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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Literature and society

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Academic literature on the topic 'Literature and society'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Literature and society"

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Arjun Dubey, Arjun Dubey. "Literature and Society." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 9, no. 6 (2013): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0968485.

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K.P., Ushakumari. "SOCIETY, LITERATURE AND WOMEN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 4 (May 19, 2021): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3903.

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Hashmi, Alamgir, and Fahmida Riaz. "Pakistan: Literature and Society." World Literature Today 62, no. 2 (1988): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40143772.

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Foster, David William, and Antônio Cândido. "On Literature and Society." Chasqui 26, no. 2 (1997): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/29741361.

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Valente, Luiz Fernando, Antônio Cândido, and Howard S. Becker. "On Literature and Society." World Literature Today 70, no. 2 (1996): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40152283.

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Larrington, Carolyne, and Margaret Clunies Ross. "Old Icelandic Literature and Society." Modern Language Review 98, no. 2 (April 2003): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3737912.

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Sheard, Robert F., and Arthur Marwick. "The Arts, Literature, and Society." Rocky Mountain Review of Language and Literature 45, no. 4 (1991): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1347844.

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Khan, Farman Ullah, and Syed Abdul Salam Bacha. "Society in Manfaluti Innovative Literature." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.1:2.12.2016.10.

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This article describes the social problems face by the Egyptian people in the late nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century which are tackled by the writer Mu╖═afā Lu═fī Manfalū═ī in his articles and parables. In the mentioned period the Egyptian society was prone to immoralities carved by the English regime. Bad governance, deprivation of the Egyptian society from their basic rights, and negligence towards Islam were the major shortcomings on the part of the ruling elite. While poverty, problems of women, immorality, offence and other social evils were the main troubles on the part of Egyptian society. This article deals with the way the writer tackled those problems in his writings.

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Jung, Lee Han. "Multicultural Society and 'Japanese Literature'." Korean Journal of Japanology 107 (May 30, 2016): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15532/kaja.2016.05.107.123.

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Tracy, Larissa, and Helen Fulton. "Medieval Celtic Literature and Society." Eolas: The Journal of the American Society of Irish Medieval Studies 2 (2007): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27639185.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Literature and society"

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Trendell, Elizabeth. "Living wages in society and literature." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1422360.

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Rasbash, Joel Mark. "Disaster and society in early Icelandic literature." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401627.

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Bolland, Christopher J. "Reading Francoist Spain : literature and society, 1939-1966 /." Title page and contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb691.pdf.

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Fowler, Adrian. "Distinct society: Cultural identity in twentieth-century Newfoundland literature." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28954.

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This thesis examines selected representations of Newfoundland cultural identity in twentieth century Newfoundland literature from Norman Duncan, E. J. Pratt and George Allan England to Bernice Morgan, Patrick Kavanagh and Wayne Johnston. The discussion is located within a broad context of popular and scholarly writings on the subject and a conceptual framework influenced by Benedict Anderson's book Imagined Communities and Seamus Heaney's essay "The Sense of Place." Nineteenth century attempts to maintain the distinctiveness of Newfoundland identity were politically motivated by advocates of home rule, civil liberties and sovereignty, and constituted part of the rhetoric and mobilization that resulted in responsible government and dominion status for the colony. In the twentieth century, a variety of writers addressed the subject, some from the perspective of visitors, others from the perspective of residents. Early in the century, this resulted in representations in the heroic mode that focussed upon the struggle of outport Newfoundlanders to wrest a living from the sea. At mid-century, this myth of heroic Newfoundland was supplanted by the romantic myth of the old outport in which the community life of Newfoundland coastal villages was recorded and extolled. By the 1970s, the outports had become symbolic of Newfoundland but by this time they were also beset by enormous changes brought about by the Second World War, Confederation with Canada, and government policies of industrialization and resettlement. Some writers responded by intensifying explorations of the cultural roots of the province in the traditional life, others addressed the challenges of the present, which included issues of neo-colonialism and economic imperialism as well as cultural dislocation. In all of this, Newfoundland writers contributed in significant ways to the imagining of their community and the survival of a country of the mind.

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Thompson, Julian. "Anthony Trollope's critical perspective on society." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314458.

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Weimer, David E. "Protestant Institutionalism: Religion, Literature, and Society After the State Church." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493395.

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Even as the Church of England lost ground to political dissent and New England gradually disestablished its state churches early in the nineteenth century, writers on both sides of the debates about church establishments maintained their belief in religion’s role as a moral guide for individuals and the state. “Protestant Institutionalism” argues that writers—from Herman Melville and Harriet Beecher Stowe to George Eliot and Elizabeth Gaskell—imagined through literature the institutions that would produce a religiously sound society as established churches began to lose their authority. Drawing on novels and poems as well as sermons and tracts about how religion might exist apart from the state, I argue that these authors both understood society in terms of institutions and also used their literature to imagine the institutions—such as family, denomination, and nation—that would provide society with a stable foundation. This institutional thinking about society escapes any literary history that accepts Protestant individualism as a given. In fact, although the US and England maintained different relationships between church and state, British authors often looked to US authors for help imagining the society that new forms of religion might produce precisely in terms of these institutions. In the context of disestablishment we can see how the literature of the nineteenth century—and nineteenth-century novels in particular—was about more than the fate of the individual in society. In fact, to different degrees for each author, individual development actually relies on the proper understanding of the individual’s relationship to institutions and the role those institutions play in supporting society
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Zhou, Xiaoyi. "Beyond aestheticism : Oscar Wilde and consumer society." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335351.

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Goodson, Lori Ann Atkins. "Protagonists in young adult literature and their reflection of society /." Search for this dissertation online, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.

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Thompson, Anna Kathryn. "Arthur Miller: The Individual and Society." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625392.

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Wilkinson, Stephen. "Detective fiction in Cuban society and culture." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2000. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1671.

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The object of this thesis is to reach towards an understanding of Cuban society through a study of its detective fiction and more particularly contemporary Cuban society through the novels of the author and critic, Leonardo Padura Fuentes. The method has been to trace the development of Cuban detective writing and to read Padura Fuentes in the light of the work of twentieth century Western European literary critics and philosophers including Raymond Williams, Antonio Gramsci, Terry Eagleton, Roland Barthes, Jean Paul Sartre, Michel Foucault, Jean François Lyotard and Jean Baudrillard in order to gain a better understanding of the social and historical context from which this genre emerged. By concentrating on the literary texts, I have explored readings which lead out into an analysis of the broader philosophical, political and historical issues raised by the Cuban revolution. Since it deals primarily with modes of deviance and notions of legality and justice within the context of the modern state, detective fiction is particularly well suited to this type of investigation. The intention is to show how this is as valid in the Cuban context as it is in advanced capitalist societies where such research has already been carried out with some success. The thesis comprises an introduction, ten chapters and a conclusion. The chapters are divided into three sections. Chapters 1 to 3 attempt a broad theoretical, historical and socio-political analysis of the cultural reality within which the Cuban revolutionary detective genre emerged. Chapters 4 to 6 analyse the Cuban detective narrative from its inception in the early part of the twentieth century until the emergence of Leonardo Padura Fuentes as the foremost exponent of the genre in Cuba after 1991. Chapters 7- 10 concentrate upon the work of Leonardo Padura Fuentes, offering a reading of his detective tetralogy informed by the preceding discussion. The contribution made by the thesis to knowledge of the subject is to build upon the work of Seymour Menton and Amelia S. Simpson on the development of the Cuban detective novel and to provide analyses of the pre-Revolutionary Cuban detective narrative and the work of Leonardo Padura Fuentes for the first time in the English language. The thesis concludes that the study of this popular genre in Cuba is of crucial importance to the scholar who wishes to reach as full an understanding of the social dynamics within that society as possible. In particular, it proves that Cuban detective fiction provides a useful barometer of social change which records the shifts in the Cuban Zeitgeist that have taken place over the past century.

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Books on the topic "Literature and society"

1

Milner, Andrew. Literature, culture, and society. London: UCL Press, 1996.

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Riaz, Fahmida. Pakistan: Literature and society. New Delhi: Patriot Publishers, 1986.

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Ogilvie, R. M. Roman literature and society. London: Penguin Books, 1991.

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1928-, Becker Howard Saul, ed. On literature and society. Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1995.

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1936-, Marwick Arthur, ed. The Arts, literature, and society. London: Routledge, 1990.

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Clunies, Ross Margaret, ed. Old Icelandic literature and society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

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McCracken, Flesher Paul Virgil, ed. Society and literature in analysis. Lanham: University Press of America, 1990.

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S, Judge Paramjit, and Bal Gurpreet, eds. Reconstructing identities: Society through literature. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2008.

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Zima, P. V. Modern/postmodern: Society, philosophy, literature. London: Continuum, 2010.

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translator, Rogers Lola, ed. The Rabbit Back Literature Society. London: Pushkin Press, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Literature and society"

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Plunkett, John, Ana Parejo Vadillo, Regenia Gagnier, Angelique Richardson, Rick Rylance, and Paul Young. "Society, Politics and Class." In Victorian Literature, 46–70. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-35701-3_3.

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Rigby, S. H. "England: Literature and Society." In A Companion to Britain in the Later Middle Ages, 497–520. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998786.ch25.

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Barber, W. H. "Literature and Society: Voltaire." In Perspectives on Literature and Society in Eastern and Western Europe, 37–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-19698-2_4.

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Eagles, Robin. "Literature and Literary Society." In Francophilia in English Society, 1748–1815, 39–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230599109_3.

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Campbell, Matthew. "Art, Self, and Society." In A Companion to British Literature, 89–106. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118827338.ch81.

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Marwah, Anuradha, Anubhav Pradhan, and Sonali Jain. "Theatre, Feminism, and Society." In Literature, Language, and the Classroom, 134–46. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003049777-12.

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Kjærgård, Jonas Ross. "What Was Literature?" In Reimagining Society in Eighteenth-Century French Literature, 53–92. New York: Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in eighteenth-century literature; 18: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465260-3.

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J. Ponzio, Peter. "Dickens and Society." In The Routledge Companion to Literature and Class, 91–104. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003008354-9.

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"Literature." In Value in Capitalist Society, 183–84. BRILL, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004294301_013.

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Bell, Ian A. "Literature/crime/society." In Literature and Crime in Augustan England, 6–46. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003010678-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Literature and society"

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Dvorecka, Inna. "PERCEPTION OF RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN LATVIAN SOCIETY." In 6th SWS International Scientific Conference on Arts and Humanities ISCAH 2019. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sws.iscah.2019.1/s27.066.

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De Smet, Dieter, and Nicolas Mayer. "Integration of it governance and security risk management: A systematic literature review." In 2016 International Conference on Information Society (i-Society). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-society.2016.7854200.

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Atmawati, Dwi. "The Shift of Proper Names Among Javanese Society." In 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.031.

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Ningrum, A., and M. Yoesoef. "Sustainability of Buke Palang Pintu Tradition in Betawi Modern Society in Jakarta." In 2nd Workshop on Language, Literature and Society for Education. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-12-2018.2282674.

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Saputra, Candra. "Social Status as a Nonverbal Language in Priyayi Society." In 4th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201215.020.

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Oseni, Kazeem Oluwakemi, Kate Dingley, and Penny Hart. "Barriers facing e-Service Technology in developing countries: A structured literature review with Nigeria as a case study." In 2015 International Conference on Information Society (i-Society). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-society.2015.7366867.

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Azharghany, Rojabi. "Framing the Islamic Traditionalism Community in Challenging the Social Changes of Modern Society." In International Symposium on Religious Literature and Heritage (ISLAGE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220206.022.

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Fasya, Mahmud, and Dini Gilang Sari. "Sociocultural Factors that Determine Language Choice in A Multilingual Society." In Fifth International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211119.064.

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Rahadini, A., K. Wijayanti, and F. Kurwidaria. "Jamasan Jimat Tradition in Dawuhan Village as a Cultural Heritage based on Banyumas Society." In 2nd Workshop on Language, Literature and Society for Education. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-12-2018.2282675.

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Efriyadi, Hendrik, and Else Liliani. "Colonial Stereotypes in Indonesian Society of Multimedia Era." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Language, Literature and Education (ICILLE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icille-18.2019.29.

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Reports on the topic "Literature and society"

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Castillo, Rafael, Matteo Grazzi, and Ezequiel Tacsir. Women in Science and Technology: What Does the Literature Say? Inter-American Development Bank, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009164.

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Skill gaps are a key constraint to innovation, hindering productivity growth and economic development. In particular, shortages in the supply of trained professionals in disciplines related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) may weaken the innovation potential of a society. A wide gender gap has persisted over the years at all levels of STEM disciplines throughout the world. Although the participation of women in higher education has increased, they are still underrepresented. Latin America is no exception. The untapped potential of fully trained and credentialed women represents an important lost opportunity not only for women themselves but also for society as a whole. Although there is growing recognition of the importance of the issue in developing countries, Latin America faces a lack of information that prevents researchers from deepening the understanding of this phenomenon and policymakers from designing effective interventions. This note aims to contribute to the academic and policy debate in the region by reviewing the main factors put forward in the literature to explain gender inequalities in recruitment, retention, and promotion in STEM disciplines and by providing evidence of the scope and results of policies directed to obtain a better gender balance in the sector.

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Kelly, Luke. Evidence on the Role of Civil Society in Security and Justice Reform. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.031.

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This rapid review focuses on the role of civil society in SSR in several contexts. It finds that donor driven SSR is seen to have failed to include civil society, and that such efforts have been focused on training and equipping security forces. However, in some contexts, donors have been able to successfully develop civil society capacity or engage civil society groups in reforms, as in Sierra Leone. There are also several examples of security and justice reforms undertaken by local popular movements as part of regime change, namely Ethiopia and South Africa. In other contexts, such as Indonesia, the role of civil society has led to partial successes from which lessons can be drawn. The theoretical and empirical literature attributes several potential roles to civil society in SSR. These include making security and justice institutions accountable, mobilising a range of social groups for reform, publicising abuses and advocating for reform, offering technical expertise, and improving security-citizen relations. The literature also points to the inherent difficulties in implementing SSR, namely the entrenched nature of most security systems. The literature emphasises that security sector reform is a political process, as authoritarian or predatory security systems are usually backed by powerful, skilled and tenacious vested interests. Dislodging them from power therefore requires significant political will – civil society can be one part of this. The evidence base for the topic is relatively thin. While there is much literature on the theory of SSR from a donor perspective, there are fewer empirical studies. Moreover, scholars have identified relatively few successful examples of SSR. The role of civil society is found to be greater in more economically developed countries, meaning there is less discussion of the role of civil society in many African SSR contexts, for example (except to note its absence). In addition, most research discusses the role of civil society alongside that of other actors such as donors, security services or political elites, limiting analysis of the specific role of civil society.

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Broek, Emilie, Nicholas Olczak, and Lisa Dellmuth. The Involvement of Civil Society Organizations in Arctic Governance. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/nkqm8574.

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The Arctic is faced with growing environmental and geopolitical challenges, which require international governance involving a range of actors. Existing research has a limited understanding of the role played by civil society organizations (CSOs) in the emerging governance of the region. This SIPRI Insights paper has reviewed the existing literature and used novel survey data to analyse the involvement of CSOs in terms of their roles and their beliefs in Arctic governance. It finds that CSOs monitor agreements and push for regional accountability, support the implementation of policies, engage in advocacy work, support information sharing and provide input during geopolitical crises. It also finds that CSOs have weak levels of belief in the legitimacy of Arctic governance institutions, or in the appropriateness and impact of their governance of the region. Based on these findings, the paper makes recommendations for the further involvement of CSOs in Arctic governance.

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on Forced Displacement, Joint Data Center. REFUGEE EMERGENCIES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS REFUGEES: SOME INSIGHTS FROM THE ACADEMIC LITERATURE. Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement (JDC), April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.290422.

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The conflict in Ukraine has generated a large inflow of refugees into European countries, with more than five million people having fled to neighboring countries. So far, the public response has been generally positive, with large shares of the European population being in favor of the policies implemented to host and support the Ukrainian refugees. In this note we look at the academic literature with the aim to: a) discuss which socioeconomic characteristics of the refugees are typically associated with positive or negative attitudes towards them; and, b) reflect on which policy measures can promote more inclusive and tolerant preferences. The evidence from the literature suggests that negative attitudes towards refugees can be widespread, but less so for those groups that are perceived to be in need of humanitarian help, are culturally closer to host communities, and more likely to contribute to the economies of the host country. Three policy measures to sustain a welcoming climate towards refugees emerge from the relevant literature: facilitate the interactions between host communities and those forcibly displaced; integrate the refugees into the society, including in the labor market; and provide simple, factual information about the refugees and their socioeconomic background.

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Fieldsend, Astrid. Evidence and Lessons Learned Regarding the Effect of Equitable Quality Education on ‘Open Society’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.094.

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The purpose of this review is to assist FCDO in understanding the evidence of impact and any valuable lessons regarding the effect equitable quality education can have on ‘open society’. The search revealed that there is a considerable volume of evidence which focuses on education’s ability to reduce poverty, increase economic growth, boost employability and achieve better health outcomes. There is less which focuses on the aspects of ‘open society’ as defined in this paper. The scope of this review was narrowed to focus upon areas of the ‘open society’ definition where the most evidence does exist, given the timeframe for the review. The scope was narrowed to focus on: democracy, civic engagement, and social cohesion. The review of the literature found strong evidence that equitable quality education can have a range of positive impacts on democracy (specifically, its institutions and processes), civic engagement and social cohesion. There is a considerable body of evidence which indicates that there is a correlation between equitable quality education and benefits to societies (more peaceful, higher levels of trust, greater participation in politics, etc). However, there was no clear evidence that investment in equitable quality education directly leads to positive societal outcomes. This is because there are so many other factors to account for in attempting to prove causation. The lack of rigorous studies which attempt to attribute causation demonstrates a clear evidence gap. It is important to note that education systems themselves are politicised and cannot be divorced from the political process. The extent to which education can impact positively on open society depends a great deal on the value education has within the political system in which it is operating.

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MOSKALENKO, O. L., S. Yu TERESHCHENKO, and E. V. KASPAROV. INTERNET DEPENDENCE: CONCEPT, TYPES, PREVENTION. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-2-2-102-109.

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The article presents a review of the literature on the actual problem of modern society. The number of Internet addicts is increasing every year. In all age groups, and especially among young people, preventive measures should be taken. Psychological prevention, a healthy lifestyle, increasing self-esteem and stress resistance.

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Friedman, Yuval, and Israel (Issi) Doron. Ageism and disaster situations - The case of Covid-19: A scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0148.

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Review question / Objective: What is, and how is it expressed, the interaction between the phenomenon of ageism and society's attitude and coping with a disaster situation, such as the Cuvid-19 pandemic in the professional literature? Condition being studied: The covid-19 pandemic is a type of disaster situation, as the impact of pandemics is similar to the impact of other disasters in several respects: a wide range of impact affecting society as a whole, and an increase in uncertainty and long range of impacts. At the same time, pandemics stand out as being a pervasive, unavoidable and invisible danger (Pappas et al., 2009), and this characteristic blocks us from the usual methods that can allow us to regain a sense of control. It can be said that this complex reality has led to a recognition of the need for a deeper understanding of the interaction between the reality of disaster situations (or in this case - a disaster event in the form of a global pandemic), and the phenomenon of ageism, as well as the status and place of older persons in society.

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Price, Roz. Resources on the Just Energy Transition in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.098.

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This rapid review highlights and explores the literature on the just energy transition in South Africa. In simple terms, a just energy transition can be defined as where the process of shifting energy systems is made as fair and just as possible (Project 90 by 2030, 2019). However, the term is not rigidly defined and can mean different things to different people and elicits a wide range of responses depending on the contexts within which it is utilised and the interests of the groups involved. This is a vast and complex topic, with a large and growing literature base and considerable interest by donors, government, civil society organisations (CSOs) and industry in South Africa. Hence, this rapid review only provides a snapshot of the literature identified.

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Avis, William. Funding Mechanisms to Local CSOs. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.089.

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Civil society can be broadly defined as the area outside the family, market and state. As such, civil society encompasses a spectrum of actors with a wide range of purposes, constituencies, structures, degrees of organisation, functions, size, resource levels, cultural contexts, ideologies, membership, geographical coverage, strategies and approaches.This rapid literature review collates available literature on funding mechanisms and barriers to local CSOs gaining access to funding and the extent to which funding leads towards organisational development and sustainability. Broadly, it is asserted that in terms of funding, local CSOs often struggle to secure funding equivalent to that of INGOs and their local representatives. Kleibl & Munck (2017) reflect that indigenous non-state actors do not receive large shares of development funding. For example, only 10% of the total funding for US-funded health projects in Uganda was allocated to indigenous non-state actors.Given the diversity of CSOs and the variety of contexts, sectors they work in and the services they supply, it is challenging to summarise funding mechanisms available to local CSOs and the barriers to accessing these. Recent analyses of CSO funding report that while the total CSO funding in many contexts has continued to increase in absolute terms since 2015, its relative importance (as a share of total Overseas Development Assistance) has been decreasing (Verbrugge and Huyse, 2018). They continued that ODA funding channelled through CSOs (i.e., funding that is programmed by the donor government) remains far more important in volumes than ODA channelled directly to CSOs (which is programmed by CSOs themselves).The literature identifies three principal mechanisms by which donors provide financial support to civil society actors: a) Direct support to individual or umbrella organisations; b) Via Southern government; c) Via Intermediaries – largely Northern NGOs.

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Altier, Mary Beth. Violent Extremist Disengagement and Reintegration: Lessons from Over 30 Years of DDR. RESOLVE Network, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/vedr2021.1.

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Recent questions surrounding the repatriation, rehabilitation, and reintegration of those who traveled to join the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), the reintegration of violent extremists in conflict zones including Somalia, Nigeria, Libya, and Mali, and the impending release of scores of homegrown violent extremists from prisons in the United States and Europe have heightened policymaker and practitioner interest in violent extremist disengagement and reintegration (VEDR). Although a number of programs to reintegrate violent extremists have emerged both within and outside of conflict zones, significant questions remain regarding their design, implementation, and effectiveness. To advance our understanding of VEDR, this report draws insights from a review of the literature on ex-combatant disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR). The literature on DDR typically adopts a “whole of society” approach, which helps us to understand how systemic factors may influence VEDR at the individual level and outcomes at the societal level. Despite the important differences that will be reviewed, the international community’s thirty-year experience with DDR—which includes working with violent extremists—offers important insights for our understanding of VEDR.

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