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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Jena, Vinod, Sanjay Ghosh, Sapana Gupta, Piyush Thakur, Noorjahan Ansari, and Natalija Matić. "LIQUID-LIQUID EQUILIBRIA OF THE PHOSPHORIC ACID, ESTER AND WATER TERNARY SYSTEM." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 35, no. 2 (2020): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2020.2.8.

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2

Janovszky, Dóra, and Kinga Tomolya. "Designing Amorphous/Crystalline Composites by Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.473.

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The Cu-Zr-Ag system is characterized by a miscibility gap. The liquid separates into Ag-rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. Yttrium was added to the Cu-Zr-Ag and Cu-Zr-Ag-Al systems and its influence on liquid immiscibility was studied. This alloying element has been chosen to check the effect of the heat of mixing between silver and the given element. In the case of Ag-Y system it is highly negative (-29 kJ/mol). The liquid becomes immiscible in the Cu-Zr-Ag-Y system. To the effect of Y addition the quaternary liquid decomposed into Ag-Y rich and Cu-Zr rich liquids. The Y addition increased the field of miscibility gap. An amorphous/crystalline composite with 6 mm thickness has been successfully produced by liquid-liquid separation based on preliminary calculation of its composition. The matrix was Cu38Zr48Al6Ag8 and the crystalline phases were Ag-Y rich separate spherical droplets.

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3

Saito, Shimpei, Yutaka Abe, Akiko Kaneko, Tetsuya Kanagawa, Yuzuru Iwasawa, Eiji Matsuo, Ken-ichi Ebihara, Hiroshi Sakaba, Kazuya Koyama, and Hideki Nariai. "ICONE23-1886 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON JET INSTABILITY AND BREAKUP BEHAVIOR IN LIQUID-LIQUID SYSTEM." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2015.23 (2015): _ICONE23–1—_ICONE23–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2015.23._icone23-1_421.

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4

El-Samadony, Y. A. F., and B. M. Gibbs. "Energy Efficient Liquid Desiccant Hybrid Air Conditioning System." International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 4, no. 3 (June 2014): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2014.v4.375.

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5

Bin Zhang, Bin Zhang, Shiyu Liu Shiyu Liu, Xianzhu Tang Xianzhu Tang, and and Jian'gang Lu and Jian'gang Lu. "Adaptive modulation system for liquid crystal phase modulator." Chinese Optics Letters 14, no. 9 (2016): 090604–90607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.090604.

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6

Park, Manseok, Sungdong Kim, and Sarah Eunkyung Kim. "TSV Liquid Cooling System for 3D Integrated Circuits." Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society 20, no. 3 (September 30, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.6117/kmeps.2013.20.3.001.

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7

K . Harweel, Cecelia, and Asseel M. Rasheed. "Drop Interface Coalescence in Liquid-Liquid System." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2007): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2007.1.5.

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This investigation is a study of the length of time where drops can exist at an oil-water interface before coalescence take place with a bulk of the same phase as the drops. Many factors affecting the time of coalescence were studied in is investigation which included: dispersed phase flow rate, continuous phase height, hole size in distributor, density difference between phases, and viscosity ratio of oil/water systems, employing three liquid/liquid systems; kerosene/water, gasoil/water, and hexane/water. Higher value of coalescence time was 8.26 s at 0.7ml/ s flow rate, 30cm height and 7mm diameter of hole for gas oil/water system, and lower value was 0.5s at 0.3ml/s flow rate, 10 cm height and 3mm diameter of hole for hexane/water system. It is observed that time of coalescence increased with increase in the dispersed phase flow rate, continuous phase height, hole size in distributor, and viscosity ratio of oil/water system. The results have been analyzed by dimensional and statistical analysis, and a correlation was developed relating coalescence time with the operating/actors and the physical properties of the three oil/water systems.

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8

Di Wang, Di Wang, Qionghua Wang Qionghua Wang, Chuan Shen Chuan Shen, Xin Zhou Xin Zhou, and Chao Liu Chao Liu. "Color holographic zoom system based on a liquid lens." Chinese Optics Letters 13, no. 7 (2015): 072301–72305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201513.072301.

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9

Volden, T., J. Goldowsky, N. Schmid, and V. Revol. "Portable Systems for Metered Dispensing of Aggressive Liquids." SLAS TECHNOLOGY: Translating Life Sciences Innovation 23, no. 5 (May 29, 2018): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472630318775316.

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Precise metering in liquid dispensing applications often requires application-specific solutions due to incompatibilities of the sensor and actuator components with the dispensed liquids. Some reoccurring challenges are aggressive liquids that would damage the sensors or tubing, the need for sterile liquids while the pumps or sensors cannot be sterilized, or media that can clog the sensor channels. Two different dispensing systems are here presented where the dispensing flow rate or volume is indirectly measured through a coupled pressure change or airflow, thus avoiding contact between the sensor and liquid. The controlled pressure-driven dispensing (cPDD) system builds an overpressure in the liquid reservoir by pumping air and controls the opening of the liquid output valve based on the internal pressure development. The FlowCap system uses a liquid pump on the outlet, controlled by the measured inflow of air to the reservoir. Both systems are designed for compactness and portability and offer independent operation, as well as control and communication, over a wireless interface.

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10

Kotrasova, Kamila, and Eva Kormaníková. "A Study on Sloshing Frequencies of Liquid-Tank System." Key Engineering Materials 635 (December 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.635.22.

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Liquid storage tanks are used to store of liquids. During earthquake activity the liquid exerts impulsive and convective pressures (sloshing) on the walls and bottom of tank. In the present paper, experimental and analytical study is taken up to obtain sloshing frequency of liquid contained in rectangular calculating of circular frequencies fluid in rectangular container. Analytical results of first natural frequency are compared with experiment.

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11

KAWANO, Satoyuki, Hiroyuki HASHIMOTO, Akio IHARA, and Takahiro AJIMA. "Liquid Transport System Utilizing Encapsulated Liquid Drops." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW 9, no. 3 (1995): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3811/jjmf.9.221.

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12

Cheng, Y., X. Ye, and H. R. Ma. "Solidlike spreading of a liquid/liquid system." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 18 (October 30, 2006): 181906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2372598.

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13

Watanabe, Masashi, Hirofusa Shirai, and Toshihiro Hirai. "Liquid–liquid two-layer electrohydrodynamic flow system." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 94, no. 3 (October 2003): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-4005(03)00451-9.

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14

Haweel, Cecilia K., and Asseel M. Rasheed Al-Gaheeshy. "Drop Interface Coalescence in Liquid-Liquid System." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2004): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2004.4.4.

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15

Wang, Zhong Yuan, Jie He, Bai Jun Yang, Hong Xiang Jiang, Jiu Zhou Zhao, Tong Min Wang, and Hong Ri Hao. "Liquid Phase Separation and Dual Glassy Structure Formation of Designed Zr-Ce-Co-Cu Alloys." Materials Science Forum 849 (March 2016): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.849.100.

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Development of liquid-phase separated bulk metallic glasses is retarded due to difficulties in finding of immiscible systems with high glass-forming ability (GFA) of coexistent liquids. Zr-Ce alloy is a typical liquid immiscible system characterized by a liquid miscibility gap. We added Co and Cu into the Zr-Ce immiscible system and optimized the composition of the designed Zr-Ce-Co-Cu immiscible alloys. The solidification experiments were carried out for the quaternary alloys. The result indicates that the melt separated into ZrCo-rich and CeCu-rich liquids upon cooling through the miscibility gap. By optimizing the relative atomic ratio of Co:Cu, the coexistent ZrCo-rich and CeCu-rich liquids automatically assembled eutectic compositions during the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Under the condition of fast quenching, the two liquids subsequently undergo liquid-to-glass transition, resulting in the formation of composite structure with two glasses in the samples. We successfully developed phased-separated metallic glasses based on the Zr-Ce-Co-Cu immiscible alloys. This work not only strengthens the understanding in the LLPS but also provides a new strategy on the design of the dual glassy composites.

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16

Maleyka Mammadova, Elshan Aliev, Maleyka Mammadova, Elshan Aliev. "RHEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LIQUID IN MICROCRACKED CHANNELS WITH THE “MICROCRACK-LIQUID” EFFECT DISPLAYED." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 19, no. 01 (February 25, 2024): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm19012024-154.

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Based on experimental and theoretical studies in plane-radial and plane-parallel microcracks, a previously unknown pattern called “microcrack-liquid” effect was established for the first time, that when viscous liquids move in a microcrack at h<hcr, anomalous properties appear, and when anomalous liquids move, rheological parameters increase, at h>hcr these effects disappear. It was revealed that the reason for the manifestation of anomalous properties of Newtonian liquids and the enhancement of the rheological properties of non-Newtonian systems when they move in microcapillary cracks is the new microcrack effect of the “microcrack-liquid” system. The established critical values of crack opening for the studied viscous oils are 160 μm at a temperature of 303 K. Keywords: microcrack opening, non-Newtonian fluids, ultimate shear stress, structural viscosity, microcrack-liquid effect.

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17

Feng, Xianzhang. "Data processing system of continuous temperature measurement for liquid steel." Functional materials 24, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 005–289. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm24.02.285.

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18

Tsuchiya, Y. "Novel liquid-liquid transition in the liquid Se-GeSe system." EPJ Web of Conferences 15 (2011): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20111501001.

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19

Gauni, Sabitha, and Vuddagiri Krishna Vamsi. "Smart Liquid Mixing System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1964, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 072014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1964/7/072014.

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20

Roßberg, R., B. Schmidt, and S. Büttgenbach. "Micro liquid dosing system." Microsystem Technologies 2, no. 1 (March 1995): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02739522.

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21

Alguacil, Francisco J., Irene García-Díaz, Félix A. López, and Olga Rodríguez. "Liquid-liquid extraction of cadmium(II) by TIOACl (tri-iso-octylammonium chloride) ionic liquid and its application to a TIOACl impregnated carbon nanotubes system." Revista de Metalurgia 51, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): e051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.051.

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22

Henning, B., R. Lucklum, B. Kupfernagel, and P. Hauptmanna. "Ultrasonic sensor system for characterization of liquid systems." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 42, no. 1-3 (April 1994): 476–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-4247(94)80037-5.

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23

Li, Shi-Long, Zhong-Quan Nie, Yan-Ting Tian, and Chao Liu. "Liquid Refractive Index Measurement System Based on Electrowetting Lens." Micromachines 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080515.

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In this paper, a liquid refractive index (LRI) measurement system based on an electrowetting lens was proposed. The system is composed of a light source, a collimating lens, a liquid measurement chamber (LMC), an electrowetting lens and an image sensor, which is integrated into a cylindrical cavity. The refractive index of the LMC changes with the addition of the measured liquid, and the incident light cannot be focused on the image plane. By adjusting the driving voltage of the electrowetting lens, the curvature of the liquid-liquid interface changes to focus the incident light onto the image plane. The refractive index of the liquid could be measured according to the voltage value. The proposed LRI measurement system has no mechanical moving parts, and the imaging surface remains stationary, which can make the measurement simply and correctly. The experiments show that the refractive index measurement range of the system can be turned from ~1.3300 to ~1.4040, and the measurement accuracy is 10−4. The system can be used to measure the optical properties of liquids and has broad potential applications in chemical reagent detection and pharmaceutical testing.

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24

Buldyrev, Sergey V., and H. Eugene Stanley. "A system with multiple liquid–liquid critical points." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 330, no. 1-2 (December 2003): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2003.08.003.

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25

Khairulin, Rashid A., Anastasiya A. Belozerova, Rasul N. Abdullaev, and Sergei V. Stankus. "Liquid–liquid equilibrium in the lithium–lanthanum system." Thermochimica Acta 638 (August 2016): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2016.06.021.

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26

Jammoal, Y., and J. M. G. Lee. "Drop velocity in a rotating liquid–liquid system." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 104 (December 2015): 638–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2015.10.003.

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27

Takahashi, Syogo, Kazutoshi Otake, Tolu Takahashi, and Akihiro Iguchi. "Liquid-liquid equilibria of phenol-water-solvent system." KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUNSHU 14, no. 4 (1988): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/kakoronbunshu.14.531.

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28

Kundu, Arunabha, Eric Dumont, Anne-Marie Duquenne, and Henri Delmas. "Mass Transfer Characteristics in Gas-liquid-liquid System." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 81, no. 3-4 (May 19, 2008): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450810341.

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29

Łobodzin, Paulina, Wojciech Piątkiewicz, and Marian Grądkowski. "Regeneration Method of Aqueous, Technological Liquids Using a Dedicated Microfiltration System." Solid State Phenomena 237 (August 2015): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.237.271.

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Aqueous technological liquids are widely used in industrial processes. However, due to limited resources, there is an increasing pressure on their protection and reduction of water consumption by, for example, closing water circulation. It is facilitated by the development of membrane technology. The article describes a method for regenerating aqueous technological liquids used in metal surface treatment processes and cleaning a production plant. This process was conducted inbatchsystem using a mobile microfiltration installation. The working unit was equipped with tubular ceramic membranes having a nominal pore diameter of 0.2 μm, working in across-flowregime. The main advantage of the apparatus is its low weight and high mobility. The installation and method of regeneration were verified during the processing of a model alkaline liquid used for cleaning a plant in the dairy industry. It was found that microfiltration can be used to remove technological impurities (coagulated proteins and fats) from the liquid. The physicochemical properties of the liquid, including alkalinity, remained stable after repeated filtration. This indicates that the purified liquid can circulate in the system and be used in accordance with its original purpose. The proposed solution enables the reduction of water consumption and chemicals used for the preparation of these liquids.

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30

Sedláková, Zuzana, Ivona Malijevská, Karel Řehák, and Pavel Vrbka. "Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium in the Formamide-Acetophenone System." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, no. 9 (2006): 1350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20061350.

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Solid-liquid (s-l) and liquid-liquid (l-l) equilibrium was determined in the binary system formamide-acetophenone. The s-l equilibrium was measured by recording time-temperature cooling and warming curves. The l-l equilibrium was obtained in a wide range of temperatures by the turbidity method. A considerable supercooling preceding solidification made it possible to examine metastable l-l equilibrium yet at temperatures lower than the solidus ones. Activity coefficients evaluated from the stable region of l-l equilibrium were correlated by Novák's modification of the Wilson equation. Calculation of the s-l equilibrium was performed with the obtained parameters. Heat capacity of solid and liquid acetophenone was measured and its dependence on temperature is given. The transition enthalpy betwen two solid modifications of acetophenone is also given.

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31

Gu, Feiyan, Lihua Wang, and Zhaoli Wu. "Vapor−Liquid and Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium for Octane + Maleic Anhydride System." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 47, no. 4 (July 2002): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je000383g.

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32

Rodríguez-Escontrela, Iria, Iago Rodríguez-Palmeiro, Oscar Rodríguez, Alberto Arce, and Ana Soto. "Liquid–liquid–liquid equilibria for water+[P66614][DCA]+dodecane ternary system." Fluid Phase Equilibria 405 (November 2015): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2015.07.022.

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33

Rashid, Muhammad Mahbubur, Abdullah Al Mamun, Abdul Hassan Jaafar, and Md Sajib Mollik. "Development of Non-Contact Liquid Level Measurement and Data Storage System." International Journal of Engineering Materials and Manufacture 3, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26776/ijemm.03.03.2018.02.

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The normal contact type liquid measurement devices have some drawbacks since they have potential damage due to the sensor fouling or corrosion since those are continuously exposed to the liquid. Especially flash flood may cause the damage of liquid level sensor. So that, it is important to design a non-contact device for liquid level measurement in order to avoid this constrain. Distance can be measured without contact such as laser, ultrasonic and radar. In this research, ultrasonic sensor is used to provide non-contact feature of the device since it is low cost and uses ultra-sound waves rather than light. This vital sensing device is able to sense uneven surfaces, liquids, clear objects, and objects in dirty environments. This paper discussed the measurement of liquid level in a tank as well as storing historical data.

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34

Rotrekl, Jan, Pavel Vrbka, Zuzana Sedláková, Zdeněk Wagner, Johan Jacquemin, and Magdalena Bendová. "Solid–liquid equilibria in systems [Cxmim][Tf2N] with diethylamine." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-1119.

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AbstractIn the present work, the solid–liquid–liquid equilibrium in the binary system of diethylamine (1) and ionic liquid (2) 1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and solid–liquid equilibrium in system 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was studied. Phase equilibrium was determined experimentally by means of a polythermic method. These data were then used to determine the activity coefficients for both ionic liquids. For the pure diethylamine the enthalpy of fusion was determined by differential scanning calorimetry, because to the best of our knowledge, this data is not yet reported in the open literature, a contrario of pure ionic liquids tested during this work.

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35

Ali-Hikmet Akhmedov, Ahmad Dadash-zadeh, Ali-Hikmet Akhmedov, Ahmad Dadash-zadeh. "INFLUENCE OF GAS BUBBLES ON THE OPERATION OF A CENTRIFUGAL PUMP." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 11, no. 03 (May 23, 2022): 04–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm11032022-04.

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Analysis shows that many liquids contain soluble gas in them. Such fluids have low viscosity and density. However, when pumping liquids, a number of problems arise, one of which is the appearance of bubbles in the mixture. Such liquids with gas do not obey the law of homogeneous liquid and gas. Therefore, in recent years, special attention has been paid to the hydromechanics of two-phase systems, such as oil-gas, water-steam, etc. the appearance of gas bubbles also affects the operation of centrifugal pumps, which manifests itself during pumping. Keywords: centrifugal pump, gas-liquid system, gas bubbles, torque on the shaft, power, mass of liquid.

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36

Gupta, Sapna, Rajeev Gupta, and Subhransu Padhee. "Parametric system identification and robust controller design for liquid–liquid heat exchanger system." IET Control Theory & Applications 12, no. 10 (July 3, 2018): 1474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2017.1128.

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37

Xu, Guang Shen, Da Hai Yan, Ya Ning Wang, and Kong Liang Ju. "Research of the Liquid Level Detection System for Integral Stereolithography System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.32.

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To improve the dimension accuracy of integral stereolithography (SL) system, the resin liquid level in SL system need controlled. Based on the measuring principle of laser triangulation, a laser liquid level detection system for SL system has been developed. The laser liquid level detection system consists of light source, Position Sensitive Detectors (PSD), PSD signal processing circuit and data acquisition system. According to the principle that electrical signal of PSD changes when resin liquid level vary, a PSD is employed to detect the liquid level height in the liquid level detection system. Confirmation experiment is conduct to test the accuracy of the detection system, and the experiment results indicated that deviation is 0.34% in the range of 6mm, and satisfy the accuracy requirement of integral SL system.

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38

Sedláková, Zuzana, Hélène Sauton, Vladimír Hynek, and Ivona Malijevská. "Solid-Liquid Equilibrium in the Systems with an Ionic Liquid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 5 (2008): 657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080657.

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An active interest in ionic liquids has grown over the last years. This relatively new class of solvents appears to be potentially useful as a "greener" alternative to volatile organic compounds. This work was aimed at studying the effect of addition of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride to two systems (acetic acid (1)-formamide (2) and propionic acid (1)-formamide (2)) on formation of a compound in the solid phase. In previous work, the presence of a solid compound with a formula (CH3COOH)2·HCONH2 was investigated in the binary system acetic acid (1)-formamide (2) and a stable solid compound with a different formula CH3CH2COOH·(HCONH2)2 was found in the binary system propionic acid (1)-formamide (2). In both cases the compound formation is attributed to a strong cross-association (O···H···N). Solid-liquid equilibrium of the systems measured in this work was determined from time-temperature warming curves. In both measured ternary systems with a small addition of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (i.e. the systems acetic acid (1)-formamide (2)-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (3) and propionic acid (1)-formamide (2)-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (3)) the above mentioned stable solid compounds are formed and the corresponding melting temperature of these compounds decreased. Dissociation parameters were modelled thermodynamically for solid adducts.

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39

AlArga, Ahmed Salem Daw. "Liquid Level Control System with arduino Uno and Labview." مجلة الجامعة الأسمرية: العلوم التطبيقية 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 68–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.59743/aujas.v2i1.1057.

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The control of the level of liquids inside the tanks is urgently needed by a lot of industrial applications, because it is very important in the success of the productive cycle in industrial fields.This paper aims to design a liquid level control system in a tank in terms of (height and low), by controlling the tank filling pump as well as controlling the fluid discharge valve by setting the user to the set points that determine the level of fluid required within the tank, through the control panel (front panel), where the minimum level and highest level of liquid has been set, So that the liquid does not rise from the top level and the same for the minimum level. The actual value of the liquid level inside the reservoir is compared with the control points using the Arduino Uno controller, liquid level are sensed inside the tank by using the ultrasonic sensor and send those signals to the arduino controller to issue the appropriate command of the pump and valve in terms of opening and closing.The Labview program was used to write the code for the control system as well as to load the code on the Arduino Uno microcontroller and to run the system in practice. The actual level of the liquid was actually was sensed and displayed on the control panel in the Labview program, where running the pump and valve in different cases in suitable time.

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40

Liang, Yumeng, Anfu Zhou, Huanhuan Zhang, Xinzhe Wen, and Huadong Ma. "FG-LiquID." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 5, no. 3 (September 9, 2021): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3478075.

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Contact-less liquid identification via wireless sensing has diverse potential applications in our daily life, such as identifying alcohol content in liquids, distinguishing spoiled and fresh milk, and even detecting water contamination. Recent works have verified the feasibility of utilizing mmWave radar to perform coarse-grained material identification, e.g., discriminating liquid and carpet. However, they do not fully exploit the sensing limits of mmWave in terms of fine-grained material classification. In this paper, we propose FG-LiquID, an accurate and robust system for fine-grained liquid identification. To achieve the desired fine granularity, FG-LiquID first focuses on the small but informative region of the mmWave spectrum, so as to extract the most discriminative features of liquids. Then we design a novel neural network, which uncovers and leverages the hidden signal patterns across multiple antennas on mmWave sensors. In this way, FG-LiquID learns to calibrate signals and finally eliminate the adverse effect of location interference caused by minor displacement/rotation of the liquid container, which ensures robust identification towards daily usage scenarios. Extensive experimental results using a custom-build prototype demonstrate that FG-LiquID can accurately distinguish 30 different liquids with an average accuracy of 97%, under 5 different scenarios. More importantly, it can discriminate quite similar liquids, such as liquors with the difference of only 1% alcohol concentration by volume.

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41

Centeno González, Luz María, Eduardo Castillo Castañeda, Luis Omar Becerra Santiago, and Alberto Rochín García. "A magnetic suspension system for measuring liquid density." Ingeniería e Investigación 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v33n1.37666.

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Density is a derived quantity of mass and length; it is defined as mass per volume unit and its SI unit is kg/m3. National metrology institutes have been designing and building their own magnetic suspension systems during the last 5 decades for making fluid density measurements; this has allowed them to carry out research into liquids and gases' physical characteristics. This paper was aimed at designing and developing a magnetic suspension system for a magnetic balance used in determining liquid density to be used in CENAM's metrology density laboratories.

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Mahajan, Jyotsna T., Nayan Gujarathi, Anil Jadhav, Vasim Pathan, and Lakshmikant Borse. "LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE SYSTEM FOR EFFECTIVE TOPICAL DELIVERY OF TOLNAFTATE." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 6, no. 3 (July 20, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v6i3.349.

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The present investigation deals with the formulation, optimization and evaluation of liquid crystalline cream of Tolnaftate. Brij-78 used as a surfactant, Cetostearyl alcohol was used as a co-surfactant and Silicon oil as a oil phase. Liquid crystalline cream system, has a potential for efficient delivery of Tolnaftate (1%), as topical dermal drug delivery system. The liquid crystalline system enhance the diffusion of water insoluble drug Tolnaftate through the skin for effective result. Liquid crystals (LC) are substances that flow like liquids but maintain some of the ordered structure characteristics of crystalline solids. Based on the ways that LCs are generated, they can be classified into two types 1) Thermotropic LCS and 2) Lyotropic LCs. Incorporation of the drug in liquid crystal increased its antimycotic activity against different antifungal microorganisms. Used surfactant enhance the penetration of drug and also improve the solubility of drug. The objective of this study was to increase the diffusion coefficient of drug through the formulation, and also to improve the availability of drug at the site of action. The prepared liquid crystalline cream exhibited the expected, viscosity, drug content, pH, spreadability, in vitro drug release and in vitro antimycotic inhibitory activity. Liquid crystalline cream for tolnaftate was found to be stable cream. It was found to have better in vitrorelease profile characteristics, and in vitro antimycotic activity, it can be concluded that the formulation F5 has better potential of antimicrobial activity and to enhance the diffusion of drug through the cream.

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Raal, J. D., and C. J. Brouckaert. "Vapour-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria in the system methyl butenol-water." Fluid Phase Equilibria 74 (July 1992): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(92)85066-h.

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Bhatelia, Tejas J., Harisinh B. Parmar, Chi Phan, Vishnu K. Pareek, Moses O. Tadé, and Geoffrey M. Evans. "Hydrodynamics of a rectangular liquid JET in an immiscible liquid-liquid system." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 91, no. 1 (December 14, 2011): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20701.

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Frolkova, Anastasia V. "Topological Invariants of Vapor–Liquid, Vapor–Liquid–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Phase Diagrams." Entropy 23, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 1666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23121666.

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The study of topological invariants of phase diagrams allows for the development of a qualitative theory of the processes being researched. Studies of the properties of objects in the same equivalence class may be carried out with the aim of predicting the properties of unexplored objects from this class, or predicting the behavior of a whole system. This paper describes a number of topological invariants in vapor–liquid, vapor–liquid–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibrium diagrams. The properties of some invariants are studied and illustrated. It is shown that the invariant of a diagram with a miscibility gap can be used to distinguish equivalence classes of phase diagrams, and that the balance equation of the singular-point indices, based on the Euler characteristic, may be used to analyze the binodal-surface structure of a quaternary system.

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Bobovnik, Gregor, Tim Mušič, and Jože Kutin. "Liquid Level Detection in Standard Capacity Measures with Machine Vision." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 10, 2021): 2676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082676.

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Capacity measures are commonly used volume standards for testing measuring systems for liquids other than water. Manual readings from the measuring scale can often be difficult due to the location of the capacity measure or to the nature of the measured liquid. This article focuses on the automation of this procedure by using a single camera machine vision system. A camera positioned perpendicular to the transparent neck captures the image of the liquid meniscus and the measuring scale. The volume reading is determined with the user-defined software in the LabVIEW programming environment, which carries out the image preprocessing, detection of the scale marks and the liquid level, correction of lens distortion and parallax effects and final unit conversions. The realized measuring system for liquid level detection in standard capacity measures is tested and validated by comparing the automated measurement results with those taken by the operators. The results confirm the appropriateness of the presented measuring system for the field of legal metrology.

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Samoylenko, N. G., E. N. Shatunova, K. G. Shkadinskiy, B. L. Korsunskiy, and A. A. Berlin. "Steady state types for CSTR. Heterogeneous system liquid - liquid." Доклады Академии наук 486, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-56524863322-325.

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For a heterogeneous liquid - liquid system in which an exothermal reaction takes place, the topology and stability of the steady states of CSTR are investigated. It is shown that the thermal effect of the reaction, the magnitude of the energy barrier and the intensity of mass transfer strongly influence the type of steady state that arises. In this case, a change in the topological picture occurs through degenerate steady states.

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Sasaki, Takayuki, and Koichi Takamiya. "Liquid-Liquid Micro Batch Extraction System for Rapid Separation." Chemistry Letters 32, no. 2 (February 2003): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.2003.184.

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Rusakov, G. M., L. D. Son, L. I. Leont’ev, and K. Yu Shunyaev. "Liquid-liquid phase transition in a system with impurity." Doklady Physics 51, no. 12 (December 2006): 642–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1028335806120020.

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García-Abuín, Alicia, Diego Gómez-Díaz, and José M. Navaza. "Carbon Dioxide Mass Transfer in Gas–Liquid–Liquid System." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 15 (April 5, 2012): 5585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie202775n.

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