Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid Metal Actuator

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid Metal Actuator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid Metal Actuator"

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Hu, Qingming, Tianyi Jiang, and Hongyuan Jiang. "Versatile Movements of Liquid Metal Droplet under Electrostatic Actuation in Alkaline Solutions." Materials 13, no. 9 (May 3, 2020): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13092122.

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The gallium-based eutectic liquid metal alloys exhibit unique properties of deformability, excellent electrical conductivity and low vapour pressure. The liquid metal-based circuits’ element or actuator have drawn considerable attention in stretchable electronics and microelectromechanical (MEMS) actuators. Yet, the motion of the liquid metal within the electrolyte needs to be precisely regulated to satisfy application requirements. Herein, we investigated the locomotion of liquid metal within the alkaline aqueous solution under electrostatic actuation. The relationship between the travelling speed of the liquid metal slug and the relative influential parameters, such as the voltage amplitude and frequencies of the applied electric field, electrolyte concentration, electrodes distance and the liquid metal volume, were experimentally characterized. A travelling speed up to 20.33 mm/s was obtained at the applied voltage of 4 Vpp at 150 Hz at 6 V DC offset. Finally, the frequency-dependent liquid metal marble movements were demonstrated, namely oscillation and forward locomotion while oscillating. The oscillation frequency was determined by the frequency of the applied alternate current (AC) signal. The remarkable transportation and oscillating characteristic of the liquid metal marble under the electrostatic actuation may present potentials towards the development of flexible electronics and reconfigurable structures.
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Li, Junfeng, Songyu Chen, and Minjie Sun. "Design and fabrication of a crawling robot based on a soft actuator." Smart Materials and Structures 30, no. 12 (November 9, 2021): 125018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-665x/ac2e1b.

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Abstract Inspired by biological systems, soft crawling robots provide unique advantages in terms of resilience and adaptive shaping during robotic motion. However, soft robots actuated by motors and pumps are usually heavy, noisy and bulky. In this paper, based on the principle of liquid-vapor changes of ethanol, a novel soft crawling robot that demonstrates more silent actuation and lighter weight compared with other robots is proposed. To increase the crawling speed of the robot, silicone mixed with liquid metal with a volume ratio of 20% is used to fabricate the actuators. The deformation of the actuator is analyzed and can be predicted using a theoretical model. To obtain effective crawling performance, a crawling locomotion sequence consisting of the three different parts (central, head and tail) based on the variable friction mechanism of actuators B and C is presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the robot can achieve forward movement on a horizontal surface and along vertical pipes and sticks. This study will provide further inspiration and guidance for the future development of crawling robots.
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Zhang, Chenghong, Bin He, Zhipeng Wang, Yanmin Zhou, and Aiguo Ming. "Application and Analysis of an Ionic Liquid Gel in a Soft Robot." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2857282.

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Due to their light weight, flexibility, and low energy consumption, ionic electroactive polymers have become a hotspot for bionic soft robotics and are ideal materials for the preparation of soft actuators. Because the traditional ionic electroactive polymers, such as ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs), contain water ions, a soft actuator does not work properly upon the evaporation of water ions. An ionic liquid polymer gel is a new type of ionic electroactive polymer that does not contain water ions, and ionic liquids are more thermally and electrochemically stable than water. These liquids, with a low melting point and a high ionic conductivity, can be used in ionic electroactive polymer soft actuators. An ionic liquid gel (ILG), a new type of soft actuator material, was obtained by mixing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP) and ZrO2 and then polymerizing this mixture into a gel state under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. An ILG soft actuator was designed, the material preparation principle was expounded, and the design method of the soft robot mechanism was discussed. Based on nonlinear finite element theory, the deformation mechanism of the ILG actuator was deeply analyzed and the deformation of the soft robot when grabbing an object was also analyzed. A soft robot was designed with the soft actuator as the basic module. The experimental results show that the ILG soft robot has good driving performance, and the soft robot can grab a 105 mg object at an input voltage of 3.5 V.
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Tang, Shi-Yang, Vijay Sivan, Phred Petersen, Wei Zhang, Paul D. Morrison, Kourosh Kalantar-zadeh, Arnan Mitchell, and Khashayar Khoshmanesh. "Liquid Metal Actuator for Inducing Chaotic Advection." Advanced Functional Materials 24, no. 37 (July 14, 2014): 5851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201400689.

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MATSUDA, Shinichi, Manabu ONO, Toshiyuki IZUMI, and Shigeo KATO. "Metal Bellows Type Gas-liquid Phase-change Actuator." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, Contributed Papers 71, no. 6 (2005): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jspe.71.723.

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Guo, Rui, Lei Sheng, HengYi Gong, and Jing Liu. "Liquid metal spiral coil enabled soft electromagnetic actuator." Science China Technological Sciences 61, no. 4 (July 6, 2017): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-017-9063-2.

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Matsubara, Ken, and Ota Hiroki. "Electrically Controlled Gel Actuator using Liquid Metal Spring." Proceedings of the Symposium on Micro-Nano Science and Technology 2019.10 (2019): 19am3PN335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemnm.2019.10.19am3pn335.

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Hyun, Youngbin, Jeong-Bong Lee, Sangkug Chung, and Daeyoung Kim. "Acoustic Wave-Driven Liquid Metal Expansion." Micromachines 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2022): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13050685.

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In this paper, we report a volume expansion phenomenon of a liquid metal droplet naturally oxidized in an ambient environment by applying an acoustic wave. An oxidized gallium-based liquid metal droplet was placed on a paper towel, and a piezo-actuator was attached underneath it. When a liquid metal droplet was excited by acoustic wave, the volume of liquid metal was expanded due to the inflow of air throughout the oxide crack. The liquid metal without the oxide layer cannot be expanded with an applied acoustic wave. To confirm the effect of the expansion of the oxidized liquid metal droplet, we measured an expansion ratio, which was calculated by comparing the expanded size in the x (horizontal), y (vertical) axis to the initial size of the liquid metal droplet, using a high-speed camera. For various volumes of the droplet, when we applied various voltages in the range of 5~8 Vrms with 18.5~24.5 kHz using the piezo-actuator, we obtained a maximum expansion ratio of 2.4 in the x axis and 3.8 in the y axis, respectively. In addition, we investigated that the time to reach the maximum expansion in proportion to the volume size of liquid metal differed by five times from 4 s to 20 s, and that the time to maintain the maximum expansion differed from 23 s to 2.5 s, which was inversely proportional to the volume size. We also investigated the expansion ratios depending on the exposure time to the atmosphere. Finally, a circuit containing LED, which can be turned on by expanded liquid metal droplet, was demonstrated.
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Konishi, Satoshi, Fuminari Mori, Ayano Shimizu, and Akiya Hirata. "Structural Reinforcement Effect of a Flexible Strain Sensor Integrated with Pneumatic Balloon Actuators for Soft Microrobot Fingers." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040395.

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Motion capture of a robot and tactile sensing for a robot require sensors. Strain sensors are used to detect bending deformation of the robot finger and to sense the force from an object. It is important to introduce sensors in effective combination with actuators without affecting the original performance of the robot. We are interested in the improvement of flexible strain sensors integrated into soft microrobot fingers using a pneumatic balloon actuator (PBA). A strain sensor using a microchannel filled with liquid metal was developed for soft PBAs by considering the compatibility of sensors and actuators. Inflatable deformation generated by PBAs, however, was found to affect sensor characteristics. This paper presents structural reinforcement of a liquid metal-based sensor to solve this problem. Parylene C film was deposited into a microchannel to reinforce its structure against the inflatable deformation caused by a PBA. Parylene C deposition into a microchannel suppressed the interference of inflatable deformation. The proposed method enables the effective combination of soft PBAs and a flexible liquid metal strain sensor for use in microrobot fingers.
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Chen, Heng Wei, Xu Dong Wang, Liao Wang, Wen Zhou, and Yi Qing Li. "Design and Application of Galinstan Liquid Metal Fully Flexible Angular Displacement Sensor." Advances in Science and Technology 105 (April 2021): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.105.202.

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In this study, we design and fabricate a fully flexible angular displacement sensor and a corresponding fish-shaped soft pneumatic actuator. We describe the design and fabrication process of the sensor and fabricate a corresponding physical object to apply it to the soft pneumatic actuator. Material experiments with silicone rubber were also conducted to obtain the linear relationship in its small deformation range. Through the theoretical analysis of the designed angular displacement sensor, a linear relationship between the bending angle of the soft pneumatic actuator and the resistance of the angular displacement sensor was obtained. And a bending angle visual measurement platform was built for experimental verification. The results show that the experimental results are consistent with the theory, and the designed angular displacement sensor has a good linear relationship when applied to a fish-shaped soft pneumatic actuator.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid Metal Actuator"

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Höijertz, Erik. "Supercoiled Actuators with Liquid Metal Joule Heating : novel miniaturized actuators for pneumatic control of reconfigurable wearables." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrosystemteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-426008.

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Garments serve a number of purposes, from protection and physiological comfort to social and cultural expressions. With the recent developments of active textiles, sensors and actuators with shapes and sizes similar to textiles, the real multifunctional garments have been realized. The functions of such garments can be regulating heat by changing the spacing between the strands of yarn, giving massage or assisting lifting movement by expanding and contracting one or more actuators.   This project is a part of a main project targeting on reconfigurable hybrid wearables. The main started from studying possible actuators that could have textile-like properties, where pneumatic actuators were chosen. A model of different forces, strains and braiding angles of a pneumatic actuator sometimes called a McKibben muscle was made. It should be noted that such garments with pneumatic actuators to be functional and applicable each segment needed an external pump. For local actuation, miniaturized servo valves were needed. Hence, study on super coiled actuators (SCAs) was initiated to investigate their potential of controlling the valves for constricting the flow when needed. In this project different SCAs were developed and their performances were recorded. To assist with heating of the SCAs Galinstan and Gallium were used as electric resistors to provide for Joule heating.  A contraction of over 19% and an efficiency of 0.29% were achieved but could most likely be improved by optimizing the fabrication and testing process.
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Le, Goff Denis. "Steerable antenna design based on liquid metal actuation." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0152/document.

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L’apparition des objets connectés intelligents dont nous sommes les témoins depuis quelques années a généré un besoin croissant d’antennes à bas coût et énergétiquement sobres. La capacité d’effectuer à la volée une mise en forme du faisceau où sa reconfiguration est une propriété particulièrement intéressante, qui pourrait permettre à l’objet intelligent d’effectuer des tâches telles que la surveillance de zone par exemple ou bien d’optimiser son bilan de liaison en ne visant qu’une seule direction de l’espace. Cela pourrait également mener à un accroissement de l’autonomie de l’objet, via une diminution de sa consommation énergétique, voir à le rendre totalement indépendant s’il devient suffisamment économe pour envisager son alimentation via des systèmes de récupération d’énergie. C’est dans ce contexte que nous proposons ici une nouvelle architecture d’antenne reconfigurable, capable d’un balayage de faisceau sur 360° degrés et basée sur l’utilisation de métal liquide au sein d’un système d’actionnement microfluidique. Dans le premier chapitre, nous ferons une rapide présentation des deux principales technologies de balayage de faisceau utilisées aujourd’hui avant d’étudier les diverses techniques de déplacement de métal liquide utilisées et documentées dans la littérature. L’objectif de ce travail est de sélectionner la technique la plus adaptée à nos besoins. Dans le second chapitre, nous proposerons les deux designs d’antennes envisagés pour notre système, basés sur l’architecture Yagi-Uda. Nous discuterons des avantages et inconvénients de chacun afin d’en sélectionner un qui sera examiné plus en avant dans le chapitre suivant. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous étudierons, à l’aide de simulations électromagnétiques, les performances du design d’antenne sélectionné dans le but de justifier notre choix. Cette étude se concentrera sur l’implémentation graduelle de la complexité du design retenu, en partant d’un système très théorique pour aboutir à une émulation très proche de ce que pourrait être un prototype final. Finalement, dans le quatrième et dernier chapitre nous considérerons deux preuves de concept du système complet ainsi que leurs différentes techniques de fabrications. Étant donné le fait que chaque preuve de concept se concentre soit sur l’aspect RF ou fluidique du système, nous étudierons aussi leurs performances respectives. Nous détaillerons également le développement de certains procédés de fabrication spécifiques utilisés pour réaliser les briques de base, en particulier les objets micro-fluidiques. Ce chapitre nous permet de conclure positivement cette étude de la faisabilité du concept proposé et développé dans ce travail
The advent of autonomous connected smart objects we are witnessing since a few years has generated a growing need for low cost and energetically sober reconfigurable antennas. The ability to perform on the fly beam shaping and re-configuration is a particularly interesting property which would allow the smart object to perform task such as area surveillance for example and to optimize its link budget by targeting a specific direction of space. This could also allow the increase of the object’s autonomy, through a diminution of its power consumption, or even to render it fully autonomous if it becomes sober enough to envision the use of energy harvesting systems. It is in this context that we propose here a new reconfigurable antenna architecture, capable of 360° beam steering, based on the use of liquid metal within a microfluidic actuation system.In the first chapter, we will do a quick presentation of today’s two main beam steering technics used for antennas before studying the various used and documented technics of liquid metal displacement used in the literature for RF applications. The objective is to single out the better suited one to our requirements.In the second chapter, we will propose the two antenna designs envisioned for our system, based on the Yagi-Uda architecture. We will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of each in order to select one design which will be more closely investigated on the following chapter.In the third chapter, we will study, with the help of electromagnetic simulations, the performances of this selected antenna design in order to justify our choice. This study will focus on the gradual complexity implementation of the chosen design, from a very theoretical system to one very close to what a final prototype would be. Finally, in the fourth and last chapter we will consider two proofs of concept of the complete system and their various fabrications technics. Given that each proof of concept focus either on the RF or the fluidic aspect of the system, we will investigate their performances. We will also detail the development of some of the specific fabrication processes used for the basic building blocks, especially for the fluidic objects. This chapter allow us to conclude positively this study on the feasibility of this concept which was proposed and developed in this work
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Cumby, Brad Lee. "Laplace-Pressure Actuation of Liquid Metal Devices For Reconfigurable Electromagnetics." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406880728.

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Diebold, Aaron. "Electrowetting actuation of liquid metal wires for reconfigurable electronic switches and wire-grid polarizers." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1459437829.

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Davidson, Jacob Daniel. "Actuation and Charge Transport Modeling of Ionic Liquid-Ionic Polymer Transducers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31204.

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Ionic polymer transducers (IPTs) are soft sensors and actuators which operate through a coupling of micro-scale chemical, electrical, and mechanical mechanisms. The use of ionic liquid as solvent for an IPT has been shown to dramatically increase transducer lifetime in free-air use, while also allowing for higher applied voltages without electrolysis. This work aims to further the understanding of the dominant mechanisms of IPT actuation and how these are affected when an ionic liquid is used as solvent. A micromechanical model of IPT actuation is developed following a previous approach given by Nemat-Nasser, and the dominant relationships in actuation are demonstrated through an analysis of electrostatic cluster interactions. The elastic modulus of Nafion as a function of ionic liquid uptake is measured using uniaxial tension tests and modeled in a micromechanical framework, showing an excellent fit to the data. Charge transport is modeled by considering both the cation and anion of the ionic liquid as mobile charge carriers, a phenomenon which is unique to ionic liquid IPTs as compared to their water-based counterparts. Numerical simulations are performed using the finite element method, and a modified theory of ion transport is discussed which can be extended to accurately describe electrochemical migration of ionic liquid ions at higher applied voltages. The results presented here demonstrate the dominant mechanisms of IPT actuation and identify those unique to ionic liquid IPTs, giving directions for future research and transducer development.
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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid Metal Actuator"

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Liu, Tian-Ying, Jiao Ye, Jun-Heng Fu, Dong-Dong Li, and Jing Liu. "Liquid Metal-Enabled Soft Actuators for Untethered Manipulation." In Intelligent Robotics and Applications, 412–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89095-7_40.

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Wang, Xiaolin, Qingjun Zhang, Lidan Li, Zhi Li, Zhao He, and Yajun Liu. "Study on the Liquid Metal Circularly Cooling Closed Chassis Actuated by Electromagnetic Pump." In Proceedings of the Eighth Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics, 1453–62. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1309-9_141.

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Shintake, Jun, and Yegor Piskarev. "Liquid metal-based soft actuators and sensors for biomedical applications." In Metal Oxides for Biomedical and Biosensor Applications, 585–94. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823033-6.00021-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid Metal Actuator"

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Zarepoor, Masoud, Zhijian Ren, and Carmel Majidi. "Fabrication and Testing of a Soft Shape Memory Alloy Actuator With an Integrated Liquid Metal Sensor." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2437.

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Abstract This paper introduces the fabrication and calibration of a soft shape memory alloy actuator with an integrated liquid metal sensor. The actuator is capable of transforming from an unactuated soft curled shape to an actuated rigid straight shape when it is electrically activated. The surface-bonded sensor is a capacitive strain gauge capable of tracking actuator curvature, which is composed of microfluidic channels of liquid metal alloy embedded in a soft silicone elastomer. The sensor has limited impact on the mechanical properties of the actuator due to being soft and lightweight. The fabrication procedure of the actuator is demonstrated in detail, and it is explained how the actuator can be easily fabricated using rapid prototyping techniques, such as laser cutting and stencil lithography. Then, the calibration procedure shows how the capacitance of the bonded strain gauge can be related to the actuator curvature by aligning capacitance data from the sensor with the actuator’s curvature captured by a fast camera. Finally, we implemented a closed-loop control strategy to show the effectiveness of the integrated sensor in improving the actuator performance. The used control scheme provides a method for optimizing actuation in a way that maximizes actuation amplitude. For optimal control, we use a learning-based approach with a covariant matrix adaptive evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES). It is shown that small change in either applied voltage or actuation time will lead to a large difference on the actuation performance.
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Matsubara, Ken, Yoshimi Tanaka, Ohmi Fuchiwaki, and Hiroki Ota. "Electrically Controlled Gel Actuator Using Liquid Metal Electrode." In 2020 IEEE 33rd International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mems46641.2020.9056398.

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Okazaki, Hiroshi, Shigeki Sawada, Tokiyoshi Matsuda, and Mutsumi Kimura. "Soft actuator using ionic polymer-metal composite driven with ionic liquid." In 2014 IEEE International Meeting for Future of Electron Devices, Kansai (IMFEDK). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imfedk.2014.6867092.

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Otake, Shohei, and Satoshi Konishi. "Integration of flexible strain sensor using liquid metal into soft micro-actuator." In 2018 IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2018.8346617.

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Hao, Yufei, Zemin Liu, Zhexin Xie, Xi Fang, Tianmiao Wang, and Li Wen. "A Variable Degree-of-Freedom and Self-Sensing Soft Bending Actuator Based on Conductive Liquid Metal and Thermoplastic Polymer Composites." In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8593658.

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Rehekampff, Christoph, Dominik Rumschoettel, Andreas Schroeffer, Franz Irlinger, and Tim C. Lueth. "Production of Spherical Monodisperse Metal Powders by Means of the Plateau-Rayleigh Instability of a Liquid Metal Jet." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70372.

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Abstract Additive Manufacturing is becoming increasingly important due to its possibilities. Processes such as selective laser melting, electron beam melting or binder jetting are used to manufacture industrial metal parts. The starting material for these techniques is metal powder with a particle size of approx. 30 to 100 microns, depending on the process. Common processes for powder production are e.g. gas or water atomization. Disadvantages of these techniques are the non-spherical particles and the wide size distribution. Today’s Additive Manufacturing technologies require a high-quality, spherical powder with a narrow particle size distribution. After powder production, sieving or similar separation methods are required to sort the particles by size and achieve the desired size distribution. Particles that don’t have the desired size, have to be discarded. The high consumption of inert gas (argon) for gas atomization and the complex screening process result in high costs for the powder produced. One alternative method for producing monodisperse and spherical particles from molten metal is droplet formation using Plateau-Rayleigh instability. This effect causes a liquid jet to break up into droplets of the same size. This breakup can be stimulated by modulating the jet velocity at a specific frequency. In free fall, the droplet shape becomes spherical due to the surface tension of the melt. In this way a monodisperse powder with spherical particles can be produced. The size of the generated particles depends on the modulation wavelength, while the instability has its greatest effect on a specific wavelength proportional to the jet diameter. By varying the modulation frequency during the process, precisely defined fractions of certain particle sizes can be generated. In this way, powders with tailor-made particle size distribution can be produced for specific applications. In this work a droplet generator for molten solder (Sn 37%, Pb 63%) was designed, built and tested. Due to its temperature stability and mechanical properties, the body of the droplet generator was manufactured from the polymer PEEK (polyether ether ketone). The modulation was performed with a piezo stack actuator controlled by a waveform generator and an amplifier. A sapphire nozzle with a diameter of 200 microns was used for jet forming. The droplet size, jet velocity and modulation frequencies were characterized and compared with theoretical calculations. Jet breakup and drop formation were investigated with a high-speed video camera. The generated particles were examined for size and shape by scanning electron microscopy. As a result, this work shows the potential of using this method to produce high quality powder for metal-based Additive Manufacturing technologies. Further work can be carried out to process metals with higher melting temperatures and to increase the throughput of the system.
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Zhang, Weiming, Xudong Li, Jianing Pu, and Qiwei Yong. "Studies on Techniques and Devices of Controlling Surge in Pipelines." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45260.

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Water hammer in pipelines may cause serious accident. To solve the problem, three mechanical devices — rubber tube relief valve, metal plug relief valve and pressure-surge-proof valve actuator are developed. The first two devices are for controlling the surge after water hammer occurs, the last one is for preventing it from occurring at valve. When the monitored pressure increases at a rate higher than the setting rate, or the pressure reaches the setting maximum value, the relieve valve will release liquid to constrain strong surge from water hammer. The key part of one relieve valve is a rubber tube; the other is metal valve plug. Both of the relief valves could also be used as common relief valves. The pressure-surge-proof valve actuator works on the principle of damping the movement of the valve stem at the closing end of its travel. The key part is a two-stage-damping device, which is installed onto a valve actuator. When the valve stem goes into the last part of full travel the device provide damping action in two stages to weaken the surge from valve opening or closing.
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Kim, Changsung Sean, Sung-Jun Park, Wonchul Shim, Young-Jae Kim, Jung Hoon Park, Chang-Sung Park, and Youngseuck Yoo. "Conceptual Design of Industrial Inkjet Head for Micro Patterning on Printed Circuit Boards." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30083.

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A conceptual design using computational fluid dynamics and experimental fabrication has been performed to develop an industrial inkjet head for micro-patterning on printed circuit boards. The measured displacement waveform from piezoelectric actuator by Laser Doppler Vibrometer was used as input data for the three-dimensional flow solver to simulate the droplet formation. The mechanism of droplet ejection from piezoelectric-type inkjet heads was investigated by simulating two-phase flows of the air and metal inks. As a preliminary approach, liquid metal jetting phenomena are identified by simulating droplet ejection, droplet formation, and wetting on the substrate in a consequent manner. Parametric studies are followed by the design optimization process to deduce key factors to inkjet head performance: nozzle geometry, droplet size, ejecting speed, ejecting frequency, and ink viscosity. The present design tool based on two-phase flow solver and experimental measurements has shown its promising applicability to various concept designs of industrial inkjet system for micro-patterning on electronic chips and boards.
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Forster, Fred K., and Travis Walter. "Design Optimization of Fixed-Valve Micropumps for Miniature Cooling Systems." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33829.

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The piezoelectrically driven fixed-valve micropump may be an attractive choice for miniature liquid cooling systems due to its low-cost potential and simple fabrication. The thin, stackable design can be fabricated in many materials, including silicon, metal and plastic. Previous linear system modeling has been used to predict resonant behavior in terms of valve Reynolds number and used as a guideline for design, but can not yield predictions of pressure and flow, which depend on nonlinear fluid dynamic phenomena. In this study we report an extended model that incorporates the calculation of block-load pressure and no-load flow in a manner such that thousands of designs can be analyzed quickly. The results indicate that by calculating these two pump performance parameters over a design space of valve size and actuator stiffness, pump design is better able to match pump performance to system requirements. Experimental verification was performed using prototype pumps with interchangeable plastic and metal parts to demonstrate the approach for these two low cost materials.
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Jeon, Jinpyo, Jeong-Bong Lee, Sang Kug Chung, and Daeyoung Kim. "Magnetic liquid metal marble: Wireless manipulation of liquid metal droplet for electrical switching applications." In TRANSDUCERS 2015 - 2015 18th International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/transducers.2015.7181305.

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