Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Literature of Joseph Conrad'
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Teng, Hong-Shu. "Joseph Conrad and conspiracy." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313431.
Full textErdinast-Vulcan, D. "Joseph Conrad and the modern temper." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.384049.
Full textKim, Jong-Seok. "Seeing the self in the other : narcissism and the double in Joseph Conrad's fiction /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901249.
Full textStedall, Ellie. "Herman Melville, Joseph Conrad and transatlantic sea literature, 1797-1924." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648378.
Full textSalmons, Kim. "The representation of food in modern literature : Thomas Hardy and Joseph Conrad." Thesis, St Mary's University, Twickenham, 2015. http://research.stmarys.ac.uk/912/.
Full textAlexander, Martin John. "Foreshadowing the postcolonial : representations of masculinity in the works of Joseph Conrad /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18685407.
Full textJones, Susan. "Representation and identity : women and the work of Joseph Conrad (1857-1924)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318964.
Full textPanagopoulos, Nikolaos. "Between Schopenhauer and Nietzsche : a study of five novels by Joseph Conrad." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284742.
Full textMorfoot, Liz. "Development of narrative structure and theme the early work of Joseph Conrad." Thesis, University of Essex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237498.
Full textNakai, Asako. "Conrad's inheritors : colonial and postcolonial literatures." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308867.
Full textMarcus, Miriam. "Configurations of imperialism and their displacements in the novels of Joseph Conrad." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1665.
Full textEyeington, Mark. "Joseph Conrad and the ideology of fiction : a study of four works." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7969.
Full textThis dissertation argues the priority of politics in the interpretation of Conrad's fiction. It does so by establishing a critical dialogue with, and around, Fredric Jameson's Marxist classic, The Political Unconscious (1981). Jameson's proposition that Conrad's fiction is to be understood as a """"Political Unconscious"""" - that is, that Conrad's works produce political meanings in the same way that Freud suggested thwarted human instincts produce neuroses or psychopathologies - is put to the test here. This dissertaion seeks to extend the application of Jameson's hypothesis into some of the areas of Conrad's oeuvre that Jameson himself did not treat, or treated only briefly.
Attridge, John. "Impressionism and professionalism Joseph Conrad, Ford Madox Ford, and the performance of authorship /." Connect to full text, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5825.
Full textTitle from title screen (viewed 28 January 2010). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of English, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 2007; thesis submitted 2006. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
Doherty, Helen. "The motif of initiation in selected works by Joseph Conrad." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002263.
Full textBagnall, Peter Mark. "Joseph Conrad and Jack the Ripper, or 'The unfortunate alias of Martin Ricardo'." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270887.
Full textNewbrook, Carl John. "The workman of art : an historical account of the career of Joseph Conrad." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315990.
Full textBohlmann, Otto. "An exploration of major existential elements in the principal novels of Joseph Conrad." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23074.
Full textGreaney, Michael. "Linguistic utopia : speech communities and narrative methods in the major fiction of Joseph Conrad." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242816.
Full textHollywood, Paul. "'The voice of dynamite' : anarchism, popular fiction and the late political novels of Joseph Conrad." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281600.
Full textPark, Jong-Seong. "An exploration of the outsider's role in selected works by Joseph Conrad, Malcolm Lowry, V.S. Naipaul." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1996. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1578.
Full textRibeiro, Daniel Mendelski. "A idéia de terrorismo na literatura: o agente secreto de Joseph Conrad." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4145.
Full textJoseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent was first published in 1907 and has been read and debated – especially by scholars – since then due to its unique literary techniques and approach on the subject of espionage, politics and domestic drama. In the 9/11 aftermath, however, The Secret Agent was rediscovered as a "prophetic text", since its plot contains disturbingly familiar elements to us. To enlist some: a group of men who hate the modern capitalist society and wishes to destroy it; a conspiracy targeting a main symbol of such society; an outrage made with "destructive ferocity so absurd as to be incomprehensible"; a terrorist who walks by the streets seeking for an opportunity to blow himself and anyone around. Such elements, despite of their temporal distance of a hundred years from the release of Conrad's book, send us in a questioning not only about the usual literary subjects – plot, narrator, style – but also in a sociological and historical perspective between ours and Conrad’s turn-of-the-century perceptions. In order to analyze the novel in such perspectives, a multidisciplinary approach was used. It led us to conclude that "The Secret Agent" describes extremely human and universal feelings and behaviors that surpass any ordinary historical or sociological categorizations, reaching a deep and dreadful truth about timeless human nature.
O agente secreto de Joseph Conrad foi publicado pela primeira vez em 1907 e, desde então, foi lido e debatido - principalmente por estudiosos da literatura - devido a sua técnica literária única e ao tratamento dado pela narrativa a temas como a espionagem, política e drama familiar. Após os atentados do "Onze de Setembro", entretanto, O agente secreto foi redescoberto sob uma perspectiva "profética", uma vez que seu enredo contém elementos tristemente familiares para nós: um grupo de homens que odeiam a moderna sociedade capitalista e desejam destruí-la; uma conspiração para atacar um dos principais símbolos dessa sociedade; um atentado com uma "ferocidade destrutiva tão absurda quanto incompreensível"; um terrorista que vaga pelas ruas em busca de uma oportunidade para explodir a sim mesmo e todos em torno. Tais elementos, a despeito de escritos há cem anos, nos remetem a uma busca não apenas sobre os elementos literários de praxe – enredo, narração, estilo – mas numa perspectiva histórica e sociológica entre a percepção da nossa virada de século (XXI) e aquela da época de Conrad (XX). Para completar essa busca, servimo-nos de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Concluímos que O agente secreto descreve ações e sentimentos de extrema humanidade e universalidade. Tais ações e sentimentos ultrapassam classificações históricas e sociais e também revelam algumas das profundas e terríveis verdades sobre a atemporal natureza humana.
Sudbery, Rodie. "Stormie seas : a study of the part played by suicide in the life and work of Joseph Conrad." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313635.
Full textMassie, Eric. "Stevenson, Conrad and the proto-modernist novel." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21610.
Full textRibeiro, Daniel Mendelski. "A id?ia de terrorismo na literatura : o agente secreto de Joseph Conrad." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2008. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/1865.
Full textO agente secreto de Joseph Conrad foi publicado pela primeira vez em 1907 e, desde ent?o, foi lido e debatido - principalmente por estudiosos da literatura - devido a sua t?cnica liter?ria ?nica e ao tratamento dado pela narrativa a temas como a espionagem, pol?tica e drama familiar. Ap?s os atentados do "Onze de Setembro", entretanto, O agente secreto foi redescoberto sob uma perspectiva "prof?tica", uma vez que seu enredo cont?m elementos tristemente familiares para n?s: um grupo de homens que odeiam a moderna sociedade capitalista e desejam destru?-la; uma conspira??o para atacar um dos principais s?mbolos dessa sociedade; um atentado com uma "ferocidade destrutiva t?o absurda quanto incompreens?vel"; um terrorista que vaga pelas ruas em busca de uma oportunidade para explodir a sim mesmo e todos em torno. Tais elementos, a despeito de escritos h? cem anos, nos remetem a uma busca n?o apenas sobre os elementos liter?rios de praxe enredo, narra??o, estilo mas numa perspectiva hist?rica e sociol?gica entre a percep??o da nossa virada de s?culo (XXI) e aquela da ?poca de Conrad (XX). Para completar essa busca, servimo-nos de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Conclu?mos que O agente secreto descreve a??es e sentimentos de extrema humanidade e universalidade. Tais a??es e sentimentos ultrapassam classifica??es hist?ricas e sociais e tamb?m revelam algumas das profundas e terr?veis verdades sobre a atemporal natureza humana.
Griffith, John Wylie. "Degeneration, atavism, survival, and regeneration : anthropological and zoological doctrines in some works of Joseph Conrad, H.G. Wells and D.H. Lawrence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316801.
Full textManocha, Nisha. "Generic insistence : Joseph Conrad and the document in selected British and American modernist fiction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f28ba054-3443-4ba3-9e1b-c7939edc3d91.
Full textBoney, Kristy Rickards. "Mapping topographies in the anglo and German narratives of Joseph Conrad, Anna Seghers, James Joyce, and Uwe Johnson." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1164813302.
Full textJoyce, Beverly Rose. "An analysis of "The Real," as reflected in Conrad's Heart of darkness." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1232244552.
Full textAbstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Apr. 20, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-110). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
Vinson, Haili Ann. "The Time Machine and Heart of Darkness: H.G. Wells, Joseph Conrad, and the fin de siecle." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3396.
Full textHenderson, Cynthia Joy. "Winnie Verloc and Heroism in The Secret Agent." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500940/.
Full textWey, Shyh-chyi. "A rhetorical analysis of Joseph Conrad's Heart of darkness." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/923.
Full textYing, Pui-sze Rosa. "Rationality and irrationality in modernist writing." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21161367.
Full textLee, Woohak. "Narrating the discourse : a reading of Joseph Conrad's novels." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264560.
Full textBuyu, Mathew Osunga. "Racial intercourse in Joseph Conrad's Malayan and African fiction." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362812.
Full textLavery, Charne. "Writing the Indian Ocean in selected fiction by Joseph Conrad, Amitav Ghosh, Abdulrazak Gurnah and Lindsey Collen." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bc0865da-1b17-47c6-8bb8-46a4fe0962bc.
Full textStockdale, Mark. "Literature and the invisible : the unseen in Joseph Conrad's visible universe." Monash University, School of Literary, Visual and Performance Studies, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5317.
Full textBulut, Bilge. "Betrayal In Under Western Eyes By Joseph Conrad, The Painted Veil By Somerset Maugham, And Bir Dugun Gecesi By Adalet Agaoglu." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12611311/index.pdf.
Full texts betrayal to his friend in the English writer Joseph Conrad&rsquo
s Under Western Eyes is evaluated in terms of the reasons, process, and results. Psychological analysis of the character that betrays is made. In the second chapter adultery is examined in The Painted Veil by Somerset Maugham, who is another English writer. The reasons for the adultery the woman commits, her guilty conscience after the adultery, and the enlightenment process are discussed. In the third chapter, two characters&rsquo
betrayal to their ideology is examined with the background set as Turkey in the 1970s in Bir Dü
gü
n Gecesi by Adalet Agaoglu, who is a Turkish writer. Psychological status of the characters is studied based on their feelings at a wedding night with their reasons to have deviated from their political views.Themes such as lack of love and dilemma, which collect the three novels under the same title, are particularly examined.
Hjortstam, Klas. "Nedstigning, sanning och berättande : en narratologisk analys av Joseph Conrads Mörkrets hjärta." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53007.
Full textPfiffer, Grace Amiel. "No Coração das Trevas: o paraíso e inferno do outro em Bernardo Carvalho e Joseph Conrad." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3822.
Full textThis dissertation studies the role of subject in literature and its relation to culture and alterity through the analysis of two works: Nine Nights by Bernardo Carvalho and Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. This work show the crisis that the protagonists of both books faces after the encounter with other cultures. In Nine nights the Indian and Heart of Darkness by Africans represents the other. Nine nights tells the story of the anthropologist Buell Quain who commits suicide after a stay between the Indians Krahô, and in Heart of Darkness we see the deterioration of the white man represented by the character of Kurtz. Considered a remarkable man and an unselfish in Europe, Kurtz would have been corrupted by contact with the reality of the Congo and becomes, in the words of the narrator Marlow, one of the demons of the land. The dissolution of the personality and moral code of the white man, represented by two characters, will be studied by analyzing the relationship between personality and culture and how the lack of support and control of the group disarticulates values until then considered stable, as well as the contact with other cultures. The disarticulation of the subject caused by culture shock adds to the general crisis of the modern subject and the discontents of civilization, as described by Freud. The paradoxical position of the anthropologist, which is situated between two cultures, is part of this analysis, even as questions regarding the position of Indians and Africans in the Congo. In the specific case of Heart of Darkness will be studied a intersection between the analysis of the subject, and their implications, and the construction of the character of Kurtz as a symbol of colonial violence. The paper also examines the similarities between the two works, both in thematic and in narrative techniques in their work and influence of Conrad's novels Carvalho
Stott, Rebecca Kathleen. "The kiss of death : a demystification of the late-nineteenth century 'femme fatale' in the works of Bram Stoker, Rider Haggard, Joseph Conrad and Thomas Hardy." Thesis, University of York, 1989. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4267/.
Full textMcIntyre, John 1966. "Modernism for a small planet : diminishing global space in the locales of Conrad, Joyce, and Woolf." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38232.
Full textI begin by identifying a modernist predilection for spatial metaphors. This rhetorical touchstone has, from New Criticism onward, been so sedimented within critical responses to the era that modernism's interest in global space has itself frequently been diminished. In my readings of Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Joyce's Ulysses, and Woolf's To the Lighthouse, I argue that the signs of globalization are ubiquitous across modernism. As Conrad repeats and contests New Imperialist constructions of Africa as a vanishing space, that continent becomes the stage for his anxieties over a newly diminished globe. For Joyce, Dublin's conflicted status as both provincial capital and colonial metropolis makes that city the perfect site in which to worry over those recent world-wide developments. Finally, I argue that for Woolf, it is the domestic space which serves best to register and resist the ominous signs of global incursion. In conclusion, I suggest that modernism's anticipatory attention to globalization makes the putative break between that earlier era and postmodernity---itself often predicated upon spatial compression---all the more difficult to maintain.
Chan, Lit-chung. "Sherlock Holmes, The secret agent, and ideas of justice." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31643462.
Full textCook, Corina K. "Hollow at the core apocalyptic visions in Joseph Conrad's Heart of darkness and T.S. Eliot's The waste land /." Instructions for remote access. Click here to access this electronic resource. Access available to Kutztown University faculty, staff, and students only, 2002. http://www.kutztown.edu/library/services/remote_access.asp.
Full textSource: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2842. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as preliminary leaves 1-2. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-86).
Pappas, P. A. "The hallucination of the Malay archipelago : critical contexts for Joseph Conrad's Asian fiction." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363447.
Full textBurling, Kathryn. "Telling realities : the story of Winnie Verloc in Joseph Conrad's The secret agent." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10194.
Full textMartin-Joy, Susan Elizabeth. "Capturing Experience: Marlow's Narrative about Women in Joseph Conrad's "Lord Jim" and "Chance"." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626124.
Full textSantos, Lidiana de Moraes dos. "O encontro da luz com as trevas: uma análise do pós-colonialismo através de Heart of Darkness." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/4073.
Full textThe goal with the present study is to reread the work Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad, through a post-colonial perspective. First a review of the post-colonial theory was made. With the study of the writings of authors such as Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha and Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak will be possible to comprehend the post-colonial thought. Also, some literary texts were revisited in a way that their colonialist points of view help to built a counterpoint to the post-colonial precepts. In a second moment, Heart of Darkness was analyzed in a special way, through the recovery of meaningful parts of the text that can illustrate the mistakes and understandings of the criticisms made to Conrad‘s literary text by names that emerged in the post-colonial period, such as the Nigerian author, Chinua Achebe. With this rereading we aim to perceive the true message that Joseph Conrad wanted to send by telling the story of Kurtz and Marlow as explorers in Africa.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo fazer uma releitura da obra Heart of Darkness, escrita por Joseph Conrad, através de uma perspectiva pós-colonial. Para tanto, primeiramente será feito um resgate da teoria pós-colonialista a partir do estudo dos pensamentos de autores como Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha e Gayatri Chakravarty Spivak. Além disso, alguns textos literários serão retomados uma vez que suas visões colonialistas ajudam na construção de um contraponto para com os preceitos pós-coloniais. Em um segundo momento, Heart of Darkness será analisado de modo especial, através da retomada de passagens significativas da obra que possam ilustrar os erros e acertos das críticas que feitas ao texto por nomes que emergiram no período pós-colonial, tal qual o escritor nigeriano Chinua Achebe. Através dessa releitura, busca-se o entendimento da verdadeira mensagem que Joseph Conrad queria deixar ao contar a história de Kurtz e Marlow como desbravadores da África.
Elewa, Salah Ahmed. "In search of the other/self : colonial and postcolonial narratives and identities /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25262130.
Full textSjöö, Emilie. "Lost (and Returned) in Africa : a Juxtaposition of Joseph Conrad’s Mr Kurtz and Caryl Phillips’ Nash Williams." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Humanities, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7545.
Full textThe aim of this essay is to investigate the attitudes and assumptions made about Africa in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness and Caryl Phillips’ Crossing the River from a postcolonialist perspective. In this context, the main two characters Mr Kurtz and Nash Williams are given specific critical attention. On the surface, these characters share similar destinies, but when examining them more closely it becomes apparent that they do not. The critical model used is taken from Edward Said’s notion of the binary division between the East and the West. Thematically, both novels address the issue of the ‘other’, the unknown qualities of other races and other cultures, the Western world’s construct of what separates us from them. The analysis shows that Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is a scathing late nineteenth-century critical account of the imperialist forces behind Europe’s colonization of Africa, but does not succeed in depicting the Africans as a people worthy of respect. Phillip’s Crossing the River, on the other hand, clearly avoids stereotypes. Instead, it is an account of how humans, regardless of race or sex, have hurt each other through the slave trade. Furthermore, the juxtaposition of Mr Kurtz and Nash Williams shows that while Mr Kurtz loses himself in Africa, engrossed in the hunger for money and power, Nash Williams actually finds his identity when he is freed of the metaphorical shackles put on him by the white man.
Pieterse, Annel. "Islands under threat : heterotopia and the disintegration of the ideal in Joseph Conrad's Heart of darkness, Antjie Krog's Country of my skull and Irvan Welsh's Marabou stork nightmares." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50382.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The stories and histories of the human race are littered with the remnants of utopia. These utopias always exist in some "far away" place, whether this place be removed in terms of time (either as a nostalgically remembered past, or an idealistically projected future), or in terms of space (as a place that one must arrive at). In our attempts to attain these utopias, we construct our worlddefinitions in accordance with our projections of these ideal places and ways of "being". Our discourses come to embody and perpetuate these ideals, which are maintained by excluding any definitions of the world that run counter to these ideals. The continued existence of utopia relies on the subjects of that utopia continuing their belief in its ideals, and not questioning its construction. Counter-discourse to utopia manifests in the same space as the original utopia and gives rise to questions that threaten the stability of the ideal. Questions challenge belief, and therefore the discourse of the ideal must neutralise those who question and challenge it. This process of neutralisation requires that more definitions be constructed within utopian discourse - definitions that allow the subjects of the discourse to objectify the questioner. However, as these new definitions arise, they create yet more counter-definitions, thereby increasing the fragmentation of the aforementioned space. A subject of any "dominant" discourse, removed from that discourse, is exposed to the questions inherent in counter-discourse. In such circumstances, the definitions of the questioner - the "other" - that have previously enabled the subject to disregard the questioner's existence and/or point of view are no longer reinforced, and the subject begins to question those definitions. Once this questioning process starts, the utopia of the subject is re-defined as dystopia, for the questioning highlights the (often violent) methods of exclusion needed to maintain that utopia. Foucault's theory of heterotopia, used as the basis for the analysis of the three texts in question, suggests a space in which several conflicting and contradictory discourses which seemingly bear no relation to each other are found grouped together. Whereas utopia sustains myth in discourse, running with the grain of language, heterotopias run against the grain, undermining the order that we create through language, because they destroy the syntax that holds words and things together. The narrators in the three texts dealt with are all subjects of dominant discourses sustained by exclusive definitions and informed by ideals that require this exclusion in order to exist. Displaced into spaces that subvert the definitions within their discourses, the narrators experience a sense of "madness", resulting from the disintegration of their perception of "order". However, through embracing and perpetuating that which challenged their established sense of identity, the narrators can regain their sense of agency, and so their narratives become vehicles for the reconstitution of the subject-status of the narrators, as well as a means of perpetuating the counter-discourse.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Utopias spikkel die landskap van menseheugenis as plekke in "lank lank gelede" of "eendag", in "n land baie ver van hier", en is dus altyd verwyderd van die huidige, óf in ruimte, óf in tyd. In ons strewe na die ideale, skep ons definisies van die wêreld wat in voeling is met hierdie idealistiese plekke en bestaanswyses. Sulke definisies sypel deur die diskoers, of taal, waarmee ons ons omgewing beskryf. Die ideale wat dan in die diskoers omvat word, word onderhou deur die uitsluiting van enige definisie wat teenstrydig is met dié in die idealistiese diskoers. Die volgehoue bestaan van utopie berus daarop dat die subjekte van daardie utopie voortdurend glo in die ideale voorgehou in en onderhou deur die diskoers, en dus nie die diskoers se konstruksie bevraagteken nie. Die manifestering van teen-diskoers in dieselfde ruimte as die utopie, gee aanleiding tot vrae wat die bestaan van die ideaal bedreig omdat geloof in die ideaal noodsaaklik is vir die ideaal se voortbestaan. Aangesien bevraagtekening dikwels geloof uitdaag en ontwrig, lei dit daartoe dat die diskoers wat die ideaal onderhou, diegene wat dit bevraagteken, neutraliseer. Hierdie neutraliseringsproses behels die vorming van nog definisies binne die diskoers wat die vraagsteller objektiveer. Die vorming van nuwe definisies loop op sy beurt uit op die vorming van teen-definisies wat bloot verdere verbrokkeling van die voorgenoemde ruimte veroorsaak. "n Subjek van die "dominante" diskoers van die utopie wat hom- /haarself buite die spergebiede van sy/haar diskoers bevind, word blootgestel aan vrae wat in teen-diskoers omvat word. In sulke omstandighede is die subjek verwyder van die versterking van daardie definisies wat die vraagsteller - die "ander" - se opinies of bestaan as nietig voorgestel het, en die subjek mag dan hierdie definisies bevraagteken. Sodra hierdie proses begin, vind "n herdefinisie van ruimte plaas, en utopie word distopie soos die vrae (soms geweldadige) uitsluitingsmetodes wat die onderhoud van die ideaal behels, aan die lig bring en, in sommige gevalle, aan die kaak stel. Hierdie tesis gebruik Foucault se teorie van "heterotopia" om die drie tekste te analiseer. Dié teorie veronderstel "n ruimte waarin die oorvleueling van verskeie teenstrydighede (diskoerse) plaasvind. Waar utopie die bestaan van fabels en diskoerse akkommodeer, ondermyn heterotopia die orde wat ons deur taal en definisie skep omdat dit die sintaks vernietig wat woorde aan konsepte koppel. Die drie vertellers is elkeen "n subjek van "n "dominante diskoers" wat onderhou word deur uitsluitende definisies in "n utopia waar die voortgesette bestaan van die ideale wat in die diskoers omvat word op eksklusiwiteit staatmaak. Omdat die vertellers verplaas is na ruimtes wat hulle eksklusiewe definisies omverwerp, vind hulle dat hulle aan "n soort waansin grens wat veroorsaak is deur die verbrokkeling van hul sin van "orde". Deur die teen-diskoers in hul stories in te bou as verteltaal, of te implementeer as die meganisme van oordrag, kan die vertellers hul "selfsin" herwin. Deur vertelling hervestig die vertellers dus hul status as subjek, en verseker hulle hul plek in die opkomende diskoers deur middel van hulle voortsetting daarvan.