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Journal articles on the topic 'Literary style and technique'
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1
RAND, WILLIAM. "MARKOV MODELS OF LITERARY STYLE FOR AUTHORSHIP IDENTIFICATION." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 02, no. 04 (December 2002): L299—L303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477502000890.
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The author introduces a statistical model of literary style that allows for the authorship question to be examined. This model uses Markov modeling to examine underlying patterns in pieces of literature. Different methods for comparing these models are examined. The methods are then applied to an experiment involving the authorship of 16th century sonnets. Finally suggestions for improving on this technique are discussed.
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Cannon, Christopher. "From Literacy to Literature: Elementary Learning and the Middle English Poet." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 3 (May 2014): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.3.349.
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Literary practice may be more deeply shaped by basic literacy training than we have noticed. This is particularly true for English writers of the late fourteenth century, when the constant movement out of Latin into English in schoolrooms both ensured that translation exercises became a method for making vernacular poetry and demonstrated that English had a grammar of its own. As the most basic grammatical concepts and the simplest exercises of literacy training evolved into resources for literary technique, the style of writers such as Chaucer, Langland, and Gower became “grammaticalized.” For this reason, a more detailed understanding of the forms of pedagogy employed in grammar schools can be equivalent to a genealogy of the important elements of a style.
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Bryant, Stacy. "Teaching Authorial Style and Literary Technique: Exemplo XI of El Conde Lucanor." Hispania 99, no. 2 (2016): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2016.0036.
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Egbert, Jesse. "Style in nineteenth century fiction." Scientific Study of Literature 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 167–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ssol.2.2.01egb.
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Recent years have seen substantial advances in ‘corpus stylistics’, which is the use of corpora and computational techniques to study literary style. Corpus stylistics has produced analyses of otherwise imperceptible features of literary style. However, studies in corpus stylistics have rarely considered the full set of core linguistic features. The present study explores literary style through the application of Multi-Dimensional analysis. Stylistic variation along three dimensions is accounted for using a large, principled corpus of fiction. The dimensions of variation are interpreted as ‘Thought Presentation versus Description’, ‘Abstract Exposition versus Concrete Action’, and ‘Dialogue versus Narrative’. These three dimensions are then used to compare the styles of nineteenth-century fiction between authors, and the range of stylistic variation among the novels of individual authors. The findings are interpreted qualitatively and with reference to previous analyses of author style.
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Basara, Kurniawan, Sri Suryana Dinar, and Hilaluddin Hanafi. "ANALISIS GAYA BAHASA DALAM NOVEL SEBUAH USAHA MELUPAKAN KARYA BOY CANDRA." Jurnal Bastra (Bahasa dan Sastra) 5, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.36709/jb.v5i2.13989.
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Abstract : This research examines the language style in Boy Candra's novel An Usaha Forgetting. A novel is a literary work whose medium is language. language is a very important support tool for authors. Every author is not the same in utilizing the treasures of language in his work because language to develop stories in order to attract the attention of readers of complex stories does not have to be presented with complex language, but complex stories can be made interesting by utilizing the best possible language in the works of literature especially. novel. The language style used by the author is in accordance with the author's skill in playing the language in the delivery of the story, whether it is conveyed in a complex manner, the meaning is that it is easy to understand by the reader. With one reading, the reader already knows what the story is, or does the author use analogical or figurative language. So that to understand the story, the reader must also imagine like the novels by Boy Candra. The formulation of the problem in this study are: what language styles are used in Boy Candra's novel An Usaha Forgetting ?. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the style of language in Boy Candra's novel An Effort to Forget. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data source used in this research is Boy Candra's novel An Usaha Forgetting. The data collection technique used the reading note technique. The analysis technique uses a structural approach. The results of the analysis show that there are four types of comparative language styles, namely: (1) metaphorical language style, (2) personified language style, (3) personified language style (4) antithesis language style. Then the disagreement language style shows that there is one type of language style, namely hyperbole language style. Keywords: analysis, language style, novel
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Shaw, Patrick W., and JoAnn Middleton. "Willa Cather's Modernism: A Study of Style and Technique." American Literature 63, no. 2 (June 1991): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2927183.
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김아름. "Literary Technique, Description,Style of Korean Modern Novels;Opportunities and limitations in the 1920s." Journal of East Aisan Cultures ll, no. 56 (February 2014): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.16959/jeachy..56.201402.347.
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Hickey, Leo D., Rosa Lorés, Hilaria Loya-Gómez, and Antonio Gil de Carrasco. "A Pragmastylistic Aspect of Literary Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 39, no. 2 (January 1, 1993): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.39.2.03hic.
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Entre la décision d'un traducteur de traiter des informations "données" dans une culture comme si elles l'étaient nécessairement aussi dans une autre, ce qui peut créer un problème pour un lecteur de la traduction qui ne possède pas ces informations, et la décision de les expliciter au moyen de phrases complètes, ce qui peut créer un problème stylistique en changeant radicalement le style du texte d'origine, nous suggérons que, dans certains cas du moins, il sera possible d'encoder ce qui est déjà connu dans la culture d'origine, mais inconnu dans la culture de la traduction, en ayant recours à la présupposition. Cette technique consiste à ajouter des détails, mais d'une manière qui suppose qu'ils sont vrais et sans les expliciter. La présupposition, donc, peut se comporter comme quelque chose qui se situe entre le silence de l'information donnée et l'explication complète de l'information nouvelle qui risque de détruire le style équilibré du texte d'origine.
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Wijitsopon, Raksangob. "A Corpus-Based Study of the Style in Jane Austen’s Novels." MANUSYA 16, no. 1 (2013): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01601003.
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While a corpus linguistic technique has been applied to various studies in text and discourse analysis, it has not been much adopted in stylistic analysis of literary texts. The present study, therefore, applies a corpus-driven approach to Jane Austen’s six major novels, in order to see how well this new method works with literary texts, compared with what has been observed in previous studies of Jane Austen’s language. It has been found that the corpus-driven approach can provide quite a few results that are useful in supporting and refining literary scholars’ intuitive observations on the author’s works. Some of the linguistic patterns derived from the comparative corpusdriven method have not been remarked on before in any previous studies and hence can serve as new textual evidence in the study of Jane Austen’s writing style. Despite such great potential for the study of style in literary works, it is suggested that the analyst’s knowledge and understanding of the text(s) under study is crucial in interpreting and evaluating those results because the corpus-driven approach to literary texts relies heavily on quantitative data.
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Fragola, Anthony. "Surrealism Revisited: Style and Technique in Robbe-Grillet'sLa Belle CaptiveandEden and After." Symposium: A Quarterly Journal in Modern Literatures 43, no. 4 (December 1989): 260–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397709.1990.10733690.
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Anderson, J. K. "(D.) Gera Xenophon's Cyropaedia: style, genre and literary technique. Oxford UP, 1993. Pp. xii + 348. £40." Journal of Hellenic Studies 115 (November 1995): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/631677.
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Hoover, David L. "Altered Texts, Altered Worlds, Altered Styles." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 13, no. 2 (May 2004): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947004041970.
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This article uses text alteration to illuminate literary style, the creation of the fictional world within literary texts, and the connections between textual features and interpretation. After briefly examining some previous uses of this technique, it discusses some recent work on how the world of the text is created and understood and then argues that altering texts can help us to understand text world creation and mind style. A series of changes of different kinds in the opening paragraph of Henry James’s The Ambassadors illustrates some of the uses of text alteration in the characterization of authorial style. The results are sometimes surprising and suggest that making focused alterations in texts can be an effective analytic tool for stylistic study more generally. Finally, I briefly re-examine the question of the connection between stylistic features and interpretation through the lens of text alteration.
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Alli, Oyedokun, and Wasiu Ademola. "A Linguistic (Stylistic) Reading of Ideological Discourse in Festus Iyayi’s Violence, The Contract and Heroes." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.1p.129.
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This paper undertakes, through the prism of linguistic (stylistic) analysis, a reading of the ideological discourse in Festus Iyayi’s novels- Violence, The Contract, and Heroes, with the broad aim of establishing the nexus between literature and ideology, through the instrumentation of language, for societal transformation. The paper explores the symbiotic relationship between language and literature and how the former is used in the study and understanding of the latter. Attempt is made to identify the patterns of use of language with reference to the purpose of commenting on quality, the exegesis and interpretative meanings of the text. The scaffold upon which our analysis is anchored is the Marxist literary criticism based on socialist and dialectical theories. It is the contention of the Marxist theorists that literary works are a reflection of the social institutions from which they originate. Terry Eagleton has affirmed that Marxist criticism “is not merely sociology of literature” but paying attention to its forms, style and meaning with a view to grasping those forms, style and meaning “as the products of a particular history. In all, four major literary tools-narrative technique, lexical choice, dialogue and authorial comments are deployed as indices for our analytical framework, using the Critical Discourse Analysis. What is apparent is that no success can be achieved in the reading and understanding of a literacy text without a manifest use of language.
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حسین, عطا رشید. "بنیاتی ڕووداو له دهقی شانۆیی (هاڤاڵی بهئهمهگ) ی (میدیا زهندی) دا." Journal of University of Raparin 6, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 494–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(6).no(2).paper26.
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Abstract:
This paper gives a detailed introduction to create the structure of event. Finally, We can conclude the following points:
-Narration is an important point of this play ,in other words ,narrator's role to practite the style of the writer and her ideology in this text .
-The techniques of Narration clarify all events as a classical style (series).
-The elements of the text are (time , location , characters , event,…).It is well known that event of text is the most important element to create an artistic play. In addition, the event simplifies the hidden points of the play and life.
-The writer narrates serial events using a simple poetic language to convince the readers about social and real events. This is not a weak point of this play but the simple language is necessity of this text.
-The dramatist (writer) could use the technique of drama to express her poetie aim (i.e Literary and Artistic) elements in the same text (play).
-The events of plot in this text, both sides (main events and secondary events)are quoted from people's daily life mixing realism and imagination. In this way, the dramatist uses a real poetic style to express
Social problems in society,it means all elements have been accomplished in dramatist's mentality and her imagination as a literary style and fantastic text.
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Dawsey, J. "The Literary Unity of Luke-Acts: Questions of Style – a Task for Literary Critics." New Testament Studies 35, no. 1 (January 1989): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688500024498.
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Joseph Tyson's The Death of Jesus in Luke-Acts and Robert Tannehill's The Narrative Unity of Luke-Acts, published in 1986, are good examples of the interpretive wealth being mined by scholars who are adopting literary-critical methods for approaching the Lukan writings. What most distinguishes these critics' approaches from older, more familiar ones is the claim that the Bible's historical narratives are imaginative re-enactments of history – thus, in form, more akin to fiction than to theology, biography, or history. Robert Alter called the Biblical stories ‘historicized fiction’, meaning in our case that the author of Luke and Acts employed the artifices of fiction-writing, among others, supplying feeling and motives and creating speeches and dialogue for his characters. Professors Tyson and Tannehill, and other literary scholars like them, are helping us better discern how these techniques were used in Luke and Acts, thus opening new windows to the characters, the way that the author ascribes intentions to them, the plot, themes, nuances, points of view, uses of irony, and word-plays and associations in the writings.
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Fadli, Zaki Ainul, and Dewi Kusmiati. "Gaya Bahasa Pada Lirik Lagu Spirits Of The Sea Karya Kenshi Yonezu." KIRYOKU 4, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v4i1.1-6.
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(Title: Stylistics on Song Lyrics Spirits of the Sea by Kenshi Yonezu) Lyrics of the song are an outpouring of the author's personal feelings and contain various meanings based on the style of language used. The style of language in a literary work is known as the 'stylistics'. In this regard, this research trying to find out the stylistic elements (language style) contained in the lyrics of Spirits of the Sea by Kenshi Yonezu. The theory used is the style theory by Gorys Keraf. In conducting this research, the author uses qualitative methods. Data processing techniques used are literature review and analysis techniques. Data obtained by reading the lyrics of the song Spirits of the Sea by Kenshi Yonezu. Through library research methods and analysis techniques, the results and conclusions obtained in the form of qualitative data is description and interpretation, namely the style of language based on the choice of words used and the style of language based on the sentence structure in the lyrics. Besides, there are several types of language styles based on the direct or indirect meaning in the lyrics of the song Spirits of the Sea by Kenshi Yonezu such as personification, hyperbole, etc.
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Краснюк, Л. В., М. В. Матрофайло, and О. М. Троян. "ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ АВТОРСЬКОЇ КОЛЕКЦІЇ ЖІНОЧОГО ОДЯГУ В ЕКО-СТИЛІ ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ ОЗДОБЛЕННЯ В ТЕХНІЦІ ВИБІЙКИ." Art and Design, no. 3 (December 11, 2018): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2617-0272.2018.3.9.
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The development and production of the author couture collection using the printing technique based on the analysis and application of the main eco-style features as well as on the research of the physical and mechanical properties of natural materials with linen fibers. The basic principles of the systematic approach to design development of the author collection, such as literary-analytical research, morphological analysis, figurative and associative stylization of the source of creativity, were used in the process. The properties of materials were researched by means of standard techniques.
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Шило, Т., and T. Shilo. "Teaching Elementary Schoolchildren to Work with Scientific Style Texts." Primary Education 7, no. 4 (September 10, 2019): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d639deccaf097.49852254.
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The article addresses an urgent problem regarding the work on scientific style texts in a modern elementary school. Regarding the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education for the subject results of mastering the basic educational program in literary reading, the need for teaching younger schoolchildren how to interpret and analyze not only literary text, but also popular scientific and academic texts is noted. The author presents the characteristic features and differences of these two areas of scientific style texts. On specific examples, methods and techniques of working with popular scientific and educational texts are disclosed.
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Шило, Т., and T. Shilo. "Teaching Elementary Schoolchildren to Work with Scientific Style Texts." Primary Education 7, no. 5 (November 14, 2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db0027c457fd7.18776537.
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The article addresses an urgent problem regarding the work on scientific style texts in a modern elementary school. Regarding the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education for the subject results of mastering the basic educational program in literary reading, the need for teaching younger schoolchildren how to interpret and analyze not only literary text, but also popular scientific and academic texts is noted. The author presents the characteristic features and differences of these two areas of scientific style texts. On specific examples, methods and techniques of working with popular scientific and educational texts are disclosed.
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De Jong, Irene J. F. "The Subjective Style in Odysseus' Wanderings." Classical Quarterly 42, no. 1 (May 1992): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000983880004252x.
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In his celebrated article on the narrative technique of Odysseus' Wanderings (‘Ich-Erzählungen’) W. Suerbaum concludes that this character's narration is not essentially (‘wesentlich’) different from that of the primary narrator of theOdyssey(p. 163). Even though Odysseus is a first-person narrator and hence is subject to certain restrictions, these are almost completely counterbalanced by hisex eventuknowledge. For example, he can even report a conversation which took place on Olympus (12.376–88), because it was afterwards reported to him by Calypso, who heard it from Hermes (12.389–90). He can also tell what went on in the minds of his companions (10.415–17), because they later told him what they had felt (10.419–21). Suerbaum's conclusion is shared by M. Fusillo (‘Ulysse contrôle toujours une vision panoramique avec focalisation zéro et ne la concentre pas en lui-même comme personnage’) and A. Heubeck, p. 11 (‘the form in which Odysseus is made to tell his story is entirely in harmony with the narrative style elsewhere’).
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Habash, Martha. "DIONYSOS' ROLES IN ARISTOPHANES' FROGS." Mnemosyne 55, no. 1 (2002): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852502753776920.
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In Frogs Aristophanes both tests new parameters of Old Comedy and also strengthens existing ones. From the start, Dionysos is preoccupied with literary technique, style, and content. While Dionysos is a common and suitable figure in Old Comedy, the poet is not satisfied just to explore the comic possibilities of god qua comic hero/actor. Instead, Aristophanes has Dionysos exchange acting and festival roles while remaining visibly as the god Dionysos, and thereby essentially celebrate his own festival. As such, the god by playing the various roles of the participants of his festival provides unity to the seemingly disparate structure of the play. Furthermore, by bringing the patron of drama onto the stage in this comedy so concerned with literary techniques and merit, Aristophanes adds some authority to his own ideas, spoken or enacted by the god in his various roles, concerning literature.
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Ledwina, Anna. "Le manque en tant que métaphore de l’écriture : de l’indicible et du mot-absence chez Marguerite Duras." Quêtes littéraires, no. 1 (December 30, 2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/ql.4648.
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Marguerite Duras’s works deal with the problems typical of the literary studies in the second half of the twentieth century: presence and absence, abandoning chronological order of events, and eroticism. This article analyses her literary technique, including text fragmentation and elliptical style. The author searches for appropriate means of expression, often using silence and loneliness in keeping with her vision of absence attributed to women, kept silent by the dominant culture. Omissions in the narrative emphasise the inexpressible, beyond rational. Absence is meaningful, e.g. the missing photograph in The Lover. Absence also implies a desire to change and to write. Duras shows the problem in the context of a hidden image and an act of creation. The missing word alludes to a search of self. The author grasps complexity and diversity of absence. It is part of the theme, style, and text structure, emphasising the limitations of the language and the powerlessness of the protagonist.
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Desch-Obi, T. J. "The Art of Caucaseco: An Afro-Colombian Fight Book." Acta Periodica Duellatorum 8, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/apd-2020-010.
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While most fight books were presumably written by elites or socially-honoured martial classes, this article will explore a fight book of an Afro-Colombian martial arts style that emerged just six years after the abolition of slavery. The Afro-Colombian martial arts of grima emerged in the Cauca region during the era of slavery and trained its exponents to fight using the machete, azagaya, or unarmed body as weapons. Over the course of the second half of the nineteenth century, grima began to proliferate into over thirty unique styles, each with its own special choreographies and approaches to combat. As these styles multiplied, so too did the literary genre of grima manuscripts called cartillas de malicia, which recorded each style’s techniques, pedagogy, and lineage. This article explores the historical context and purpose of a single cartilla de malicia in the grima style. This cartilla de malicia was of a style from the Caucaseco region of the Cauca, which was developed in 1858 and existed for well over a century.
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Obaid, Zara, Muhammad Asim Mahmood, Javed Iqbal, and Maryam Zahoor. "Discourse Presentation as an Index of Style: A Comparative Corpus Stylistic Analysis of Self and Other Translators." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n1p119.
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This study aims to explore the style of other and self-translators in comparison with non-translated texts, assuming discourse presentation as an indicator of style. Theoretically, other and self-translators are considered different in their translation style. The reason is that self-translators enjoy more liberty and authority over the source text as compared to other-translators (Bozkurt, 2014; Cordingley, 2013). However, practically, previous studies have explored either the style of self-translators (Ehrlich, 2009) or other-translators (Saldanha, 2011). None of the studies has provided a comparison among these types. The current study is a pioneer in establishing general styles of self and other-translators. It explores three categories of literary texts i.e., by self-translators, other-translators and by Pakistani writers. Each category further comprises of three representative texts. They are, then, processed through AntConc 3.4.4 and tagged manually. The model of speech, writing and thought presentation proposed by Semino & Short (2004) based on Leech & Short’s (1981) model is used, as it encompasses all the presentation techniques employed in literary texts. Frequencies acquired through tagging are then normalized and results are presented in the form of graphs. Findings of the research reveal that both other and self-translators are character-oriented in their style. However, other-translators are more objective and reader-oriented with less interference from the narrator. In contrast, self-translators are more subjective with more intervention from the narrator. These results are significant for further researches concerning self and other-translators.
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Haryana, Ratih Dewi Titisari. "Pengaruh Life Style, Self Control Dan Financial Literacy Terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif Mahasiswa Melakukan Online Shopping." Equilibrium: Jurnal Ekonomi-Manajemen-Akuntansi 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/equilibrium.v16i1.805.
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The development of technology is related to people's behavior in Indonesia. Indonesian people, especially the younger generation, are very fond of social media. Besides used to communicate, send emails, social media is also used to online shopping. This is evidenced by the growing number of marketplaces in Indonesia such as Bukalapak, Tokopedia, Shoppee, Lazada and the others. This study aims to determine the effect of life style, self control and financial literacy on consumptive behavior in online shopping. This research is a quantitative study using explanatory design. The sample used was FEB students in East Surabaya. Sample data that can be used are 102 respondents. The sampling technique uses convenience sampling. Data collection using questionnaire distribution techniques using multiple linear regression data analysis techniques. The results showed that life style had a positive and significant effect on consumer behavior in doing online shopping. While self control and financial literacy variables negatively and significantly affect consumer behavior in doing online shopping.
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Clarke, Michael Tavel. "Schwiebert, John E. The Frailest Leaves: Whitman's Poetic Technique and Style in the Short Poem [review]." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 12, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13008/2153-3695.1463.
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Bentein, Klaas. "Deictic Shifting in Greek Contractual Writing (I–IV AD)." Philologus 164, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 83–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phil-2020-0100.
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AbstractMuch attention has been paid to ‘deictic shifts’ in Ancient Greek literary texts. In this article I show that similar phenomena can be found in documentary texts. Contracts in particular display unexpected shifts from the first to the third person or vice versa. Rather than constituting a narrative technique, I argue that such shifts should be related to the existence of two major types of stylization, called the ‘objective’ and the ‘subjective’ style. In objectively styled contracts, subjective intrusions may occur as a result of the scribe temporarily assuming himself to be the deictic center, whereas in subjectively styled contracts objective intrusions may occur as a result of the contracting parties dictating to the scribe, and the scribe not modifying the personal references. There are also a couple of texts which display more extensive deictic alternations, which suggests that generic confusion between the two major types of stylization may have played a role.
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Anggraini, Nani. "KEMAMPUAN MENENTUKAN UNSUR INSTRINSIK CERPEN “MERDEKA” KARYA PUTU WIJAYA PADA SISWA KELAS VII SMP KARTIKA II-2 BANDAR LAMPUNG." Ksatra: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 1 (September 4, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52217/ksatra.v2i1.502.
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In short story learning activities, students are not only directed to understand theories such as recognizing short story characteristics, intrinsic elements of literary work (short stories), but literary learning is directed to how students are able to find intrinsic elements contained in short stories such as, plot, setting, point of view, theme, mandate, language style, characters and others. This study used a descriptive qualitative method that was normative. The population in this study were all Grade VII Students of the Even Semester Semester SMP Kartika II-Bandar Lampung in the 2019/2020 Academic Year totaling 184 students consisting of 5 (five) classes. The sampling technique was carried out using the Stritified Proportional Random Sampling technique. Samples were taken as many as 16% of 184 students, as many as 30 students. Analysis of the ability to determine the intrinsic element of the short story "merdeka" by Putu wijaya then the results obtained from the aspects of the theme get a rating of 67% with enough criteria, flow aspects get a rating of 61% with sufficient criteria, setting aspects get a rating of 55% with less criteria, aspects of characterizations get an assessment 77% with good criteria, aspects of the perspective get 70% assessment with sufficient criteria, aspects of language style get an assessment of 85% with criteria Very good, mandate aspects 83% get an assessment with criteria Very Good.
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Trowell, Haydn. "The Aesthetics of Linked-Verse Poetry in Yasunari Kawabata’s 'The Lake'." New Voices in Japanese Studies 12 (August 17, 2020): 44–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21159/nvjs.12.03.
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The distinctive narrative style exhibited in Japanese author Yasunari Kawabata’s literary works has frequently been associated with the traditional Japanese art of linked-verse poetry (renga). However, the precise compositional nature of these similarities has yet to be thoroughly explored. In this article, I examine two fundamental principles of linked-verse poetry, ‘linking’ (tsukeai) and ‘flow’ (yukiyō), and use these as analytical tools to explore the thematic and narrative structure for which Kawabata’s literary technique is renowned. Considering the first chapter of his 1954 novel The Lake (Mizuumi) as a case study, I identify notable correspondences between linked verse and Kawabata’s prose writing in the form of a qualitative mode of progression characterised by a rich use of sensory and emotive association, and a wave-like sense of rhythm between moments of heightened and reduced expressive and affective intensity. This article uses detailed textual analysis to demonstrate a structural basis for comparing Kawabata’s prose with linked verse, which in turn implies that Kawabata’s narrative style is shaped by conscious aesthetic decisions to draw on linked-verse principles.
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Kruger, J.-L. "William Carlos Williams’ cubism: The sensory dimension." Literator 16, no. 2 (May 2, 1995): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v16i2.630.
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In this article the cubism of the American poet William Carlos Williams is discussed as a product of sensory elements combined with techniques derived from the work of the visual artists associated with this style. Through the study o f a number of poems written in the period between 1917 and 1923 it is shown that Williams employs the cubist intersection of sensory planes in particular to create a sensory dimension that not only renews the traditions and mode of poetry, but also reveals the cubist concern with the defamiliarization and foregrounding of fragments of everyday experiences. Ultimately the article is an attempt to indicate Williams’ incorporation o f a sensual dimension in creating a style that achieves modernist presentation revealing an independence from both traditional literary and visual styles.
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Rauf, Raad Sabr. "F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night Cons and Pros of the Narrative Method and Technique." Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (July 19, 2020): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v4n1y2020.pp65-68.
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Most critics tackle Fitzgerald's works thematically, whereas what distinguishes his fictional narratives is his magnificent style, suggestive language and innovative narrative methods and techniques. This is quite evident in The Great Gatsby and other pieces like The Last Tycoon, "The Mountain as Big as the Ritz", the autobiographical piece The Crack Up, etc. Tender is the Night is among these masterpieces which is our major concern in this paper. Yet still, this novel witnessed some controversial issues in its narrative technique and method. The study of the narrative method and technique in Tender is the Night has no less significance in the literary world than it has in The Great Gatsby. In fact, Fitzgerald mounted his artistic maturity and craftsmanship in this novel despite all the controversial issues that surrounded the novel's first publication. The present study sheds light on the cons and pros of the narrative technique and method in both versions of Tender is the Night with necessary reference to the development of the events in the novel.
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Majksner, Ivana, and Tina Varga Oswald. "Popularization and/or Trivialization of Philosophy in Voltaire's Narrative Candide or Optimism." CLEaR 3, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/clear-2016-0012.
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Abstract Voltaire produced his works within the literary-historical period of Classicism and Enlightenment, in which the prevalent role of literature was educational. The period also dictated what genre, theme, style and structure authors should follow. However, more and more changes of literary genres appear, and the process of stratification of literature into high and trivial takes place. The aim of this paper is to describe the polarization of two mutually different processes involved in the literary shaping of Voltaire's philosophical narrative Candide or Optimism. In Voltaire's narrative, the popularization of philosophy, in order to simplify and illuminate the philosophical writings of G. W. Leibniz, results in the changes of style and content that become understandable to the general readership since they work within the scheme of an adventure novel. In this process, trivialization does not affect only the genre, but is also present in other parts of literary analysis and interpretation such as the theme, motifs, structure, characterization, narrative techniques, stylistic features, and so on.
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Ene, Ana. "Interpreting poetry for teaching about style." JOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2019.12.1.5.
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This paper investigates a series of problems which may appear in the process of literary text interpretation, especially texts belonging to the lyric poetry genre, in view of teaching certain stylistic analysis techniques at the university level. Teaching in practice shows that one of the major difficulties that undergraduates can face in their stylistic approach to such a text consists in the correct decoding of its theme and message. The main objective of this paper is therefore to examine and interpret the external form of the analysed text meant to lead to its internal form. A configuration of the perimeter of this investigation involves certain methodological aspects belonging to the field of linguistic stylistics and, partially, to the domains of pragmatics and general semiotics. Implicitly, the analytical instruments to be used are selected from those specific to the aforementioned domains. The demonstrative analysis is applied to two modern Romanian poems, selected according to the following principle: the texts must contain enough aspects to create difficulties in reception and which require various stylistic approaches.
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Ji, Meng. "Quantifying Phraseological Style in Two Modern Chinese Versions of Don Quijote." Meta 53, no. 4 (January 16, 2009): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019664ar.
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Abstract Quantifying style, or stylometry, has always been one of the oldest traditions in Western literary studies. It seems, however, that such a well-explored and long-standing scientific methodology has been rarely applied to translations, as opposed to original literary texts. The present paper, which focuses on the stylistic use of phraseology in two contemporary Chinese versions of Cervantes’ Don Quijote, shall endeavour to address the two current problems in corpus-based translation stylistics, i.e., the lack of debate on the question of semantically-rich linguistic units in quantifying style of translations, and the need for testing the use of methods and techniques adapted from corpus statistics in detecting stylistic traits in translations. It is hoped that this study, which aims at expanding the current methodological framework for translation stylistics, will help in the development of this growing area of research in Translation Studies.
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Wiryadiningsih, Krisnani, Teguh Supriyanto, and Bambang Indiatmoko. "The Literary Style of Javanese Female Characters in the Novel Jemini by Suparto Brata." Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 9, no. 2 (August 21, 2020): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/seloka.v9i2.37887.
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Women in the journey of human life have an important role, namely; give birth, nurture and educate their children. Mental education for women began to be developed, one of them through literary novels. The Novel Jemini by Suparto Brata presents the femininity of Javanese women from an objective point of view. Another interesting part of the novel is the strong characterization of Javanese women. This is emphasized by the use of various styles of language and diction which aim to uncover the struggle for life of Javanese women leaders. The objectives of this study are (1) Describe the characterization of Javanese women in the novel Jemini by Suparto Brata; (2) Uncovering the struggle for life of Javanese female characters in the novel Jemini by Suparto Brata; (3) Describing the lliterary style of Javanese female characters in the novel Jemini by Suparto Brata. This literary research uses the approach of feminism which is sulking in the Javanese feminism model. The data used in the form of fragments of text in the novel Jemini by Suparto Brata contained the characterization of Javanese women. Source of text data in the novel as a whole. The study’s method is semiotic structuralism with hermeneutic techniques. The results of this study indicate the feminism of Javanese women in the characterization of the novel Jemini by Suparto Brata. The lliterary style of the female characters in the novel consists of; words, sentences, phrases, figurative languages show the existence of feminism in the novel Jemini by Suparto Brata. The character of Javanese women in the novel is clever, broad-minded, always curious, shy, agile, nimble, diligent in working, strong-minded, patient and accepting, sympathetic, respectful towards parents, and adults.This research raises awareness for the public about the role of women.
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J. Sosulski, Michael. "Workshop in German Drama." Scenario: A Journal of Performative Teaching, Learning, Research II, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/scenario.2.1.2.
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This article presents a model for teaching a true four-skills second language course in German using student drama performance as the primary vehicle of instruction. Students in this workshop-style course learn to closely read literary German drama while enacting key scenes using authentic period acting techniques. Both the study of literary drama and the historical acting techniques with which they were performed offer students special access to important elements of German culture during notable eras while sharpening their mastery of advanced vocabulary and linguistic structure in German. The value of teaching drama through active learning, as well as the use of reflection in assessment are among the topics explored in this article. This article presents a model for teaching a true four-skills second language course in German using student drama performance as the primary vehicle of instruction. Students in this workshop-style course learn to closely read literary German drama while enacting key scenes using authentic period acting techniques. Both the study of literary drama and the historical acting techniques with which they were performed offer students special access to important elements of German culture during notable eras while sharpening their mastery of advanced vocabulary and linguistic structure in German. The value of teaching drama through active learning, as well as the use of reflection in assessment are among the topics explored in this article.
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Valdeón García, Roberto A. "Maurice: Translating the Controversy, a Comparative Study of the English Text and its Spanish Version." Meta 54, no. 4 (February 1, 2010): 704–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038900ar.
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Abstract This article presents an overview of the literary controversy surrounding the publication of E. M. Forster’s so-called homosexual novel, Maurice, in 1971 and its subsequent publication in Spanish. Some critics published revisionist works in which his other novels were presented in the light of the revelations about Forster’s own homosexuality whereas others claimed that the novel shares some of the author’s major preoccupations as well as the literary themes and techniques present in all his narrative. Then we proceed to review some key concepts in Translation Studies necessary to carry out a comparative study of the text and the Spanish version: communicative translation, translators as cultural mediators, translation competence, factory translation. The study of the two texts covers three major areas: text level (including an analysis of grammatical features, lexicon, narrative style, conversational English), cultural level (studying key cultural concepts in the novel) and literary level (covering some of Forster’s key literary features, the notion of muddle, the anticipatory technique). We then proceed to study all these aspects at play in chapter 25, regarded as the turning point in the novel and as a key chapter both at discursive and literary levels. In the final section, we discuss the inadequacy of the choices made by the translators and the way in which they fail to offer the Spanish readership an adequate version both as regards the text per se and as part of Forster’s literary production, and we claim that it shares some of the characteristics of what Milton has called “factory translation.”
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Evans, Mel. "Style and chronology: A stylometric investigation of Aphra Behn’s dramatic style and the dating of The Young King." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 27, no. 2 (May 2018): 103–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947018772505.
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Aphra Behn’s dramatic outputs are recognized for their diversity and responsiveness to trends in Restoration drama. A stylometric approach is used to investigate the linguistic dimension of Behn’s dramatic style, with a particular focus on evidence of chronological change. Quantitative analysis (most frequent words, function words, zeta) suggests that Behn’s drama falls into three periods. A qualitative analysis indicates that the periodization may reflect a change in the construction of Behn’s dramatic worlds, from an abstract psychological focus to a more grounded, interactive and social representation. The study considers the problematic dating of Behn’s tragi-comedy The Young King. Although critical opinion holds that this play was the first that Behn wrote (i.e. pre-1670), the stylometric analysis suggests that Behn heavily revised, or, indeed, penned, the drama in the mid-to-late 1670s, mid-way through her writing career. The paper demonstrates the potential for stylochronometric techniques to complement other linguistic approaches to style, and enhance our understanding of how literary writing evolves.
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Yukins, Elizabeth. "An “Artful Juxtaposition on the Page”: Memory, Perception, and Cubist Technique in Ralph Ellison's Juneteenth." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (October 2004): 1247–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101725.
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While scholars have appreciated the influence of jazz on Ralph Ellison's compositional strategies, this essay examines how Ellison's interest in the visual idiom of modernism—namely, cubism—influenced the prose style of his posthumously published novel Juneteenth. Evidenced by his friendship with Romare Bearden and his expressed fascination with the visual arts, Ellison's knowledge of cubist practice informed his textual experiments with time, space, and the narrative rendering of memory. Cubist techniques such as fragmentation and the combining of multiple perspectives offered Ellison formal methods to configure the complex consciousness of his main characters and the vexed history of race relations in America. His literary and political visions meet in the mercurial relation between fragmentation and pluralism, for in his multifaceted, nonlinear prose one sees the fraught simultaneity of past and present, memory and vision, historical violence and continued democratic aspiration.
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Calahan, Charles A. "Temperament of Primary Caregivers and Development of Literacy." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3 (December 1995): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.828.
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Parents can strongly influence the development of reading literacy in their children. Constructs such as parental attitude, parental style, reading technique, mother-child attachment, etc. influence the development of children's literacy. This study examined the relationship between the temperament of 55 primary maternal caregivers and readiness to involve their 3– to 5–yr.-old children in extracurricular reading activities. Mothers' temperament may foster activities that support reading.
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Orujova, Irina. "Ernest Hemingway’s Idiosyncratic Style and Its Reflection in Russian Translation." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 3 (April 13, 2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n3p215.
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The creative legacy of great American modernist writer Ernest Hemingway presents a huge interest both for the linguists and literary critics. His books have been translated into a great majority of languages, his creative activity and personal style of writing has been investigated by literary critics and linguists at different times, his life and personality has been described extensively by his biographers, researchers and people who knew him personally. Nevertheless, both his biography and the value of his literary works have always been the object of debates. Scholars have always argued about the linguistic value of his style of writing; for some linguists Hemingway’s style seemed too simple to be analysed. Others, and they are in majority, find his style complicated, idiosyncratic and heterogeneous with the very peculiar choice of language means. Therefore, translation of Hemingway’s stories and novels creates challenges for translators trying to achieve the greatest degree of adequacy. Contrary to the opinion of some scholars and critics, such as D. H. Lawrence, Louis Kronenberger, Schuyler Ashley and others, Hemingway’s prose is rich in figures of speech, such as metaphor, metonymy, repetition, simile and others. While translating Hemingway’s prose into Russian, the translators managed to find the adequate solution to the stylistic difficulties of the original by means of resorting to analogue translation, compensation and other techniques analysed in this article. The article focuses on revealing the linguistic and cultural complexity of adequate transformation of Ernest Hemingway’s short stories into Russian, paying special attention to his unique style. The article also emphasizes the fact of neutralization and decoration of some original phrases used by translators into Russian which didn’t affect the level of adequacy of the target text.
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Ngozi Dick, Angela. "Technique of Exploring Women’s Choice in Select Novels of El Sadaawi, Ba, Alkali and Adichie." English Linguistics Research 7, no. 3 (September 27, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v7n3p42.
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Women writers in Africa have enjoyed wider audience especially in higher institutions where the curriculum includes African Women Writers, Gender Studies and other related courses. African women writers may focus on a variety of subject matters but what is common to their literary art is that they concentrate on the experience of women. This article focuses on how the authors use their literary art to portray women’s experiences in their social melieu. Nawal El Sadaawi, Mariama Ba, Zaynab Alkali and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie are women writers from Africa. The first three women are older and from Moslem background. Adichie is younger and from a Christian background. The choice made of the novels of these women is due to the recurrent problem of being a woman everywhere. In contemporary times women are still treated differently just because they are women. However, it has been observed that there is nothing intrinsic in women that depict them as the bad or inferior species of human beings. This article focuses on the commonality of style used by the select African novelists in couching the predicament of women in the African society. The novels chosen in this research are El Sadaawi’s Woman at Point Zero and God Dies by the Nile; Ba’s So Long a Letter and Scarlet Song; Alkali’s The Stillborn and The Virtuous Woman and Adichie’s Americanah.
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CHAPIN, KEITH. "SCHEIBE’S MISTAKE: SUBLIME SIMPLICITY AND THE CRITERIA OF CLASSICISM." Eighteenth Century Music 5, no. 2 (September 2008): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478570608001474.
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ABSTRACTIt is as a classicist that Johann Adolph Scheibe has entered the annals of music history, either as a propagator of the principles of French literary classicism, or as a champion of a ‘galant’ style that later critics would view as a foundation for a German musical classicism. But if Scheibe insisted on a quality of striking simplicity, using words clearly indebted to those of Nicolas Boileau, the doyen of seventeenth-century French critics, he was no classicist according to the French model. While all classicists depend to a certain degree on the regulation of their material – for such regulation aids them in their quest for the perfect fit between parts and whole – they will differ in how they choose to balance the codification of technique and the regulation of style, on the one hand, with the evocation of emphatic or ‘sublime’ experiences, on the other. If Boileau sought the ‘marvellous’ quality that strikes like lightening, Scheibe wished for clarity. Drawing on scholarship in the history of literature, this article first examines the origins and point of French classicist literary aesthetics, then traces the fate of these aesthetics as they were transferred from France to Germany and from literature to music.
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Merljak Zdovc, Sonja. "Literary journalism : the intersection of literature and journalism." Acta Neophilologica 37, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2004): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.37.1-2.17-23.
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Literary journalism is a style of newspaper and magazine writing that developed as a reaction against facto graphic and objective journalism. Rather than answering the informational who, what, when, or where, it depicts moments in time. It has also managed to eschew the formula of newspaper feature writing, with its predictability and cliches. Instead, it appointed the techniques of realistic fiction to portray daily life. The author of this paper attempts to present the genre that belongs at the same time to literature and journalism; it combines the best of both practices in order to give the reader the most vivid and accurate picture of society. The author of this paper also attempts to present literary journalism as it exists in Slovenia.
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Ackerman, Jane. "Howard Mancing.The Chivalric World ofDon Quijote,Style, Structure, and Narrative Technique. University of Missouri Press, 1982. ix + 240 pp. $21.00." Romance Quarterly 33, no. 1 (February 1986): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08831157.1986.9925773.
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Chandio, Fozia, Zia Ahmed, and Akbar Sajid. "Theme of Isolation and Child versus Adult Feelings: Stylistic Analysis of Alice Munro’s Short Story “The Eye”." Review of Education, Administration & LAW 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2020): 485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v3i3.94.
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Analysis of the stylistics features of any author has been very interesting technique to explore themes depicted by him/her. This paper examines a short story of Alice Munro titled ‘The Eye’, from stylistic perspective. ‘The Eye’ is the opening tale of the set of four stories, in a style of memoir that is titled as ‘Finale’. This set of four stories appears in her collection of short stories titled “Dear Life” (2012. ) The paper presents the stylistics analysis of the story keeping the stylistic approach in focus suggested by Leech and Short in Style in Style in Fiction (2007). The story is analyzed stylistically in terms of character and characterization, point of view and speech, thought and writing presentation. Stylistic study of any text effectively provides comprehension of the base of the text particularly and its evaluation generally (Peer 2008). In order to carry this out, the method of textual analysis of Qualitative research approach is conducted. The end of the analysis is to have a turnout of a deeper comprehension of the relationship between style and literary aesthetics in ‘The Eye’ by studying the stylistic patterns behind Munro’s narrative, in order to find out her creative approach. Paul Simpson maintains, “Stylistics serves to inquire into the language of the text and on a broader level to investigate creativity in the use of language (2004:3). The endeavor made in the paper explores that Munro has an ambivalent and complicated technique of presentation, both structurally and thematically. Here, the argument is that the stylistic analysis of the story reveals that Munro has high artistic approach towards the short story; she narrates the fiction with such an ambiguous approach that it welcomes more than one interpretations of the story.
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Nguyen, Phuong Khanh. "METAFICTION AND DROSTE EFFECT IN THE NOVEL “IF ON A WINTER’S NIGHT A TRAVELER” BY ITALO CALVINO." UED Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education 10, Special (September 27, 2020): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.47393/jshe.v10ispecial.738.
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f on a winter's night a traveler is considered one of the greatest novels by Italian writer Italo Calvino. Published in 1979, this literary work, which belongs to the postmodernist narrative style in the form of a frame story, tells about a reader trying to read a book with the same title from beginning to end. Much of the story’s content was written in the second-person’s narration, implying that “you” (the Reader) are the protagonist of the novel. Embedded inside are ten short stories (the loose ends of different novels) read by the main character, which causes the book to constantly switch between settings, narrators, and styles. If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler is truly a perfect illustration for the literary style characterized by metafiction and postmodernism. The novel is a conscious textual play with various techniques employed such as authorial role limitation, reader involvement in the plot line, open structure, non-linearity, fragmentation, multiplicity, and intertextuality. By effectively using these devices, Calvino deconstructs the traditional novel form and creates a new structure which shows a parallel between the processes of writing and reading a text. Calvino acts as the supreme game-master taking control of both the characters and the real players, who have been pushed into this game-like novel. This article focuses on analyzing the charactericstics of metafiction, the Droste effect and deconstruction in Calvino’s novel If on a winter's night a traveler, thereby helping to grasp his playful language and his narrative techniques as well as to discover his metafictional discourse.
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Stadter, Philip A. "The Cyropaedia - Deborah Levine Gera: Xenophon's Cyropaedia: Style, Genre, and Literary Technique. (Oxford Classical Monographs.) Pp. xii+348. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. £40." Classical Review 44, no. 2 (October 1994): 271–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009840x00288823.
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Grisot, Giulia, Kathy Conklin, and Violeta Sotirova. "Who’s afraid of Virginia Woolf? Readers’ responses to experimental techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 29, no. 2 (May 2020): 103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947020924202.
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Woolf’s work has been the object of several studies concerned with her experimental use of techniques of speech, thought and consciousness presentation. These investigated the way in which different perspectives coexist and alternate in her writing, suggesting that the use of such techniques often results in ambiguous perspective shifts. However, there is hardly any empirical evidence as to whether readers experience difficulty while reading her narratives as a result of these narrative techniques. This article examines empirically readers’ responses to extracts from Woolf’s two major novels – To the Lighthouse and Mrs Dalloway – to provide evidence for whether Woolf’s techniques for the presentation of characters’ voices, thoughts and perspectives represent a challenge for readers. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach that combines a stylistic analysis with a detailed questionnaire has been employed. Selected extracts that were hypothesised to be complex due to the presence of free indirect style and/or interior monologue were modified by substituting these with less ambiguous modes of consciousness presentation, such as direct speech or direct thought. Readers’ responses to the modified and unmodified versions of the same extracts were compared: results show that the presence of free indirect style and/or interior monologue increases the number of perspectives identified by readers, suggesting that this technique increases the texts’ difficulty, laying a more solid ground for future investigations.
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John, Stephen, Dr Muhammad Ali Shaikh, and Nadia Saeed. "Successful Parenting in the Contemporary Era of Technology in Pakistan." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol8.iss1.2109.
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Pakistan is one of the developing countries having low literacy rate in contemporary era of technology (Male: 72.5% and Female:51.8% but varies regionally), holding 180th position in the list of 221 big or small countries of the world. Media (social/electronic/print) has replaced parents, therefore, children learn and follow, as they find/listen/watch on it, parents have no more control over their children and consequently their teaching is no more effective. But in the present era of challenges/difficulties where parents find themselves hopeless/helpless, we find some parents have performed or are very successfully performing their duties. The objective of this research study was to discover the techniques used or parenting style followed by those successful parents. For the purpose, through snowball sampling procedure hundred (100) parents were selected. A questionnaire consisting close-ended questions was distributed among the participants and the purpose was to keep selected respondents on required track or provide them technical terms used in the world or to have fixed responses, while open-ended questions were posed to explore the techniques or parenting style adopted by them. The quantitative responses were analyzed using SPSS, while quantitative responses were sorted, labelled and quantified. The results show that parenting style or technique of using yardstick as per nature of a child is the reason behind successful parenting in the parent era.