23.

Full text

Abstract:

Lithium-Ionen Batterien (LIB) sind Schlüsselelemente der Elektromobilität und ein Hauptkostenfaktor für Elektrofahrzeuge. Mit einem steigenden Bedarf werden kostengünstige LIB zu einem Erfolgsfaktor der Elektromobilität. Vorgestellt wird ein flexibles Greifsystem für einen neuartigen Montageprozess zur produktivitätsgesteigerten Herstellung eines z-gefalteten Elektrode-Separator-Verbundes (ESV) einer LIB, bei dem der Separator als endloses Bandmaterial eine konstant hohe Vorschubgeschwindigkeit aufweist.   Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are key components of electromobility and a major cost factor of electric vehicles. With a rising demand, affordable LIB become a success-factor for electromobility. A flexible gripping system for productivity increased assembling the z-folded electrode-separator-composite featuring a continuous separator feeding-speed is presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Shchurov, Nickolay I., Sergey I. Dedov, Boris V. Malozyomov, Alexander A. Shtang, Nikita V. Martyushev, Roman V. Klyuev, and Sergey N. Andriashin. "Degradation of Lithium-Ion Batteries in an Electric Transport Complex." Energies 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 8072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14238072.

Full text

Abstract:

The article provides an overview and comparative analysis of various types of batteries, including the most modern type—lithium-ion batteries. Currently, lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are widely used in electrical complexes and systems, including as a traction battery for electric vehicles. Increasing the service life of the storage devices used today is an important scientific and technical problem due to their rapid wear and tear and high cost. This article discusses the main approaches and methods for researching the LIB resource. First of all, a detailed analysis of the causes of degradation was carried out and the processes occurring in lithium-ion batteries during charging, discharging, resting and difficult operating conditions were established. Then, the main factors influencing the service life are determined: charging and discharging currents, self-discharge current, temperature, number of cycles, discharge depth, operating range of charge level, etc. when simulating a real motion process. The work considers the battery management systems (BMS) that take into account and compensate for the influence of the factors considered. In the conclusion, the positive and negative characteristics of the presented methods of scientific research of the residual life of LIB are given and recommendations are given for the choice of practical solutions to engineers and designers of batteries. The work also analyzed various operating cycles of electric transport, including heavy forced modes, extreme operating modes (when the amount of discharge and discharge of batteries is greater than the nominal value) and their effect on the degradation of lithium-ion batteries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hussein K. Amusa, Ahmad S. Darwish, Tarek Lemaoui, Hassan A. Arafat, and Inas M. Nashef. "LITHIUM EXTRACTION FROM SPENT LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES WITH GREEN SOLVENTS: COSMO-RS MODELING." JOURNAL OF THE NIGERIAN SOCIETY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 37, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51975/22370303.som.

Full text

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) wide usage constitutes a disposal threat to the environment. As a result, several laws are being introduced to encourage the recycling of this waste, particularly, in lithium recovery. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been reported as an efficient solvent in valuable metal recovery from spent LIB. However, efficient deep eutectic solvent design requires a smart selection of components. This study developed a COSMO-RS model to screen several components as DES starting material in lithium extraction from spent LIB. The model consists of 188 different constituents. The model is developed using the cosmo therm software in the LIB application for the first time. The model uses lithium chemical potential to measure the affinity of lithium in the screened components. Overall, all the compounds show an affinity for lithium. The components are classified into ionic and non-ionic. The ionic compounds performed better than the non-ionic compounds. This is due to the coordinating ability of the ionic compounds’ cations with lithium. Further, this study highlights other properties such as reducibility, toxicity, and viscosity as screening strategies in DES component selection for lithium extraction. This is to implement the full green chemistry principle essential for industrial application. Keywords: Lithium-ion battery; Lithium; green technology; Deep eutectic solvents; COSMO-RS.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Sibatov, Renat T., Vyacheslav V. Svetukhin, Evgeny P. Kitsyuk, and Alexander A. Pavlov. "Fractional Differential Generalization of the Single Particle Model of a Lithium-Ion Cell." Electronics 8, no. 6 (June 9, 2019): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8060650.

Full text

Abstract:

The effect of anomalous diffusion of lithium on the discharge curves and impedance spectra of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is studied within the fractional differential generalization of the single-particle model. The distribution of lithium ions in electrolyte and electrode particles is expressed through the Mittag–Leffler function and the Lévy stable density. Using the new model, we generalize the equivalent circuit of LIB. The slope of the low-frequency rectilinear part of the Nyquist diagram does not always unambiguously determine the subdiffusion index and can be either larger or smaller than the slope corresponding to normal diffusion. The new aspect of capacity degradation related to a change in the type of ion diffusion in LIB components is discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Pan, Haipeng, Chengte Chen, and Minming Gu. "A State of Health Estimation Method for Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Improved Particle Filter Considering Capacity Regeneration." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 15, 2021): 5000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165000.

Full text

Abstract:

Accurately estimating the state of health (SOH) of a lithium-ion battery is significant for electronic devices. To solve the nonlinear degradation problem of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) caused by capacity regeneration, this paper proposes a new LIB degradation model and improved particle filter algorithm for LIB SOH estimation. Firstly, the degradation process of LIB is divided into the normal degradation stage and the capacity regeneration stage. A multi-stage prediction model (MPM) based on the calendar time of the LIB is proposed. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm is embedded into the standard particle filter to increase the diversity of particles and improve prediction accuracy. Finally, the method is verified with the LIB dataset provided by the NASA Ames Prognostics Center of Excellence. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively improve the accuracy of capacity prediction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Lv, Weiming, Jing Zhao, Fusheng Wen, Jianyong Xiang, Lei Li, Limin Wang, Zhongyuan Liu, and Yongjun Tian. "Carbonaceous photonic crystals as ultralong cycling anodes for lithium and sodium batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 26 (2015): 13786–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02873f.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Vedachalam, Narayanaswamy, and Gidugu Ananda Ramadass. "Realizing Reliable Lithium-Ion Batteries for Critical Remote-Located Offshore Systems." Marine Technology Society Journal 50, no. 6 (November 1, 2016): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.50.6.2.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractOn-demand reliability is the key requirement for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used for powering time-critical remote-located offshore systems. Based on the reported lithium-ion (li-ion) cell failure model, failure rate and on-demand reliability of a li-ion cell are computed for a range of charge-discharge cycles and maintenance intervals. The results are extended to compute the on-demand reliability of LIB of industry-standard voltage ratings. Results indicate that, with present technical maturity, an LIB with 24V output, 500 annual charge-discharge cycles, and with 6 months of maintenance intervals requires three and six parallel groupings for achieving IEC 61508 Safety Integrity Level 4 under low- and high-demand scenarios, respectively. The results presented could be directly extended to determine the on-demand reliability for LIBs with higher capacities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Selis, Luis A., and Jorge M. Seminario. "Dendrite formation in silicon anodes of lithium-ion batteries." RSC Advances 8, no. 10 (2018): 5255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12690e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Xu, Han, Jun Zong, Fei Ding, Zhi-wei Lu, Wei Li, and Xing-jiang Liu. "Effects of Fe2+ ion doping on LiMnPO4 nanomaterial for lithium ion batteries." RSC Advances 6, no. 32 (2016): 27164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra02977a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wang, Haibin, Lei Pan, Chaolumen Wu, Dacheng Gao, Shengyang Chen, and Lei Li. "Pyrogallic acid coated polypropylene membranes as separators for lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 41 (2015): 20535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06381g.

Full text

Abstract:

Pyrogallic acid (PA) coated polypropylene (PP) separators for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are developed. The PA coating makes the PP surfaces hydrophilic and thus improves LIB performance including specific capacity, cycling stability and power capability compared to the original PP separators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Fernandez, Nikolas Krisma Hadi, and Farid Triawan. "TEKNOLOGI SEPARATOR PADA BATERAI LI-ION: MATERIAL, TEKNIK FABRIKASI, DAN UJI PERFORMA." Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin 24, no. 1 (January 19, 2023): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/mesin.v24i1.20029.

Full text

Abstract:

The trend of using electric vehicles is increasing. With the increasing use of electric vehicles, it is necessary to master the key technologies used by electric vehicles, one of which is batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries (LiB). There are many important components in the LiB, one of which is a separator that serves to block short circuits between the anode and cathode of the battery while providing a way for ion exchange to continue. This article summarizes important information related to battery separator technology. The information includes the materials that have been used in commercial products and those of under research and development. In addition, the method of fabricating the separator using conventional methods and 3D printing is discussed. Finally, this article also discusses how several studies perform performance tests on separator materials. Keywords: battery separator, fabrication, materials, performance test, lithium-ion battery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

von Boeselager, Christina, Alexander Müller, Johanna Helm, Julian Brodhun, Arne Glodde, Alexander Olowinsky, Ruben Leithoff, et al. "Durchsatzgesteigerte Batteriezellproduktion/A novel high-throuput process for the production of lithium ion battery cells." wt Werkstattstechnik online 110, no. 09 (2020): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2020-09-15.

Full text

Abstract:

Lithium-Ionen-Batteriezellen (LIB) erfahren eine steigende Nachfrage, vor allem in der Automobilindustrie. Um diese Nachfrage zu decken, müssen hoch produktive und kosteneffiziente Verfahren in der Batteriezellproduktion zur Verfügung stehen. In diesem Beitrag werden die Entwicklung und die Verkettung neuer Prozesse für die Batteriezellproduktion vorgestellt. Die entwickelten Prozesse steigern die Produktivität bei gleichzeitiger Senkung der Produktionskosten.   The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) increases, especially in terms of automotive applications. To cover the high demand and to meet cost requirements, cost-efficient and highly productive processes need to be developed for lithium-ion battery production. This article presents a new process chain with novel continuous and efficiently linked processes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Madani, Seyed Saeed, Erik Schaltz, Søren Knudsen Kær, and Carlos Ziebert. "A comprehensive heat generation study of lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion batteries." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2382, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2382/1/012004.

Full text

Abstract:

A precise interpretation of lithium-ion battery (LIB) heat generation is indispensable to the advancement and accomplishment of thermal management systems for different applications of LIB, including electric vehicles. The internal resistance of a lithium titanate oxide (LTO)-based LIB was determined at different state of charge (SOC) levels and current rates to understand the relationship between internal resistance and heat generation. Random and different pulse discharge current step durations were applied to consider the effect of different SOC interval levels on heat generation. The total generated heat was measured for different discharge rates and operating temperatures in a Netzsch IBC 284 calorimeter. It was seen that a 6.7% SOC decrease at high SOC levels corresponds to 0.377 Wh, 0.728 Wh, and 1.002 Wh heat generation for 26A, 52A, and 78A step discharge, both at 20 °C and 30 °C. However, a 1.85% SOC decrease at medium SOC levels corresponds already to 0.57 Wh, 0.76 Wh, and 0.62 Wh heat generation. It can be inferred that the impact of SOC level on heat generation for this cell is more prominent at a lower than at a higher SOC.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Gauvin, Raynald, Karim Zaghib, Nicolas Brodusch, Maryam Golozar, and Nicolas Dumaresq. "In-Situ Characterization of Lithium Ion Batteries in the SEM." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 7 (October 9, 2022): 2433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0272433mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper will present state of the art characterization of Lithium Ion Batteries usimg low voltage EELS and EDS of Li using the SU-9000 STEM from Hitachi working at 30 keV and 3 keV. Extensive in-situ work in SEM of LIB made with Li anodes will also be presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Spitthoff, Lena, Paul R. Shearing, and Odne Stokke Burheim. "Temperature, Ageing and Thermal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energies 14, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051248.

Full text

Abstract:

Heat generation and therefore thermal transport plays a critical role in ensuring performance, ageing and safety for lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Increased battery temperature is the most important ageing accelerator. Understanding and managing temperature and ageing for batteries in operation is thus a multiscale challenge, ranging from the micro/nanoscale within the single material layers to large, integrated LIB packs. This paper includes an extended literature survey of experimental studies on commercial cells investigating the capacity and performance degradation of LIB. It compares the degradation behavior in terms of the influence of operating conditions for different chemistries and cell sizes. A simple thermal model for linking some of these parameters together is presented as well. While the temperature appears to have a large impact on ageing acceleration above room temperature during cycling for all studied cells, the effect of SOC and C rate appear to be rather cell dependent.Through the application of new simulations, it is shown that during cell testing, the actual cell temperature can deviate severely from the reported temperature depending on the thermal management during testing and C rate. It is shown, that the battery lifetime reduction at high C rates can be for large parts due to an increase in temperature especially for high energy cells and poor cooling during cycling studies. Measuring and reporting the actual battery (surface) temperature allow for a proper interpretation of results and transferring results from laboratory experiments to real applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Song, Hyeonjun, Yeonjae Oh, Nilüfer Çakmakçı, and Youngjin Jeong. "Effects of the aspect ratio of the conductive agent on the kinetic properties of lithium ion batteries." RSC Advances 9, no. 70 (2019): 40883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09609d.

Full text

Abstract:

We fabricated lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using the Super P and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as conductive agents to investigate the effect of the aspect ratio of conductive agent on the kinetic properties of LIB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Daubinger, Philip, Simon Feiler, Lukas Gold, Sarah Hartmann, and Guinevere A. Giffin. "State-of-Charge Dependent Change of the Young’s Modulus in Lithium-Ion Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012320mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

One way to increase the sustainability of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) is to extend the cycle life, e.g., in electric vehicles. To do this, the effects within a LIB must be understood and tracked over its lifetime. In addition to electrical (e.g. IR-drop) and thermal measurements (e.g. temperature inhomogeneities), a new approach for such studies is the use of ultrasound to investigate the mechanical changes inside a LIB [1]. With this low-cost technology, it is possible to detect mechanical degradation (e.g. local thickness change due to lithium plating) or Young’s moduli changes over lifetime and possibly counteract them by the battery management system. In this work a self-built device containing a LIB between two opposing transducers is used to study the impact of state-of-charge (SOC), current rate and frequency on the ultrasound signal inside the LIB. Based on the time the ultrasound signal takes to pass through the LIB (time-of-flight (TOF)), the speed of sound and the Young’s moduli can be determined. The influence of the applied current rate and the frequency of the transducer to the TOF/ speed of sound in the LIB is relatively small. However, the SOC has an impact on the TOF/ speed of sound, where the speed of sound is around 4.5% higher in the fully charged state with ~1740 m s-1 compared to the discharged state with ~1660 m s-1 (see Figure 1 (a)). One explanation for this phenomenon is the change in the lithium staging within the graphite anode. In a charged battery, the graphite anode is filled with lithium ions, which enhances the transmission properties of ultrasound. By knowing speed of sound, the Young’s modulus of the whole battery can be estimated as ~4.2 GPa in discharged state and ~5.6 GPa in the charged state (Figure 1 (b)). This significant increase can also be explained with the lithiation stages of the graphite anode, as the graphite particles themselves exhibit a threefold increase of the Young’s modulus during lithiation [2]. Additionally, the evolution of the speed of sound and Young’s moduli is studied during aging of the LIB. References: [1] Gold, L., Bach, T., Virsik, W., Schmitt, A., Müller, J., Staab, T. E., & Sextl, G. (2017). Probing lithium-ion batteries' state-of-charge using ultrasonic transmission–Concept and laboratory testing. Journal of Power Sources, 343, 536-544. [2] Qi, Y., Guo, H., Hector Jr, L. G., & Timmons, A. (2010). Threefold increase in the Young’s modulus of graphite negative electrode during lithium intercalation. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 157(5), A558. Figure 1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Gwak, Geonhui, and Hyunchul Ju. "Multi-Scale and Multi-Dimensional Thermal Modeling of Lithium-Ion Batteries." Energies 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2019): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030374.

Full text

Abstract:

In this study, we present a three-dimensional (3-D), multi-scale, multi-physics lithium-ion battery (LIB) model wherein a microscale spherical particle model is applied to an electrode particle domain and a comprehensive 3-D continuum model is applied to a single cell domain consisting of current collectors, porous electrodes, and a separator. Particular emphasis is placed on capturing the phase transition process inside the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) particles that significantly influences the LIB charge and discharge behaviors. The model is first validated against the experimental data measured at various discharge rates. In general, the model predictions compare well with the experimental data and further highlight key electrochemical and transport phenomena occurring in LIBs. Besides elucidating the phase transition evolution inside LFP particles and location-specific heat generation mechanism, multi-dimensional contours of species concentration, temperature, and current density are analyzed under a 3-D cell configuration to provide valuable insight into the charge and discharge characteristics of LIBs. The present multi-scale LIB model can be applied to a realistic LIB geometry to search for the optimal design and operating conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Sato, Fernando Enzo Kenta, and Toshihiko Nakata. "Recoverability Analysis of Critical Materials from Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries through a Dynamic Fleet-Based Approach for Japan." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010147.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aims to propose a model to forecast the volume of critical materials that can be recovered from lithium-ion batteries (LiB) through the recycling of end of life electric vehicles (EV). To achieve an environmentally sustainable society, the wide-scale adoption of EV seems to be necessary. Here, the dependency of the vehicle on its batteries has an essential role. The efficient recycling of LiB to minimize its raw material supply risk but also the economic impact of its production process is going to be essential. Initially, this study forecasted the vehicle fleet, sales, and end of life vehicles based on system dynamics modeling considering data of scrapping rates of vehicles by year of life. Then, the volumes of the critical materials supplied for LiB production and recovered from recycling were identified, considering variations in the size/type of batteries. Finally, current limitations to achieve closed-loop production in Japan were identified. The results indicate that the amount of scrapped electric vehicle batteries (EVB) will increase by 55 times from 2018 to 2050, and that 34% of lithium (Li), 50% of cobalt (Co), 28% of nickel (Ni), and 52% of manganese (Mn) required for the production of new LiB could be supplied by recovered EVB in 2035.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Chen, Chih-Hung, Jian-Ming Chiu, Indrajit Shown, and Chen-Hao Wang. "Simple way of making free-standing cathode electrodes for flexible lithium-ion batteries." RSC Advances 12, no. 15 (2022): 9249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra08993e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ouyang, Dongxu, Mingyi Chen, Jiahao Liu, Ruichao Wei, Jingwen Weng, and Jian Wang. "Investigation of a commercial lithium-ion battery under overcharge/over-discharge failure conditions." RSC Advances 8, no. 58 (2018): 33414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra05564e.

Full text

Abstract:

A lithium-ion battery (LIB) may experience overcharge or over-discharge when it is used in a battery pack because of capacity variation of different batteries in the pack and the difficulty of maintaining identical state of charge (SOC) of every single battery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Echavarri-Bravo, V., M. C. Edmundson, and L. E. Horsfall. "Biological recycling of metals contained in lithium-ion batteries (LIB)." New Biotechnology 44 (October 2018): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2018.05.083.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Zhang, Yaguang, Ning Du, and Deren Yang. "Designing superior solid electrolyte interfaces on silicon anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries." Nanoscale 11, no. 41 (2019): 19086–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr05748j.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Waller, Gordon Henry, Rachel E. Carter, and Corey T. Love. "Utility of Deactivation By Saltwater Immersion for End-of-Life Processing of Lithium-Ion Cells." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 6 (October 9, 2022): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-026620mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

Recycling of lithium-ion batteries is envisioned to become an important aspect of ensuring future access to the critical materials used in lithium-ion batteries (LIB) (1). This is particularly true for nickel, cobalt, and lithium, which have experienced extreme price fluctuations and projections of supply shortfalls in the near future. Current recycling efforts are focused on recovering the most valuable components like those mentioned above, however emerging efforts have also demonstrated the feasibility of recovering intact active materials and even direct recycling of electrode composites. All recycling efforts have a common logistical challenge – cells and batteries must be aggregated at recycling facilities once they reach the end of their useful life. This aggregation also introduces safety challenges due to the possibility for residual or stranded energy in lithium-ion cells. A 2021 report from the United State Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) highlighted this issue, reporting that 89% of 245 fires reported from U.S. materials recycling facilities between 2013-2020 were attributed to lithium metal or lithium-ion batteries (2). Energetic failures including thermal runaway has been reported in lithium-ion cells of various chemistries at states-of-charge (SOC) as low as 15% in response to thermal abuse, and cells experienced temperatures above 100 °C in response to external short-circuiting at SOC as low as 30% (3). Saltwater immersion has been reported as an effective method to remove residual energy from lithium-ion cells (4) (5) (6). However, most efforts have focused on the discharge rate of various solution conditions as determined by cell voltage, and offer limited insight into safety impacts and the recoverability of active materials. Qualitative descriptions of corrosion during saltwater immersion, which can be severe, have also been reported in academic literature. This presentation will focus on demonstrating the role of various immersion solution parameters (e.g. solute and other additives, temperature) on the efficacy of removing residual energy from LIB as measured by electrochemical testing of representative systems as well as commercial lithium-ion cells. Impacts of corrosion and cell safety will be discussed through materials analysis (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy + Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) and battery calorimetry (Accelerating Rate Calorimetry). Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries—Current State of the Art, Circular Economy, and Next Generation Recycling. Neumann, J, et al. 2102917, 2022, Advanced Energy Materials. United States Envrionmental Protection Agency. An Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Fires in Waste Management and Recycling. 2021. EPA 530-R-21-002. Safety of Lithium-Ion Cells and Batteries at Different States-of-Charge. Tapesh, Joshi., et al. 140547, 2020, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 167. Pretreatment options for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review. Yu, D, et al. 107218, 2021, Minerals Engineering, Vol. 173. A comprehensive review on the pretreatment process in lithium-ion battery recycling. Kim, S, et al. 126329, 2021, Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 294. Aqueous solution discharge of cylindrical lithium-ion cells. Shaw-Stewart, J, et al. e00110, 2019, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, Vol. 22. Figure 1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

He, Xiong, Xiaoyu Peng, Yuxuan Zhu, Chao Lai, Caterina Ducati, and R. Vasant Kumar. "Producing hierarchical porous carbon monoliths from hydrometallurgical recycling of spent lead acid battery for application in lithium ion batteries." Green Chemistry 17, no. 9 (2015): 4637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5gc01203a.

Full text

Abstract:

An environmentally clean process to recycle the paste from a spent lead acid battery (LAB) is further developed to produce a porous carbon anode material for a lithium ion battery (LIB) which is under increasing focus as the solution for future energy storage and distribution networks.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Dai, Qiang, Jarod C. Kelly, Linda Gaines, and Michael Wang. "Life Cycle Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Automotive Applications." Batteries 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5020048.

Full text

Abstract:

In light of the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the global vehicle market, understanding the environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that characterize the EVs is key to sustainable EV deployment. This study analyzes the cradle-to-gate total energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, SOx, NOx, PM10 emissions, and water consumption associated with current industrial production of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) batteries, with the battery life cycle analysis (LCA) module in the Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model, which was recently updated with primary data collected from large-scale commercial battery material producers and automotive LIB manufacturers. The results show that active cathode material, aluminum, and energy use for cell production are the major contributors to the energy and environmental impacts of NMC batteries. However, this study also notes that the impacts could change significantly, depending on where in the world the battery is produced, and where the materials are sourced. In an effort to harmonize existing LCAs of automotive LIBs and guide future research, this study also lays out differences in life cycle inventories (LCIs) for key battery materials among existing LIB LCA studies, and identifies knowledge gaps.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Mo, Jung, and Wooyoung Jeon. "The Impact of Electric Vehicle Demand and Battery Recycling on Price Dynamics of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials: A Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) Analysis." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2018): 2870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082870.

Full text

Abstract:

The recent rise in demand for electric vehicles (EV) and energy storage supporting power systems has increased the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIB), and it is expected to be more significant in near future. However, materials for LIB, such as lithium and cobalt, may face limited supply due to oligopolistic market characteristics, and this can have a significant impact on prices of LIB materials. This paper examines the dynamics of LIB raw material prices (cobalt, lithium, nickel, and manganese prices) with EV demand using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) method. The result shows that the EV demand is important in short-run dynamics of cobalt and lithium prices, which indicates that the recent increase in lithium and cobalt prices has been caused by increase in EV demand. In the long-run equilibrium, lithium and nickel prices move inversely with cobalt prices. The impulse response results confirm that EV demand has an immediate positive effect on cobalt price, and the effect maintains over two years. On the other hand, the EV demand shock to nickel, lithium, and manganese prices is relatively small. This study also analyses the impact of recycling policy of LIB on material prices. Finally, the paper discusses the policy implications for stabilizing material prices of LIB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Watanabe, Hikari, Yuya Tabata, Jihae Han, Isao Shitanda, Yasuhiro Umebayashi, and Masayuki Itagaki. "Development of New Borate-Based Lithium Ionic Liquid for Next Generation Lithium-Ion Battery." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023200mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

Solvate ionic liquids (SILs), which consist of a solvate ion and its counter ion, are expected as the electrolyte for the new generation Lithium-ion batteries [1]. Li-glymes SIL is an equimolar mixture of lithium salts and glyme of an oligoether such as triglyme and tetraglyme (Gn: CH3O-(CH2CH2O) n -CH3, n = 3 and 4). Li-glymes SIL shows favorable liquid properties like ordinary aprotic ionic liquids; negligible vapor pressure, practically non-inflammability, ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability, and so on. Watanabe et al. [2] have proposed that the specific Li+ ion hopping conduction occurs in the Li-glymes SIL. In Lithium-ion batteries with Li-glymes SIL, the desolvated Li+ ions are intercalated into graphite electrode, however, the co-intercalation of Li+ ion and glyme into the electrode occurs in the battery using the excess glyme electrolyte solution [3]. This suggests that the solvent activity affects the electrode reaction. In the present study, we prepared lithium ionic liquids with oligoether chains (Figure 1) and measured those physical and electrochemical properties. Infrared spectroscopic (IR) measurements were carried out to identify the prepared lithium ionic liquids. An intense peak, which cannot be observed in the IR spectra of the raw materials, appears in approximately 1000 cm-1. This peak is attributable to B-O vibration mode, suggesting that the lithium ionic liquids are synthesized. We here define the new lithium ionic liquids as LiB(Gn)4 (n = 3 or 4). The ionic conductivities of LiB(G3)4 and Li(B4)4 are 0.20 and 0.37 mS cm-1, respectively. In addition, Li+ ion transport number is approximately 0.5 for both LiB(G3)4 and Li(B4)4., which is higher than that of electrolyte solution used in a commercial lithium-ion battery. This suggests that Li+ ion hopping conduction may occur via the exchange among glymes which are side chain of anion. References [1] C. Austen Angell, Y. Ansari, Z. Zhao, Faraday Discuss., 154, 9-27 (2012). [2] K. Yoshida, M. Nakamura, Y. Kazue, N. Tachikawa, S. Tsuzuki, S. Seki, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 133, 13121-13129 (2011). [3] H. Moon, R. Tatara, T. Mandai, K. Ueno, K. Yoshida, N. Tachikawa, T. Yasuda, K. Dokko, M. Watanabe, J. Phys. Chem. C, 118, 20246-20256 (2014). Figure 1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Ma, Chunyan, Jorge Gamarra, Michael Svärd, Reza Younesi, and Kerstin Forsberg. "Recycling of Lithium-Ion Battery Materials Using Deep Eutectic Solvents." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 5 (July 7, 2022): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-015591mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

To drive the transition to a climate-neutral economy, industry will need a sustainable and secure supply of key technology metals, which are essential for large-scale renewable energy production and storage as well as the electrification of mobility. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play an increasingly important role for various energy storage systems. The current and future LIB technologies will require materials that are predicted to have a high supply risk in the future. In light of this, recycling has been put forward as a key strategy next to primary mining and critical raw material substitution. Great efforts are currently being made to develop smart and sustainable processes for recycling LIB materials from end-of life batteries and production scrap. Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) are two common LIB electrode materials. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as green solvents in recycling of LIB materials due to their biodegradability and low toxicity combined with good leachability of metal oxides. In this work, a new process for recycling and direct re-synthesis of NMC111 and LCO is presented. The process is based on leaching using a sustainable DES. Water is used as cosolvent to tune the properties of the DES. Leaching kinetics and mechanisms are determined. The chosen DES shows excellent leaching ability and fast leaching rate at low temperature compared with those DESs reported in the literature. After the leaching step, a new approach is applied to recover the metals from the DES leachate. This approach shows an overall high recovery efficiency and the solid product proves to be a good precursor for direct re-synthesis of new electrode materials. To conclude, this work presents a novel, green, effective and closed-loop metal recovery strategy for recycling LIB materials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Ghiji, Mohammadmahdi, Vasily Novozhilov, Khalid Moinuddin, Paul Joseph, Ian Burch, Brigitta Suendermann, and Grant Gamble. "A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Suppression." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 1, 2020): 5117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195117.

Full text

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are a proven technology for energy storage systems, mobile electronics, power tools, aerospace, automotive and maritime applications. LiBs have attracted interest from academia and industry due to their high power and energy densities compared to other battery technologies. Despite the extensive usage of LiBs, there is a substantial fire risk associated with their use which is a concern, especially when utilised in electric vehicles, aeroplanes, and submarines. This review presents LiB hazards, techniques for mitigating risks, the suppression of LiB fires and identification of shortcomings for future improvement. Water is identified as an efficient cooling and suppressing agent and water mist is considered the most promising technique to extinguish LiB fires. In the initial stages, the present review covers some relevant information regarding the material constitution and configuration of the cell assemblies, and phenomenological evolution of the thermal runaway reactions, which in turn can potentially lead to flaming combustion of cells and battery assemblies. This is followed by short descriptions of various active fire control agents to suppress fires involving LiBs in general, and water as a superior extinguishing medium in particular. In the latter parts of the review, the phenomena associated with water mist suppression of LiB fires are comprehensively reviewed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Zhang, Jin, Yibing Cai, Xuebin Hou, Xiaofei Song, Pengfei Lv, Huimin Zhou, and Qufu Wei. "Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (June 22, 2017): 1297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.131.

Full text

Abstract:

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers have been widely applied in various fields including photocatalysis, energy storage and solar cells due to the advantages of low cost, high abundance and nontoxicity. However, the low conductivity of ions and bulk electrons hinder its rapid development in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). In order to improve the electrochemical performances of TiO2 nanomaterials as anode for LIB, hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers with different tetrabutyl titanate (TBT)/paraffin oil ratios were prepared as anode for LIB via a versatile single-nozzle microemulsion electrospinning (ME-ES) method followed by calcining. The experimental results indicated that TiO2 nanofibers with the higher TBT/paraffin oil ratio demonstrated more axially aligned channels and a larger specific surface area. Furthermore, they presented superior lithium-ion storage properties in terms of specific capacity, rate capability and cycling performance compared with solid TiO2 nanofibers for LIB. The initial discharge and charge capacity of porous TiO2 nanofibers with a TBT/paraffin oil ratio of 2.25 reached up to 634.72 and 390.42 mAh·g−1, thus resulting in a coulombic efficiency of 61.51%; and the discharge capacity maintained 264.56 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles, which was much higher than that of solid TiO2 nanofibers. TiO2 nanofibers with TBT/paraffin oil ratio of 2.25 still obtained a high reversible capacity of 204.53 mAh·g−1 when current density returned back to 40 mA·g−1 after 60 cycles at increasing stepwise current density from 40 mA·g−1 to 800 mA·g−1. Herein, hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers have the potential to be applied as anode for lithium-ion batteries in practical applications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

de Guzman, Rhet C., Jinho Yang, Mark Ming-Cheng Cheng, Steven O. Salley, and K. Y. Simon Ng. "High capacity silicon nitride-based composite anodes for lithium ion batteries." J. Mater. Chem. A 2, no. 35 (2014): 14577–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta02596b.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Lee, Dongkyoung, Byungmoon Oh, and Jungdon Suk. "The Effect of Compactness on Laser Cutting of Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Continuous Fiber Laser." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010205.

Full text

Abstract:

Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIB) are growing in popularity for many applications. Much research has been focusing on battery performance improvement. However, few studies have overcome the disadvantages of the conventional LIB manufacturing processes. Laser cutting of electrodes has been applied. However, the effect of electrodes’ chemical, physical, and geometrical characteristics on the laser cutting has not been considered. This study proposes the effect of compression of cathode on laser cutting for lithium-ion batteries. The kerf width and top width of the specimens with laser irradiation are measured and the material removal energy is obtained. Observations of SEM photographs and absorptivity measurements are conducted. Increasing volume energies causes logarithmic increases in the kerf and top width. It is observed that the compressed cathode forms a wider kerf width than the uncompressed cathode under the same laser parameters. The top width of the uncompressed cathode is wider than the uncompressed cathode. The compression has a favorable effect on uniform cutting and selective removal of an active electrode.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Tran, Quang Nhat, Il Tae Kim, Sangkwon Park, Hyung Wook Choi, and Sang Joon Park. "SnO2 Nanoflower–Nanocrystalline Cellulose Composites as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Materials 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 3165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13143165.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the biggest challenges in the commercialization of tin dioxide (SnO2)-based lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes is the volume expansion of SnO2 during the charge–discharge process. Additionally, the aggregation of SnO2 also deteriorates the performance of anode materials. In this study, we prepared SnO2 nanoflowers (NFs) using nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC) to improve the surface area, prevent the particle aggregation, and alleviate the change in volume of LIB anodes. Moreover, CNC served not only as the template for the synthesis of the SnO2 NFs but also as a conductive material, after annealing the SnO2 NFs at 800 °C to improve their electrochemical performance. The obtained CNC–SnO2NF composite was used as an active LIB electrode material and exhibited good cycling performance and a high initial reversible capacity of 891 mA h g−1, at a current density of 100 mA g−1. The composite anode could retain 30% of its initial capacity after 500 charge–discharge cycles.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Chen, Renjie, Jingning Lai, Yuejiao Li, Meiling Cao, Shi Chen, and Feng Wu. "β-Cyclodextrin coated lithium vanadium phosphate as novel cathode material for lithium ion batteries." RSC Advances 6, no. 105 (2016): 103364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22400h.

Full text

Abstract:

As a new carbon source, β-cyclodextrin was used to synthesize a Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C cathode material for LIB via a rheological phase method. The sample showed high capacity, good rate performance and cycle stability, and low resistance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Kim, Doyoub, Gleb Yushin, Alexandre Magasinski, Yueyi Sun, Baolin Wang, Aashray Narla, Seung-Hun Lee, et al. "Scalable Pore Engineering Strategy for Promoting Ion Transport and Rate Capability in Thick Li-Ion Battery Electrodes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (October 9, 2022): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023329mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

Since the first commercialization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the early 1990s, previous research has been extensive on electrode material development. Due to its high volumetric energy and power densities and its low cost, the LIBs have aided in the widespread adoption of advanced mobile electronic devices, slowly spurred the market penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) globally and been incorporated in household energy storage systems to promote efficient use of renewable energy1,2. Unfortunately, after rapid improvements in LIB technology, the present progress in increasing energy density and reducing the costs of LIBs has been slow. To overcome the performance limitations on the material side, increasing the nickel (Ni) content of layered lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM) cathode materials and blending silicon with graphite anode materials have shown promise3,4,5. On the manufacturing side, there is a push to use thicker and denser electrodes and increase areal capacity loadings from 3-4 mAh/cm2 to 5-7 mAh/cm2 to reduce the mass and volume fraction of inactive materials and thus reduce costs and improve the energy density and specific energy of LIB cells beyond about 700 Wh/L and 250 Wh/kg, respectively6.-8 . Unfortunately, the characteristic Li+ ion diffusion time is proportional to the square of the average diffusion path through the electrode, which depends on both the electrode thickness and the tortuosity. As a result, the charging time and power performance characteristics in high-loading, dense electrodes may become undesirably poor. Herein, we report on several manufacturing pathways to create straight channel pores within electrodes to accelerate electrolyte wetting and facilitate rapid ion transport to overcome these rate limitations. References: Armand, M. & Tarascon, J.-M. Building Better Batteries. Nature 451, 652–657 (2008). Larcher, D. & Tarascon, J.-M. Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for Electrical Energy Storage. Nature Chemistry 7, 19–29 (2014). Manthiram, A., Knight, J. C., Myung, S.-T., Oh, S.-M. & Sun, Y.-K. Nickel-rich and lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes: Progress and perspectives. Advanced Energy Materials 6, 1501010 (2015). Liu, W. et al. Nickel-rich layered lithium transition-metal oxide for high-energy lithium-ion batteries. Angewandte Chemie International Edition 54, 4440–4457 (2015). Eshetu, G. G. et al. Production of high-energy Li-ion batteries comprising silicon-containing anodes and insertion-type cathodes. Nature Communications 12, (2021). Kuang, Y., Chen, C., Kirsch, D. & Hu, L. Thick electrode batteries: Principles, opportunities, and challenges. Advanced Energy Materials 9, 1901457 (2019). Patry, G., Romagny, A., Martinet, S. & Froelich, D. Cost modeling of lithium‐ion battery cells for Automotive Applications. Energy Science & Engineering 3, 71–82 (2014). Turcheniuk, K., Bondarev, D., Amatucci, G. G. & Yushin, G. Battery materials for low- cost electric transportation. Materials Today 42, 57–72 (2021).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Lu, Yu, Shen Pei, and Zijing Yang. "Low-Dimensional Nanostructures for Silicon-Based Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion Batteries." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 17 (November 10, 2022): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v17i.2618.

Full text

Abstract:

Electricity is becoming more important as an alternative energy replacing fossil fuels, as it can be obtained from solar, tide, and wind while being mostly harmless to the environment. The lithium-ion battery (LIB) has high potential in this regard. The silicon-based anode of LIB is a strong performer among different designs of LIBs and entered into service due to high specific energy and low operation potential. However, volume expansion during charging is a pressing problem. Low dimensional nanomaterials possess high specific surface area and special micro-mechanical properties, which can mitigate this problem effectively. This article focuses on cutting-edge nanoscale research from three-dimensionality angles, including 0D, 1D and 2D. For 0D, the core-shell structure is discussed, and modified structures based on the core-shell structure are introduced with a brief discussion on the preparation and structural features. For 2D anodes, silicon-based thin-film materials offer better stability and higher specific capacity. The preparation method of magnetron sputtering is discussed, and p-type doped SiOx/Si/SiOx sandwich LIB anodes are also introduced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Alcoutlabi, Mataz, Hun Lee, and Xiangwu Zhang. "Nanofiber-Based Membrane Separators for Lithium-ion Batteries." MRS Proceedings 1718 (2015): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.556.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACTNanofiber-based membranes were prepared by two different methods for use as separators for Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In the first method, Electrospinning was used for the fabrication of Polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF nanofiber coatings on polyolefin microporous membrane separators to improve their electrolyte uptake and electrochemical performance. The nanofiber-coated membrane separators show better electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity than that for the uncoated membranes. In the second method, Forcespinning® (FS) was used to fabricate fibrous cellulose membranes as separators for LIBs. The cellulose fibrous membranes were made by the Forcespinning® of a cellulose acetate solution precursor followed by a subsequent alkaline hydrolysis treatment. The results show that the fibrous cellulose membrane-based separator exhibits high electrolyte uptake and good electrolyte/electrode wettability and therefore can be a good candidate for high performance and high safety LIB separators.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ede, Sivasankara Rao, V. Mani, N. Kalaiselvi, and Subrata Kundu. "Microwave assisted fast formation of Sn(MoO4)2 nano-assemblies on DNA scaffold for application in lithium-ion batteries." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 7 (2016): 6185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6nj00343e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Koshtyal, Yuri, Maxim Maximov, Denis Nazarov, Alexander Rumyantsev, and Qing Sheng Wang. "Technological and economic perspectives for development and manufacturing of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries for transport industry." SHS Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184400048.

Full text

Abstract:

Energy accumulators are one of the key directions of research and applied development in the spheres of power generation, saving and efficiency. Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are widely used in portable power sources for modern electronics. However, currently the most perspective sphere of their use is transport industry. In this article we discuss the perspectives of using LIB in road vehicles manufacturing, as well as the main trends development of new cathode materials for LIB. In the medium-term perspective, the issue that is the closest to commercial use is related to nano-technologies and new materials (including nano-materials in LIB components (cathode, anode, electrolyte fluid, separator) that can raise the characteristics of these accumulators to a new level of quality and efficiency.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Bai, Xuejun, Biao Wang, Huaping Wang, and Jianming Jiang. "In situ synthesis of carbon fiber-supported SiOx as anode materials for lithium ion batteries." RSC Advances 6, no. 39 (2016): 32798–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra03963d.

Full text

Abstract:

The profiled carbon fiber-supported SiO_x LIB anodes with abundant capillary channels and high contact area can improve lithium-ion transport and buffer the SiO_x volume changes, resulting in the improvement of the cell performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Thauer, Elisa, Alexander Ottmann, Philip Schneider, Lucas Möller, Lukas Deeg, Rouven Zeus, Florian Wilhelmi, et al. "Filled Carbon Nanotubes as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries." Molecules 25, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051064.

Full text

Abstract:

Downsizing well-established materials to the nanoscale is a key route to novel functionalities, in particular if different functionalities are merged in hybrid nanomaterials. Hybrid carbon-based hierarchical nanostructures are particularly promising for electrochemical energy storage since they combine benefits of nanosize effects, enhanced electrical conductivity and integrity of bulk materials. We show that endohedral multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNT) encapsulating high-capacity (here: conversion and alloying) electrode materials have a high potential for use in anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIB). There are two essential characteristics of filled CNT relevant for application in electrochemical energy storage: (1) rigid hollow cavities of the CNT provide upper limits for nanoparticles in their inner cavities which are both separated from the fillings of other CNT and protected against degradation. In particular, the CNT shells resist strong volume changes of encapsulates in response to electrochemical cycling, which in conventional conversion and alloying materials hinders application in energy storage devices. (2) Carbon mantles ensure electrical contact to the active material as they are unaffected by potential cracks of the encapsulate and form a stable conductive network in the electrode compound. Our studies confirm that encapsulates are electrochemically active and can achieve full theoretical reversible capacity. The results imply that encapsulating nanostructures inside CNT can provide a route to new high-performance nanocomposite anode materials for LIB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Choi, Woon Ih, Insun Park, Jae Sik An, Dong Young Kim, Meiten Koh, Inkook Jang, Dae Sin Kim, Yoon-Sok Kang, and Youngseon Shim. "Controlling Gas Generation of Li-Ion Battery through Divinyl Sulfone Electrolyte Additive." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 7328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137328.

Full text

Abstract:

The focus of mainstream lithium-ion battery (LIB) research is on increasing the battery’s capacity and performance; however, more effort should be invested in LIB safety for widespread use. One aspect of major concern for LIB cells is the gas generation phenomenon. Following conventional battery engineering practices with electrolyte additives, we examined the potential usage of electrolyte additives to address this specific issue and found a feasible candidate in divinyl sulfone (DVSF). We manufactured four identical battery cells and employed an electrolyte mixture with four different DVSF concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%). By measuring the generated gas volume from each battery cell, we demonstrated the potential of DVSF additives as an effective approach for reducing the gas generation in LIB cells. We found that a DVSF concentration of only 1% was necessary to reduce the gas generation by approximately 50% while simultaneously experiencing a negligible impact on the cycle life. To better understand this effect on a molecular level, we examined possible electrochemical reactions through ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) based on the density functional theory (DFT). From the electrolyte mixture’s exposure to either an electrochemically reductive or an oxidative environment, we determined the reaction pathways for the generation of CO2 gas and the mechanism by which DVSF additives effectively blocked the gas’s generation. The key reaction was merging DVSF with cyclic carbonates, such as FEC. Therefore, we concluded that DVSF additives could offer a relatively simplistic and effective approach for controlling the gas generation in lithium-ion batteries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Fu, Kun (Kelvin), Yunhui Gong, Jiaqi Dai, Amy Gong, Xiaogang Han, Yonggang Yao, Chengwei Wang, et al. "Flexible, solid-state, ion-conducting membrane with 3D garnet nanofiber networks for lithium batteries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 26 (June 15, 2016): 7094–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600422113.

Full text

Abstract:

Beyond state-of-the-art lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology with metallic lithium anodes to replace conventional ion intercalation anode materials is highly desirable because of lithium’s highest specific capacity (3,860 mA/g) and lowest negative electrochemical potential (∼3.040 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). In this work, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a 3D lithium-ion–conducting ceramic network based on garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.2O12 (LLZO) lithium-ion conductor to provide continuous Li+ transfer channels in a polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based composite. This composite structure further provides structural reinforcement to enhance the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix. The flexible solid-state electrolyte composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10−4 S/cm at room temperature. The membrane can effectively block dendrites in a symmetric Li | electrolyte | Li cell during repeated lithium stripping/plating at room temperature, with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2 for around 500 h and a current density of 0.5 mA/cm2 for over 300 h. These results provide an all solid ion-conducting membrane that can be applied to flexible LIBs and other electrochemical energy storage systems, such as lithium–sulfur batteries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Alipanah, Majid, Apurba Kumar Saha, Ehsan Vahidi, and Hongyue Jin. "Value recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries: A review on technologies, environmental impacts, economics, and supply chain." Clean Technologies and Recycling 1, no. 2 (2021): 152–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/ctr.2021008.

Full text

Abstract:

<abstract> <p>The demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has surged in recent years, owing to their excellent electrochemical performance and increasing adoption in electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. As a result, the expectation is that the primary supply of LIB materials (e.g., lithium, cobalt, and nickel) will be insufficient to satisfy the demand in the next five years, creating a significant supply risk. Value recovery from spent LIBs could effectively increase the critical materials supply, which will become increasingly important as the number of spent LIBs grows. This paper reviews recent studies on developing novel technologies for value recovery from spent LIBs. The existing literature focused on hydrometallurgical-, pyrometallurgical-, and direct recycling, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated in this paper. Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment have quantified the economic and environmental benefits of LIB reuse over recycling, highlighting the research gap in LIB reuse technologies. The study also revealed challenges associated with changing battery chemistry toward less valuable metals in LIB manufacturing (e.g., replacing cobalt with nickel). More specifically, direct recycling may be impractical due to rapid technology change, and the economic and environmental incentives for recycling spent LIBs will decrease. As LIB collection constitutes a major cost, optimizing the reverse logistics supply chain is essential for maximizing the economic and environmental benefits of LIB recovery. Policies that promote LIB recovery are reviewed with a focus on Europe and the United States. Policy gaps are identified and a plan for sustainable LIB life cycle management is proposed.</p> </abstract>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Abbasnezhad, Azam, Hamed Asgharzadeh, Ali Ansari Hamedani, and Serap Hayat Soytas. "One-pot synthesis of tin chalcogenide-reduced graphene oxide-carbon nanotube nanocomposite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 18 (2020): 5890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt00857e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Matts, Ian L., Andrei Klementov, Scott Sisco, Kuldeep Kumar, and Se Ryeon Lee. "Improving High-Nickel Cathode Active Material Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Functionalized Binder Chemistry." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012362mtgabs.

Full text

Abstract:

As the lithium-ion battery (LIB) market expands, driven mostly by the mass adoption of electric vehicles, LIB development is continually being pushed in the direction of higher energy density and lower cost. Both of these trends are leading to widespread development of LIB formulations using high-nickel cathode active materials, such as NMC811. In these materials, the high nickel content increases the amount of electrochemically accessible lithium in the cathode, increasing the cell energy density, while decreasing the amount of cobalt used, which decreases the cost of the cathode material. However, these materials also have drawbacks. First, NMC811 suffers from lower cycle life than higher-Co NMC materials such as NMC111 or NMC622. Second, NMC811 has poorer safety characteristics than lower energy density materials. Finally, NMC811 cathodes are known to experience gassing issues during cycling, which creates challenges in commercialization, especially for pouch cell battery designs. Many approaches have been explored in the industry to address these shortcomings, including active material modification, electrolyte design, etc. In this presentation, binder functionalization will be presented as an alternative pathway to improve high-Ni cathode performance. LIB cathode binder is commonly high molecular weight PVDF, which provides good mechanical properties at low weight fractions as well as high electrochemical stability, but it is predominantly inert. Here, approaches of introducing novel binders tailored for high-Ni cathode systems will be discussed. Effectiveness of modifications, specifically their impact on LIB cycle life and safety, will be discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Brückner, Lisa, Julia Frank, and Tobias Elwert. "Industrial Recycling of Lithium-Ion Batteries—A Critical Review of Metallurgical Process Routes." Metals 10, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10081107.

Full text

Abstract:

Research for the recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) started about 15 years ago. In recent years, several processes have been realized in small-scale industrial plants in Europe, which can be classified into two major process routes. The first one combines pyrometallurgy with subsequent hydrometallurgy, while the second one combines mechanical processing, often after thermal pre-treatment, with metallurgical processing. Both process routes have a series of advantages and disadvantages with respect to legislative and health, safety and environmental requirements, possible recovery rates of the components, process robustness, and economic factors. This review critically discusses the current status of development, focusing on the metallurgical processing of LIB modules and cells. Although the main metallurgical process routes are defined, some issues remain unsolved. Most process routes achieve high yields for the valuable metals cobalt, copper, and nickel. In comparison, lithium is only recovered in few processes and with a lower yield, albeit a high economic value. The recovery of the low value components graphite, manganese, and electrolyte solvents is technically feasible but economically challenging. The handling of organic and halogenic components causes technical difficulties and high costs in all process routes. Therefore, further improvements need to be achieved to close the LIB loop before high amounts of LIB scrap return.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Lisovskyi, Ivan, Mykyta Barykin, Sergii Solopan, and Anatolii Belous. "FEATURES OF PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE SYNTHESIS OF COMPLEX LITHIUM-CONDUCTING OXIDE MATERIALS." Ukrainian Chemistry Journal 87, no. 9 (October 25, 2021): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33609/2708-129x.87.09.2021.14-34.

Full text

Abstract:

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB`s) are widely used in consumer electronics, mobile phones, personal computers, as well as in hybrid and electric vehicles. Liquid electrolytes, which mainly consist of aprotic organic solvents and lithium-conductive salts, are used for the transfer of lithium ions in LIB`s. However, the application of liquid electrolytes in LIB`s leads to a number of problems, the most significant of which are the risk of battery ignition during operation due to the presence of flammable organic solvents and loss of capacity due to the interaction of liquid electrolyte with electrode materials during cycling. An alternative that can ensure the safety and reliability of lithium batteries is the development of completely solid state batteries (SSB`s). SSB`s are not only inherently safer due to the absence of flammable organic components, but also have the potential to increase significantly the energy density. Instead of a porous separator based on polypropylene saturated with a liquid electrolyte, the SSB`s use a solid electrolyte that acts as an electrical insulator and an ionic conductor at the same time. The use of a compact solid electrolyte, which acts as a physical barrier that prevents the growth of lithium dendrites, also allows using lithium metal as the anode material. It is desirable to use oxide systems as the solid electrolytes for SSB`s, as they are resistant to moisture and atmospheric air. Among the lithium-conducting oxide materials, which exhibit relatively high lithium conductivity at a room temperature and can be used as a solid electrolyte in the completely solid-state batteries, lithium-air batteries and other electrochemical devices, the most promising materials are ones with NASICON, perovskite and garnet-type structures. The phase transformations that occur during the synthesis of complex lithium-conductive oxides, namely Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 with the NASICON-type structure, Li0.34La0.56TiO3 with the perovskite-type structure and Li6.5La3Zr1.5Nb0.5O12 with the garnet-type structure by the solid-state reactions method in an air were investigated. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of each of the above-mentioned compounds were determined.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles