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Journal articles on the topic "Literacy in 20th century Australia":
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Furaih, Ameer Chasib. "A Poetics of De-colonial Resistance: A Study in Selected Poems by Evelyn Araluen Cor." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 12, no. 02 (2022): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v12i02.029.
First Nations peoples in Australia, as in many other colonized countries, were forced to acquired English soon after the arrival of the colonists in their country during the second half of the 18th century. In response to their land dispossession, Indigenous Australian poets adopted and adapted the language and literary forms of colonists to write a politicized literature that tackles fundamental subjects such as land rights, civil, and human rights, to name but a few. Their literary response can be traced back to the early 1800s, and it had continued through the 20th century. One example is the poem “The Stolen Generation” (1985) by Justin Leiber, which has since been considered a motto for the struggle of Aboriginal peoples against obligatory removal of children from Aboriginal families.This paper aims at examining 21th century politicized literary response of Aboriginal poets. It sheds lights on the poetry of Evelyn Araluen as a telling paradigm of decolonial poetics, demonstrating her role in the political struggle of her peoples. Analysing representative poems by the poet, including “decolonial poetics (avant gubba)” and “Runner-up: Learning Bundjalung on Tharawal,” the paper examines the interdisciplinary nature of her poetry, and demonstrates how the poet transgresses the boundaries between poetry and politics, so as to be utilized as an effective tool of political resistance.
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Affeldt, Stefanie. "The Burden of ‘White’ Sugar: Producing and Consuming Whiteness in Australia." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 439–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0020.
Abstract This article investigates the history of the Queensland cane sugar industry and its cultural and political relations. It explores the way the sugar industry was transformed from an enterprise drawing on the traditional plantation crop cultivated by an unfree labour force and employing workers into an industry that was an important, symbolical element of ‘White Australia’ that was firmly grounded in the cultural, political, nationalist, and racist reasoning of the day. The demographic and social changes drew their incitement and legitimation from the ‘White Australia’ culture that was represented in all social strata. Australia was geographically remote but culturally close to the mother country and was assigned a special position as a lone outpost of Western culture. This was aggravated by scenarios of allegedly imminent invasions by the surrounding Asian powers, which further urged cane sugar’s transformation from a ‘black’ to a ‘white man’s industry’. As a result, during the sugar strikes of the early 20th century, the white Australian sugar workers were able to emphasize their ‘whiteness’ to press for improvements in wages and working conditions. Despite being a matter of constant discussion, the public acceptance of the ‘white sugar campaign’ was reflected by the high consumption of sugar. Moreover, the industry was lauded for its global uniqueness and its significance to the Australian nation. Eventually, the ‘burden’ of ‘white sugar’ was a monetary, but even more so moral support of an industry that was supposed to provide a solution to population politics, support the national defence, and symbolize the technological advancement and durability of the ‘white race’ in a time of crisis.
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Betz, Dorothy M. "Australian Divagations: Mallarme & the 20th Century (review)." Nineteenth Century French Studies 32, no. 3 (2004): 413–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ncf.2004.0004.
Kaplin, V. G. "DISTRIBUTION AND BIOLOGY OF INVASIVE SPECIES OF BEAN BRUCHID <i>ACANTHOSCELIDES OBTECTUS</i> (INSECTA, COLEOPTERA, BRUCHIDAE)." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 14, no. 4 (November 26, 2021): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1996-1499-2021-14-4-54-76.
The review of literary sources on ecology, biology, distribution of bean bruchid ( Acanthoscelides obtectus ) and its main food plant - Phaseolus vulgaris in North and South America; Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia and more details in Russia; the influence of abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors on the invasive process, phytosanitary condition of common bean crops in Russia is presented. Some aspects of the invader management are shown. The main stages and areas of cultivation of common bean and invasion of bean bruchid from their primary habitat in South America and in the south of North America are traced; the vectors and reasons causing them are considered. In Russia, the economic importance of bean bruchid has increased since the mid-1980s, which coincided with the climate warming; there was an expansion of its distribution in the eastern and north-western directions. At the last decades of the 20th century, it had penetrated in Smolensk and in the south part of the Tver and the Tomsk regions. With the increase in production of beans in Russia, the lack of systemic protection from bean bruchid and further increase of climate warming will contribute to the extension of its range to the north in the European part of Russia and the Urals to 57-58° N. Lat., where the conditions of the summer period are favorable for development of common bean and bean bruchid. To the east, it may spread to Tyva, Buryatia, the Trans-Baikal territory, the Amur region, the Jewish Autonomous region, and the southern part of the Khabarovsk territory. With the introduction of strict internal quarantine and a system of protection of common bean from this pest, which prevents the spread of infected dry bean, on the contrary, it is possible to reduce the distribution range of the bean bruchid, with its disappearance in the Siberian, Ural districts, Bashkortostan and Tatarstan.
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Oyebode, Femi. "9 Psychopathology & the nature of the Self." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 93, no. 12 (November 14, 2022): e3.42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-bnpa.9.
Femi Oyebode graduated from University of Ibadan with distinction in Medicine in 1977 & trained as a psychiatrist in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne. He has been Consultant Psychiatrist in Birmingham since 1986 & retired in 2021. He has been Honorary Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Birmingham since 1999. He was Head of Department of Psychiatry from 2003–2009. He is Honorary Professor, Department of Anthropology & African Studies University of Birmingham. He is Associate Editor the British Journal of Psychiatry, & on the Editorial Boards of BJPsych Bulletin and BJPsych Advances. He was Chief Examiner of the Royal College of Psychiatrists from 2002 to 2005. He has been ASB Visiting Professor at University of Auckland, Raine Visiting Professor at University of Western Australia, & Visiting Professor University of Ibadan. His research interests include clinical psychopathology, delusional misidentification syndromes, medical humanities and medical ethics. He is author of Sims’ Symptoms in the Mind (4–6th editions), Psychopathology of Rare and Unusual Syndromes, Madness and the Theatre and edited Mindreadings: Literature and Psychiatry. He is also a poet and literary critic. His volumes of poetry include Naked to your softness & other dreams, Master of the Leopard Hunt and Adagio for Oblong Mirrors. He contributed critical essays to the Oxford Companion to 20th century Poetry and Oxford Companion to Modern Poetry. He received the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016 and the highest award of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the Honorary FRCPsych., in 2019.AbstractPsychopathology is the systematic study of abnormal psychological experience and includes the precise description, definition and categorisation of abnormal phenomena. In this lecture I will focus on the potential role of psychopathology as a means of revealing the underlying brain processes that make possible our experience of reality. I will examine phantom limb phenomenon, Charles Bonnet Syndrome, musical hallucinations and autoscopy to illustrate and develop my thesis. My ultimate aim is to demonstrate that the value of psychopathology is over and above the merely descriptive and that its value includes theorising about neural mechanisms.
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Kanevskaya, Galina I. "Russian Libraries in Australia in the 20th Century." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 3 (May 25, 2009): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2009-0-3-80-85.
The article deals with review of the history of Russian librarianship in Australia. The role of libraries in preservation of Russian language in the Russian diaspora and national identity in the being in the strange cultural space is defined.
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McKenna, Michael. "Afterword to 20th-Century Literacy: Prospects at the Millennium." Peabody Journal of Education 73, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327930pje7303&4_17.
McKenna, Michael C. "Afterword to 20th-Century Literacy: Prospects at the Millennium." Peabody Journal of Education 73, no. 3-4 (June 1998): 376–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0161956x.1998.9681899.
Reynolds, Tom. "Selling College Literacy: The Mass-Market Magazine as Early 20th Century Literacy Sponsor." American Periodicals: A Journal of History, Criticism, and Bibliography 15, no. 2 (2005): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/amp.2005.0019.
Nutbrown, Cathy, Peter Clough, Rachael Levy, Sabine Little, Julia Bishop, Terry Lamb, and Dylan Yamada-Rice. "Families’ roles in children’s literacy in the UK throughout the 20th century." Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 17, no. 4 (May 5, 2016): 551–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798416645385.
This paper explores the changing roles of families in children’s developing literacy in the UK in the last century. It discusses how, during this time, understandings of reading and writing have evolved into the more nuanced notion of literacy. Further, in acknowledging changes in written communication practices, and shifting attitudes to reading and writing, the paper sketches out how families have always played some part in the literacy of younger generations; though reading was frequently integral to the lives of many families throughout the past century, we consider in particular the more recent enhancement of children’s literacy through targeted family programmes. The paper considers policy implications for promoting young children’s literacy through work with families.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Literacy in 20th century Australia":
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Sawyer, Wayne, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College, and School of Education and Early Childhood Studies. "Simply growth? : a study of selected episodes in the history of Years 7-10 English in New South Wales." THESIS_CAESS_EEC_Sawyer_W.xml, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/379.
Calls for increased attention to subject-specific histories have been somewhat insistent in the last two decades. An important emphasis in these calls has been for attention to the history of the 'preactive curriculum' as represented, for example, in Syllabus documents. English has been a particular case in these arguments- a case which often revolves around defining the subject itself. Others have argued further that subject-specific history is usually centred in detailed local, historical studies of the recent past. In attempting to address these issues, this study sets out to answer the questions: 1/. How was Years 7-10 English defined from the early 1970s to the early 1990s in NSW? 2/. What was the relationship between the concepts 'English' and 'literacy' in NSW in the given period? The study focuses specifically on constructions of English in Syllabus documents, professional journals, textbooks and examinations. The particular methodology used to address the study questions is an in-depth study of two selected years during, viz. 1977 and 1992, accompanied by detailed discussion of contextual aspects of these years. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Sawyer, Wayne. "Simply growth? : a study of selected episodes in the history of Years 7-10 English in New South Wales." Thesis, View thesis, 2002. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/379.
Calls for increased attention to subject-specific histories have been somewhat insistent in the last two decades. An important emphasis in these calls has been for attention to the history of the 'preactive curriculum' as represented, for example, in Syllabus documents. English has been a particular case in these arguments- a case which often revolves around defining the subject itself. Others have argued further that subject-specific history is usually centred in detailed local, historical studies of the recent past. In attempting to address these issues, this study sets out to answer the questions: 1/. How was Years 7-10 English defined from the early 1970s to the early 1990s in NSW? 2/. What was the relationship between the concepts 'English' and 'literacy' in NSW in the given period? The study focuses specifically on constructions of English in Syllabus documents, professional journals, textbooks and examinations. The particular methodology used to address the study questions is an in-depth study of two selected years during, viz. 1977 and 1992, accompanied by detailed discussion of contextual aspects of these years.
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Hocking, Rachel School of Music & Music Education UNSW. "Crafting connections: original music for the dance in Australia, 1960-2000." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Music and Music Education, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27289.
This thesis documents the artistic connections made between composers and choreographers in Australia during the period 1960-2000. These 40 years saw a growth in the establishment of dance companies, resulting in many opportunities for composers to write original music for original dance works. The findings of original dance-music are tabulated in an extensive database giving details of 208 composers and over 550 music compositions written specifically for dance. Examples of choreographer and composer collaborative relationships and attitudes to each other???s artforms are discussed. Further examination of how these relationships have affected the sound of the music is detailed in four case studies. These concern the works The Display (music by Malcolm Williamson, choreography by Robert Helpmann, 1964), Poppy (music by Carl Vine, choreography by Graeme Murphy, 1978), Ochres (music by David Page, choreography by Stephen Page, 1994), and Fair Exchanges (music by Warren Burt and Ros Bandt, choreography by Shona Innes, 1989). These case studies look at dancemusic collaborated in different styles: ballet, modern dance, dance-theatre and experimental dance. This discussion is carried out through the analysis of the context of the collaborative relationships, and the temporal and interpretive aspects of the original dance-music. It is found through the investigation of collaborative relationships and discussion of these case studies, that similar methods of writing are used when composing music for theatrical dance, regardless of the type of dance. These methods show that composers have intentionally crafted scores that fulfil needs in the dance works and that are suited to choreographers??? intentions. Importantly, it is also found that involvement with dance has influenced some composers??? styles, aided musical innovation and added significantly to the corpus of Australian music.
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Visessuvanapoom, Vinit. "State and economy in Thailand: the possibility of establishing a developmental state." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28173.
This dissertation addresses the question of whether the Thai state is already a
developmental state or could readily become one early in the 21St century. To begin with it identifies the two principal conditions that have to be satisfied, namely commitment to develop and state capacity to influence development. The latter of ‘which in turn depends on the state’s general authority (legitimacy) and its general regulatory capacity. The focus of the dissertation is on the particular capacities that can be said to characterise a developmental state in the present era. These particular capacities are, first, the particular capacities providing the basis of industry policy as identified in the analyses of the earlier formation of developmental states by Chalmers Johnson and his successors and, second, certain complementary capacities which are required to meet the challenges of the twenty—first century. The body of the dissertation is an examination of whether, and to what extent, the particular capacities exist within Thailand or could readily be brought into existence. The dissertation further examines the commitment to development in Thailand through an examination of contemporary Thai polity and specifically the state’s ability, under a Thaksin administration in particular, to govern conflicts within the Thai polity in a manner consistent with broad development. It is recognised that insofar as the state’s capacity to influence development also depends on its general authority (the legitimacy of the state), that authority also is sensitive to its ability to govern conflict resolution. The dissertation ends by speculating about how different the commitment to development might be under another Democrat-led administration. The overall conclusion of the dissertation is that, while the Thai state does indeed possess critical capacities for the pursuit of industry policy, other essential capacities - fundamental and complementary
— as well as legitimacy and commitment to development are weak and not obviously being strengthened. That being the case, it would only be wishful thinking to say that Thailand is already a developmental state.
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Behin, Bahram. "Aspects of the role of language in creating the literary effect : implications for the reading of Australian prose fiction /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb419.pdf.
Gleeson, Damian John School of History UNSW. "The professionalisation of Australian catholic social welfare, 1920-1985." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of History, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26952.
This thesis explores the neglected history of Australian Catholic social welfare, focusing on the period, 1920-85. Central to this study is a comparative analysis of diocesan welfare bureaux (Centacare), especially the Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide agencies. Starting with the origins of professional welfare at local levels, this thesis shows the growth in Catholic welfare services across Australia. The significant transition from voluntary to professional Catholic welfare in Australia is a key theme. Lay trained women inspired the transformation in the church???s welfare services. Prepared predominantly by their American training, these women devoted their lives to fostering social work in the Church and within the broader community. The women demonstrated vision and tenacity in introducing new policies and practices across the disparate and unco-ordinated Australian Catholic welfare sector. Their determination challenged the status quo, especially the church???s preference for institutionalisation of children, though they packaged their reforms with compassion and pragmatism. Trained social workers offered specialised guidance though such efforts were often not appreciated before the 1960s. New approaches to welfare and the co-ordination of services attracted varying degrees of resistance and opposition from traditional Catholic charity providers: religious orders and the voluntary-based St Vincent de Paul Society (SVdP). For much of the period under review diocesan bureaux experienced close scrutiny from their ordinaries (bishops), regular financial difficulties, and competition from other church-based charities for status and funding. Following the lead of lay women, clerics such as Bishop Algy Thomas, Monsignor Frank McCosker and Fr Peter Phibbs (Sydney); Bishop Eric Perkins (Melbourne), Frs Terry Holland and Luke Roberts (Adelaide), consolidated Catholic social welfare. For four decades an unprecedented Sydney-Melbourne partnership between McCosker and Perkins had a major impact on Catholic social policy, through peak bodies such as the National Catholic Welfare Committee and its successor the Australian Catholic Social Welfare Commission. The intersection between church and state is examined in terms of welfare policies and state aid for service delivery. Peak bodies secured state aid for the church???s welfare agencies, which, given insufficient church funding proved crucial by the mid 1980s.
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Buchanan, David. "Contextual thesis Part I & Part II : Book of poems, "Looking off the Southern Edge" ; Stage play (full-length): Ecstasis." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1015.
This thesis, which accompanies my book of poems Looking Off the Southern Edge and my full-length stage play Ecstasis, is submitted in two parts: Part-I and Part-II. Part-l contextualises the writing practice of the above poems in considering the epistemological, autobiographical and landscape contexts of my poetry. Part-I then discusses how the poetry is involved in the process of decentring subjectivity within the southern India/Pacific arena. It should be pointed out that Part-I was submitted and marked last year, as the first year component of the Master of Arts (Writing) course. It is included this year because much of its thesis informs Part-II (and indeed is referred to and referenced by Part-II), especially in terms of my general theoretical approach to writing poems, plays, as well as the relevance of my music, painting and stained glass practices. Part II mostly addresses the writing of the play Ecstasis. I have however, discussed why I have re-edited, augmented and re-submitted my book of poems. I have then contextualised the writing of the play, by addressing the areas of Apophasis and the Aporia of 'the story', An Ecstatic Dramaturgy and the Undecidable Subject, and Ecstasis and an Endemic Specificity. This play was written, workshopped and enjoyed a partially moved reading (as late as the 11th, November) in the course of this year. While the writing of the piece is addressed under the previous headings, the workshopping and reading process is discussed in Workshopping the 'Spectacle Text' in the Co-operative Medium of 'Theatre. I have also included Appendix (i) in support of this process, in particular, the changes inspired by the reading. The conclusion discusses some of the boundaries for my writing of A Poetry and The Spectacle Text for theatre, and hints at the context required for any writing of experimentation in the southern Indian/Pacific arena.
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Muller, Elizabeth M. "Absorption and Assimilation: Australia's Aboriginal Policies in the 19th and 20th Centuries." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1959.
Thesis advisor: Hiroshi Nakazato Since initial contact between white settlers and Australian Aborigines began in the late 18th century the Aboriginal population has been exploited, abused, and controlled by governmental authorities. The two policies which dominated government approach to the Aboriginal population in the past were biological absorption and cultural assimilation. Through examining what caused such a massive shift in Aboriginal policy it is clear that events and their outcomes affect the ideas, beliefs, and worldviews of policymakers, activists, and the public Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011 Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences Discipline: College Honors Program Discipline: International Studies
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Santos, Beatriz, and res cand@acu edu au. "From El Salvador to Australia: a 20th century exodus to a promised land." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp126.25102006.
El Salvador, the smallest and the most densely populated state in the region of Central America, was gripped by a civil war in the 1980s that resulted in the exodus of more than a million people. This thesis explores the causes that led to the exodus. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part contains a historical and theoretical analysis of El Salvador from the time of conquest until the 1980s. An examination of the historical background of the socio-economic and political conflict in El Salvador during this period sets the scene for an account of the mass exodus of Salvadorans in the 1980s. The second part of the thesis involves a qualitative study of Salvadoran refugees, which concentrates on their experiences before and after arriving in Australia. The study explores both the reasons for the Salvadorans’ becoming refugees and their resettlement in Melbourne. In an effort to explain some of the reasons for the socio-economic and political conflict in El Salvador in the 1980s, some concepts and ideas from different theoretical perspectives are utilized: modernisation theory, world-systems theory, dependency theory, elite theory, Foco theory of revolution and economic rationalism. The historical account covers the period from the expansion of the European world economy in the 16th century up to the political conflict of the 1980s. When the Salvadorans began to arrive in Melbourne, the micro-economic agenda in Australia was based on economic rationalism. This shifted the focus away from the state and onto a market-based approach that emphasised vigorous competition and fore grounded a non-collective social framework. The changes to policies in the welfare and immigration areas resulting from this shift are examined for their impact on the resettlement experiences of Salvadoran refugees. The United States foreign policy is also delineated because of the impact it had on the political, economic and social situation in El Salvador. The thesis focused on the time-period from the 1823 Monroe Doctrine to the era of the Cold War of ‘containment of communism’. The Catholic Church has also played a major influence in the political, social and religious life of Salvadorans. The changes that occurred in the post-1965 renewal of the Catholic Church were influential in the political struggles in El Salvador. The second part of the thesis involves a qualitative research study of a small group of 14 Salvadoran refugees. Participants were selected from different professional, educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. The study examines their flight from El Salvador, their arrival in Australia and their long-term experiences of resettlement. Tracking the experiences of refugees over a considerable period of time has seldom been the focus of a research study in Australia. The Salvadorans have been under-researched and no longitudinal studies have been conducted. The Salvadorans who took part in the study became refugees for diverse reasons ranging from political/religious reasons to random repression but certainly not for economic reasons. Their past experiences have influenced their resettlement in Australia and their attempts to build their lives anew have been fraught with difficulties. The difficulties in acquiring a working knowledge of the English language have often led to a downgrading in their professional and employment qualifications, isolation from the mainstream community and the experience of loneliness for the older generation. In addition, many of the participants still experience fear both in Australia and in their home country when they return for a visit. The findings indicate that the provision of extra services, such as counselling, could facilitate their resettlement and integration into Australian society.
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Santos, Beatriz. "From El Salvador to Australia: A 20th century exodus to a promised land." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2006. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/3c12cd62185d673c03bac318e78bf7815e24843f784b283799c03609818b3d8e/5156058/65075_downloaded_stream_300.pdf.
El Salvador, the smallest and the most densely populated state in the region of Central America, was gripped by a civil war in the 1980s that resulted in the exodus of more than a million people. This thesis explores the causes that led to the exodus. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part contains a historical and theoretical analysis of El Salvador from the time of conquest until the 1980s. An examination of the historical background of the socio-economic and political conflict in El Salvador during this period sets the scene for an account of the mass exodus of Salvadorans in the 1980s. The second part of the thesis involves a qualitative study of Salvadoran refugees, which concentrates on their experiences before and after arriving in Australia. The study explores both the reasons for the Salvadorans' becoming refugees and their resettlement in Melbourne. In an effort to explain some of the reasons for the socio-economic and political conflict in El Salvador in the 1980s, some concepts and ideas from different theoretical perspectives are utilized: modernisation theory, world-systems theory, dependency theory, elite theory, Foco theory of revolution and economic rationalism. The historical account covers the period from the expansion of the European world economy in the 16th century up to the political conflict of the 1980s. When the Salvadorans began to arrive in Melbourne, the micro-economic agenda in Australia was based on economic rationalism. This shifted the focus away from the state and onto a market-based approach that emphasised vigorous competition and fore grounded a non-collective social framework. The changes to policies in the welfare and immigration areas resulting from this shift are examined for their impact on the resettlement experiences of Salvadoran refugees. The United States foreign policy is also delineated because of the impact it had on the political, economic and social situation in El Salvador.;The thesis focused on the time-period from the 1823 Monroe Doctrine to the era of the Cold War of 'containment of communism'. The Catholic Church has also played a major influence in the political, social and religious life of Salvadorans. The changes that occurred in the post-1965 renewal of the Catholic Church were influential in the political struggles in El Salvador. The second part of the thesis involves a qualitative research study of a small group of 14 Salvadoran refugees. Participants were selected from different professional, educational and socioeconomic backgrounds. The study examines their flight from El Salvador, their arrival in Australia and their long-term experiences of resettlement. Tracking the experiences of refugees over a considerable period of time has seldom been the focus of a research study in Australia. The Salvadorans have been under-researched and no longitudinal studies have been conducted. The Salvadorans who took part in the study became refugees for diverse reasons ranging from political/religious reasons to random repression but certainly not for economic reasons. Their past experiences have influenced their resettlement in Australia and their attempts to build their lives anew have been fraught with difficulties. The difficulties in acquiring a working knowledge of the English language have often led to a downgrading in their professional and employment qualifications, isolation from the mainstream community and the experience of loneliness for the older generation. In addition, many of the participants still experience fear both in Australia and in their home country when they return for a visit. The findings indicate that the provision of extra services, such as counselling, could facilitate their resettlement and integration into Australian society.
J, Srzednicki Jan T., Wood David, and University of Melbourne. Dept. of Philosophy., eds. Essays on philosophy in Australia. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992.
Carmichael, Gordon. Decisions to Have Children in Late 20th and Early 21st Century Australia. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6079-0.
(Program), BEACH. General practice activity in the states and territories of Australia, 1998-2003. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2003.
Book chapters on the topic "Literacy in 20th century Australia":
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Hébrard, Jean. "10. The Graphic Space of the School Exercise Books in France in the 19th-20th century." In Studies in Written Language and Literacy, 173. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/swll.6.13heb.
Carmichael, Gordon A. "Decisions to Have Children in Late 20th and Early 21st Century Australia." In Decisions to Have Children in Late 20th and Early 21st Century Australia, 1–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6079-0_1.
Munteanu, Ioan. "The Evolution of Literacy in the Historical Banat of the Late 19th and early 20th century." In Intercultural Conflict and Harmony in the Central European Borderlands, 175–90. Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14220/9783737006927.175.
Blumberg, Baruch S., Alton I. Sutnick, W. Thomas London, and Liisa Melartin. "Sex Distribution of Australia Antigen." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 468–72. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0047.
LONDON, W. THOMAS, ALTON I. SUTNICK, and BARUCH S. BLUMBERG. "Australia Antigen and Acute Viral Hepatitis." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 262–66. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0021.
BLUMBERG, B. S. "The Natural History of Australia Antigen." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 494–510. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0051.
COYNE(ZAVATONE), VERONICA E., IRVING MILLMAN, JAMES CERDA, B. J. S. GERSTLEY, THOMAS LONDON, ALTON SUTNICK, and BARUCH S. BLUMBERG. "THE LOCALIZATION OF AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 272–84. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0023.
Sutnick, Alton I., James J. Cerda, Philip P. Toskes, W. Thomas London, and Baruch S. Blumberg. "Australia Antigen and Viral Hepatitis in Drug Abusers." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 528–30. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0054.
MILLMAN, IRVING, LAWRENCE A. LOEB, MANFRED E. BAYER, and BARUCH S. BLUMBERG. "AUSTRALIA ANTIGEN (A HEPATITIS-ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN): PURIFICATION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 304–13. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0027.
BLUMBERG, B. S., LIISA MELARTIN, R. A. GUINTO, and BARBARA WERNER. "Family Studies of a Human Serum Isoantigen System (Australia Antigen)." In World Scientific Series in 20th Century Biology, 453–67. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813688_0046.
Conference papers on the topic "Literacy in 20th century Australia":
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Moulis, Antony. "Architecture in Translation: Le Corbusier’s influence in Australia." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.752.
Abstract: While there is an abundance of commentary and criticism on Le Corbusier’s effect upon architecture and planning globally – in Europe, Northern Africa, the Americas and the Indian sub-continent – there is very little dealing with other contexts such as Australia. The paper will offer a first appraisal of Le Corbusier’s relationship with Australia, providing example of the significant international reach of his ideas to places he was never to set foot. It draws attention to Le Corbusier's contacts with architects who practiced in Australia and little known instances of his connections - his drawing of the City of Adelaide plan (1950) and his commission for art at Jorn Utzon's Sydney Opera House (1958). The paper also considers the ways that Le Corbusier’s work underwent translation into Australian architecture and urbanism in the mid to late 20th century through the influence his work exerted on others, identifying further possibilities for research on the topic. Keywords: Le Corbusier; post-war architecture; international modernism; Australian architecture, 20th century architecture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.752
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Carter, Nanette. "The Sleepout." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3999pm4i5.
Going to bed each night in a sleepout—a converted verandah, balcony or small free-standing structure was, for most of the 20th century, an everyday Australian experience, since homes across the nation whether urban, suburban, or rural, commonly included a space of this kind. The sleepout was a liminal space that was rarely a formal part of a home’s interior, although it was often used as a semi-permanent sleeping quarter. Initially a response to the discomfort experienced during hot weather in 19th century bedrooms and encouraged by the early 20th century enthusiasm for the perceived benefits of sleeping in fresh air, the sleepout became a convenient cover for the inadequate supply of housing in Australian cities and towns and provided a face-saving measure for struggling rural families. Acceptance of this solution to over-crowding was so deep and so widespread that the Commonwealth Government built freestanding sleepouts in the gardens of suburban homes across Australia during the crisis of World War II to house essential war workers. Rather than disappearing at the war’s end, these were sold to homeowners and occupied throughout the acute post-war housing shortage of the 1940s and 1950s, then used into the 1970s as a space for children to play and teenagers to gain some privacy. This paper explores this common feature of Australian 20th century homes, a regional tradition which has not, until recently, been the subject of academic study. Exploring the attitudes, values and policies that led to the sleepout’s introduction, proliferation and disappearance, it explains that despite its ubiquity in the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the sleepout slipped from Australia’s national consciousness during a relatively brief period of housing surplus beginning in the 1970s. As the supply of affordable housing has declined in the 21st century, the free-standing sleepout or studio has re-emerged, housing teenagers of low-income families.
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"Literacy of the Population of the Ural at the End of the 19th — First Quarter of the 20th Century (on the Materials of the Ekaterinburgsky Uyezd of the Perm Governorate and the Sverdlovsky Okrug of the Ural Oblast)." In XII Ural Demographic Forum “Paradigms and models of demographic development”. Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/udf-2021-1-8.
In Russia in the late 19th — early 20th century, there was an acute issue of increasing the literacy rate of the population, leading to the development of state measures to improve it. In various regions, the situation with increasing the literacy rate developed in different ways, including in the Ural region. When comparing literacy rates over time, it is necessary to take into account changes in administrative boundaries. The Sverdlovsky okrug as a part of the Ural oblast in 1926 was territorially larger than the Ekaterinburgsky uyezd of the Perm governorate in 1897; it included parts of the Krasnoufimsky and Irbitsky uyezds. Therefore, in this study, the literacy rate of the population was calculated for the three indicated uyezds simultaneously, and the results were compared with the indicators of the Sverdlovsky okrug. Research findings revealed a substantial growth in the literacy of the population. The literacy rate has increased more significantly among the rural population than among the urban population, and among women than among men. However, the literacy gap between them still persisted.
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Moghassemi, Golshan, and Peyman Akhgar. "The Advent of Modern Construction Techniques in Iran: Trans-Iranian Railway Stations (1933-1938)." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3986pe808.
It was only in the early 20th century that the concept of ‘architect’, as defined in Europe, was introduced in Iran. During the nineteenth century, Iranian architects were traditional master builders (me’mars) who would learn architecture after years of working with a master. This unique change in the conception of architecture in Iran took place during the interwar period. In 1926, when Reza Shah founded the Pahlavi dynasty, his policies toward rapid modernisation transformed the way architectural design and practice was performed in Iran. Among Reza Shah’s earliest programs was the construction of numerous railway stations, extended from north to south, and for that, he invited Western-educated architects and European companies to Iran. The architecture of railway stations became one among the earliest examples of Iranian modern architecture, leading to the introduction of modern materials such as reinforced concrete to Iran. By considering Reza Shah’s nationalist policies and progressive agenda, this article investigates the architecture of railway stations, illuminating how their construction paved the way for the arrival of modern architecture and the development of construction technology in 1930s Iran.
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Ardava-Āboliņa, Laura. "30 Years after the Barricades of January 1991: Media Event for the Transfer of Collective Memory and Knowledge of History." In 80th International Scientific Conference of the University of Latvia. University of Latvia Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2022.74.
In the middle of pandemic, January 2021 marked the 30th anniversary of the Barricades of January 1991. Media events have the function of transmitting social memory and teaching history to an audience of children, young people, and people who do not have these memories in their personal experience. Sociologist John Thompson introduced the concept of ‘mediated historicity’ almost two decades ago. He explained that most individuals in Western societies gained their knowledge on 20th century history primarily from media products (Thompson, 2004). The study analyzes the discourses of remembrance of the Barricades in the most popular media in Latvia: “Latvian Television”, www.delfi.lv, Channel TV, www.tvnet.lv, “Latvian Radio 1” (Media Literacy of the Population of Latvia: Quantitative Research, 2020), paying particular attention to the content of the remembrance (exhibitions, concert programs, memories, documentaries, photo competitions for young people, book openings, etc.). The theoretical basis of the research is formed by the theoretical approaches of media event and mediated historicity. Media messages was analyzed with the discourse historical method by Ruth Wodak. The research results confirm the impact of the current epidemiological situation on the sense of the commemoration forms and the emotions of the participants, new educational dimension and orientation towards the past.
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Adelita, Sela Putri, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, and Bhisma Murti. "Meta Analysis: The Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Low Density Lipoprotein Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Melitus." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.42.
ABSTRACT Background: High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a protocol of short work intervals of vigorous to high intensity interspersed with active or passive (cessation of movement) recovery periods. HIIT has been employed since the mid-20th century to improve athletic exercise performance. Regular exercise reduces elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), atherosclerosis formation, and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to examine the effect of high-intensity interval training on low density lipoprotein level in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by search published article from year 2010 to 2020 in PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were full text, using randomized controlled trial study design, high-intensity interval training intervention, and reporting mean and standard deviation. Study subjects were type 2 DM patients aged 25-65 years. The study outcome was LDL reduction. The articles were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and Revman 5.3. Results: 7 studies from America, Europe, Australia, and Asia showed that high intensity interval training reduced LDL level in type 2 DM patients (Mean Difference= -0.06; 95% CI= 1.32 to -0.47; p<0.001) with I2= 92% (p <0.93). Conclusion: High-intensity interval training reduces LDL level in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: high-intensity interval training, low density lipoprotein Correspondence: Sela Putri Adelita. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: Selaadelita558@gmail.com. Mobile: 085357117517. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.42
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Elliniadou, Elena, and Chryssa Sofianopoulou. "STUDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS SCIENCE: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end108.
Students’ attitudes towards science have long occupied the interest of the scientific community. The confirmed decline of students’ interest in pursuing the study of science, alongside the increasing recognition of scientific knowledge’s importance and economic utility, makes the issue even more imperative for any society attempting to raise its standards of scientific literacy. Attitudes towards science have been found to depend on variables like instructional teaching and curriculum. The latest research indicates that childhood experiences serve as a major influence on academic interest. The broad recommendation is to concentrate on improving 10 to 14-year-olds’ experience of science. Despite the recent flurry of media interest and the latest research in the scientific community, the school curriculum in most countries is still teaching obsolete science with scarce reference to current, cutting-edge scientific research. There is an urgent need to introduce the concepts of 20th-century Physics within the curriculum and exciting science programs that will enhance the interactive learning experience among students, as is shown by evaluating reports of OECD and PISA results. While this has led to several changes in the curriculum of secondary schooling in some countries, it is still an imperative case for others and definitely for Greece. There are some individual or institutional projects around the globe that introduce modern science and technology to upper primary students, yet of no nationwide effect. This paper aims to review the latest research on students’ attitudes towards science and to present the possible next research steps in amplifying students’ interest and engagement in science.
