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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Literary treatment'
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Wedwick, Linda Crumpler Thomas P. "The socialization of a reader the literary treatment of fatness in adolescent fiction /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1225101201&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1176734714&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.Title from title page screen, viewed on April 16, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Thomas P. Crumpler (chair), R. Kay Moss, Gary Weilbacher, Amelia Adkins, Sally Parry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-168) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Woods, Michael. "Reality vs. Perceptions: The Treatment of Early Modern French Jews in Politics and Literary Culture." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3391.
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Although historians have written extensively on both the early modern era and the development of an absolute monarchy, the history of Jewish communities in France and the role they played has been largely ignored. Beginning with the French Wars of Religion, this study analyzes to what extent France’s religious situation affected the growth of absolutism and how this in turn affected the Jews. Taking advantage of the fractured nature of the early French monarchy, Jews began settling in provinces along the border of both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire. Affected by economic jealousies and cultural perceptions of Jews, the treatment of these communities by local officials led to requests by Jews for royal intervention in these regions. Perceptions of Jews evolved through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as the French Enlightenment influenced the way Jewish characters were presented. This study then ties these perceptions of Jews to the political and economic reality of these communities in an attempt to create a unified history of France’s early modern Jewish population.
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Paajanen, Timo. "Scribal treatment of the literary and vernacular proverbs of al-Mustaraf in 15 th-17th century : with reference to diglossic variation /." Helsinki : Finnish Oriental society, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40006919t.
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Åkerblom, Josefin. "The Fear of Little Men : On the Prehistorical and Historical Treatment of Individuals with Dwarfism." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-1963.
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Den här uppsatsens syfte har varit att kartlägga skillnader i representation av individer med dvärgväxt, från antikens Egypten fram till renässansen. Forskning har gjorts på detta utanför Sverige, men de fyra svenska människorna med dvärgväxt har inte tillfogats och jämförts med det utländska materialet innan denna uppsats. Metoden har varit en litterär jämförelse där andra författare har analyserats. De förhistoriska och historiska litterära verken som dessa författare undersökt har bland annat innefattat egyptiska papyrus, grekisk och romersk lagstiftning och medeltida dokument. Konst från dessa tider har också undersökts. Resultatet av uppsatsen har varit att uppfattningen av dvärgväxt har undergått stor variation genom förhistorien och historien. Ju längre tillbaka vi går desto högre tolerans finner vi. Dvärgar var populära i Egypten på ett sätt som återkommer i medeltidens och renässansens Europa, då hovdvärgar är på modet. Hur det har sett ut i Skandinavien är svårt att säga trots de mänskliga kvarlevorna som påträffats av individer med dvärgväxt. I uppsatsen tas även myter och folklore om dvärgar upp för att måla en djupare förståelsebild av acceptansen i samhället och hur legender kan antingen hjälpa eller stjälpa i sammanhanget.
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Gallagher, Maureen. "Thinking Back through Our Fathers: Woolf Reading Shakespeare in Orlando and a Room of One's Own." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07112008-152735/.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Randy Malamud, committee chair; Meg Harper, Paul Schmidt, committee members. Electronic text (61 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Oct. 3, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 58-61).
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Yang, Wei-Yun. "Doris Lessing's use of Sufi teaching stories : a study of the literary treatment of the theme of transformation in some recent novels by Doris Lessing." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309742.
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Jarc, Jaka. "Rights and obligations : conceptions of social relations viewed through the treatment of possessions in the Biblical poems of Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Junius XI." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19349.
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My thesis examines social conceptions framing rights and obligations by reviewing how possessions are used and exchanged in the poems of MS Junius XI. I identify several major additions to the scriptural source material of the poetic narrative where the poems present a unique treatment of possessions in a social environment. These poetic additions often feature novel combinations of events and even entirely new sub-stories. In reviewing these departures I focus specifically on possessions and examine how they frame the rights and obligations within social interactions. Focusing on objects of social exchange enables the discussion of the literary narrative to relate to secondary historical literature on possessions as well as social conceptions. This has not yet been done for the poems of Junius XI. This thesis is divided into four thematic chapters ordered from the most tangible to the most abstract: moveable objects, landed possessions, degrees of possession of people, and abstract notions of authority framing social interactions tied to holding and exchanging possessions. In chapter two moveable possessions will be discussed in relation to social status, cultural identity, exchange and hierarchy. The third chapter will examine the interplay between the allegorical and practical notions of land possession. The fourth chapter will discuss social hierarchy framed as a range of rights and obligations discussing to what degree people are themselves treated as possessions. The discussion will examine what types and levels of relative personal freedom is detectable in the Junius XI poems. The final chapter will amalgamate findings and issues of the previous chapters by examining how the exchange and treatment of possessions impact various types of authority which frame social interactions, hierarchies and values.
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Lindblad, Pontus, Emil Rune, and David Johansson. "kil-inlägg som behandlingsmetod för gonartros jämfört med neutrala inlägg, en systematisk översikt." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ. Ortopedteknisk plattform, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49763.
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Bakgrund: Många individer oftast äldre drabbas av gonartros, denna diagnos kan orsaka smärta och nedsatt funktion vilket i sin tur kan leda till begränsningar i det dagliga livet. Detta är en systematisk litteraturöversikt över studier som har undersökt laterala kil-inlägg som behandlingsmetod för att minska smärta och förbättra funktion hos patienter med medial gonartros. Syfte: Att studera om laterala kil-inlägg leder till reducerad smärta och främjad funktion jämfört med neutrala inlägg. Vidare utreds också om resultatet är baserat på olika undergrupper. Metod: En systematisk sökning i databaserna PubMed, MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL och Cochrane Library utfördes för att hitta relevanta studier som sedan inkluderades utifrån förutbestämda kriterier. Data analyserades utifrån dessa artiklar för att besvara frågeställningen i detta arbete. Artiklarnas evidens och validitet/reliabilitet har bedömts. Resultat: Resultaten visar att laterala kilinlägg inte ger reducerad smärta och främjad funktion. Det finns heller inga samband kopplat till undergrupperna som studeras i denna systematiska översikt. Slussats: Det finns i denna rapport blandat med bevis för huruvida laterala kilinlägg reducerar smärta och främjar funktion. Även om ett antal studier påvisar positiva effekter är detta inte tillräckligt för att på ett statistiskt signifikant sätt säga att det hjälper. Det går inte att säga om behandlingen är mer lämpad för någon specifik undergrupp.Background: Many individuals often the elderly suffering of gonatros, this diagnosis can cause pain and impaired function which in turn can lead to limitations in daily living. This is a systematic review of studies that have investigated lateral wedged insoles as a treatment to reduce pain and improve function in patients with medial gonartros. Aim: To study whether lateral wedge insoles lead to reduced pain and improved function compared with neutral insoles. Furthermore, it is also investigated if the result is based on different sub-groups. Method: A systematic search in the databases PubMed, MEDLINE, AMED, CINAHL and Cochrane Library was performed to find relevant studies which then were included based of predetermined criteria. Data from these articles where analysed to answer our question in this paper. The articles were examined for risk of bias and validity/reliability. Results: The results show that lateral wedge insoles do not reduce pain and improve function. There are also no signs that a certain sub-group would be more suited for the treatment. Conclusion: There is in this paper a contradictory result of whether lateral wedge insoles reduce pain and improve function. Although several studies indicate positive effects it is not enough to prove in a statistically significant way that it helps. It is not possible to say whether the treatment is more suitable for any specific subgroup.
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Jones, S. Hester E. "Some literary treatments of friendship : Katherine Philips to Alexander Pope." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308236.
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McInerney, Valentina, University of Western Sydney, and Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. "Computer anxiety : assessment and treatment." THESIS_FARSS_XXX_McInerney_V.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/519.
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This thesis represents the results of studies designed to investigate computer anxiety among adult learners. The existence, nature and degree of computer anxiety were investigated with a sample of teacher trainees undertaking an introductory computer training course, and the impact of this course on the anxiety and cognitions of the students were studied. Another study focussed on the evaluation of the measure of computer anxiety used in this study with a view to the design of a new computer anxiety treatment. Results showed that computer anxiety is not necessarily dissipated by completing a computer course, and is correlated with gender, computer ownership and previous computer experience. A number of faculties with different student populations were studied, and computer anxiety was high within each. Interviews with computing course coordinators indicated a range of approaches to instructional design, beliefs about the extent and causes of computer anxiety, and ways of alleviating it. Two approaches derived from these interviews formed the basis of the design of this study, with instructional methods as the treatments and levels of computer anxiety and negative cognitions as the aptitudes. The sample comprised two, with the first group receiving traditional instruction while the second group received direct instruction plus metacognitive strategy training in self-questioning within a cooperative learning context. Achievement was significantly enhanced in the second group, and it was felt that metacognitive training was effective as a means of enhancing achievement and positive cognitions.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Wheeler, Daniel. "THE EFFECT OF THE DOVE EVOLUTION FILM AS A ONE-SHOT MEDIA LITERACY TREATMENT." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3672.
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The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of the Dove Evolution film as a one-shot media literacy treatment to change sociocultural attitudes toward appearance. Four speech classes at the University of Central Florida were used in a Solomon four-group design. Group 1 received a posttest; Group 2 received a pretest and a posttest; Group 3 received the treatment and posttest; and Group 4 received the pretest, treatment and posttest. The treatment consisted of the Dove Evolution film, a viral video introduced in 2006 by Dove as part of its Campaign for Real Beauty. The film has received 19 million views on the Internet in 2.5 years. A modified version of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ-3) was administered as a pretest and posttest, measuring four variables such as awareness and internalization of the media ideal, pressure to achieve the media ideal, and desire to be athletic. It was hypothesized that the treatment would raise awareness but lower internalization, pressure and desire to be athletic. Although none of the hypotheses were supported, there were statistically significant changes. Contrary to expectations, the awareness measure decreased and the pressure score increased. The results and implications are discussed.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Studies
Education
Curriculum and Instruction EdD
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Wheeler, Daniel Aaron. "The effectiveness of the Dove Evolution film as a one-shot media literacy treatment." Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002650.
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Michel, Marielena. "Health literacy and treatment adherence among Latinos with end stage renal disease." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3359.
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The purpose of this study was to examine health literacy and treatment adherence among Latinos with end stage renal disease. Health literacy has been overlooked as one of the factors that affects one's ability to comply with the physician's prescribed medical treatment.
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Kopulos, Marion Ines. "Effects of Teach-Back on Children’s Treatment in Parents with Low Health Literacy." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7687.
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Health literacy (HL) skills are necessary to understand the context of medical information provided to patients in all settings including the emergency room. People with low health literacy (LHL) have difficulty comprehending and implementing basic tasks such as understanding medication administration. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study guided by Orem’s self-care theory was to determine the effect of using the teach-back method for discharge instructions compared to standard written instructions based on parents’ learning style and HL skills assessed during their visit to the emergency room. The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) tool was reworded to assess the parents’ HL. A panel of experts reviewed the tool independently, judged appropriateness and accuracy of the questions, and suggested minor changes. Interrater reliability was assessed in a pilot study with 14 participants, and the strength of the agreement was classified as good (κ = 0.61–0.80) to very good (κ = 0.81–1.00). The NVS was used to determine the literacy levels of 16 participants. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test to compare the median scores in comprehension, adherence, and recall. Results revealed no statistically significant increase in comprehension adherence and recall when using the teach-back method (n = 9) compared to the standard written instructions (n = 7). The small sample size was a limitation. Modifying teaching methods for those with LHL to assure complete understanding of important health information will affect positive social change. Further research addressing low health literacy in parents who speak languages other than English is necessary to assure the results are applicable to the general population.
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Allen, Melissa Marie. "Identifying treatment resistors and the learner characteristics associated with children's responsiveness to early literacy intervention /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102149.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-113). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Parisi, Danielle Marie 1982. "Examining multiple dimensions of fidelity and their relation to student reading outcomes: A retrospective analysis of kindergarten interventions." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10237.
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xiii, 122 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation study explored the dimensions of fidelity to aid both researchers and practitioners in their measurement of the construct and use of the data. Understanding the dimensions of fidelity is important for three reasons: (a) limited agreement on a definition, (b) variability in measurement, and (c) inconsistent relations demonstrated between fidelity and outcomes. Leaders in the fields of program evaluation, behavioral health, psychology, and education have begun to promote an expanded definition of fidelity that looks beyond whether surface level components of interventions were delivered to include examination of whether interventions are delivered with quality and whether students are engaged. With this issue in mind, an expanded definition of fidelity was used to explore surface/content dimensions of fidelity or total fidelity, quality/process dimensions of fidelity, and student engagement. Specifically, this study examined how these dimensions relate to each other and how each dimension relates to student literacy outcomes. Multi-process multi-level models were used to study the interrelations among the dimensions of fidelity and the interrelations among the group level fidelity measures and multiple measures of student literacy development. The results of this study indicated that the construct of fidelity is multidimensional and potentially more complicated than has been discussed in the literature to date. When examining the relations among the dimensions of fidelity, total fidelity and quality were highly related, quality and engagement may be related, and total fidelity and engagement were not related. The relation between total fidelity and student outcomes was in the opposite direction of what was hypothesized--lower total fidelity was related to higher student outcomes. The relation between student engagement and student outcomes was in the hypothesized direction--higher engagement was related to higher student outcomes. The relation between quality of delivery and student outcomes was also in the hypothesized direction with higher quality related to higher student outcomes. The results highlight several issues related to fidelity that need to be considered by both researchers (measuring multiple components, repeated assessment, data analytic methods) and practitioners (how and what to measure, general variability in implementation, use of the data) in the field of education.
Committee at large: Elizabeth Ham, Co-Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Kenneth Merrell, Co-Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; David Chard, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Yvonne Braun, Outside Member, Sociology
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Gabriel, Israel O. "Feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on the quality of life of adult Nigerians with cancer and their family caregivers: A multi-method study." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/420613.
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Nigeria's capacity to treat adults with cancer is limited due to a lack of human resources and medical facilities. Adults diagnosed with cancer rely largely on their family caregivers for support throughout their cancer journey. According to current cancer research, both persons with cancer and their family caregivers report unmet social, spiritual, informational, and psychological needs. Interventions to improve the health-related quality of life of persons with cancer and their family caregivers have been conducted mainly in high-income countries, with limited research in Africa, particularly Nigeria.
The purpose of this PhD program of work was to develop and test the feasibility and effectiveness of a psychosocial intervention on the social, spiritual, and informational needs, as well as cancer health literacy and health-related quality of life, of adults living with cancer and their families in Nigeria. The thesis is presented as a series of published and unpublished papers, comprising five sequential studies.
A sequential, complementary, multi-method approach was applied, in which data and findings from one study served as the foundation and direction for the next. The Hodge Spirituality Framework and the Supportive Care Model for Cancer Care were used to guide the study. The Spiritual Framework articulates seven distinct explanations for how spirituality promotes health. The Supportive Care Model denotes seven key areas of need to assist in conceptualising what cancer patients require and how service delivery could be planned.
Study One was a systematic review of the literature that aimed to determine contextual factors relating to the use of psychosocial support by adults with cancer and their family caregivers. There was a dearth of research on effective psychosocial interventions for cancer patients and family caregivers in low-income countries. The literature review concluded that interventions for adults with cancer and family caregivers in Africa must be conceptually motivated, culturally appropriate, and tailored to meet local needs.
A cross-sectional quantitative design was used in Study Two to determine the needs, health literacy, and health-related quality of life of adults with cancer and their family caregivers (n = 240) in Nigeria. Adults living with cancer and their families both had considerable psychosocial needs that adversely affect their health-related quality of life. There were consistent relationships between psychosocial needs, cancer health literacy, and health-related quality of life. The findings underscored the relevance of addressing the psychosocial needs and health literacy of persons living with cancer and their family caregivers.
Study Three was the development of an intervention, which was preceded by an exploration of relevant models. The Medical Research Council and Behaviour Change Wheel guided the systematic selection of behaviours to be targeted by the intervention. It was proposed that change was needed in the psychological capability, social opportunity, and automatic and reflective motivation of adults with cancer and their family caregivers. Seven intervention functions and nineteen behaviour change taxonomies were identified as relevant to include in an intervention targeted at meeting needs and improving health-related quality of life. Study Four described the protocol of a randomised controlled trial to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a nurse-delivered psychosocial intervention for adult Nigerians living with cancer and their family caregivers.
In Study Five, 176 participants participated in a two-arm randomised controlled trial to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention. Findings indicated that the program was feasible to implement, and the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in family/social support, spiritual needs, information needs, cancer health literacy, and health-related quality of life (adults with cancer, F (13, 65) = 24.50, p < 0.001; Wilks’ Lambda = .17; family caregivers, F (13, 65) = 14.27, p < 0.001; Wilks’ Lambda = .26). As evidenced by strong acceptance (86.3%) and retention rates (93.2%), the psychosocial intervention was welcomed by participants. Treatment fidelity ranged from 88.5 to 94.6 percent.
This PhD research addressed knowledge gaps about the needs of adults with cancer and their families in Nigeria. It was the first study in Nigeria to employ the Spiritual and Supportive Care Frameworks in an oncology setting and involve participants in the intervention planning process. The study and associated publications contribute to the literature on cancer caregiving and intervention development by describing and specifying the design, content, and mechanisms of action for an evidence-based and theoretically informed intervention targeting adults with cancer and family caregivers. This research provides a solid foundation for future work to advance interventional oncology research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Nursing & Midwifery
Griffith Health
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Lowery, Kamilan Aurielle. "The Influence of Child and Parent Health Literacy Status on Health Outcomes from a Childhood Obesity Treatment Program." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71372.
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While limited health literacy has been associated with poorer health decisions and poorer health outcomes, there remains a gap in the literature related to the influence of health literacy on weight and weight-related behaviors. The primary aim of this study is to examine the influence of child and parent health literacy status on childs body mass index (BMI) and health behaviors, within an adapted evidence-based family-based childhood obesity intervention, iChoose, implemented in the medically underserved Dan River Region (DRR). Previously developed measures were used to assess health literacy and health behaviors. iChoose consisted of 101-parent-child dyads. Using the New Vital Sign (NVS), 46% of children and 13% of parents had low to limited health literacy levels at baseline. Younger children and parents who were African American, had no high school diploma, and earned <$25,000/year were significantly more likely to have low health literacy when compared to their counterparts. Health literacy levels for these individuals ranged between 0 to 3, which is considered low to limited health literacy. Health literacy levels were further examined between health outcomes. However, BMI, fruit and vegetable intake, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity, and screen time did not differ by health literacy levels at baseline. Among children, improvements in the NVS was significantly correlated with decreases in SSB consumption (r = -.275, p < .05), but with no other outcomes. There were no significant correlations among changes in parent NVS score and changes in child health behaviors. Results from this study fill a gap in understanding the associations in health literacy and weight and weight-related behavioral outcomes in children. It also provides insights into the opportunities and challenges in measuring health literacy among children. Future research is needed to explore further health literacy measurement issues among children and the influence of both child and parent health literacy in family-based childhood obesity treatment efforts. Additional efforts are also needed to assist community and health care providers in finding more effective strategies to guide children with low health literacy to better health outcomes.Master of Science
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Sundman, Ashley N. "Developing Pre-Literacy Skills In Preschool Children: The Utilization Of Parents As A Vital Resource." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003298.
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Hall, Eleanor M. "Social Ecology of Adherence to Hypertension Treatment in Latino Migrant and Seasonal Farmworkers." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/26.
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The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is high in Latinos (Latino/Latina) Americans due to social and ecological factors. Increased migration of Latino migrant/seasonal farmworkers (MSFW) to the U.S. augments the social, economic, environmental, and psychosocial factors associated with health and illness. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory was used to guide this study. The purposes of this cross-sectional, correlational study were to explore Latino MSFWs’ adherence to HTN treatment (medication adherence, blood pressure [BP] self-care, and BP control) and to examine the influence of BP knowledge, perceived stress, acculturation, health literacy, and health care access (HCA) on adherence to HTN treatment.
A total of 45 Latino (mean age 45 + 9) MSFWs receiving HTN treatment participated in this study. Spanish and English questionnaires were available for participants to measure adherence to HTN treatment and the five independent variables. Analysis included correlations, t-tests, hierarchical multiple regression, and hierarchical logistic regression.
The majority of MSFWs were from Mexico, female (55.6%), had less than a 6th grade education. Most (82%) of the MSFWs had uncontrolled BP, and were not adherent to medications (42%), even with high BP knowledge scores (M = 6.5 ±1.3). MSFWs perceived a high level of stress (M = 16 + 6.9), low acculturation level (Anglo orientation: M = 2.9 + 0.9), and no employer-provided health insurance for personal illnesses or injuries (93%). Blood pressure knowledge, perceived stress, acculturation, health literacy, and HCA accounted for 49% of the variance in the BP self-care; however, only higher BP knowledge was a significant predictor of better BP self-care (p < .001). Furthermore, acculturation was a significant predictor of BP control (p < .01).
This study explored select determinants of adherence to HTN treatment in Latino MSFWs in a culturally informed way. Although BP self-care behaviors appeared to be a consequence of BP knowledge, this study found low medication adherence in Latino MSFWs and uncontrolled BP explained by the two predictors, acculturation and health literacy. Perceived stress and health care access did not influence the adherence to HTN treatment. MSFWs had poor BP control and HTN treatment adherence. A culturally appropriate educational program is needed to help the MSFWs adherence to HTN treatment.
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Glazener, Laurie Ann. "Developing a profile to predict student response to treatment with Fast ForWord programs." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11076.
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xi, 111 p.Matching reading deficits to appropriate intervention programs is a challenge given the number of treatment options available to educators. The Fast ForWord (FFW) computerized intervention series has been marketed as a way to treat underlying causes of poor reading skill; i.e., substandard levels of basic language skill, phonemic awareness, and/or phonics application. If the programs work as claimed, then completion of Fast ForWord should improve the next reading subskill developed after phonics, oral reading fluency. Part 1 of this study involves a treatment ( n = 72) versus comparison ( n = 84) group two by two ANOVA to evaluate that hypothesis. No effect for FFW is found ( p = .84). Application of decision rules from Response to Intervention (RTI) models classifies positive changes in risk category at a greater rate for the comparison group ( n = 31) than for the FFW group ( n = 20) ( X 2 = 3.81, (1), p = .05). Pre-intervention language scores for the FFW group are compared to assist with intervention placement decisions. Differences in mean language scores are not significant ( p = .85) between the two groups [positive response ( n = 19) versus low response ( n = 57)]. In a binary logistic regression of quartile membership for language scores, no score ranges predict membership ( X 2 = 4.75, (8), p > .05). Measuring treatment effect with ORF is not recommended. The use of pre-intervention language and ORF scores below the 25th percentile as indicators of a positive change in oral reading fluency following FFW treatment also is not recommended. However, future research that considers language scores along with other curriculum-based measures of prereading skill either as pre-intervention indicators or outcome measures is recommended.
Committee in charge: Dr. Paul Yovanoff, Chair; Dr. Keith Hollenbeck, Member; Dr. Joseph Stevens, Member; Dr. Jeffery Sprague, Outside Member
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Ndiaye, Malick. "The impact of health beliefs and culture on health literacy and treatment of diabetes among French speaking West African immigrants." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2050.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009.Title from screen (viewed on February 1, 2010). Department of English, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Ulla M. Connor, Frank M. Smith, Honnor Orlando. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-139).
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Booysen, Fredalene. "Learning in Social Movements: A research study of awareness and understanding of a Treatment Literacy programme implemented by the Treatment Action Campaign in the Western Cape in the period 2001 to 2009." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32454.
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This qualitative research study examines six participant's awareness and understanding of a Treatment Literacy (TL) programme implemented by the Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) in the Western Cape in the period 2001 to 2009. The study investigates what attracted the participants to the TAC; what they learnt and how this was taught; the extent, if any, to which participant's experiences changed their understanding of HIV and AIDS, sexuality, treatment and other health-related practices. To analyse participants' awareness levels, understanding and experiences, I drew on Freire (1970; 1985) and Mezirow (1991; 1994) adult education literature, more specifically literature addressing the social movements and how activists learn and teach in different context (informal and non-formal) such as Newman (1995) and Foley (1999). These perspectives underpin the central argument of the thesis, namely that adult education is contextual and has impact on awareness, understanding and experiences and in this case HIV and AIDS. A primary finding of the study is how the participants in the study perceived the world as central to their learning. Learning is thus a substantially personal experience; however, the development of the individual frequently occurs within a group dynamic. Participants felt that being part of TAC and fighting for access to treatment and helping other people who are either HIV positive or affected by HIV and AIDS, helped them in turn to deal with their own challenges of being HIV positive and affected with HIV and AIDS. Being HIV positive and receiving education from TAC has given participants dignity and the necessary consciousness to obtain control of their life. Participants also reported that the TL programme boosted their confidence and raised their level of awareness and understanding of the topic.
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Hagemeier, Nicholas E., and Leonard B. Cross. "Financial Literacy Showcase – ETSU Gatton College of Pharmacy Personal Finance for Future Pharmacists Course." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1436.
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This session will feature the best financial literacy solutions in higher education, straight from the mouths of the college administrators who have implemented the programs! By the end of this presentation, you will be an expert in the various solutions that are available, as well as having a good idea of what will work best for your institution. In this session, you will find out: (1) How the college decided on its financial literacy program, (2) How each school is integrating the resources, (3) What practices have been the most successful.
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Ramela, Thato. "An illustrated information leaflet for low-literate HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy : design, development and evaluation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007563.
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South Africa's HIV prevalence rate is estimated to be 5.7 million and at the end of2007 a total of 45845 HIV/AIDS adult patients were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). The global incidence of HIV/AIDS has been slowly decreasing over the years but is still widespread. This disease is still more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa than in other parts of the world, with more than 60% people living with HIV/AIDS. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the treatment of choice, slows the progression of the human immunovirus but demands a high adherence rate in excess of 95%. Patients who are poorly informed about antiretrovirals (ARVs) and misunderstand medicine-taking instructions or experience unexpected side effects may interrupt therapy, predisposing them to the development of resistance. Such patients need information but, given the poor literacy skills prevalent in South Africa, written information is often not fully comprehended and is often written at too high a reading level. The objectives of this research project were to design, modify and evaluate HIV / AIDS patient education materials for low-literate isiXhosa speaking adults residing in Grahamstown and to examine their impact on the understanding of various aspects of the disease and its treatment. Pictograms illustrating common side effects of ARVs (e.g. stavudine, efavirenz, lamivudine), as well as various sources 'for purchasing nonprescription medicines, storage and medicine-taking instructions were designed and evaluated both qualitatively, using group discussions, and quantitatively through individual interviews where interpretation of the pictograms was assessed. These pictograms were incorporated in a patient information leaflet (PIL) which had been specifically designed for people with limited reading skills and was a simple document containing the minimum of essential text. A previously developed PIL was modified in collaboration with the target population and two versions were produced, one incorporating pictograms illustrating side effects, the other with none. Pictograms were used in both to illustrate other medicine-taking instructions. The PILs were tested objectively to assess the readability, format, content, and general design. They were translated into isiXhosa prior to being qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated in a low-literate isiXhosa speaking population. Understanding of the PILs was assessed by asking a series of questions about the PIL content. Participant opinion of the readability and appearance of the PIL was recorded. The relationship between PIL understanding and selected demographic variables was investigated. Findings from this study illustrated that well designed pictograms assist in the location of information in written leaflets and they may enhance understanding of the information. It was further demonstrated that education influences total understanding of PIL content thus emphasizing the need for tailor-written information in accordance with the education level of the target population. A desire to receive PILs incorporating pictograms was expressed by the majority of participants. Collaboration with the intended target population is essential to design culturally acceptable, easily interpreted pictograms and to produce user-friendly, easy-to-read, comprehensible patient education materials. The rigorous, iterative design, modification and testing process described in this study is one that should be adopted in producing all health-related education materials.
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Maragno, Carla Andreia Daros. "Associação entre letramento em saúde e adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/18582.
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Objetivo: Desenvolver um questionário em português que avalie letramento em saúde e verificar a possível associação entre letramento em saúde e adesão à terapia medicamentosa. Métodos: Entrevistas foram realizadas enquanto os indivíduos esperavam seu atendimento em postos de saúde da cidade de Bagé, na região sul do Brasil. O letramento em saúde foi avaliado pelo Teste de Letramento em Saúde (TLS). O TLS foi desenvolvido baseando-se na tradução e adaptação do TOFHLA (Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults) para a realidade brasileira, considerando-se aspectos de linguagem e culturais. A adesão à terapia medicamentosa foi avaliada pelo Morisky e as dificuldades para adesão foram avaliadas pelo BMQ (Brief Medication Questionnarie). Resultados: A consistência interna do TLS foi alta (0,789). Sua pontuação média foi de 87,4 ± 10,2 e mais de dois terços da população (73,7%) tinha no mínimo o ensino médio completo. Aproximadamente 87% dos participantes possuíam letramento em saúde adequado, 10,5% limitado e 2,6% inadequado. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as pontuações médias obtidas entre as diferentes faixas etárias e de escolaridade. Os indivíduos com baixo letramento em saúde apresentaram mais do que o dobro de probabilidades de encontrarem dificuldades para aderir ao tratamento medicamentoso quando comparados aos indivíduos com letramento em saúde adequado (RP=2,19; IC95%=1,30 – 3,67). Conclusão: O TLS demonstrou ser uma medida adequada de letramento em saúde para indivíduos com alto nível de escolaridade. Porém, necessita maiores avaliações entre aqueles com menor escolaridade. Através do TLS, o impacto do baixo letramento em saúde na população brasileira pode ser avaliado, bem como a identificação dos indivíduos que necessitam de instruções especiais Além disso, o baixo letramento em saúde demonstrou estar associado com maiores dificuldades para aderir ao tratamento medicamentoso. Portanto, intervenções que proponham melhorar a adesão, devem, antecipadamente, verificar o nível de letramento em saúde destes, para assim elaborar estratégias capazes de atingir o entendimento dos pacientes em cada grau de letramento.Title: Association Between Health Literacy and Medical Treatment Adherence. Objective: To develop a test to evaluate health literacy in Brazilian Portuguese and assess the association between health literacy and adherence to medical therapy. Methods: Interviews were carried out while participants waited for consults in primary care facilities in Bagé, south Brazil. Health Literacy was evaluated through the Teste de Letramento em Saúde (TLS). The TLS was based on translation and adaptation of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) to the Brazilian scenario, considering cultural and language aspects. Adherence to medical therapy was evaluated by Morisky and difficulties for adherence were evaluated through Brief Medication Questionnaire (BMQ). Results: Internal consistency was high (0.789). Average score was 87.4±10.2, and over two thirds of the population (73.7%) had finished high school. Approximately 87% of participants had adequate health literacy, 10.5% had marginal health literacy, and 2.6% had inadequate health literacy. There was a statistically significant difference in average scores between groups with different age and education. Individuals with low health literacy (LHL) presented over twice as much chance of finding difficulties in adhering to medical treatment than individuals with good health literacy (PR=2.19; 95%CI= 1.30 – 3.67). Conclusion: TLS provides a proper way of accessing health literacy in individuals with high education level. However, further evaluation is needed among those with lower education. Through TLS, the impact of low health literacy in the Brazilian population can be assessed and the identification of individuals who need special instruction.Moreover, low health literacy has proven to be associated with greater difficulties to adhere to drug treatment. Therefore, interventions that propose improve adherence, should in advance determine the level of literacy in of health, in order to develop strategies capable of understanding of patients in each degree of literacy.
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Kerari, Ali. "The Influence of Health Literacy, Hypertension-Specific Knowledge, Patient Activation, and Adherence to Hypertension Treatment Plans on Self-management and Blood Pressure Control in Saudi Adults with Hypertension." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case156354982307228.
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Mims, Pamela J., Angel Lee, Diane M. Browder, Tracie-Lynn Zakas, and Susan Flynn. "Effects of a Treatment Package to Facilitate English/Language Arts Learning for Middle School Students with Moderate to Severe Disabilities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/307.
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This pilot study sought to develop and evaluate the use of a treatment package that included systematic and direct instruction on acquisition of literacy skills aligned with middle school English/Language Arts standards for students with moderate to severe disabilities, including autism. Participants included five teachers and 15 middle school students with moderate to severe disabilities who were primarily served in a self-contained setting. A one-group, nonrandomized, pre-posttest design was implemented to measure vocabulary, comprehen- sion of familiar text and unfamiliar text, poetry, research, and writing skills. Results indicated significant gains in vocabulary and comprehension of familiar text. Limitations, implications, and the need for future research are discussed.
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Shetzer, Lucie. "Confronting Aging and Serious Illness through Journaling: A Study of Writing as Therapy." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1192341678.
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Millas, Dimitrios. "Ankle sprain - conservative versus operational treatment: A literary review." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-349541.
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1 Abstract Title Ankle sprain, conservative versus operational treatment: A literature review Aim The main purpose of this thesis is to assess and review the efficacy of main types of conservative and surgical interventions applied on ankle sprain injuries, as also the factors that influence the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing the selected treatment procedures. Method This thesis is a literary research, reviewing articles from relevant journals and books. Information and data sources were retrieved from English, released between 1980 and 2016, using electronic databases and reference lists of articles. The following databases were searched for the highest possible amount of relevant articles, with an attempt to reduce publication and/or selection bias: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), Web of science and Medline. Preliminary searches began at the inception of the project, and the full search was concluded in October 10th , 2016. A restriction for the type of publication (meta-analysis, systematic review, clinical trials, comparative trials, practice guidelines and case studies) was applied when allowed by the databases research tools. Results The analysis of the reviewed studies resulted that conservative treatment approaches is the main...
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Smetana, Christer. "Comparing Neurophysiological Methods to Functional Therapy in Treatment of Cerebral Palsy from Newborns To Adolescents- A literary review." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-305884.
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Title: Comparing Neurophysiological Methods to Functional Therapy in Treatment of Cerebral Palsy from Newborn to Adolescents Investigative questions: What are the scientifically proven advantages of Neurophysiological Methods and Functional therapy, respectively? In what situations would one treatment approach be more beneficial than the others? Background: Cerebral palsy is the most prevalent of the chronic childhood motor disability disorders, with a prevalence of approximately 2 in every 1000 live born. Definitions and classifications have been varying for the last 150 years, leading to a great deal of confusion and controversy in this field of paediatric medicine, resulting in varying recommendations in terms of therapy. In complex cooperative therapy team is necessary in each individual, and in terms of physiotherapeutic treatment, two big and very distinct blocks of treatment philosophies are found, namely the Neurophysiologic Method and the Functional Therapy. Previously, no definite recommendations towards therapy has been provided, and many studies simply conclude that the field of cerebral palsy, despite centuries of attention, still lacks substantial parts of information to conclude with anything in particular. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and compare the Neurophysiological...
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Hyland, CJ. "Metaphysics, morality and malevolence : an investigation into the philosophical outlook inherent in the treatment of the myths in Ovid’s Metamorphoses." Thesis, 2017. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23836/1/Hyland_whole_thesis.pdf.
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For two millennia, the mythological tales contained in the Metamorphoses of Publius Ovidius Naso have been among the most widely read and influential of all classical works, but very little is known of the author himself: his character, his views, or his philosophical convictions. Moreover, most of the information which has been transmitted to us comes from explicit autobiographical references in his own works. Beyond the few biographical details of which there is no cause to doubt – such as Ovid’s date of birth, the age difference between him and his brother, or the number of his grandchildren – most of the references, as Holzberg (2006) astutely pointed out, are more than a little dubious, given that nearly all can be shown to primarily serve significant literary purposes (particularly those found in Tristia 4.10). On the whole, this undermines the likelihood of the factual accuracy of such references and, therefore, the deductions drawn from them. As a consequence, we have really very little to go on if we are to use what we know about the author as a guide to finding out why his works are as they are.
General aims
In light of this, we come to the problem of how better to understand the vast array of different and seemingly often conflicting issues found within Ovid’s most popular work, the Metamorphoses, when we only have the poem itself in which to look for answers.
Investigation into this topic is not new, but is far from being exhausted, and has not yet yielded particularly satisfactory answers. Some decades ago, Charles Segal (1969a), in the introduction to his work on understanding the Metamorphoses through Ovid’s use of landscape within the poem, alluded to one of the poem’s key interpretational issues – that of the sense-of-life (the underlying implicit estimate of, attitude towards and feeling about existence) implied within it:
…for all its levity, the Metamorphoses has a grim and sombre side. Penetrating beneath Ovid’s fluent grace of language and versification, his charm of narrative, his wit and abundance of invention, his apt turning of rhetorical topoi, one finds a poem pervaded by violence, cruelty, and arbitrary suffering. How are we to evaluate these elements and what sort of “Weltanschauung” is implied in this polarity of urbanity and violence? These questions have not received sufficient attention. (p.1)
With the problem of understanding the Metamorphoses in mind, my aim in this study is to identify and explain, through an investigation into Ovid’s manner of story-telling within the poem, what kind of philosophical outlook on life (view of the universe and the individual’s relation to it) is inherent in the text, and consequently what kind of sense-of-life this outlook is the progenitor of and expresses. To tackle this topic I am examining the views found within the poem in relation to three of the main branches of philosophy: metaphysics, epistemology and ethics – areas which, together, broadly encompass nearly every branch of philosophy, and allow for a holistic view of the works’ implicit philosophical outlook. For the purpose of this investigation, I use the term metaphysics (which generally comes under the heading of epistemology – and indeed we will see presently that in this poem, characters’ ideas about metaphysics are tied to what they consider to be the sources of knowledge) to apply specifically to the branch of philosophy covering the nature of existence, of reality, the world, oneself, and one’s relationship to the universe (and the different forces active within it); epistemology to apply to the realm of knowledge, specifically, how it is acquired and certified – the status of concepts; and ethics to cover the realm of morality – the code of moral values by which one makes one’s choices in word and action. A summary of the results of this investigation, and an explanation of the sense-of-life associated with them, is given on pp.27-8.
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Tapia, Fernandez Maria Rosa. "The literary treatment of Catalan nationalism in six novels by Eduardo Mendoza, Juan Marsé, Nuria Amat, Enrique Vila-Matas and Manuel Vázquez Montalbán." 2004. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-707/index.html.
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Bindig, Lori B. "A new “era”: Media literacy in eating disorder treatment." 2009. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3379940.
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Seventy-four female participants took part in an experiment that investigated whether implementing a critical cultural studies media literacy (CCSML) curriculum would result in a decreased drive for thinness, a greater sense of empowerment, and a better grasp of media literacy for women in treatment for eating disorders at Hartford Hospital's Institute of Living (IOL). The treatment group (N=44) participated in weekly 50-minute sessions of the ERA (education-recognition-activism) curriculum, which was implemented in conjunction with traditional eating disorder treatment. The ERA curriculum utilized in this study consisted of a three-pronged approach to eating disorder treatment and was comprised of four lessons. The first session reviewed the five tenets of media literacy. In the second session participants explored media artifacts that trigger emotions that contribute to their eating disorders. During the third session participants performed a personal inventory during which they determined what they needed to do in order to have a healthy and fulfilling life. The fourth and final session asked participants to write a letter to a media figure or corporation that either undermines or promotes positive body image. The control group (N=30) consisted of individuals undergoing treatment at IOL who received the standard of care. Quantitative results revealed that while participants in the treatment group did demonstrate a greater level of media literacy, they did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in terms of a greater sense of empowerment or a decreased drive for thinness. Qualitative results reinforce the statistical findings that participants in the ERA curriculum did grasp the tenets of media literacy. Furthermore, the qualitative results suggest that participants valued and enjoyed the ERA curriculum.
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Boston, Patricia Helen. "Conflict, reciprocity and intimacy in medieval literary treatments of married life." Thesis, 1987. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/5785/1/ML35548.pdf.
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McInerney, Valentina. "Computer anxiety : assessment and treatment." Thesis, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/519.
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This thesis represents the results of studies designed to investigate computer anxiety among adult learners. The existence, nature and degree of computer anxiety were investigated with a sample of teacher trainees undertaking an introductory computer training course, and the impact of this course on the anxiety and cognitions of the students were studied. Another study focussed on the evaluation of the measure of computer anxiety used in this study with a view to the design of a new computer anxiety treatment. Results showed that computer anxiety is not necessarily dissipated by completing a computer course, and is correlated with gender, computer ownership and previous computer experience. A number of faculties with different student populations were studied, and computer anxiety was high within each. Interviews with computing course coordinators indicated a range of approaches to instructional design, beliefs about the extent and causes of computer anxiety, and ways of alleviating it. Two approaches derived from these interviews formed the basis of the design of this study, with instructional methods as the treatments and levels of computer anxiety and negative cognitions as the aptitudes. The sample comprised two, with the first group receiving traditional instruction while the second group received direct instruction plus metacognitive strategy training in self-questioning within a cooperative learning context. Achievement was significantly enhanced in the second group, and it was felt that metacognitive training was effective as a means of enhancing achievement and positive cognitions.
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Henninger, Kira Liese. "Exploring the relationship between factors of implementation, treatment integrity and reading fluency." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3409588.
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Treatment integrity has always had a presence in research, but now more than ever must become a priority owing to the changes in Special Education Law. The present study intends to explore the relationship between factors of implementation, treatment integrity of intervention implementation, and reading fluency. Participants included students in grades 2 through 5 and their teachers enrolled in an urban elementary school in the southwest area of the United States. Participants were chosen for possible inclusion on the basis of their fall performance relative to oral reading fluency on a universal screening measure used as part of the district’s Response to Intervention (RTI) plan. Classroom teachers were observed implementing reading interventions and asked to respond to surveys aimed at summarizing their opinions regarding factors related to choice of intervention and implementation. Path analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between two factors of implementation (intervention complexity and acceptability), treatment integrity (adherence to intervention protocol) and student outcomes (oral reading fluency scores). It was hypothesized that low scores for intervention complexity would be inversely related to levels of treatment integrity, which would subsequently be positively related to reading fluency. Moreover, it was hypothesized that intervention acceptability and treatment integrity would be positively related, which would subsequently be positively related to reading fluency. Lastly, it was hypothesized that there would be an inverse relationship between intervention complexity and reading fluency, and a positive relationship between intervention acceptability and reading fluency. Results indicated an inverse relationship between intervention complexity and treatment integrity, suggesting that when complexity was low, treatment integrity was high. A positive relationship was found between intervention acceptability and treatment integrity, suggesting that when acceptability was high, treatment integrity was high. Furthermore, when treatment integrity was high, reading fluency scores were found to be high. An inverse relationship was found between complexity and reading fluency, suggesting that when complexity was low, reading fluency scores were high. Lastly, a positive relationship was found between acceptability and reading fluency, suggesting that when acceptability was high, reading fluency scores were high.
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Navarra, Ann-Margaret. "Health Literacy and Adherence to Antiretroviral Treatment among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Youth." Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8JQ170H.
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Poor health literacy has been associated with a range of negative health outcomes and few studies have assessed the relationship between adolescent health literacy and health outcomes. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults with lower health literacy have suboptimal treatment adherence, but this association has not be examined in the adolescent HIV-infected population. Research incorporating more comprehensive models of health literacy including beliefs about HIV treatment may help to better define the connection between health literacy and adherence to HIV treatment. The primary objective of this study was to examine the association between health literacy, literacy, beliefs about medications, media use and adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected adolescents. Methods: Using a cross-sectional descriptive survey design, a convenience sample of 50 HIV-infected youth was recruited from four HIV clinical settings. The primary outcome was adherence to antiretroviral treatment and was measured with 3- day self reported adherence estimates. Instruments to measure the predictor variables of interest were the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA), Beliefs about Medication Scale (BAMS), Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine-teen version (REALM-teen), and media use was evaluated with a brief investigator-developed questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analyses using logistic regression were computed with the level of significance set to 0.05. Results: The sample population included 50 participants, ages 13-24 years (median age=20.4 years) either perinatally (n=40) or behaviorally (n=10) infected. The median and mean +SD self reported adherence estimates were 100% (range 0-100) and 86.0% + 26.92, respectively. Adherence estimates were highly correlated with HIV-viral load (Spearman's rho=-0.615, p=0.000). Adequate levels of health literacy were demonstrated in 80.0% (n=40) of youth. Below grade level reading was observed in 72.0% (n=36) of participants, despite 48.0 % (n=24) of the sample having completed high school and or currently enrolled in college. Common media devices (computer, internet access, DVD/VCR player, television, cable/satellite television) were reported in the homes of > 90.0% of youth and cellular phone ownership was reported in 46 of 50 (92.0%) participants. More than half of participating HIV-infected youth reported not spending any time reading offline (56.0%) or online (60.0%) and 74.0% reported going online during the preceding day. Using self reported 3-day adherence estimates (100% adherent, > 100% adherent) in a fitted logistic regression model, health literacy was not predictive of adherence (p=0.152). Participants with higher positive outcome expectancy scores were significantly more likely to have self reported adherence estimates of 100% (Adjusted OR=1.066, 95% CI=1.018-1.117) and the odds of 100% adherence was significantly lower among the 63.9% (23/36) of participants with below age level reading, compared to the 85.7% of youth (12/14) with > age level reading and 100% adherence (Adjusted OR=0.066, 95% CI=0.005-0.831). Conclusions: These finding provide support for the integration of beliefs into health literacy models with HIV-infected youth in the study of treatment adherence. Although health literacy was not associated with antiretroviral adherence in this study, this may have been explained by the small sample size, and additional research with a larger sample is needed to adequately describe this relationship. Considering the association of age level reading ability to antiretroviral adherence and the large percentage of youth with below grade level reading in this sample, this relationship warrants further exploration in this population. Finally media may offer the potential for new and improved methods to deliver health education, especially in HIV-infected youth with low literacy skills.
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Pho, Anthony T. "Human Papillomavirus Vaccination, Online Health Information Seeking, and Health Literacy among Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-e5am-9v36.
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BACKGROUND: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually-transmitted infection in the U.S. and is associated with a number of cancers. A vaccine that can prevent 90% of HPV-associated cancers has been available since 2006, yet millions of young adults remain unvaccinated. Low vaccination uptake has been observed in cisgender sexual minority communities and less is known about HPV vaccination among transgender and gender nonbinary (TGNB) people. The aims of this dissertation were: (a) to identify facilitators for and barriers to HPV vaccination among gender minority people; (b) to compare HPV vaccination rates, HPV risk and situational factors like barriers to care, access to care, preventive care, HPV knowledge and Internet use in a sample of TGNB people and cisgender sexual minority people; and (c) to explore the association of online health information and HPV vaccination receipt among TGNB people compared to cisgender sexual minority people and determine if eHealth Literacy or general health literacy moderate this relationship.
METHODS: The dissertation comprised three studies. First, an integrative review of the literature included searches of three electronic databases to identify and appraise studies that explore patient-, provider- and system-level HPV vaccination barriers among gender minority people. Second, guided by the Integrative Model of eHealth Use, a cross-sectional secondary analysis of The Population Research in Identities and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study Annual Questionnaire 2018-19, compared the rate of HPV vaccination among TGNB and cisgender sexual minority people and described situation factors (e.g., barriers to care, access to care, preventive care), Internet use, HPV knowledge, HPV risk, and HPV vaccination among these communities. Third, a novel cross-sectional online survey of TGNB and cisgender sexual minority participants recruited from The PRIDE Study, also guided by the Integrative Model of eHealth Use, explored the association between online health information seeking and receipt of HPV vaccine, and whether eHealth literacy and/or general health literacy moderate this relationship. Statistical methods for the cross-sectional studies included prevalence ratios (PR) using robust Poisson statistics and multivariable logistic regression with post hoc Bonferroni-Holm correction.
RESULTS: The integrative review identified six cross-sectional studies and one qualitative study that explored HPV vaccine barriers and facilitators among gender minority people. The majority of the studies included <10% gender minority participants. Key barriers to vaccination identified were misperceptions of risk at patient-level, bias towards vaccinating female assigned individuals at the provider-level and population effects of recommendations for girls-only at the policy-level. The cross-sectional secondary analysis of The PRIDE Study 2018-19 Annual Questionnaire and included N = 5,500 responses and found that: (a) the prevalence of ever receiving HPV vaccine was 1.2 times greater among TGNB participants than cisgender participants (PR 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.3); (b) the prevalence of ever receiving HPV vaccine was 2.4 times greater among transgender men who were assigned female at birth compared to transgender women who were assigned male at birth (PR 2.4; 95% CI, 2.0-2.8); and (c) no differences in vaccination initiation and vaccination completion based on gender identity, sex assigned at birth, sex organs born with, or current sex organs. The cross-sectional novel online survey of PRIDE participants yielded N = 3,258 responses (response rate 19.6%). After controlling for covariates including age, race/ethnicity and educational attainment, we found that TGNB as compared to cisgender participants had increased odds (aOR=1.5=; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2) of reporting receipt of HPV vaccine ever and decreased odds (aOR=0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9) of ever receiving of HPV vaccine when they looked for info on vaccines in the past year. Conversely, TGNB participants had over twice the odds (aOR=2.4; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6) of ever receiving HPV vaccine if they visited a social networking site like Facebook or Instagram in the past year. There were no moderating effects observed from eHealth or general health literacy.
CONCLUSIONS: TGNB communities are understudied in terms of HPV vaccination and the existing literature shows misperceptions about the need of HPV vaccination among TGNB communities at both the patient and provider level. TGNB participants were more likely to have ever received HPV vaccine compared to cisgender sexual minority participants in the cross-sectional secondary analysis of The PRIDE Study 2018-19 Annual Questionnaire which may be attributed to high primary engagement in the cohort. Finally, online health information seeking about vaccines was associated with decreased receipt of HPV vaccine (ever) whereas social media use increased HPV vaccine receipt (ever) among TGNB participants compared to cisgender sexual minority participants. These conflicting findings suggest that the quality of online health information relating HPV vaccines, how, when and why TGNB people search for health information online may affect health behaviors like HPV vaccination. More research is warranted to explore how online health information seeking may influence personal health decision-making among TGNB communities.
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WU, MEI-LAN, and 吳梅嵐. "An Investigation of Health Literacy, Leisure Activity, and Quality of Life among Post-Treatment in Breast Cancer Patients." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/334n6s.
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碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
護理研究所
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The purpose of the study is to: (1) understand the basic characteristics of breast cancer patients after treatment; (2) examine the treatment of breast cancer patients; (3) explore their leisure activities, health literacy, and quality of life; and (4) determine the impact of characteristics, leisure activities, and health literacy on the quality of life of breast cancer patients after treatment. The study, which involved 100 participants, uses a cross-sectional, correlational design and convenience sampling; a structured questionnaire for data collection, including demographic characteristics; as well as the THLS, Chinese IPAQ-Short form, Ragheb Leisure Behavior Scale, and SF-12 Scale. Data analysis included percentages, means, standard deviations, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson correlations, and multivariate regression analysis in regard to the predictors of quality of life. The findings: health literacy is above the standard; physical activity is at the highest level; leisure activity includes a greater emphasis on the mass media and social activities; and quality of life is lower for the PCS. The basic attributes of health literacy are education, employment, use of the Internet, and breast cancer stage. Leisure activities were significantly related to age, education, employment, the use of the Internet, and whether one engaged in regular exercise, smoking, or drinking. PCS is significantly related to regular exercise, whether one has an occupation or chronic disease, and the use anti-hormonal drugs. The MCS is significantly related to age, being ER-positive, whether one has a chronic disease, and regular exercise. The relationship between leisure activities and PCS was 0.203, indicating that the higher the participation in leisure activities, the higher the score for PCS.. Education, smoking, drinking, and regular exercise are related to the types of leisure activities engaged in. MCS is related to whether one has an occupation or chronic disease, regular exercise,. MCS is significantly related to regular exercise, whether one has an occupation or chronic disease, and the use anti-hormonal drugs. Health knowledge and leisure activities, as mediators, were not significantly related to quality of life. This results indicate that, for approximately five years after diagnosis, breast cancer survivors need special attention. Their quality of life is poor at the physical level, and they need to be encouraged to participate in leisure activities. Special attention needs to be paid to patients who have no occupation, who have a chronic disease, who do not regularly engage in exercise, and who have poor quality of life. Health literacy can be used in breast cancer screening or pre-treatment assessment, for which a low score is indicative of the need for intervention.
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Ngoatle, Charity. "Development and implementation of an educational programme to enhance health literacy on prescribed medication instruction among diabetes mellitus patients on treatment at Ga-Dikgale Village Clinics in Capricorn District, Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3364.
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Thesis (Ph.D.(Nursing Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2021Health literacy related to medication use or instructions is crucial to diabetes mellitus patients. The verbal or written instructions are given to diabetes mellitus patients regarding medication use is important to improve patient care, safety, and compliance to treatment. However, the information provided to diabetes mellitus patients regarding medication use is not known as they continue to experience complications. The study aimed to develop and implement an educational programme, to enhance health literacy on prescribed medication instructions among diabetes mellitus patients on treatment at Ga-Dikgale village clinics in Capricorn District, Limpopo Province. The objectives of the study were to explore the knowledge, and practices of diabetes mellitus patients on treatment. Thus, to describe the provided information regarding prescribed medication usage contained in the diabetes mellitus medication packaging, medicine leaflets, and prescriptions. Therefore, to also describe the effects of poor health literacy on prescribed medication instructions among diabetes mellitus patients on treatment at Ga- Dikgale village clinics in Capricorn District, Limpopo Province. Data were collected using a mixed-method approach and a mixed-method sampling technique was used to select 18 participants for the qualitative strand. Whereas, there were 137 respondents for the quantitative strand. Tesch’s proposed eight steps to analyse the data were adopted to analyse the qualitative data and SSPS version 25 was used for analysing quantitative data. The results showed the following findings: patients lack knowledge about diabetes as a disease, misinterpret medication instructions, and are noncompliant to the treatment. This non-compliance is intensified by negligence and poor comprehension of medication instructions. As a result, to help diabetes mellitus patients with compliance with diabetes treatment, ongoing implementation of the educational programme should be instituted. The Limpopo’s Department of Health has to offer in-service vii education to the health professionals, who dispense medications on the interpretation of medication instructions. The high school curriculum is ought to incorporate health literacy to prescribe medication instructions.
National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS) and South African Humanities Deans Association (SAHUDA)
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Lee, Ping-Hsueh, and 李秉學. "Investigating the association between health literacy and life-sustaining treatment preferences of residents in coastal area in midland of Taiwan." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kc9xpg.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
醫學教育暨生醫倫理研究所
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Background The decision of life-sustaining treatment(LST) remains an important issue in end-of-life care. Whether or not treatments conformed to a terminal patient’s expressed will deeply influence quality of end-of-life care. The Patient Autonomy Act will be launched in near future, which pushed everyone to think the goal of medical care he/she wished in certain difficult situations, including persistent vegetative state (PVS), severe dementia, deep coma, terminal diseases and intolerable suffering. Health literacy was related to willingness to sign advance directives (AD). It was also related to the type and quality of doctor-patient communication. Up to now no study depict the choices of general population in situations mentioned in Patient Autonomy Act in Taiwan. In addition, few studies investigate the associations between LST preferences and possibly related factors, including health literacy. Objective Through questionnaire, the objective of the study is to investigate the picture of end-of-life values in general population, as well as their LST choices in situations described in Patient Autonomy Act. The study also aimed at investigating the association between LST preferences and possibly related factors, including health literacy. Method In the questionnaire, we listed several end-of-life values for respondents to evaluate and rank. We used Short-form Mandarin Health Literacy Scale to measure respondents’ health literacy. We used modified Life Support Preferences Questionnaire (LSPQ) to attain respondents’ end-of-life preferences. Four situations (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, severe dementia, permanent vegetative state and terminal cancer) and 7 LST (antibiotics, nasogastric tube, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, gall bladder surgery, intubation with mechanical ventilation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation) were included in the modified LSPQ. Basic demographic data were collected in the end of the questionnaire. We used convenience sampling method to collect our data in the serving area of a regional teaching-hospital in middle Taiwan. All respondents completed the questionnaire independently without language aid. Result One hundred and seventy-eight valid questionnaires were obtained, with a response rate of 99.99%. The top-three rated end-of-life issues were：whether clear consciousness could be regained after a LST, whether mobility could be recovered after a LST and if the resulting condition after a LST caused heavy financial burden. Compared to men, women respondents put more emphasis on the issue of causing financial burden after a LST. Respondents’ preferences varied through 4 clinical situations and 7 LSTs：The worse the consciousness in clinical situations and the shorter life expectancy, the more likely a respondent to refuse a LST. Also, the more invasive a LST was, the more likely a respondent to refuse it. In univariate analysis, health literacy was significantly related to gender, education, marital status, occupations, and religion；LST preferences were significantly related to gender, number of children and health literacy. All the eight variables mentioned above were put into the multivariate logistic regression model, which revealed：LST preferences were significantly associated with gender, number of children, education level, religion, occupation and health literacy. In certain situation with specific treatment option, respondents who were woman, having more than 2 children and with higher education level were more likely to refuse a LST. As to health literacy, in situations of severe dementia and permanent vegetative state, respondents with higher health literacy score were more likely to refuse intubation with mechanical ventilation(Odds Ratio：0.758，95%CI：0.59~0.972, p=0.029；0.751，95%CI：0.578~0.976, p=0.032, respectively). The likelihood of which a respondent choose a LST decreased by 25%~30% with every score increased in health literacy scale. Other demographic data, such as age, marital status, family income, depression, quality of life, comorbidity and prior experience of a LST were not significantly associated with all LST preferences in any situations in our study. Conclusion LST preferences varied with clinical situations and type of LST. Gender, number of children, religion, occupation and health literacy were significantly related to LST preferences. Physicians should pay attentions to these factors when he/she encountered an end-of-life decision-making. Health care institutions should allocate more resources in developing effective communication tools for subjects with low health literacy, to achieve better quality in end-of-life decision making process.
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Hetherton, Mary Beth. "Treatment of foundational reading skills through telepractice and face-to-face environments: Single subject design." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3603098.
Full textAbstract:
Service delivery and the access to specialized instructions to consumers, encounters many barriers within the profession of speech-language pathology. This state of affairs is largely due to the disparate distribution of speech language services (ASHA, 2005). This restricted access, or an inability to access services, is a result of a number of factors, which include lack of clinicians, insufficient number of facilities in geographic area, and transportation issues (ASHA, 2004e). As a result, students who require specialized reading instruction are not afforded the opportunity to access the necessary treatment. It is essential that the literacy needs of all children be addressed, including those who require specialized instruction (Foorman & Torgesen, 2001; Allington, 1994). Technology, specifically telepractice, is a potential solution to address this dilemma. The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of systematic multisensory reading treatment for students who have been identified with a delay in foundational reading skills, addressing foundational reading skills via an internet-based video conferencing system. The results will establish the groundwork for the efficacy, reliability, and validity of internet-based video conferencing as a means of service delivery for foundational reading skills. The foundational reading skills targeted in this study are letter naming knowledge (LNK), letter sound knowledge (LSN) and decoding.
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Yaser, Anisa. "Mental health literacy of resettled Afghan refugees in Australia : an exploration of how resettled refugees understand post-traumatic stress disorder and its treatment." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:44306.
Full textAbstract:
Resettled refugees are at high risk of trauma-related mental health problems, yet there is low uptake of mental health care in this population. Evidence suggests poor mental health literacy (MHL) may be a major factor influencing help-seeking behaviour among individuals with mental health problems. This study sought to examine the MHL of resettled Afghan refugees in Adelaide, South Australia. Specifically, levels of problem recognition, beliefs about severity of problem, beliefs about helpfulness of treatment and treatment providers, help-seeking behaviours and stigmatising attitudes were measured. Further, associations between specific aspects of MHL as outlined above, and individuals‘ demographic characteristics (e.g. age, gender, religion, and ethnicity) and symptom levels were examined.
Methods: Face-to-face interviews using a validated protocol were conducted with 150 participants (74 males, mean age = 32.8 years, SD = 12.2). A culturally appropriate vignette describing a fictional person suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was presented, followed by a series of questions addressing participants‘ knowledge and understanding of the nature and treatment of the problem described. Self-report measures of PTSD symptoms and co-morbid psychopathology were also administered. Follow-up qualitative interviews, with the aim of gaining a richer, in-depth and inductive understanding of participants‘ MHL, were conducted with 24 of these participants (13 females, aged 18-46).
Results: Thirty-one per cent of the participants identified the problem depicted in the vignette as PTSD, while 26% believed that the main problem was ―fear‖. Eighteen per cent of participants believed that ―getting out and about more/finding some new hobbies‖ would be the most helpful form of treatment for the problem described, followed by ―improving their diet‖ and ―getting more exercise‖ (16%). A majority reported that they would utilise more introspective activities such as reading the Koran and prayers. In terms of treatment, approximately a third chose readily available remedies, primarily ―over-the-counter‖ non-pharmaceuticals, including vitamins, minerals and herbal medicine. As with other informal help-seeking pursuits, life style choices allowed for a measure of privacy. If deemed necessary, participants elected to see a psychiatrist (43.3%) rather than a general practitioner (15.3%) or psychologist (14.7%). A family member was considered the least favourable option. Participants recognised that the most likely cause of the problem in the vignette was coming from a war-torn country (31.3%), followed by equal numbers who stated that experiencing traumatic events (20.7%) and family problems (20.7%) were the most likely causes. Half of the participants felt that the problem would be very distressing and very difficult to treat. Interestingly more than half reported that they would be sympathetic towards someone experiencing this problem but believed that others would discriminate against the individual.
Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews confirmed that many participants clearly identified the following as contributing to their mental illness: trauma as a consequence of pre-arrival exposure to war and persecution, loss of loved ones, ongoing persecution as an ethnic minority, and loss of identity. These difficulties were further complicated by post-arrival challenges associated with learning a new language and finding employment, which prevented them from feeling part of the wider Australian community and contributed to a sense of disconnectedness. Participants implied that they were sensitive to the possible criticism of others if they sought help for mental illness. They noted the presence of shame, humiliation, stigma and fear of gossip within the community, which created barriers to help-seeking. More specifically, the fear of being the subject of gossip led participants to avoid treatment, which further exacerbated the mental illness. Some participants preferred to seek help outside the family, preferring their general practitioner, who would protect their privacy. This secrecy appeared to protect attendees from the associated stigma and shame. A substantial portion described how their religion and their faith in God were effective coping mechanisms. Others described religion as a source of oppression. Conclusion: This is, to our knowledge, the first systematic study of MHL undertaken within the Afghan refugee community.
The results demonstrate aspects of MHL that appear to be specific to Afghan refugees who have resettled in Australia. They indicate the need for health promotion, early intervention programs, and mental health services, to recognise that variation in MHL may be a function of both the cultural origin of the refugee population and their resettlement country. Such recognition is needed in order to bridge the gap between Western, biomedical models of mental health care and the knowledge and beliefs of resettled refugee populations. Therefore, further research should explore how best to tailor and develop educational and health/psycho-social intervention programs.
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Štekláčová, Anna. "Optimalizace indikací chirurgického a endovaskulárního ošetření intrakraniálních aneurysmat." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-388703.
Full textAbstract:
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Autoreferát disertační práce Optimalizace indikací chirurgického a endovaskulárního ošetření intrakraniálních aneurysmat Anna Štekláčová 2018 2 Doktorské studijní programy v biomedicíně Univerzita Karlova v Praze a Akademie věd České republiky Obor: Neurovědy Předseda oborové rady: Prof. MUDr. Karel Šonka, DrSc. Školicí pracoviště: Neurochirurgická a neuroonkologická klinika 1. LF UK a ÚVN, Praha Školitel: Prof. MUDr. Vladimír Beneš, DrSc. Disertační práce bude nejméně pět pracovních dnů před konáním obhajoby zveřejněna k nahlížení veřejnosti v tištěné podobě na Oddělení pro vědeckou činnost a zahraniční styky Děkanátu 1. lékařské fakulty. 3 Obsah Abstrakt - Česky ..................................................................................... 4 Abstract - English ................................................................................... 5 Úvod........................................................................................................ 6 Hypotézy a cíle studie............................................................................. 6 Materiál a metody ................................................................................... 7 Výsledky...
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Mariano, Torres Marco Antonio. "Nivel de lectura de los usuarios de la Biblioteca Pública Central Delegacional de Tlalpan." Thesis, 2019. http://eprints.rclis.org/38579/1/MARCO%20ANTONIO%20MARIANO%20TORRES%202019.pdf.
Full text
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Teixeira, Ana Manuela Fazendeiro. "Associação entre consumo excessivo de açúcar e problemas de saúde: Perceções de peritos versus não-peritos." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/19332.
Full textAbstract:
Contrariamente às recomendações da OMS, cerca de um em cada quatro adultos portugueses ingere diariamente uma quantidade de açúcares livres superior a 10% do consumo total de energia. Tal consumo tem vindo a ser associado às mais prevalentes causas de morte e incapacidade a nível mundial, assim como a maior risco de doenças não transmissíveis, excesso de peso, obesidade e cáries. Dado que os profissionais de saúde e nutrição desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento de políticas e intervenções ao nível dos comportamentos alimentares saudáveis, além de serem figuras fundamentais na prestação de cuidados de saúde primários, torna-se relevante examinar as suas perceções acerca do consumo de açúcar. Para tal aplicámos um questionário online a uma amostra de mulheres portuguesas (n = 457, MIdade = 37.33, DP = 11.57) com profissões relacionadas com saúde e nutrição (18.60%) ou não relacionadas com estas áreas (81.40%). Para além de acedermos ao seu nível de literacia nutricional, também medimos um conjunto de variáveis relacionadas com o consumo de açúcar e suas consequências. Os resultados de duas tarefas demonstram que os problemas de saúde mais frequentemente associados ao consumo excessivo de açúcar são diabetes, excesso de peso/ obesidade e problemas cardiovasculares e de saúde dentária. Em geral, o padrão de associações é independente da área profissional das participantes. As peritas versus não-peritas obtiveram resultados mais elevados em termos de literacia nutricional, importância atribuída à redução do consumo de açúcar, facilidade na identificação e compreensão de açúcares livres e consciência de ingestão de açúcares.Contrary to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, about one in four portuguese adults consum a daily amount of free sugars superior to 10% of total energy intake. Such consumption has been associated with the most prevalent causes of death and disability worldwide as well as an higher risk of noncommunicable diseases, overweight, obesity and dental caries. Since health and nutrition professionals play a key role in politics development and interventions on healthy eating behaviors, besides of being key figures in the provision of primary health care, becomes relevant to examine their perceptions about sugar consumption. For this, we applied an online questionnaire to a sample of portuguese women (n = 457, Mage = 37.33, DP = 11.57) with health and nutrition related professions (18.60%) or not related to these areas (81.40%). In addition of access their level of nutritional literacy, we also measure a set of variables related with sugar consumption and its consequences. The results of two tasks show that health problems most often associated with excessive sugar consumption are diabetes, overweight and obesity, cardiovascular and dental health problems. In general, the pattern of associations is independent of participants’ professional area. Experts versus non-experts obtained higher results in terms of nutritional literacy, importance attached to reduce sugar consumption, easy identification and understanding of free sugars and sugar ingestion consciousness.
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Vaccarino, Franco Angelo. "An analytical perspective on language learning in adult basic education and training programmes." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16238.
Full textAbstract:
The Directorate of Adult Education and Training of the national Department of Education
views Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) not merely as literacy, but as the general
conceptual foundation towards lifelong learning and development. This includes knowledge,
skills, and attitudes which are needed for social, economic and political participation and
transformation. These skills will assist learners in becoming more active participants in their
communities, their workplaces and contribute towards the development of South Africa.
This study aims to examine whether ABET programmes prepare learners to acquire the
language which is needed to achieve this objective. It falls within one of the eight learning
areas defined by the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), namely the language,
literacy and communication learning area. In order to research the effectiveness of learning
within this area, it is important to analyse the interaction which takes place within a
classroom; the type of questions both educators and learners ask; the type of errors learners
make in the classroom; and how the educators treat these errors. What is also of paramount
importance is whether the language skills learnt in the classroom are transferred to outside
the classroom.
To examme this, various authors' views on classroom interaction; questions; errors;
treatment of errors; and evaluating the effectiveness of learning are presented. Instruments
were designed to analyse these aspects within an ABET programme, and include:
• the framework used to undertake the classroom interaction analysis,
• the instrument used to explore the type of questions educators and learners ask in
the classroom,
• how an error analysis is used to identify typical learners' errors which occur
frequently,
• the methodology used to uncover how educators treat their learners' errors, and
• the various stakeholders' questionnaires which were used to ascertain the
effectiveness of learning at an ABET Centre.
The research findings are presented and interpreted in order to provide recommendations for
the development of language learning and teaching within the ABET field. The findings also
gave rise to recommendations for classroom practices for ABET educators, and particularly
the need for educator training and development. Recommendations for curriculum designers
of ABET materials are also presented.Educational Studies
D. Ed. (Philosophy of Education)