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1
Jing, Wei, Huan Feng, and Xuansheng Cheng. "Dynamic Responses of Liquid Storage Tanks Caused by Wind and Earthquake in Special Environment." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (June 11, 2019): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112376.
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Based on potential flow theory and arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian method, shell–liquid and shell–wind interactions are solved respectively. Considering the nonlinearity of tank material and liquid sloshing, a refined 3-D wind–shell–liquid interaction calculation model for liquid storage tanks is established. A comparative study of dynamic responses of liquid storage tanks under wind, earthquake, and wind and earthquake is carried out, and the influences of wind speed and wind interference effect on dynamic responses of liquid storage tank are discussed. The results show that when the wind is strong, the dynamic responses of the liquid storage tank under wind load alone are likely to be larger than that under earthquake, and the dynamic responses under wind–earthquake interaction are obviously larger than that under wind and earthquake alone. The maximum responses of the tank wall under wind and earthquake are located in the unfilled area at the upper part of the tank and the filled area at the lower part of the tank respectively, while the location of maximum responses of the tank wall under wind–earthquake interaction is related to the relative magnitude of the wind and earthquake. Wind speed has a great influence on the responses of liquid storage tanks, when the wind speed increases to a certain extent, the storage tank is prone to damage. Wind interference effect has a significant effect on liquid storage tanks and wind fields. For liquid storage tanks in special environments, wind and earthquake effects should be considered reasonably, and wind interference effects cannot be ignored.
2
Waghmare, M. V., S. N. Madhekar, and V. A. Matsagar. "Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of RC Elevated Liquid Storage Tanks." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 1785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.719.
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Liquid storage tanks are strategically important due to their essential requirement of service in the post-earthquake situation. Numerical modeling of the liquid storage tank needs special attention and cannot be done in the same manner as that of the conventional buildings. In the present paper, a numerical simulation of the RC elevated liquid storage tank is presented. The staging of the tank is modeled as a multi-degree freedom system, and the container with contained liquid is modeled as a two-mass system. Free vibration analysis of the tank is carried out, and mode shapes are extracted. Further, to study the seismic response of the tank, nonlinear time history analysis is carried out. The tank is subjected to time histories of real earthquake ground motions. The varying level of the liquid in the container is another characteristic feature of tanks. The filled condition of the tank is taken into account by considering the aspect ratio (S), defined as the ratio of height of the liquid to the radius of the container. The response of the tanks with two different aspect ratios viz. 0.5 (broad) and 2.0 (slender) is studied. The linear modal analysis also carried out to understand the significance of nonlinear analysis, particularly in liquid storage tanks. Displacement, velocity, and acceleration response at the bracing levels, as well as at container levels, are obtained. Additionally, the base shear response is also obtained. The effect of aspect ratio on the free vibration analysis and the seismic response of the tanks are presented. Liquid storage tanks are special structures that have typically low fundamental natural frequencies. The nonlinear time history response of the tank showed that the higher displacement and velocity response occurs at the convective level. It is found that the linear modal analysis significantly underestimates the response of the liquid storage tank.
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Zhang, Yuan, and You Hai Guan. "Seismic Response Analysis of Large Liquid Storage Tanks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2490–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2490.
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Due to frequent earthquakes in recent years, the seismic safety of large storage tank is very important. In this paper, seismic response of large liquid storage tanks is analyzed. A model for liquid storage tank is established firstly. By modality analysis, dynamic behavior of large storage tank is obtained. After the model is excitated by seismic, seismic responses are obtained. The conclusions show that, without considering liquid-solid coupling, "elephant foot" buckling phenomenon doesn’t appear. This study provides reference for seismic design and seismic performance study of large storage tank.
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Chen, J. Z., and M. R. Kianoush. "Generalized SDOF system for dynamic analysis of concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks: effect of tank parameters on response." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 2 (February 2010): 262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-132.
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This paper presents the results of parametric studies on the seismic response of concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks using the generalized single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system. The effects of height of liquid and width of tank on the dynamic response of liquid storage tanks are investigated. The liquid level varies from the empty condition to a full tank. Also, instead of the commonly used ratio of width of tank to liquid height, Lx/HL, the ratio of width of tank to full height of the tank wall, Lx/Hw, is used as a characteristic parameter of tanks to study the effect of tank size on the dynamic response. The trends of added mass of liquid, effective height, and natural frequencies for different sizes of tanks are established. The values of the added mass of liquid due to impulsive hydrodynamic pressure and the effective height in the relationship with the ratios Lx/Hw and HL/Hw are determined and can be used in the seismic design of liquid storage tanks. Since the natural frequencies of liquid-containing structures are within a band of frequencies between that of a full tank and that of an empty tank, the recommended frequency to be used in the design of the tank wall is the frequency that causes the maximum dynamic response .
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Rammerstorfer, Franz G., Knut Scharf, and Franz D. Fisher. "Storage Tanks Under Earthquake Loading." Applied Mechanics Reviews 43, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3119154.
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This is a state-of-the-art review of various treatments of earthquake loaded liquid filled shells by the methods of earthquake engineering, fluid dynamics, structural and soil dynamics, as well as the theory of stability and computational mechanics. Different types of tanks and different possibilities of tank failure will be discussed. We will emphasize cylindrical above-ground liquid storage tanks with a vertical axis. But many of the treatments are also valid for other tank configurations. For the calculation of the dynamically activated pressure due to an earthquake a fluid-structure-soil interaction problem must be solved. The review will describe the methods, proposed by different authors, to solve this interaction problem. To study the dynamic behavior of liquid storage tanks, one must distinguish between anchored and unanchored tanks. In the case of an anchored tank, the tank bottom edge is fixed to the foundation. If the tank is unanchored, partial lifting of the tank’s bottom may occur, and a strongly nonlinear problem has to be solved. We will compare the various analytical and numerical models applicable to this problem, in combination with experimental data. An essential aim of this review is to give a summary of methods applicable as tools for an earthquake resistant design, which can be used by an engineer engaged in the construction of liquid storage tanks.
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Saha, Sandip Kumar, Vasant A. Matsagar, and Arvind K. Jain. "Earthquake Response of Base-Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks for Different Isolator Models." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 08, no. 05 (December 2014): 1450013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431114500134.
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The effect of different isolator parameters on earthquake response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks is investigated herein. Mechanical analog, with three lumped masses, is used to model ground supported base-isolated liquid storage tank, and analyzed for recorded earthquake ground accelerations. The nonlinear force–deformation behavior of the isolator is mathematically modeled in two different ways, represented by (a) equivalent linear elastic-viscous and (b) bi-linear hysteretic behaviors. The equations of motion for the base-isolated tank are derived and solved in the incremental form using Newmark's step-by-step method of integration. Two different configurations of liquid storage tank (i.e. broad and slender) are considered to show the effect of the equivalent linear and bi-linear modeling of the isolator on the important earthquake response quantities. Effect of nonlinear hysteretic modeling of the isolator on peak response of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks is also investigated. The effect on earthquake response of the base-isolated liquid storage tank is studied for different parameters of the isolator for a range of slenderness ratio of the tank. The parameters considered include the characteristic strength of the isolator, isolation time period, isolator yield displacement etc. Significant difference is observed in the earthquake response of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks owing to the equivalent linear and bi-linear modeling approaches of the isolator. However, for bi-linear and nonlinear hysteretic modeling of the isolator, difference between the peak earthquake response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks are insignificant. The earthquake response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks is significantly influenced by the variation in the isolator parameters and slenderness ratio of the tank.
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Baghban, Mohammad Hajmohammadian, Seyed Vahid Razavi Tosee, Kiyanets A. Valerievich, Leila Najafi, and Iman Faridmehr. "Seismic Analysis of Baffle-Reinforced Elevated Storage Tank Using Finite Element Method." Buildings 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050549.
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The sloshing phenomenon is an important field of fluid dynamics in liquid storage tanks under earthquake excitation. When the sloshing frequency gets close to the liquid tank’s natural frequency, the resulting resonance could lead to instability and even damage to structures, followed by catastrophic economic losses and environmental damages. As passive control devices, baffles are a place for liquid energy dissipation. This study uses annular and horizontal baffles to evaluate the baffles’ relative effectiveness on the elevated storage tanks’ dynamic response. The analysis results are compared with those of elevated storage tanks with no baffles. The flexible and rigid storage tank analysis is examined here, where half of the tank height is filled with liquid. The structural interaction between the liquid, the (horizontal and annular) baffle, and the elevated storage tank affected by seismic action are investigated using Abaqus software. The results confirm that using the baffles, the maximum base shear force in flexible and rigid elevated storage tanks decreases as much as 26.43% and 31.90%, respectively, and the maximum hydrodynamic pressure reduction in the tank is 50.1%.
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Baghban, Mohammad Hajmohammadian, Seyed Vahid Razavi Tosee, Kiyanets A. Valerievich, Leila Najafi, and Iman Faridmehr. "Seismic Analysis of Baffle-Reinforced Elevated Storage Tank Using Finite Element Method." Buildings 12, no. 5 (April 25, 2022): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050549.
Full textAbstract:
The sloshing phenomenon is an important field of fluid dynamics in liquid storage tanks under earthquake excitation. When the sloshing frequency gets close to the liquid tank’s natural frequency, the resulting resonance could lead to instability and even damage to structures, followed by catastrophic economic losses and environmental damages. As passive control devices, baffles are a place for liquid energy dissipation. This study uses annular and horizontal baffles to evaluate the baffles’ relative effectiveness on the elevated storage tanks’ dynamic response. The analysis results are compared with those of elevated storage tanks with no baffles. The flexible and rigid storage tank analysis is examined here, where half of the tank height is filled with liquid. The structural interaction between the liquid, the (horizontal and annular) baffle, and the elevated storage tank affected by seismic action are investigated using Abaqus software. The results confirm that using the baffles, the maximum base shear force in flexible and rigid elevated storage tanks decreases as much as 26.43% and 31.90%, respectively, and the maximum hydrodynamic pressure reduction in the tank is 50.1%.
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Shrimali, M. K., and R. S. Jangid. "Dynamic Analysis of Liquid Storage Tanks with Sliding Systems." Advances in Structural Engineering 6, no. 2 (May 2003): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943303769013237.
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Dynamic response of liquid storage tanks isolated by the sliding systems is investigated under real earthquake ground motion. The frictional force of sliding systems is modelled by conventional and hysteretic models. The continuous liquid mass is lumped as convective mass, impulsive mass and rigid mass. The corresponding stiffness associated with these lumped masses is worked out depending upon the properties of the tank wall and liquid mass. The governing equations of motion of the tank with sliding system are derived and solved by Newmark's step-by-step method with iterations. The frictional force mobilized at the interface of the sliding system is assumed to be velocity dependent. For comparative study, the seismic response of isolated liquid storage tank obtained by the conventional model is compared with the corresponding response obtained by the hysteretic model. In order to measure the effectiveness of isolation system, the seismic response of isolated tank is compared with that of the non-isolated tank. A parametric study is also conducted to study the effects of aspect ratio of tank on the effectiveness of seismic isolation of liquid storage tanks. It is found that the sliding systems are quite effective in reducing the earthquake response of liquid storage tanks. In addition, the conventional and the hysteretic model of the sliding system predict the same seismic response of liquid storage tanks. However, the conventional model is relatively more computationally efficient as compared to the hysteretic model.
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Shrimali, M. K., and R. S. Jangid. "Seismic Response of Base-Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks." Journal of Vibration and Control 9, no. 10 (October 2003): 1201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754603030612.
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We investigate the seismic response of liquid storage tanks isolated by lead-rubber bearings. The force-deformation behavior of the bearings is considered as bi-linear modeled by the Wen equation. The continuous liquid mass of the tank is modeled as a sloshing mass, impulsive mass and rigid mass. The corresponding stiffness associated with these masses has been worked out depending upon the properties of the tank wall and liquid mass. The governing equations of motion of the three-degrees-of-freedom model of the isolated liquid storage tank are derived. Since the force-deformation behavior of the bearings is non-linear, as a result, the seismic response is obtained using the Newmark step-by-step method under several recorded earthquake ground motions. The responses of two types of tanks, namely slender and broad, are compared with the corresponding response without an isolation system in order to investigate the effectiveness of the isolation system. A parametric study is also carried out to study the effects of important system parameters on the effectiveness of seismic isolation for liquid storage tanks. The various important parameters considered are the aspect ratio of the tank, period, damping and the yield strength of the isolation system. It has been observed that the seismic isolation of the tanks is quite effective and the response of isolated liquid storage tanks is significantly influenced by the above system parameters. There is an optimum value of isolation damping for which the base shear in the tank attains the minimum value. Therefore, increasing the bearing damping beyond a certain value decreases the bearing and sloshing displacements but it increases the base shear.
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Sivý, Martin, and Miloš Musil. "Seismic Resistance of Storage Tanks Containing Liquid in Accordance with Principles of Eurocode 8 Standard." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2016-0021.
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Abstract Large capacity tanks storing various liquids are important components in distribution and transmission systems. During operation tanks can be subjected to different types of loading. Therefore, maximum attention must be paid to the tank design to capture all possible causes and forms of failures. The article deals with the procedure for seismic resistance of liquid storage tanks which are in accordance with the principles of Eurocode 8 standard. The seismic analysis is performed on flexible (steel) circular vertical ground-supported model of tank containing liquid (water). The main aim is to determine basic seismic characteristics, distributions of hydrodynamic pressure, dynamic properties and response of investigated tank-liquid system subjected to earthquake excitation (El Centro). Seismic analysis and results comparison are carried out on mechanical spring-mass model (Eurocode 8) and finite element model (ANSYS).
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Zhang, Ling Xin, Xiao Jing Tan, Jie Ping Liu, and Jiang Rong Zhong. "Seismic Response Analysis of Large Liquid Storage Tank Considering Fluid-Structure Interaction." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.983.
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To large liquid storage tank, based on the potential flow theory, considering fluid-structure interaction, the potential-based elements and the shell elements are used to simulate the liquid and the tank, respectively. Using the displacement-velocity potential finite element method formulas, the seismic response analysis method of the liquid storage tank is obtained, and is implemented based on the ADINA program. Some useful conclusions of the tanks under the earthquake loadings are obtained through two examples, which provide the reference for the seismic design theory and the seismic performance, and provide the analysis approach for the damage behavior and loss assessment of liquid storage tank.
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Cheng, Xu Dong, Jing Jing Hu, and Li Ming Zhao. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Vertical Cylindrical Storage Tanks Based on ADINA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 1482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.1482.
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Storage tanks after earthquake disaster may create the serious consequence, so their anti-seismic problems have drawn greater attention, and their seismic response become the focus of research. Considering the liquid-solid coupling and the interaction between foundation and storage tanks，three different volumes of storage tanks that have different liquid height were simulated under the earthquake using the software ADINA. The liquid sloshing wave height, peak acceleration of tank wall and hydrodynamic pressure were analyzed. The results show that the peak sloshing wave height shows a rising trend basically with the increase of liquid height, and the roofs of large tanks are more easier to be destroyed by liquid sloshing. With the increase of liquid height and tank volume, the response of peak acceleration is greater. The hydrodynamic pressure increases with the decrease of liquid height. Near the bottom of tank wall the value of hydrodynamic pressure is relatively large, so elephant foot buckling is easier to happen in that area.
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Kotrasova, Kamila, and Ivan Grajciar. "Dynamic Analysis of Liquid Storage Cylindrical Tanks due to Earthquake." Advanced Materials Research 969 (June 2014): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.969.119.
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Ground-supported tanks are used to store a variety of liquids. This paper provides theoretical background of seismic design of liquid storage ground-supported circular tanks. During earthquake activity the liquid exerts impulsive and convective (sloshing) actions on the walls and bottom of the circular tank. Seismic response was calculated by using the seismic response spectrum. Knowledge of these inner forces is important for design of reservoirs.
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Jadhav, M. B., and R. S. Jangid. "Response of Base-Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks." Shock and Vibration 11, no. 1 (2004): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/276030.
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Seismic response of liquid storage tanks isolated by elastomeric bearings and sliding system is investigated under real earthquake ground motions. The continuous liquid mass of the tank is modeled as lumped masses known as sloshing mass, impulsive mass and rigid mass. The coupled differential equations of motion of the system are derived and solved in the incremental form using Newmark's step-by-step method with iterations. The seismic response of isolated tank is studied to investigate the comparative effectiveness of various isolation systems. A parametric study is also carried out to study the effect of important system parameters on the effectiveness of seismic isolation for liquid storage tanks. The various important parameters considered are: (i) aspect ratio of the tank and (ii) the time period of the isolation systems. It was observed that both elastomeric and sliding systems are found to be effective in reducing the earthquake forces of the liquid storage tanks. However, the elastomeric bearing with lead core is found to perform better in comparison to other systems. Further, an approximate model is proposed for evaluation of seismic response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks. A comparison of the seismic response evaluated by the proposed approximate method and an exact approach is made under different isolation systems and system parameters. It was observed that the proposed approximate analysis provides satisfactory response estimates of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks under earthquake excitation.
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Mihajlovic, Marina, Ana Veljasevic, Jovan Jovanovic, and Mica Jovanovic. "Estimation of evaporative losses during storage of crude oil and petroleum products." Chemical Industry 67, no. 1 (2013): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120301050s.
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Storage of crude oil and petroleum products inevitably leads to evaporative losses. Those losses are important for the industrial plants mass balances, as well as for the environmental protection. In this paper, estimation of evaporative losses was performed using software program TANKS 409d which was developed by the Agency for Environmental Protection of the United States - US EPA. Emissions were estimated for the following types of storage tanks: fixed conical roof tank, fixed dome roof tank, external floating roof tank, internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank. Obtained results show quantities of evaporated losses per tone of stored liquid. Crude oil fixed roof storage tank losses are cca 0.5 kg per tone of crude oil. For floating roof, crude oil losses are 0.001 kg/t. Fuel oil (diesel fuel and heating oil) have the smallest evaporation losses, which are in order of magnitude 10-3 kg/tone. Liquids with higher Reid Vapour Pressure have very high evaporative losses for tanks with fixed roof, up to 2.07 kg/tone. In case of external floating roof tank, losses are 0.32 kg/tone. The smallest losses are for internal floating roof tank and domed external floating roof tank: 0.072 and 0.044, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that the liquid with low volatility of low BTEX amount can be stored in tanks with fixed roof. In this case, the prevailing economic aspect, because the total amount of evaporative loss does not significantly affect the environment. On the other hand, storage of volatile derivatives with high levels of BTEX is not justified from the economic point of view or from the standpoint of the environment protection.
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Waghmare, Manisha V., Suhasini N. Madhekar, and Vasant A. Matsagar. "Influence of Nonlinear Fluid Viscous Dampers on Seismic Response of RC Elevated Storage Tanks." Civil Engineering Journal 6 (December 9, 2020): 98–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-sp(emce)-09.
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The numerical investigation on the seismic response of RC elevated liquid storage tanks installed with viscous dampers is presented. A discrete two-mass model for the liquid and multi-degree of freedom system for staging, installed with the dampers are developed for Reinforced Concrete (RC) elevated liquid storage tanks. The elevated tank is assessed for seismic response reduction when provided with Linear Viscous Damper (LVD) and Nonlinear Viscous Damper (NLVD), installed in the staging. The RC elevated liquid storage tanks are analyzed for two levels of liquid containment in the tank, 100% and 25% of the tank capacity. Three Configurations of placements of dampers viz. dampers at alternate levels (Configuration I and Configuration II) and dampers at all the panels of the staging of the tank (Configuration III) are considered. To study the effect of peak ground acceleration, eight real earthquake time histories with accelerations varying from 0.1 g to 0.93 g are considered. The nonlinearity in the viscous damper is modified by taking force proportional to various velocity exponents. It is found that the nonlinear viscous dampers with lower damping constant result in a comparable reduction in the response of RC elevated liquid storage tank, to that of linear viscous dampers with higher damping constant. A lower damping constant signifies compact the size of the damper. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-SP(EMCE)-09 Full Text: PDF
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Yao, Xiaoguang, Lijun Meng, Peng Chu, and Liang Yao. "Modeling Research and Test Verification of the Seismic Response of a Multistage Series Liquid Tank." Shock and Vibration 2021 (November 17, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9695139.
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Liquid storage tanks are lifeline structures and strategically very important. Heavy damages or even collapse of these facilities subjected to strong earthquakes may cause disastrous consequences. In this paper, the seismic response of a multistage series liquid storage tank was simulated by a finite element method and verified by a scaled-down experiment. The structural flexibility of the tank and the liquid-structure coupling characteristics between the liquid and tank wall were considered in the research. A multimass-block and spring model was employed to be equivalent to the longitudinal vibration of the liquid in the storage tank. The relationships between the connection springs and the elements of the stiffness matrix were explicitly deduced. The seismic response analysis of a four-stage series liquid tank was carried out, and the acceleration response, the stress response of the tank, and the vertical vibration of the liquid were obtained. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, which verifies the effectiveness of the modeling method in this paper.
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Ren, Jiaqi, and Mohammadreza Vafaei. "Study on the Influence of Earthquakes with Different Frequency Content on the Peak Liquid Sloshing Wave Height of Liquid Storage Tank." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2023): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.4.1.184.2023.
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Liquid storage tank is an irreplaceable and extremely important vessel structure used to store liquid medium. In earthquake disaster, the liquid storage tank will not only be seriously damaged directly, but also cause serious secondary disasters, such as fire, explosion, poisoning, nuclear radiation, etc. The peak liquid sloshing wave height is an important reference index to judge whether the seismic design of the liquid storage tank is reasonable or not. The ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity of the earthquake records (shown by A/V ratio) can well represent the characteristics of frequency content of earthquake records. In this paper, the finite element numerical simulation method is used to analyze the seismic response of six rectangular concrete tanks with different liquid heights, and their respective peak liquid sloshing wave heights are calculated. Nine seismic records with different A/V ratios are used, which are low frequency category, medium frequency category and high frequency category and there are three records in each category. At the same time, the equation in Eurocode 8 is used to calculate the peak liquid sloshing wave height of each tank for comparative study. The study results show that the peak liquid sloshing wave height calculated by the Eurocode 8 is greater than that calculated by the finite element method under low frequency and medium frequency earthquake records, indicating that Eurocode 8 is conducive to the preliminary design of the seismic performance of the liquid storage tank. However, in the case of high frequency earthquake records, the calculation result of the finite element method is larger than that of the equation in Eurocode 8. The peak liquid sloshing wave height of the liquid storage tank is more sensitive to the earthquakes with high frequency content, and the Eurocode 8 underestimates the impact of high frequency seismic response on the liquid storage tank.
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Kotrasova, Kamila, and Eva Kormaníková. "A Study on Sloshing Frequencies of Liquid-Tank System." Key Engineering Materials 635 (December 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.635.22.
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Liquid storage tanks are used to store of liquids. During earthquake activity the liquid exerts impulsive and convective pressures (sloshing) on the walls and bottom of tank. In the present paper, experimental and analytical study is taken up to obtain sloshing frequency of liquid contained in rectangular calculating of circular frequencies fluid in rectangular container. Analytical results of first natural frequency are compared with experiment.
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SHRIMALI, M. K., and R. S. JANGID. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS ISOLATION SYSTEMS FOR LIQUID STORAGE TANKS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 02, no. 04 (December 2002): 573–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455402000725.
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A comparative study of performance of various isolation systems for liquid storage tanks is investigated under real earthquake ground motions. The various base isolation systems considered are the laminated rubber bearings (with and without lead core) and sliding isolation systems (with and without restoring force). The isolated liquid storage tank is idealized with three-degrees-of-freedom associated with convective, impulsive and rigid mass under uni-directional earthquake excitation. Since the force-deformation behaviour of the isolation systems is non-linear, as a result, the equations of motion are solved numerically by step-by-step method. In order to measure the effectiveness of the isolation systems, the seismic response of the isolated liquid storage tanks is compared with the corresponding response of non-isolated tanks. Further, the effectiveness of the isolation is also explored for wide range of practical liquid storage tanks considering the influence of tank aspect ratio. It is observed that the isolation systems are quite effective in attenuating the earthquake acceleration transmitted to the tank, which reduces the design seismic forces significantly. Further, it is also found that the sliding type isolation systems are more effective in controlling the response of liquid storage tanks in comparison to the elastomeric bearings. Among the various sliding systems, the resilient-friction base isolator is found to be most effective for seismic isolation of the tanks.
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Goudarzi, M. A., S. R. Sabbagh-Yazdi, and W. Marx. "Seismic Analysis of Hydrodynamic Sloshing Force on Storage Tank Roofs." Earthquake Spectra 26, no. 1 (February 2010): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3283902.
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Large-amplitude sloshing caused by earthquakes may result in liquid impact on the roof of liquid storage tanks. The motivation for this study is better understanding of the sloshing-induced impact via experimental investigations and establishing an analytical approach for evaluation of the maximum impact force on tank roofs. The experimental tests are carried out using a rectangular liquid tank excited by harmonic oscillations. The effects of geometric parameters such as the tank aspect ratio, excitation amplitude and freeboard on maximum liquid impact force are investigated by conducting 140 tests. Based on the conservation of fluid momentum, an analytical solution is developed to model sloshing impact force on tank roofs. The analytical solution parameters are calibrated using the experimental measurements. Finally, the analytical scheme is extended for a systematic process to evaluate the hydrodynamic and hydrostatic components of impact forces for earthquake engineering application.
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KETABDARI, M. J., and H. SAGHI. "NUMERICAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOR OF THE TRAPEZOIDAL STORAGE TANK DUE TO LIQUID SLOSHING IMPACT." International Journal of Computational Methods 10, no. 06 (May 2, 2013): 1350046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876213500461.
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In this paper, a numerical model is developed based on coupled boundary element–finite element methods (BEM–FEM) to minimize liquid sloshing pressure in trapezoidal tank with different sidewall angles. Different geometric shapes such as rectangular, cylindrical, elliptical, spherical and circular conical have already been studied for ship storage tanks by other researchers. In this paper, a new arrangement, i.e., trapezoidal containers is suggested for liquid storage tanks. The tank shape is optimized based on sloshing pressures and forces for a range of frequencies and amplitudes of sway motion and tank configuration. Fluid is considered to be incompressible and inviscid. Therefore, Laplace equation and nonlinear free surface boundary conditions are used to model the sloshing phenomenon. The results validated using available data showed that a new arrangement of trapezoidal storage panels has a better efficiency against sloshing phenomenon than the conventional rectangular tanks.
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Restiawaty, Elvi, Yazid Bindar, Christian Aslan, and Alif Lutfia Masduqi. "Mercury Elemental Storage Tank Design." Reaktor 20, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.20.2.57-67.
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Mercury is a liquid metal that has properties such as toxic, persistent, bioaccumulating, and its vapor can spread around sources so that it is harmful to humans. Despite having dangerous properties, mercury is found in some goods, products, and also waste. Mercury is indicated to be used in several industries, such as artisanal and small-scale gold mining and coal-fired steam power plants. Based on health and environmental considerations, mercury must ultimately be removed from the eco cycle. Mercury storage systems in the long term must be solved so that sustainable development for future generations can be achieved. Currently, there is still no mercury storage system in Indonesia with a good standard design, so the conceptual design study of the mercury elemental storage system is important. In this paper, the storage tanks with a mercury capacity of 35 kilograms, one tonne, and two tonnes were designed to meet mercury storage standards. Several design criteria were used as model development, such as storage capacity, height level, safety factor material, storage temperature, tank life span, and symbols and label. The design results presented in this paper are dimension and engineering drawing of the storage tanks and attributes like spill tray, pallet, and rack.Keywords: environment; hazardous and toxic material; Indonesia; mercury; storage tanks
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Shrimali, M. K., and R. S. Jangid. "The seismic response of elevated liquid storage tanks isolated by lead-rubber bearings." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2003): 141–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.36.3.141-164.
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The seismic response of elevated liquid storage tanks isolated by the lead-rubber bearing is investigated under real earthquake ground motion. Two types of isolated tank models are considered in which the bearings are placed at the base and top of the tower structure. The tank liquid is modelled as lumped masses referred as convective mass, impulsive mass and rigid mass. The corresponding stiffness associated with these lumped masses has been worked out using the properties of the tank wall and liquid mass based on simple single-degree-of-freedom concepts. The mass of the tower structure is lumped equally at top and bottom. The assembled equations of motion are solved by Newmark's step-by-step method with iteration. The seismic response of two types of tanks, namely slender and broad tanks is obtained and a parametric study is carried out to study the effects of important system parameters on the effectiveness of seismic isolation. The various important parameters considered are the tank aspect ratio, the time period of the tower structure, damping and the lime period of the isolation system. It has been observed that the earthquake response of the isolated tank is reduced significantly. Further, it is observed that the isolation is more effective for the tank with a stiff tower structure in comparison to flexible towers. In addition, a simplified analysis is also presented to evaluate the response of the elevated tanks using a two-degrees-of-freedom model and two single degree-of-freedom models. It is observed that the proposed methods predict accurately the seismic response of elevated liquid storage tanks with less computational efforts.
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Kotrasova, Kamila, Eva Kormanikova, and Iveta Hegedusova. "Analysis of the peak vertical displacement of liquid surface due to sloshing." MATEC Web of Conferences 313 (2020): 00023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202031300023.
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When a tank containing liquid vibrates, the liquid exerts hydrodynamic effects on the solid domain of a tank. In the case of roof tanks, a large sloshing wave will impact the wall or roof of the tanks and may cause extensive damage or failure of the tanks. This paper provides the theoretical background of simplified seismic analysis of liquid storage cylindrical ground -supported tanks, and it documents the seismic effect of input motions characteristics on fluid sloshing behaviour.
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Tsipianitis, Alexandros, Andreas Spachis, and Yiannis Tsompanakis. "Combined Optimization of Friction-Based Isolators in Liquid Storage Tanks." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2022): 9879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199879.
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Large-scale tanks are widely used for storing chemicals and fuels. Their failure due to natural (e.g., earthquakes) and/or man-made hazards can lead to disastrous consequences. Nonetheless, they are often constructed in seismic-prone regions. For this reason, base isolation is often used for the seismic protection of large tanks, aiming to “decouple” the superstructure from the imposed ground motions. In this study, a combined optimization formulation is presented in order to further improve the seismic response of a base-isolated tank. The main aim is to optimize both the critical design parameters and the placement of the minimum number of isolators at the base of the tank. In particular, a Cuckoo Search (CS) optimizer is used to optimize the dynamic performance of liquid storage tanks, isolated either via single friction pendulum bearings (SFPB) or triple friction pendulum bearings (TFPB). The main objective is to minimize the eccentricity between the center of mass and the center of rigidity of the isolation system, while appropriate constraints are also imposed. Several cases are examined, while the results are compared with respect to isolator displacement fragility curves, as well as the reduced accelerations at the base of the tank. According to the findings of this study, the tank industry can significantly benefit from the proposed approach, as a more cost-efficient design of the base-isolation system of large-scale tanks can be achieved, i.e., using fewer isolators with optimal key parameters.
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Kalantari, Afshin, Mohammad Reza Nikoomanesh, and Mohammad Ali Goudarzi. "Applicability of Mass-Spring Models for Seismically Isolated Liquid Storage Tanks." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 13, no. 01 (February 2019): 1950002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431119500027.
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Employing base isolation technique for reduction of seismic response of liquid storage tanks has been proved to be quite effective. The main purpose of this paper is to quantitatively clarify, the contribution of convective and impulsive parts of the contained liquid in seismic behavior of an isolated liquid tank. Moreover, the accuracy of the simplified model which is generally used for the prediction of seismic behavior of conventional tanks is examined for isolated liquid tanks. For these purposes, the seismic response of the isolated cylindrical liquid storage tanks is considered using both the exact finite element model and simplified mass-spring model. The fluid–structure interaction is considered in finite element model. The comparison of the results obtained from two models shows that unlike conventionally constructed tanks, the contribution of convective mass cannot be neglected for seismically isolated tanks. Moreover, the accuracy of the simplified model for evaluating the main design parameters including base shear, global overturning moment, and sloshing height is examined for various tank dimensions and earthquake ground motions. The difference between the base shear and overturning moment results in the FE model and the simplified model of an isolated tank limited to 10%. It approves that the simplified mechanical models can be used with confidence for evaluating the seismic design parameters of various isolated tanks. However, the free surface displacement cannot be accurately predicted by simplified models, especially for medium and broad tanks.
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Wang, Botao, Jiahui Zhao, Xiaomao Sun, Heng Zhang, and Yihao Lv. "Liquid State CO2 Simulation Study of Storage Tank Storage Characteristics." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (October 11, 2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ajst.v3i1.1963.
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Liquid CO is formulated for huang 3 well area of the fifth oil production Plant of Changqing Oilfield2Tank storage technology standard, the simulation study of the storage characteristics of the tank, through the study in the unloading, static storage, injection, tank in the process of the factors on the influence of the storage characteristics with the factors, combined with the actual field operation, develop a set of reasonable storage tank application technology, field application.
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Jing, Wei, Jian Shen, and Xuansheng Cheng. "Dynamic Responses of Liquid Storage Tank Under Near Fault Pulse-Like Earthquakes With Different Focal Mechanisms." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2022.27.21848.
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A liquid storage tank has a very extensive role in the petrochemical industry, and earthquake damage will cause very serious consequences. Considering the fluid-solid coupling, material nonlinearity and liquid level shaking dynamic behavior, three-dimensional calculation models of non-isolated and isolated liquid storage tanks are established, respectively. 12 earthquake waves are selected from Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), and there are three earthquake waves of reverse (R), strike slip (SS), reverse oblique (RO) and normal (N) focal mechanisms, respectively. The influence of the focal mechanism on the dynamic responses of the liquid storage tank is investigated. The effectiveness control of sliding isolation on a near fault earthquake is discussed. The influence of the diameter of the limiting device on the shock absorption effect is analyzed. The results show that the order of influence of four types of focal mechanisms on liquid sloshing wave height is as follows: RO$mathrm{>$R$mathrm{>$SS$mathrm{>$N. For the wall displacement, liquid pressure and effective stress of the tank wall, the response under N-type focal mechanism earthquake is generally larger than that of the other three types, and the difference of wall displacement, liquid pressure and wall effective stress under RO, R and SS focal mechanism earthquakes is small. The results show that the dynamic responses of the liquid storage tank under different focal mechanism earthquakes is quite different. Sliding isolation can significantly reduce the dynamic responses of the liquid storage tank under strong near-fault earthquakes, and the diameter of the limiting device will affect the shock absorption effect of sliding isolation.
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Kotrasová, Kamila, and Eva Kormaníková. "Liquid Storage Cylindrical Tank - Earthquake Analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 125 (2017): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201712504009.
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Sierikova, Olena, Volodymyr Koloskov, Kirill Degtyarev, and Olena Strelnikova. "Improving the Mechanical Properties of Liquid Hydrocarbon Storage Tank Materials." Materials Science Forum 1068 (August 19, 2022): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-888232.
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Methods for effective modules evaluation of materials with nanoinclusions of different shapes have been developed. The strength and dynamic characteristics of tanks and structures of fuel tanks and cisterns were determined by solving hydroelastic interaction issues. Especially important are the researches of the structures strength under the impulse, shock and seismic loads conditions. The crucial issue of ensuring the reliability and trouble-free operation of liquid hydrocarbon storage systems today has been remain actual. The aim of the paper is to improve the mechanical properties of liquid hydrocarbon storage tank materials.The refined mathematical model has been proposed to clarify the frequencies and shapes of free tank oscillations of the partially filled by liquid due to the internal partitions presence taking into account the surface tension of the aggregate on the dynamic characteristics of liquid hydrocarbon storage tank at low gravity. The method for studying free and forced oscillations of the elastic rotation shell with the arbitrary meridian partially filled with the ideal incompressible fluid has been developed. To research the free and forced oscillations of shell structures with compartments containing liquid, the method of given shapes has been developed.Nanocomposites with aluminum matrix with steel spherical inclusions and with steel and carbon inclusions-fibers have been considered. The effective modules of these composites have been estimated. The calculations results demonstrate the obtained composite materials strengthening in the while density reducing. The method to specify the static and dynamic characteristics of shell structures made of different composite materials and partially filled with liquid has been developed. Numerical analysis of static and dynamic characteristics for the liquid hydrocarbon storage tank model has been performed.
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Nimbalkar, P. V. "Design of Circular Overhead Water Tank, Modelling and Analysis Using Staad-Pro." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.53662.
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Abstract: Water tanks are frequently used for storing potable water. Due to inadequacy of water around the world, significance is given more on the water storage project. So water storage is very essential as it plays a vital role in everyday life. water tanks and Storage reservoirs are used to store water, petroleum products, liquid petroleum, and similar liquids. All tanks are analysed and designed as crack free structures to get rid off any leakage. This project provides a brief explanation of the theory underlying the manual analysis and design of an overhead circular water tank using the Working Stress Method (WSM) and software modeling and analysis using Stat-Pro.
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Centeno, F. R., and E. E. C. Rodrigues. "REDUCED-SCALE STUDY OF LIQUID FUEL STORAGE TANK FIRE USING FIRE DYNAMICS SIMULATOR." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v14i1.62112.
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Most of the accidents that occur in liquid fuel storage tank parks are caused by fire. This paper presents a numerical study using Large Eddy Simulation through Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) for the simulation of liquid fuel (ethanol) storage tanks at different scales (real-scale 1:1, and reduced- scales, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8). This paper proposes correlations for flame height, and temperature profile and radiative heat flux profile in the region adjacent to the tanks. Correlations have as inputs the diameters of the tanks in real- and reduced-scale, temperature profiles and radiative heat flux profiles for a reduced-scale tank simulation, and then provide as outputs flame height and temperature profiles and radiative heat flux profiles for the tank in real- scale. Percentage errors of the correlations found in this study are lower than 2.0% and 0.6% for the maximum radiative heat flux and maximum temperature, respectively.
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SORBY, Kelli, and Eve GLAGE. "Improving Embryologists’ Sleep Quality: Implementation of a Weight-Based Monitoring System for Gamete and Embryo Cryostorage." Fertility & Reproduction 04, no. 03n04 (September 2022): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318222741248.
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Background: Storage of gametes and embryos in our laboratories represents the highest concentration of risk for an ART clinic. A single storage tank may contain material of several hundred patients and vacuum failure is a scenario that haunts embryologists’ nightmares. Temperature sensors are currently the most prevalent mechanism for ‘alarming’ storage tanks, however, such approaches are akin to closing the gate after the horses have bolted. Aim: To assess the implementation of a fully redundant, weight-based monitoring system for ensuring the security of liquid nitrogen storage tanks in a high-capacity ART unit. Method: Forty flat-bed scales were fitted with alarm conversion units allowing a standard ‘open/closed’ alarm output to be relayed in the event a reading fell below the user defined weight limit. Output was routed through a security monitoring system via phone line and mobile-SIM, with no overlap of the existing, internet-based temperature probe system. Relationship between liquid nitrogen level (HC35 vessel), tank weight and temperature reading (probe positioned at top of canister), was established by sequential measurements. Results: Addition of the flat bed scales proved minimally disruptive to the space allocation per tank, requiring no additional ‘width’ but a slight increase in ‘depth’ behind tanks to accommodate the screen support. As expected, a clear, linear relationship was evident between liquid nitrogen level and tank weight, with every 1cm drop in liquid nitrogen equating to approximately 0.5kg weight loss. Concerningly, the temperature probe remained below -190∘ with just 0.5cm of liquid nitrogen remaining, only rising above the alarm trigger threshold once nitrogen had fully evaporated, resulting in a precipitous rise to above devitrification temperature in a matter of hours. Conclusion: Introducing a weight-based tank monitoring system is both feasible and effective. This system provides vastly superior performance in the timely identification of impending tank failure, allowing ample opportunity to ensure safe relocation of material.
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Malhotra, Praveen K. "Sloshing Loads in Liquid-Storage Tanks with Insufficient Freeboard." Earthquake Spectra 21, no. 4 (November 2005): 1185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.2085188.
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Seismic ground motions excite long-period sloshing response in liquid-storage tanks. A minimum freeboard is needed to prevent the sloshing waves from impacting the roof of tanks. Since freeboard results in unused storage capacity, many tanks are not provided with the sufficient freeboard. As a result, sloshing waves impact the roof, generating additional forces on the roof and tank wall. This article presents a simple method of estimating these forces.
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Zhang, Qing Hua, and Dong Jie Yan. "Dynamic Response Analysis on Train Liquid Storage Tanks under Impulsive Excitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.1125.
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Take the typical train liquid storage tank as research object, the vibration modes and the fluid-solid coupling dynamic responses of the tank are analyzed under the impulsive excitation using finite element software ANSYS. The research indicates that the difference of the liquid volume in tank has great influence to the structural stress and strain. With the increasing of the liquid volume, the tank natural frequencies gradually reduced, so the liquid sloshing have great effect on the structural vibration modes. And if the tank is full of the liquid, the stress and total deformation of the tank can be obviously reduced.
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Pooraskarparast, Benyamin, Ana Margarida Bento, Edward Baron, José C. Matos, Son N. Dang, and Sérgio Fernandes. "Fluid–Soil–Structure Interactions in Semi-Buried Tanks: Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Seismic Behaviors." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 8891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158891.
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Qualitative and quantitative assessments evaluate the structural vulnerability of liquid storage tanks. Liquid storage tanks are typically constructed and operated in areas with hard soils to minimize confining influences. However, many of these critical structures are in coastal areas with soft soils. The research conducted in this study entails the utilization of the finite element method accurately model the seismic behavior of a semi-buried concrete tank under various conditions, including changing water levels and soil properties. The study examines fluid–structure and soil–structure interactions through dynamic analyses of the rectangular semi-buried tank and comparing its different parameters. It also identifies sensitive areas where there is a probability of liquid leakage in storage tanks. The modeling is compared with the qualitative evaluation in the Japanese vibration capability diagnosis table. The results show that the tensile stress in the wall adjacent to the expansion joint is greater than the corresponding stress in the wall in all cases. In the dynamic analyses of the soil types, the pressure on the surface increases with increasing water height. A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative evaluation results shows the possible leakage of the tank in soft soil in the expansion joint.
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Majdi, Hasan Shakir, Auday Shaker Hadi, Laith Jaafer Habeeb, and Dragoljub Zivkovic. "Studying The Influence Of Hydrostatic Pressure On The Plastic Deformation Of Large Water Tanks." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 17201–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.17201ecst.
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Hazardous liquids require storage tanks with distinctive specifications that are stored securely, so as not to expose the environment to problems and risks of pollution, and thus the current study was prepared to verify the total deformation, the equivalent elastic strain, and the effects of von Mises stress on a storage tank of a certain geometry but under liquid load and temperature different temperature. The tank was designed with precise engineering and was tested under different temperatures designated at 10 oC, 22 oC and 34 oC. Under each degree, water was placed in a different capacity in four levels, represented by a quarter of the tank, half of it, and three quarters and filling it completely. It was found that with the different temperatures and the different percentage of water in the tank, there was a change in the amount of total deformation, the equivalent elastic strain and the effects of von Misses stress on the tank.
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Xie, Fei, Wen Hua Song, Zhen Chen, and Ling Yue Lv. "The Analysis for Mechanical Response of 16MnR Steel under Single-Tank Pool Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.277.
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Flammable liquid storage tanks could collapse easily and cause the accident spread rapidly in the high-temperature environment of pool fire, because pressure in the tank rises and the yield strength of wall decrease.So it is great significance to study the development of wall material under high temperature for the safety of flammable liquids tank farm. Taking 1,2- dichloropropane storage tank for example, based on the methods of heat transfer and numerical simulation, the mathematical model for thermal response of wall material 16MnR steel is builded to analyse the mechanical response of 16MnR steel under pool fire. When a pool fire of single tank took place in tank farm, the 1,2-dichloropropane was heated and gasitied that cause pressurizing, while the mechanical property of 16MnR steel weakened. By the finished model, this paper calculated the fail time of wall is 28.6min;failpoint of pressure is 2.065MPa;failpoint of temperature is 245°C,while temperature on heating surface of wall is 700-800 °C
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Sierikova, Olena, Elena Strelnikova, Denys Kriutchenko, and I. Hariachevska. "The Mutual Effect Study of Horizontal and Vertical Loads on the Elastic Tank Partially Filled with Liquid." Engineering World 5 (June 26, 2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232025.2023.5.6.
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Modern equipment elements in the energy, chemical industry, transport, aviation, and space engineering work under conditions of increased technological loads, at high temperatures and pressure levels. At the same time, the equipment is usually exposed to external loads of various natures. Hydroelastic phenomena must also be taken into account in designing and modernizing tanks and storage facilities for flammable and combustible substances. Flammable and combustible liquid accumulation leads to the increased environmental and fire hazard of such objects. The possible dangerous liquid leakage and tank depressurization negatively affect the surrounding area environment state. A fire in the tank is one of the most dangerous emergencies that could lead both to significant material and environmental damage and to human casualties. The paper treats the environmental hazards reducing problem from liquid hydrocarbon spills from storage tanks, which lead to destructive effects on all environment components especially during emergency situations. It has been established for sufficiently thin tank elastic walls, the fundamental frequency during coupled oscillations could be much lower than the frequency of the fluid in the shell with rigid walls. As the thickness of the tank wall increases, this effect becomes insignificant, and the lower oscillation frequency of the shell with liquid approaches the oscillation frequency of the liquid in a rigid tank. Parametric resonance and sub-resonance effects have been treated.
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Govindrao Mane, Sneha, and Dr S. S. Angalekar. "SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF WATER TANK AT DIFFERENT STOREY HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING AND TO CHECK FLUID SLOSHING EFFECT." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i01.021.
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Sloshing is one of the most dominant effects in elevated water tanks, water storage tanks, and structures. An earthquake is a disruptive disturbance that causes shaking of the earth's surface due to movement along a fault plane or volcanic activity. The nature of the produced forces is reckless and only lasts a brief time. Sloshing thus involves a wide range of engineering difficulties, one of which is the dynamic response of lifeline liquid storage tanks in the event of an earthquake. Aerospace, civil, and nuclear engineers are all concerned about liquid sloshing in moving or stationary containers. DOSIWAM Sewage Treatment Plants serve to reduce negative environmental effect by enhancing effluent quality. The current study is the extension of the "environmental floor" concept, where installing the DOSIWAM system at intermittent levels of a multistoried building is carried out. The water coming out of this tank has very low BOD, so the water becomes suitable for reuse in gardening, irrigation, and firefighting operations. A novel approach was used, combining the CFD software and structural analysis software to check the sloshing effect. This is part of a research effort dedicated to developing a CAE (Computer-Aided Engineering) methodology. The project's objective was to check the effect of the storage tank on the environmental floor. Thus, a storage tank and a water tank with an aspect ratio close to 1 can be safely provided. The difference in time period of the water tank and the structure was found to reduce the effect of sloshing. Hence, the Storage tank of the DOSIWAM system can be safely installed on the structure.
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Zhang, Qing Hua. "The Dynamic Response Analysis on Train Liquid Storage Tanks under Harmonic Excitation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 238 (November 2012): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.238.248.
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This paper take the typical train liquid storage tank as research object, the fluid-solid coupling dynamic responses of the tank are analyzed under the track irregularities using finite element software ANSYS. The research indicates that the difference of the liquid volume in tank has great influence to the structural stress and strain. When the tank is not filled with liquid, the liquid has large-scale amplitude sloshing, and the stress and strain are much bigger than the static condition. But if the tank is full of the liquid, the stress and total amount of deformity of the tank can be obviously reduced.
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Liu, De Yu, and Zhou Fang. "Dynamic Experimental Investigation on the Fundamental Frequency of Liquid Storage Tanks under Seismic Excitations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.81.
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A large-scale earthquake simulation experiment about the unanchored cylindrical steel liquid storage model tanks has been completed. The fundamental frequency of the model tank with liquid inside was investigated based on the experimental data of the acceleration dynamic response. The seismic table test, the analysis methods are designed and conducted, and experimental results of the model tank were carefully measured. Furthermore, national design standard was used to calculate the fundamental frequency of the model tank system. The reasons for the existence of consistency and differences between the results obtained from experiments and national design standard were discussed.
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Shevtsov, A. A., S. A. Shevtsov, and V. A. Koshelev. "Resource-saving thermodynamic cycles in liquid hydrocarbon fuel storage technology." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 82, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2020-1-201-206.
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Resource-saving thermodynamic cycles for material and energy flows in the technology of storing liquid hydrocarbon fuel in tanks using a vapor compression heat pump are proposed, which reduce the loss of fuel resulting from evaporation. The heat pump is equipped with a two-section evaporator, the working and reserve sections of which alternately operate in condensation and regeneration modes, respectively. Vapors of hydrocarbon fuel from the tank are discharged to the evaporator section operating in condensation mode. The water contained in the fuel vapor condenses on the heat ex-change surface in the form of an ice crust, and the condensed fuel separated from the water is discharged into an interme-diate tank and returned to the storage tank. The condensation heat of the refrigerant in the condenser is used to heat the intermediate coolant, which is sent to defrost the section of the evaporator operating in the regeneration mode. After this section, the spent intermediate coolant is returned to the condenser in the closed thermodynamic cycle mode. The water formed during defrosting is sent to the biological treatment stage. Thus, real conditions are created for increasing the ener-gy efficiency and environmental safety of the technology for storing liquid hydrocarbon fuel in tanks with maximum con-densation of the vapors resulting from evaporation.
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Tan, Zhao Yang, Jun Li Huo, Ying Min Yu, and Zong Zhi Wu. "Safety Analysis of VCM Storage Tanks Based on AHP-Fuzzy." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2447.
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Huge storage tanks of Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) are often regarded as major hazard installation because VCM is such a kind of flammable, explosive and toxic gas that leakage of liquid VCM would induce fire, explosion and toxic accidents. In this paper, index system of the safety of VCM storage tanks was established by analyzing four main factors including 18 indexes, based on accidents statistic and technology experience. Taking VCM storage tank in a petrochemical plant as a case, AHP-Fuzzy method was applied to achieve single VCM storage tank safety classification. The study could help companies develop preventive measures and emergency planning to reduce casualties and property losses.
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Zhang, Yu, Yu Hang Gao, Guo Dong Wang, Cheng Yu Li, and Ji Ti Zhou. "Seawater Flue Gas Desulfurization and Post-Desulfurization Seawater Recovery." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.662.
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Huge storage tanks of Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) are often regarded as major hazard installation because VCM is such a kind of flammable, explosive and toxic gas that leakage of liquid VCM would induce fire, explosion and toxic accidents. In this paper, index system of the safety of VCM storage tanks was established by analyzing four main factors including 18 indexes, based on accidents statistic and technology experience. Taking VCM storage tank in a petrochemical plant as a case, AHP-Fuzzy method was applied to achieve single VCM storage tank safety classification. The study could help companies develop preventive measures and emergency planning to reduce casualties and property losses.
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Wang, Gang, and Tong Wang. "Effect Evaluation of Filling Medium Parameters on Operating and Mechanical Performances of Liquid Heavy Metal Heat Storage Tank." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 5, 2022): 14551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114551.
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In order to evaluate the feasibility and performance of liquid lead-bismuth eutectic as the heat transfer fluid for thermocline heat storage tanks in solar power systems, we conducted an effect evaluation of filling medium parameters on the integrated operating and mechanical performances of a thermocline tank using liquid lead-bismuth eutectic using the computational fluid dynamics simulation method. Four parameters were evaluated: the porosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and equivalent diameter of the filling medium. The results show that the liquid lead-bismuth eutectic tank operated stably. The total charging and total discharging durations were 5.7 h and 5.3 h, respectively, and the discharging efficiency was 91.94%. The effect evaluation results reveal that the discharging thermocline thickness of the liquid heavy metal tank can be decreased by increasing the specific heat capacity of the filling particles, or by decreasing the porosity, thermal conductivity, and equivalent diameter of the filling medium. The total discharging quantity of the tank increased from 2.19 × 1010 J to 3.34 × 1010 J when the specific heat capacity of the filling particles increased from 610.0 J/(kg∙K) to 1010.0 J/(kg∙K), while the other three filling medium parameters had no obvious effect on the total discharging quantity of the tank. The mechanical performance of the tank wall could be improved by decreasing any one of the four evaluated parameters of the filling medium. The results of this paper may serve as a reference for the design of actual liquid heavy metal heat storage tanks in solar power plants.
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Lee, Sangmok, Byungmin Kim, and Young-Joo Lee. "Seismic Fragility Analysis of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks Using Earthquake Ground Motions Recorded in Korea." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 15, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6190159.
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Liquid-containing storage tanks are important structures in industrial complexes. Because earthquake damages to liquid storage tanks can cause structural collapse, fires, and hazardous material leaks, there have been continuous efforts to mitigate earthquake damages using seismic fragility analysis. In this regard, this study focuses on the seismic responses and fragility of liquid storage tanks. First, the characteristics of earthquake ground motions are a critical factor influencing the seismic fragility of structures; thus, this study employs real earthquake records observed in the target area, southeastern Korea, with the earthquake characteristics estimated based on the ratio of peak ground acceleration to peak ground velocity. When a liquid storage tank oscillates during an earthquake, additional forces can impact the tank wall owing to hydrodynamic pressures. Therefore, this study presents a sophisticated finite element (FE) model that reflects the hydrodynamic effect of an oscillating liquid. Another advantage of such an FE model is that detailed structural responses of the entire wall shells can be estimated; this is not possible in simplified lumped mass or surrogate models. Lastly, probabilistic seismic demand models are derived for three critical limit states: elastic buckling, elephant’s foot buckling, and steel yielding. Using the real earthquake ground motion records, constructed FE model, and limit states, a seismic fragility analysis is performed for a typical anchored steel liquid storage tank in Korea. In addition, for comparison purposes, a ring-stiffened model is investigated to derive a seismic fragility curve. The results of the seismic fragility assessment show that elastic buckling is the most vulnerable damage state. In contrast, elephant’s foot buckling and steel yielding indicate relatively severe damage levels. Furthermore, it is observed that ring stiffeners decrease the elastic buckling damage, although there is no practical effect on elephant’s foot buckling and steel yielding in all ground motion intensities.
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Bagheri, Saman, and Mostafa Farajian. "The effects of input earthquake characteristics on the nonlinear dynamic behavior of FPS isolated liquid storage tanks." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 7 (June 20, 2016): 1264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316655914.
Full textAbstract:
There are several methods to reduce the seismic damages in liquid storage tanks. One of these methods is to use passive control devices, in particular seismic base isolators. Among the different base isolation systems, the Friction Pendulum System (FPS) whose period does not depend on the weight of the system is more appropriate for isolation of liquid storage tanks. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and pulselike characteristics of earthquakes on the seismic behavior of steel liquid storage tanks base isolated by FPS bearings. In addition, impact effects of the slider with the side retainer are investigated, as well as effects of tank aspect ratio, isolation period and friction coefficient. The obtained results of tanks with different aspect ratios indicate that the responses get more reduced due to isolation under far-field ground motions compared to near-fault ground motions. It is also seen that the response of a base isolated tank is affected when contact takes place with the side retainer of the FPS.