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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid purification processes'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Huseynov, H. D. "IONIC LIQUID EXTRACTION CLEANING OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS." Chemical Problems 20, no. 3 (2022): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-197-212.

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The extraction purification process is currently being intensively studied and has a great future as an alternative method of purification of petroleum fractions. The point is that the development of technology and rise in the consumption of fuels and oils calls for tightening of requirements to their quality characteristics. At the same time, special attention is paid to the content of aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing and resinous compounds in their composition. The present review considers the results of studies of extractive purification of various oil fractions using both traditional and "green" solvents - ionic liquids as an extractant providing for the effectiveness of ion-liquid extraction purification. The article also describes studies on combining the process of ion-liquid extraction with an oxidative purification method. The results of studies carried out at the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan on ion-liquid extraction purification of petroleum distillates for various purposes, in particular, transformer oil distillate, catalytic cracking and reforming gasoline, AMG-10 hydraulic fluid, Naftalan oil, diesel fuel, as well as oil distillates fractions with different viscosity values, are shown in the article. Also, the possibility getting petroleum products when used as a selective solvent of ionic liquids (morpholformate, anilinformate, N-methylpyrrolidone acetate, etc.) differing in cationic-anionic combination is substantiated.
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2

REDDY, M. L. P., T. PRASADA RAO, and A. D. DAMODARAN. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes for the Separation and Purification of Rare Earths." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 12, no. 2-4 (December 1993): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509508935254.

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3

Schmidt, Axel, Fabian Mestmäcker, Lisa Brückner, Tobias Elwert, and Jochen Strube. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Chromatography Process Routes for the Purification of Lithium." Materials Science Forum 959 (June 2019): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.959.79.

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Since several years, the lithium market is characterized by high growth rates especially due to the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, the primary production is currently expanded and there is a growing interest in recycling. However, because of the chemical properties of lithium, many production processes lack efficient processes for the separation, concentration and purification of lithium. This article reviews the current use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and chromatography in lithium production as well as research. Currently, the industrial application of LLE and chromatography in lithium purification is limited to the extraction of impurities and co-products. Extraction of lithium is only used as concentration step in few processes before lithium precipitation. In research and development, a wide variety of extractants and resins is investigated. In LLE, chelating extractants like crown ethers and calixarene and synergistic systems show the greatest potential. In the chromatographic separation the main focus of research lies upon cation exchange media, especially media with sulfonated ligands. However, most research is still in early development. Therefore, extensive research is needed to enable the industrial use of optimized LLE and chromatography processes in lithium production. Content TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l "_Toc515547308" Abstract PAGEREF _Toc515547308 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc515547309" Content PAGEREF _Toc515547309 \h 3
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4

Blaga, Alexandra Cristina, Alexandra Tucaliuc, and Lenuta Kloetzer. "Applications of Ionic Liquids in Carboxylic Acids Separation." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080771.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered a green viable organic solvent substitute for use in the extraction and purification of biosynthetic products (derived from biomass—solid/liquid extraction, or obtained through fermentation—liquid/liquid extraction). In this review, we analyzed the ionic liquids (greener alternative for volatile organic media in chemical separation processes) as solvents for extraction (physical and reactive) and pertraction (extraction and transport through liquid membranes) in the downstream part of organic acids production, focusing on current advances and future trends of ILs in the fields of promoting environmentally friendly products separation.
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Seidova, Sabina A. "EXTRACTION METHODS OF CLEANING OF MOTOR FUEL." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 10 (October 29, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5941.

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In paper the results of the carried out analysis of literary data on preparation of motor fuels of high quality by extraction method of purification of the corresponding oil distillates with use of compounds of various class as a selective solvent have been presented. In particular, the results of comparative analysis of existing methods of the extraction purification of distillates of motor fuels from unnecessary components – aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphur-containing compounds and resinous substances with use of organic solvents and ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent have been presented. The advantage of the extraction method of purification of motor fuels determined by possibility of the process at low temperature and pressure, by absence of necessity of application of the expensive catalysts, by possibility of regeneration and reuse of solvent, etc. in comparison with widely used hydrogenation method has been shown. The lacks of the organic solvents used as an extractant have been also listed and due to the ecological problems the use of non-volatile, thermally stable ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent in the processes of purification of the distillates, intended for preparation a high quality target products, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, base oils for various purposes has been substantiated. In paper the results of systematic investigations carried out at the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences with the participation of the authors themselves, concerning the selective purification of the oil fractions of various composition and viscosity with use of ionic liquids synthesized on the basis of formic and acetic acids composition have been also presented. By carried out analysis it has been shown the perspectivity of application of the ion-liquid compositions as an extractant in the processes of the selective purification of the oil distillates.
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6

Nunes, Ana N., Alexandra Borges, Ana A. Matias, Maria Rosário Bronze, and Joana Oliveira. "Alternative Extraction and Downstream Purification Processes for Anthocyanins." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 7, 2022): 368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020368.

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Anthocyanins are natural pigments displaying different attractive colors ranging from red, violet, to blue. These pigments present health benefits that increased their use in food, nutraceuticals, and the cosmetic industry. However, anthocyanins are mainly extracted through conventional methods that are time-consuming and involve the use of organic solvents. Moreover, the chemical diversity of the obtained complex extracts make the downstream purification step challenging. Therefore, the growing demand of these high-value pigments has stimulated the interest in designing new, safe, cost-effective, and tunable strategies for their extraction and purification. The current review focuses on the potential application of compressed fluid-based (such as subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction) and deep eutectic solvents-based extraction methods for the recovery of anthocyanins. In addition, an updated review of the application of counter-current chromatography for anthocyanins purification is provided as a faster and cost-effective alternative to preparative-scale HPLC.
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7

Wang, Jianjian, Xiaohui Liu, Bicheng Hu, Guanzhong Lu, and Yanqin Wang. "Efficient catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable liquid biofuels via furan derivatives." RSC Adv. 4, no. 59 (2014): 31101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04900d.

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8

Martini, Petra, Andrea Adamo, Neilesh Syna, Alessandra Boschi, Licia Uccelli, Nopphon Weeranoppanant, Jack Markham, and Giancarlo Pascali. "Perspectives on the Use of Liquid Extraction for Radioisotope Purification." Molecules 24, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020334.

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The reliable and efficient production of radioisotopes for diagnosis and therapy is becoming an increasingly important capability, due to their demonstrated utility in Nuclear Medicine applications. Starting from the first processes involving the separation of 99mTc from irradiated materials, several methods and concepts have been developed to selectively extract the radioisotopes of interest. Even though the initial methods were based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) approaches, the perceived difficulty in automating such processes has slowly moved the focus towards resin separation methods, whose basic chemical principles are often similar to the LLE ones in terms of chelators and phases. However, the emerging field of flow chemistry allows LLE to be easily automated and operated in a continuous manner, resulting in an even improved efficiency and reliability. In this contribution, we will outline the fundamentals of LLE processes and their translation into flow-based apparatuses; in addition, we will provide examples of radioisotope separations that have been achieved using LLE methods. This article is intended to offer insights about the future potential of LLE to purify medically relevant radioisotopes.
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9

Tietze, Alesia A., Pascal Heimer, Annegret Stark, and Diana Imhof. "Ionic Liquid Applications in Peptide Chemistry: Synthesis, Purification and Analytical Characterization Processes." Molecules 17, no. 4 (April 5, 2012): 4158–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules17044158.

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10

Somma, Simona, Ernesto Reverchon, and Lucia Baldino. "Water Purification of Classical and Emerging Organic Pollutants: An Extensive Review." ChemEngineering 5, no. 3 (August 7, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering5030047.

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The main techniques used for organic pollutant removal from water are adsorption, reductive and oxidative processes, phytoremediation, bioremediation, separation by membranes and liquid–liquid extraction. In this review, strengths and weaknesses of the different purification techniques are discussed, with particular attention to the newest results published in the scientific literature. This study highlighted that adsorption is the most frequently used method for water purification, since it can balance high organic pollutants removal efficiency, it has the possibility to treat a large quantity of water in semi-continuous way and has acceptable costs.
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11

Santos, Samuel, Jaime Puna, and João Gomes. "A Brief Review of the Supercritical Antisolvent (SAS) Technique for the Preparation of Nanocatalysts to Be Used in Biodiesel Production." Energies 15, no. 24 (December 10, 2022): 9355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249355.

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In an era where sustainability is becoming the main driving force for research and development, supercritical fluids-based techniques are presented as a very efficient alternative technology to conventional extraction, purification, and recrystallization processes. Supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation is a novel technique that can replace liquid antisolvent precipitation techniques. Additionally, through the optimization of precipitation operating conditions, morphology, particle size, and particle size distribution of nanoparticles can be controlled. As an antisolvent, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is far more sustainable than its conventional liquid counterparts; not only does it have a critical point (304 K and 73.8 bar) on its phase diagram that allows for the precipitation processes to be developed so close to room temperature, but also its recovery and, consequently, the precipitated solute purification stage is considerably simpler. This technique can be used efficiently for preparing nanocatalysts to be used in biodiesel production processes.
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12

Khorokhorina, I. V., S. I. Lazarev, and S. M. Bidulya. "Membrane Technologies as Environmentally Safe Methods of Waste Water Purification." Voprosy sovremennoj nauki i praktiki. Universitet imeni V.I. Vernadskogo, no. 3(81) (2021): 037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/voprosy.2021.03.pp.037-043.

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A classification of chemical purification technologies, membrane processes, depending on the pore size in membranes is given. It has been established that environmentally friendly membrane methods for separating liquid media are an alternative to traditional methods for separating technological solutions and industrial waste waters.
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13

Kovačević, Vesna V., Goran B. Sretenović, Bratislav M. Obradović, and Milorad M. Kuraica. "Low-temperature plasmas in contact with liquids—a review of recent progress and challenges." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 47 (September 29, 2022): 473002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac8a56.

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Abstract The study of plasma–liquid interactions has evolved as a new interdisciplinary research field driven by the development of plasma applications for water purification, biomedicine and agriculture. Electrical discharges in contact with liquids are a rich source of reactive species in gas and in liquid phase which can be used to break polluting compounds in water or to induce healing processes in medical applications. An understanding of the fundamental processes in plasma, and of the interaction of plasma with liquid, enables the optimization of plasma chemistry in large-scale plasma devices with liquid electrodes. This article reviews recent progress and insight in the research of low-temperature plasmas in contact with liquids at atmospheric pressure. The work mainly focuses on the physical processes and phenomena in these plasmas with an attempt to provide a review of the latest and the most important research outcomes in the literature. The article provides an overview of the breakdown mechanisms in discharges in contact with liquid, emphasizing the recently studied specifities of plasma jets impinging on the liquid surface, and discharge generation with a high overvoltage. It also covers innovative approaches in the generation of plasma in contact with liquids. Novel phenomena detected by the imaging techniques and measurement of discharge parameters in the reviewed discharges are also presented. The results, the techniques that are applied, and those that may be applied in further studies, are listed and discussed. A brief overview of the applications focuses on the original approaches and new application fields. Future challenges and gaps in knowledge regarding further advancement in applications are summarized.
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14

Novikova, Irina, and Alexander Pushnov. "NEW STRUCTURED PACKING CUB FOR PURIFICATION OF EXHAUST GASE." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 8, no. 4 (October 24, 2016): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2016.954.

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New structured packing for heat and mass transfer processes named CUB is presented in our article. The packing can be applied in packed towers for exhaust gas cleaning instead random packing, for example, rings type that are the most used in such processes. The advantages of the new packing over random packing are lower pressure drop, capability of purification and as a consequence long-term service of the packing. The researches of intensity of liquid-phase mass-transfer in packed bed depending on liquid spray rate and gas velocity were carried out. Obtained data show that packing CUB is more effective than the most popular type of structured packing under all other conditions being equal. As experimental data shown heat transfer coefficient was up by 17% and mass transfer coefficient was up by 51%. We found out optimal geometry of cross section of the new packing, namely, number of elements and parameters of one element. The new construction of structured packing is applicable for both type of column cross-section round and square.
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15

Errico, Massimiliano, Roumiana P. Stateva, and Sébastien Leveneur. "Novel Intensified Alternatives for Purification of Levulinic Acid Recovered from Lignocellulosic Biomass." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030490.

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The development of a bio-based economy has its foundations in the development of efficient processes to optimize biomass potential. In this context there are a multitude of molecules that can be either synthetized or recovered from biomass, among those the so-called 12 building-blocks reported by the US Department of Energy. Even if their identification and importance is clearly defined, research efforts concerning the purification or separation of these platform molecules are limited. To fill this gap, different configurations for the purification of levulinic acid recovered from lignocellulosic biomass are examined and compared in this work. In particular, hybrid configurations obtained by the combination of liquid-liquid extraction and distillation have been considered. It was demonstrated how a deep understanding of the subspace including all extraction-assisted simple column distillation configurations represents a fundamental step in the synthesis of different process alternatives. From a separation efficiency and economic standpoint, the proposed intensified liquid-liquid thermally equivalent configuration (LL-TE) and liquid-liquid side stream column configuration (LL-SSC) are promising solutions. Nonetheless, their performances are deeply interrelated to the purity target defined by the designer.
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16

Ma, Wenzhong, Yakai Lin, and Yuanhui Tang. "Novel Polymeric Membranes Preparation and Membrane Process." Separations 9, no. 9 (September 7, 2022): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9090253.

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Polymer-based membranes have advanced or novel functions in the various membrane separation processes for liquid and gaseous mixtures, such as gas separation, pervaporation (PV), reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), ultrafiltration (UF), microfiltration (MF), and in other critical applications of membranes such as water purification, solvent concentration, and recovery [...]
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17

J, Jonathan, Veren Tania, Jessica C. Tanjaya, and Katherine K. "Recent Advancements of Fungal Xylanase Upstream Production and Downstream Processing." Indonesian Journal of Life Sciences | ISSN: 2656-0682 (online) 3, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 37–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54250/ijls.v3i1.122.

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Xylanase is a hydrolytic enzyme produced by fungi and bacteria utilized in various industrial applications such as food, biobleaching, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. Due to its wide variety of applications, xylanase's large-scale industrial production has gained researchers' interest. Many factors and methods affect fungal xylanase's production in both upstream and downstream processing stages. The upstream production methods used are submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF), where SmF involves the usage of liquid substrates, while the SSF applies solid substrates to inoculate the microbes. The downstream processing of fungal xylanase includes extraction, purification, and formulation. The extraction methods used to extract fungal xylanase are filtration and solvent extraction. Meanwhile, the purification methods include ultrafiltration, precipitation, chromatography, Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS), and Aqueous Two-Phase Affinity Partitioning (ATPAP). The formulation of xylanase product is obtained in either liquid from the extraction-purification results, which can be converted to powder form using technologies such as spray drying to increase storage life. Moreover, immobilization of xylanase with nanoparticles of SiO2 could produce reusable xylanase enzymes. Several future studies have also been suggested. This review aims to explain the upstream and downstream processes of fungal xylanase production as well as the factors that affect those processes.
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18

Tietze, Alesia A., Pascal Heimer, Annegret Stark, and Diana Imhof. "ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid Applications in Peptide Chemistry: Synthesis, Purification and Analytical Characterization Processes." ChemInform 43, no. 28 (June 14, 2012): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.201228274.

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19

Abejón, Ricardo, Javier Rabadán, Silvia Lanza, Azucena Abejón, Aurora Garea, and Angel Irabien. "Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes for Separation of Lignin Aqueous Solutions." Processes 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6090143.

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Lignin valorization is a key aspect to design sustainable management systems for lignocellulosic biomass. The successful implementation of bio-refineries requires high value added applications for the chemicals derived from lignin. Without effective separation processes, the achievement of this purpose is difficult. Supported ionic liquid membranes can play a relevant role in the separation and purification of lignocellulosic components. This work investigated different supported ionic liquid membranes for selective transport of two different types of technical lignins (Kraft lignin and lignosulphonate) and monosaccharides (xylose and glucose) in aqueous solution. Although five different membrane supports and nine ionic liquids were tested, only the system composed by [BMIM][DBP] as an ionic liquid and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a membrane support allowed the selective transport of the tested solutes. The results obtained with this selective membrane demonstrated that lignins were more slowly transferred from the feed compartment to the stripping compartment through the membrane than the monosaccharides. A model was proposed to calculate the effective mass transfer constants of the solutes through the membrane (values in the range 0.5–2.0 × 10−3 m/h). Nevertheless, the stability of this identified selective membrane and its potential to be implemented in effective separation processes must be further analyzed.
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20

Matlhoko, Letlhogonolo, Sreejarani K. Pillai, Suprakas Sinha Ray, Willem G. Augustyn, and Mathew Moodley. "Purification of Laser Synthesized SWCNTs by Different Methods: A Comparative Study." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 6023–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18374.

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A comparison of different purification procedures for single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) synthesized by laser-vapourization has been presented. The methods involved gas-phase oxidation by calcination, liquid-phase oxidation by H2O2, hydrothermal treatment and acid refluxing in HCl. Sample purity is documented with Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Multi-spot analyses were done to check the homogeneity of the purified samples. Different purification processes produced SWCNT material with purity in the range of 48–78%. Raman and TEM results suggested that prolonged calcination results in selective etching of larger diameter nanotubes. SEM and TGA analyses showed increase in density of SWCNTs with better oxidation resistance after purification.
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21

Peru, Aleksandr, and Nikolay Korchevin. "REPLACEMENT OF SOLVENT IN THE PROCESS OF SELECTIVE OIL CLEANING." Bulletin of the Angarsk State Technical University 1, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-777x-2018-1-12-89-92.

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As solvents at early stages of development of processes of selective purification of oils aniline, nitrobenzene, liquid sulphurous anhydride, etc. were used. Now the main industrial solvents are phenol, furfural and N-metylpyrolidon finding the increasing application. The possibility of phenol replacement on N-metylpyrolidon was described in the article
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22

Youssef, Maha A., Hoda E. Rizk, and Mohamed F. Attallah. "Purification of liquid scintillation waste from binding radionuclides using different adsorbents." Radiochimica Acta 108, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 879–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0039.

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AbstractThe quantity of liquid organic radioactive wastes produced by the use of radioactive materials in nuclear research facilities is small compared to aqueous radioactive waste, but a special and low-cost treatment method is needed. Here we investigated the adsorption performance of five materials, namely: KU-2 resin, bentonite, charcoal (M&S) and clay adsorbents for the successful removal of 90Sr/90Y from liquid scintillation cocktail waste. The batch adsorption technique (influence of pH, contact time, and temperature), sequential, and column technique were investigated. The efficiency of these adsorbents for the removal of 90Sr/90Y is in this order, resin > bentonite > clay with removal efficiency 90 ± 5.2, 68 ± 3.25, and 65 ± 5.3%, respectively. While charcoal has lower affinity for the sorption processes. Purification of liquid scintillation (LS) cocktail by separation of 90Sr/90Y was successfully carried out by packed column with KU-2 resin. The exhausted loaded column with 90Sr/90Y is successfully regenerated by 25 mL, 1 M HNO3. Characterizations of the original and the purified LS cocktail were carried out using FTIR analysis. The efficiency of the purified liquid scintillation waste (LSW) for the determination of radionuclide is about 62.67 ± 4.8.
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23

Bento, Rui M. F., Catarina A. S. Almeida, Márcia C. Neves, Ana P. M. Tavares, and Mara G. Freire. "Advances Achieved by Ionic-Liquid-Based Materials as Alternative Supports and Purification Platforms for Proteins and Enzymes." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 2542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102542.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) have been applied in several fields in which enzymes and proteins play a noteworthy role, for instance in biorefinery, biotechnology, and pharmaceutical sciences, among others. Despite their use as solvents and co-solvents, their combination with materials for protein- and enzyme-based applications has raised significant attention in the past few years. Among them, significant advances were brought by supported ionic liquids (SILs), in which ILs are introduced to modify the surface and properties of materials, e.g., as ligands when covalently bond or when physiosorbed. SILs have been mainly investigated as alternative supports for enzymes in biocatalysis and as new supports in preparative liquid chromatography for the purification of high-value proteins and enzymes. In this manuscript, we provide an overview on the most relevant advances by using SILs as supports for enzymes and as purification platforms for a variety of proteins and enzymes. The interaction mechanisms occurring between proteins and SILs/ILs are highlighted, allowing the design of efficient processes involving SILs. The work developed is discussed in light of the respective development phase and innovation level of the applied technologies. Advantages and disadvantages are identified, as well as the missing links to pave their use in relevant applications.
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Bernardo, Sandra C., Rita Carapito, Márcia C. Neves, Mara G. Freire, and Fani Sousa. "Supported Ionic Liquids Used as Chromatographic Matrices in Bioseparation—An Overview." Molecules 27, no. 5 (February 28, 2022): 1618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051618.

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Liquid chromatography plays a central role in biomanufacturing, and, apart from its use as a preparative purification strategy, either in biopharmaceuticals or in fine chemicals industries, it is also very useful as an analytical tool for monitoring, assessing, and characterizing diverse samples. The present review gives an overview of the progress of the chromatographic supports that have been used in the purification of high-value products (e.g., small molecules, organic compounds, proteins, and nucleic acids). Despite the diversity of currently available chromatographic matrices, the interest in innovative biomolecules emphasizes the need for novel, robust, and more efficient supports and ligands with improved selectivity. Accordingly, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as novel ligands in chromatographic matrices. Given herein is an extensive review regarding the different immobilization strategies of ILs in several types of supports, namely in silica, Sepharose, and polymers. In addition to depicting their synthesis, the main application examples of these supports are also presented. The multiple interactions promoted by ILs are critically discussed concerning the improved selectivity towards target molecules. Overall, the versatility of supported ILs is here considered a critical point to their exploitation as alternatives to the more conventional liquid chromatographic matrices used in bioseparation processes.
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Hych, Olha, Oksana Zakora, Mariia Rastorhuieva, and Andrii Zilinskyi. "Trial using of ultrasonic cavitation in cottonization processes of hemp fibers." ScienceRise, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2021.002042.

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The object of research: ultrasonic processing technology of textile materials. Investigated problem: increasing the degree of splitting of complex hemp fibers due to the effect of the mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation on them. The main scientific results: The article shows the potential of textile production to ensure the environmental friendliness of textile products, and the development and implementation of new eco-technologies of physical and mechanical cottonization of hemp fiber is important in this. Analysis of existing methods of cottonization and structural features of hemp fibers has led to the conclusion that the destruction of cellulose satellites in complex fiber can be considered as a process of purification from impurities, since the technologies for purification of substances in the aquatic environment by ultrasound now are widely used. Therefore the process of cottonization of hemp by technology of ultrasonic treatment was used in this investigation for the first time. The basic principle effect on the textile material what placed in the liquid are the hydroacoustic effects formed by the collapse of cavitation bubbles in the contact zone "liquid-material". Experimental studies of the geometric characteristics of the obtained hemp cottonine were carried out, and the effectiveness of the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the change of the structure of hemp fiber was confirmed. Due to the removal of inlaid substances under the action of cavitation, the complex fibers of hemp were split, as a result of which the range of variation and the absolute value of their length and linear density were decreased. The scope of practical use of the research results: textile enterprises of deep processing of bast raw materials into technical and household yarns. Innovation technological product: technology of ultrasonic cottonization of hemp fibers. The scope of using the innovation technological product: manufacturing of textile hemp products for general use.
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Masood, Zafar, Amir Ikhlaq, Asia Akram, Umair Yaqub Qazi, Osama Shaheen Rizvi, Rahat Javaid, Amira Alazmi, Metwally Madkour, and Fei Qi. "Application of Nanocatalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Purification: Challenges and Future Prospects." Catalysts 12, no. 7 (July 5, 2022): 741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070741.

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The increase in population demands for industrialization and urbanization which led to the introduction of novel hazardous chemicals in our environment. The most significant parts of these harmful substances found in water bodies remain in the background, causing a health risk to humans and animals. It is critical to remove these toxic chemicals from the wastewater to keep a cleaner and greener environment. Hence, wastewater treatment is a challenging area these days to manage liquid wastes effectively. Therefore, scientists are in search of novel technologies to treat and recycle wastewater, and nanotechnology is one of them, thanks to the potential of nanoparticles to effectively clean wastewater while also being ecologically benign. However, there is relatively little information about nanocatalysts’ applicability, efficacy, and challenges for future applications in wastewater purification. This review paper is designed to summarize the recent studies on applying various types of nanocatalysts for wastewater purification. This review paper highlights innovative work utilizing nanocatalysts for wastewater applications and identifies issues and challenges to overcome for the practical implementation of nanocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
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Gmelch, Lena, Daniela Wirtz, Michael Witting, Nadine Weber, Lisa Striegel, Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin, and Michael Rychlik. "Comprehensive Vitamer Profiling of Folate Mono- and Polyglutamates in Baker’s Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a Function of Different Sample Preparation Procedures." Metabolites 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10080301.

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Folates are a group of B9 vitamins playing an important role in many metabolic processes such as methylation reactions, nucleotide synthesis or oxidation and reduction processes. However, humans are not able to synthesize folates de novo and thus rely on external sources thereof. Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) has been shown to produce high amounts of this vitamin but extensive identification of its folate metabolism is still lacking. Therefore, we optimized and compared different sample preparation and purification procedures applying solid phase extraction (SPE). Strong anion exchange (SAX), C18 and hydrophilic–lipophilic-balanced (HLB) materials were tested for their applicability in future metabolomics studies. SAX turned out to be the preferred material for the quantitative purification of folates. Qualification of several folate vitamers was achieved by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-ToF-MS) measurements and quantification was performed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) applying stable isotope dilution assays (SIDAs). The oxidation product s-pyrazino-triazine (MeFox) was included into the SIDA method for total folate determination and validation. Applying the best protocol (SAX) in regard to folate recovery, we analyzed 32 different vitamers in different polyglutamate states up to nonaglutamates, of which we could further identify 26 vitamers based on tandem-MS (MS2) spectra. Total folate quantification revealed differences in formyl folate contents depending on the cartridge chemistry used for purification. These are supposedly a result of interconversion reactions occurring during sample preparation due to variation in pH adjustments for the different purification protocols. The occurrence of interconversion and oxidation reactions should be taken into consideration in sample preparation procedures for metabolomics analyses with a focus on folates.
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Kuramochi, Hidetoshi, Kouji Maeda, Satoru Kato, Masahiro Osako, Kazuo Nakamura, and Shin-ichi Sakai. "Application of UNIFAC models for prediction of vapor–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibria relevant to separation and purification processes of crude biodiesel fuel." Fuel 88, no. 8 (August 2009): 1472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.01.017.

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Ye, Xinghai, Junfeng Wang, and Weidong Shi. "Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Purification Performance of Ship Electrostatic Oil Purifier." Journal of Coastal Research 94, sp1 (September 9, 2019): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si94-052.1.

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30

Gureev, A. O., and Y. G. Pikulin. "Determination of values of the solution flow rate and temperature in carbon dioxide absorption process." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, no. 2-3 (May 20, 2014): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67591.

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Steady growth in world energy prices requires finding the optimal conditions for the processes of chemical technology. Results of testing of previously prepared a mathematical model of the process of purification of industrial gases from carbon dioxide. Shows the dependence of the absorption capacity and the amount of absorbed CO2 by the fluid flow. Proved that no need for the use of the liquid flow rate is similar flooding regime of absorber, since at some point the increase of liquid flow ceases to have a significant impact on the overall absorption capacity of the solution. Also shown is the possibility of reducing the flow of solution in industrial environments, which allows to obtain economic benefits from reduced energy consumption on the circulation of the solution and the gas purification process in general. The value of the temperature for maximum rate of chemisorption of carbon dioxide.
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Ghanem, H., V. Gerlyga, V. Kravchenko, V. Makedon, and A. Shulga. "Purification of Liquid Radioactive Waste from Surfactants and Organic Compounds." Nuclear and Radiation Safety, no. 1(81) (March 12, 2019): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32918/nrs.2019.1(81).11.

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During the operation of a nuclear power plant, a significant amount of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) is formed and accumulated, its recycling has one of the first priorities. One of the sources of liquid radioactive waste is drain water, which consists of surface-active substances (SA) and organic compounds (OC) of various natures. With this waste composition, the operation of the evaporator is significantly complicated. Thus, recycling of LRW will be simplified after purification from SA and OC. The paper discusses the theoretical aspects of oxidative-cavitation and electrohydrodischarge water purification from organic matter. A schematic circuit of experimental stands of combined cleaning methods was developed and presented. Studies were performed on model solutions of sodium lauryl sulfate (LS) (NaC12H25SO4) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (C10H16N2O8). LS is chosen because it is the most common SA, which is present in the composition of various detergent and decontamination mixtures. The use of EDTA is due to its application in technological processes at nuclear power plants and the presence of liquid radioactive waste in the composition. The destruction of the OS occurs as a result of ozone oxidation, which is constantly splashing through the solution, and amplifies under the action of electrical impulses or ultrasonic (US) cavitation. The work identifies the patterns of reducing concentrations of model solutions, depending on the method of processing, pH-environment and duration of the process. It was found that the destruction of SA and OC occurred better when ozone was combined with US cavitation or electrical discharge, at high pH. The highest performance purification of solutions is as follows: use of electro-discharge and ozone (рН = 6.2) leads to about 71 % collapses, (рН = 10) ~ 61 % OC collapses; use of US cavitation and ozone (рН = 10) ~ 83.3 % SA collapses.
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Milordov, D. V., N. A. Mironov, G. R. Abilova, E. G. Tazeeva, S. G. Yakubova, and M. R. Yakubov. "Obtaining Pure Vanadyl Porphyrins from Heavy Petroleum Residue to Create Catalysts for Various Processes." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 20, no. 5 (September 23, 2020): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2020-5-352-358.

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Asphaltenes and resins from petroleum vacuum residue were shown to be the promising raw materials for obtaining pure vanadyl porphyrins. Vanadyl porphyrins are recovered from petroleum objects via the extraction of dimethyl formamide (DMFA) followed by purification on a chromatographic column using silica gel and sulfocationite. The composition of the obtained vanadyl porphyrins was studied by means of mass spectrometry with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thus obtained metalloporphyrins can be used as a basis to create catalysts for various chemical processes, which may serve as an alternative to their synthesis.
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Milevskii, N. A., Y. A. Klychevskikh, V. O. Solov’ev, I. V. Zinov’eva, and M. I. Fedorova. "Implementation of the extraction method for the separation of Fe3+ and Ni2+ ions on cascade of mixing-settling extractors." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1212, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1212/1/012014.

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Abstract Extraction processes are one of the most efficient methods of purification and separation of compounds. However, laboratory-developed methods commonly are not a complete technique that can be applied to the real manufacturing process with its extraction equipment. The extraction method for the separation of Fe3+ and Ni2+ ions using hydrochloric acid solution on a cascade of mixing-settling extractors has been determined. The extraction scheme chosen provides high efficiency of a cascade by using liquid pseudomembranes (LPM). Besides its extraction scheme simplicity, the LPM method is more economically beneficial compared to classical extraction methods. The process includes stages of Fe3+ ions extraction into the feed, followed by reextraction into the water and the feed purification for reusing it later on. The consumption of solvents and the stirring speed for the stable and efficient cascade work have been optimized. The described process is a complete technological solution for recycling processed battery waste.
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Hu, Fang, Benjamin P. Wilson, Bing Han, Jianxin Zhang, Marjatta Louhi-Kultanen, and Mari Lundström. "High Purity Nickel Recovery from an Industrial Sidestream Using Concentration and Liquid–Liquid Extraction Techniques." JOM 72, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-019-03928-4.

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AbstractThis article outlines an alternative flowsheet for the purification of a multi-metal industrial sidestream (16.3 g/l Ni, 0.7 g/l Co, 0.6 g/l Ca and 1.6 g/l Mg) to allow high-purity nickel recovery. The methodology comprises an initial evaporation step to achieve Ca removal followed by impurity (Ca, Mg) and valuable (Co, Ni) element separation via two-step solvent extraction with organophosphorus extractants. Results indicate that > 80% of Ca is selectively removed as CaSO4·2H2O by evaporation with a concentration degree > 6. In the following treatment, ~ 90% of residual Ca (0.6 g/l) can be selectively extracted with Na-D2EHPA. The subsequent solvent extraction step with Na-Cyanex 272 separates Co (> 99%) and Mg (> 95%). The resultant nickel sulfate solution (61.7 g/l Ni, 0.3 g/l Mg and Co 0.007 g/l) of > 99.5% purity can be directly integrated into state-of-the-art nickel recovery processes.
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Szpaczyński, Janusz A., Jeffrey A. White, and Caroline L. Côté. "Separation of Contaminants in The Freeze/Thaw Process." Chemical and Process Engineering 38, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0019.

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AbstractThese studies examined the concept of concentration and purification of several types of wastewater by freezing and thawing. The experiments demonstrated that freezing of contaminated liquid contributed to concentration of contaminants in solution as well as significant concentration and agglomeration of solid particles. A high degree of purification was achieved for many parameters. The results of comparative laboratory tests for single and multiple freezing are presented. It was found that there was a higher degree of concentration of pollutants in wastewater frozen as man-made snow than in bulk ice. Furthermore, the hypothesis that long storage time of liquid as snow and sufficient temperature gradient metamorphism allows for high efficiency of the concentration process was confirmed. It was reported that the first 30% of the melted liquid volume contained over 90% of all impurities. It gives great opportunities to use this method to concentrate pollutants. The results revealed that the application of this process in full scale is possible. Significant agglomeration of solid particles was also noted. Tests with clay slurry showed that repeated freezing and thawing processes significantly improve the characteristics of slurry for sedimentation and filtration.
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Chu, Fengting, Quhao Wei, Ping Wang, Dan Lu, Siyao Wang, and Hongli Yin. "Rapid Assembly of Oligosaccharides by Using a Hydrophobic Tag-Assisted Liquid-Phase Method." Synlett 31, no. 12 (May 7, 2020): 1163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1707965.

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A 3,5-didocosyloxybenzyl alcohol tag that was introduced at the anomeric position of the carbohydrate acceptor was applied in the assembly of a pentasaccharide. The intrinsic high solubility in nonpolar solvent and precipitation properties in polar solvent are crucial features of this tag. Thus, rapid and simple precipitation-centrifugation can be conducted throughout the synthetic route at each step to ease work-up and purification processes, and reduce the amount of solvent required. This method provides an efficient, environmental-friendly, and economical approach to synthesize complex oligosaccharides.
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Lv, Yue, Ze Wang, Qilan Wang, and Jun Dang. "Medium- and High-Pressure Integrated Chromatographic Strategies for the Isolation and Purification of Free Radical Inhibitors from Dracocephalum heterophyllum." Separations 9, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9120420.

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Dracocephalum heterophyllum has been reported as a traditional Tibetan medicine with diverse therapeutic benefits for the effective treatment of various diseases. However, only a few reports on its free radical inhibitors are limited due to its complex chemical composition and difficult isolation and purification processes. In this study, five free radical inhibitors are isolated by an integrated chromatographic method from Dracocephalum heterophyllum, followed by an investigation of the in vitro antioxidant activity utilizing 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Medium-pressure liquid chromatography was used for the pretreatment of the crude extract of Dracocephalum heterophyllum and targeted separation and purification of the free radical inhibitors using high-pressure liquid chromatography; the antioxidant peaks are recognized by the separation and purification process in combination with an online HPLC-DPPH system. Five free radical inhibitors with purity higher than 95% were obtained, namely xanthotoxol, 5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen, luteolin, methyl rosmarinate, and ethyl rosmarinate. Finally, DPPH assays are performed, and their IC50 values for isolated compounds are 250.39 ± 13.32 μM, 26.91 ± 1.93 μM, 66.87 ± 14.33 μM, 21.99 ± 3.17 μM, and 36.96 ± 1.72 μM, respectively. This method is effective in isolating free radical inhibitors from Dracocephalum heterophyllum, and it has the potential to be adopted for the isolation of antioxidants from other plants of medicinal value as well.
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Bogusz, Agnieszka, and Patrick J. Masset. "High Temperature Diffusion Processes at the Metal/Slag Interface." Defect and Diffusion Forum 323-325 (April 2012): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.323-325.115.

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The interface metal/molten oxide is of interest for several high temperature processes (metallurgy, gasification). The exchange reactions occurring at the interface between the metal and the molten slag are complex and up to date not well understood. More generally, this is of importance for the understanding of the exchange reaction kinetics between one metallic compound (solid or liquid) and an ionic one (slag). This work proposes a theoretical approach which takes into account the effect of speciation in the slag on the diffusion process of the species in the two phases and the redox reaction occurring within the vicinity of the interface. The systems investigated consist of Fe and CaO-SiO2without convection. The concentration profiles of silicon and iron oxide in both parts were calculated. The effect of impurities present in metal phase such as sulphur in the molten slag was investigated. This provides a basis of comprehensive approach for the purification of metal and a better understanding of processes at metal/oxide interface.
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Falk, G. "Electrophoresis in Membrane Separation Processes: From Lab to Field Scale Experiments." Key Engineering Materials 314 (July 2006): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.314.257.

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In this paper results of electrophoretically activated processes for domestic wastewater treatment in lab and field scale experiments are presented. The principal mechanisms of non-membrane and membrane based electrokinetic solid liquid separation by electrophoresis are described. In the case of non-membrane based electrokinetic wastewater treatment a modular processing scheme is suggested in order to achieve economically and ecologically suitable processing conditions based on colloidal wastewater characteristics. In the case of membrane based electrokinetic waste water treatment an effective anti-membrane fouling process is designed controlled by colloidal characteristics of the wastewater, especially zetapotential, as well as external field parameters and microfiltration module geometries. The specific energy input of the membrane based and non-membrane based electrophoretic waste water treatment methodologies are compared and future perspectives of electrokinetic activated waste water purification processes are proposed.
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Krasnoperova, I. A. "Relationship between the processes of self-purification oi the natural-waters with the activity of microbial cenosis." Kazan medical journal 75, no. 1 (January 15, 1994): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89973.

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The influence of waste liquid from a pig- breeding complex on the microflora of the pool has been studied. As it was found the prolonged action of the organic wastes causes the destruction of the normal function of the microbial community. It was shown that the effect of dilution promontes to longer survival as well spreading of pathogenic and facultatively pathogenic microorganismus at the rivers of low stream index.
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Silviana, S., Didi Dwi Anggoro, H. Hadiyanto, Cantika Aulia Salsabila, Kevin Aprilio, Anisa Widia Utami, Afriza Ni'matus Sa'adah, and Febio Dalanta. "A Review on the Recent Breakthrough Methods and Influential Parameters in the Biodiesel Synthesis and Purification." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, no. 4 (June 29, 2022): 1012–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.43147.

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Biodiesel has recently received much attention as an energy source with numerous benefits such as high degradability, negligible toxicity, and minimal emissions of carbon monoxide gases as well as particulates. Therefore, this research aims to compare, review, and summarize the conventional and advanced methods of biodiesel production. Currently, some emerging processes that were developed for advanced biodiesel production include microwave-assisted synthesis, ultrasonic-assisted synthesis, supercritical transesterification, and liquid phase plasma discharge technology. The types of feedstocks, catalysts, and operating conditions as the influential parameters in biodiesel synthesis are also discussed. Moreover, in the purification process, the effectiveness of purification depends on the type of catalyst applied in the synthesis process. This research also reviewed and compared several commonly used purification methods such as wet and dry washing, ion exchange and precipitation, complexation, and membrane-based separation that have shown significant results along with the impacts of biodiesel production on environmental and economic sectors
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Francioso, Antonio, Rodolfo Federico, Anna Maggiore, Mario Fontana, Alberto Boffi, Maria D’Erme, and Luciana Mosca. "Green Route for the Isolation and Purification of Hyrdoxytyrosol, Tyrosol, Oleacein and Oleocanthal from Extra Virgin Olive Oil." Molecules 25, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 3654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25163654.

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Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenols represent a significant part of the intake of antioxidants and bioactive compounds in the Mediterranean diet. In particular, hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), tyrosol (Tyr), and the secoiridoids oleacein and oleocanthal play central roles as anti-inflammatory, neuro-protective and anti-cancer agents. These compounds cannot be easily obtained via chemical synthesis, and their isolation and purification from EVOO is cumbersome. Indeed, both processes involve the use of large volumes of organic solvents, hazardous reagents and several chromatographic steps. In this work we propose a novel optimized procedure for the green extraction, isolation and purification of HTyr, Tyr, oleacein and oleocanthal directly from EVOO, by using a Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NaDES) as an extracting phase, coupled with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. This purification method allows the total recovery of the four components as single pure compounds directly from EVOO, in a rapid, economic and ecologically sustainable way, which utilizes biocompatible reagents and strongly limits the use or generation of hazardous substances.
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Nhien, Le Cao, Nguyen Van Duc Long, and Moonyong Lee. "Novel Hybrid Reactive Distillation with Extraction and Distillation Processes for Furfural Production from an Actual Xylose Solution." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041152.

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Furfural is only derived from lignocellulosic biomass and is an important chemical used in the plastics, agrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The existing industrial furfural production process, involving reaction and purification steps, suffers from a low yield and intensive energy use. Hence, major improvements are needed to sustainably upgrade the furfural production process. In this study, the conventional furfural process based on a continuous stirred tank reactor and distillation columns was designed and optimized from an actual aqueous xylose solution via a biomass pretreatment step. Subsequently, a reactive distillation (RD) and extraction/distillation (ED) configuration was proposed for the reaction and purification steps, respectively, to improve the process efficiency. RD can remove furfural instantly from the reactive liquid phase and can separate heavy components from the raw furfural stream, while the ED configuration with toluene and butyl chloride used as extracting solvents can effectively separate furfural from a dilute aqueous stream. The results showed that the hybrid RD-ED process using a butyl chloride solvent saves up to 51.8% and 57.4% of the total investment costs and total annual costs, respectively, compared to the conventional process. Furthermore, environmental impacts were evaluated and compared for all structural alternatives.
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44

Hasanova, R. Z., M. J. Ibragimova, V. A. Nagiyev, and N. F. Kafarova. "Comparative assessment of the qualities of commercial and synthetic transformer oils." World of petroleum products 05 (2021): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32758/2782-3040-2021-0-5-6-10.

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. Petroleum transformer oils previously produced in the USSR met the requirements of ГОСТ 982-80. Balakhany oil and Dossor low-paraffin oil of the Emben field were the raw materials for obtaining transformer oil. The composition of transformer oils is taken into account when choosing raw materials and their regeneration. Т-1500у – transformer oil of improved quality, is used in electrical equipment up to 500 kV and up to 750 kV. ГК oil is a hydrocracking transformer oil, used in voltages up to 1150 kV, contains ionol. Тсп is oil from West Siberian oils, used up to 220 kV. This oil is of relatively low quality, characterized by a high sulfur content, low oxidation stability, and high dielectric loss tg. In the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of ANAS, research has been carried out on the selective purification of transformer oil distillate from Balakhany oil using a new highly effective solvent – ionic liquid (IL) – a quaternary ammonium salt of formic acid and a number of amines – morpholine, aniline or di-, triethylamines. The optimal conditions for the selective purification of the distillate have been developed. Due to the shortage of high-quality transformer oils, as well as the high cost, in recent years, oils have been imported from Sweden and Austria. An ionic liquid as a solvent is highly selective and selective. The analysis of the extract from selective purification showed that it does not contain naphthene-paraffins, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the extract is 65%, and when purified with furfural it is 40.8%. The ionic liquid is environmentally friendly.
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45

Gordalina, Mariana, Helena M. Pinheiro, Marília Mateus, M. Manuela R. da Fonseca, and M. Teresa Cesário. "Macroalgae as Protein Sources—A Review on Protein Bioactivity, Extraction, Purification and Characterization." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 7969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177969.

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The increased demand for protein sources combined with a decrease in the available land and water resources have led to a growing interest in macroalgae as alternative protein sources. This review focuses on strategies for macroalgae protein extraction, enrichment and characterization. To date, the protein extraction methods applied to algae include enzymatic hydrolysis, physical processes and chemical extraction. Novel methods, such as pulsed electric field, microwave-assisted, pressurized liquid and supercritical fluid extractions, and the application of smart solvents are discussed. An overview of the use of membranes and other processes to generate high-value protein concentrates from algae extracts is also presented, as well as some examples of the methods used for their characterization. The potential bioactivities from macroalgae-derived proteins and peptides, including novel glycoproteins and lectins, are briefly reviewed.
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Agung Ari Wibowo, Mufid Mufid, Asalil Mustain, Dhoni Hartanto, Rizqy Romadhona Ginting, and Vania Mitha Pratiwi. "Simulation Study and Sensitivity Analysis of Gamma-Valerolactone Production from Ethyl Levulinate." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 97, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.97.2.186196.

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Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is emerging as a promising renewable fuel because it can be produced from renewable materials such as biomass. This article presents a conceptual design and simulation of the conversion of ethyl levulinate into GVL biofuel by hydrogenation process using ChemCAD 7.1.2 software. The process simulation method involves selecting a thermodynamic model, defining component chemicals, selecting suitable operating units and identifying operating conditions. The NRTL thermodynamic model was used for the liquid phase modeling and SRK for the vapor phase fugacity calculation. The binary interaction parameter of NRTL thermodynamic model was regressed from experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data. A sensitivity analysis of the effect of feed temperature on the GVL purification distillation column was carried out to obtain the optimum value for the distillation column configuration.
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Urbanowska, Agnieszka, and Małgorzata Kabsch-Korbutowicz. "The Use of Flat Ceramic Membranes for Purification of the Liquid Fraction of the Digestate from Municipal Waste Biogas Plants." Energies 14, no. 13 (July 1, 2021): 3947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133947.

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Due to the rising water deficit in agriculture, digestate is increasingly being considered not only as an alternative fertiliser but also as a potential source of water. The use of recycled water for crop irrigation requires that it be treated in such a way that contaminants from the fermented biomass are not returned to the environment. Membrane processes can provide promising results in this regard. This study seeks to achieve membrane filtration using flat ceramic membranes for effective digestate liquid fraction treatment from a municipal waste biogas plant. Membranes of 1, 5, 15, and 50 kDa, and 0.14 and 0.45 µm are examined. The results obtained show that the application of a sedimentation process, as a preliminary step in the purification of the digestate, allows for a significant reduction in the content of contaminants in the solution. By analysing the effectiveness of the liquid fraction of the digestate purification in the sedimentation-membrane filtration process using flat ceramic membranes, it can be stated that all the membranes tested can be applied in the digestate purification. With an increase in the cut-off value, a deterioration in the quality of the digestate can be observed. The use of the sedimentation process before the membrane process not only improves the final quality of the digestate but also reduces the intensity of membrane fouling.
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Drageset, Audun, and Hans-René Bjørsvik. "Continuous flow synthesis concatenated with continuous flow liquid–liquid extraction for work-up and purification: selective mono- and di-iodination of the imidazole backbone." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 1, no. 4 (2016): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6re00091f.

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Ul’yanov, Vladimir Vladimirovich, Gulevsky V. A. Gulevsky, Fomin A. S. Fomin, and Teplyakov Yu A. Teplyakov. "Research processes and devices hydrogen purification applied to the circulation loop with the heavy liquid metal coolants." Izvestiya Wysshikh Uchebnykh Zawedeniy, Yadernaya Energetika 2013, no. 2 (July 2013): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/npe.2013.2.04.

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Rizal, Wahyu Anggo, Ria Suryani, Muslih Anwar, Dwi Joko Prasetyo, Satriyo Krido Wahono, Wuri Apriyana, Tri Hadi Jatmiko, et al. "Efektivitas Pemurnian Asap Cair Biomassa Serbuk Gergaji dengan Distilasi, Adsorpsi Zeolite dan Karbon Aktif." JURNAL SELULOSA 12, no. 01 (June 30, 2022): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v12i01.353.

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Effectiveness of Liquid Smoke Purification of Sawdust by using Distillation Method, Zeolite and Active Carbon AdsorptionAbstractLiquid smoke is a product resulting from the pyrolysis of biomass under conditions of minimal oxygen. The compounds of liquid smoke is influenced by the type of biomass, water content, process temperature and the length of pyrolysis time. In general, liquid smoke is dark brown in color with an acidic and has a unique aroma and taste, depending on the type of biomass. Liquid smoke chemical compounds characterize organoleptic, antimicrobial and antioxidant, in addition to functional compounds sometimes also produce harmful compounds such as a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds, and 2-propanone, 2-butanone, cyclopentanone which are toxic or carcinogenic. Crude liquid smoke may contain several mixtures of hazardous compounds depending on the process conditions, so it cannot be directly applied to food products. To get quality liquid smoke, it is necessary to carry out a purification process to reduce or eliminate harmful compounds. Methods that have been widely applied include distillation and adsorption processes. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of zeolite and activated carbon in the purification of liquid smoke with mixed sawdust biomass as raw material. Liquid smoke is purified by distillation, and adsorption with several adsorbents. The results obtained indicate that the liquid smoke still contains 2-propanone ,2-butanone and cyclopentanone. Zeolite ZG2 showed the best effectiveness in removing the three harmful compounds, while ZK1and Cca still left 2-propanone in liquid smoke. Thus zeolite ZG2 is effective as an absorbent in the purification of liquid smokeKeywords: Liquid Smoke, Adsorption, Biomass, Sawdust Abstrak Asap cair adalah produk yang dihasilkan dari pirolisis biomassa pada kondisi minim oksigen. Komposisi senyawa asap cair dipengaruhi oleh jenis biomassa, kadar air, dan suhu proses serta lama waktu pirolisis. Pada umumnya asap cair berwarna cokelat tua dengan pH asam dan memiliki aroma serta rasa yang unik, tergantung dari jenis biomassanya. Senyawa kimia asap cair mencirikan sifat organoleptik, antimikroba dan antioksidan, selain senyawa fungsional terkadang juga menghasilkan senyawa berbahaya seperti kelompok senyawa Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, dan 2-propanone, 2-butanone, cyclopentanone yang bersifat toksik atau karsinogenik. Asap cair crude dimungkinkan terdapat beberapa campuran senyawa berbahaya tergantung dari kondisi prosesnya, sehingga tidak dapat secara langsung diaplikasikan untuk produk pangan. Untuk mendapatkan asap cair berkualita perlu dilakukan proses pemurnian untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan senyawa berbahayanya. Metode yang telah banyak diaplikasikan antara lain dengan proses distilasi dan adsorpsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur efektifitas zeolite dan karbon aktif dalam pemurnian asap cair dengan bahan baku biomasa serbuk gergaji campuran. Asap cair di lakukan pemurnian dengan destilasi, dan adsorpsi dengan beberapa adsorben. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa asap cair masih mengandung 2-propanone ,2-butanone dan cyclopentanone. ZG2 menunjukkan efektifitas yang paling baik mampu menghilangkan ketiga senyawa berbahaya tersebut sedangkan ZK1 dan Cca masih menyisakan 2-propanone dalam asap cair. Dengan demikian zeolite ZG2 efektif sebagai absorben dalam pemurnian asap cair Kata kunci : Asap Cair, Adsorpsi, biomassa, serbuk gergaji kayu
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