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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid local structure'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Godonoga, Maia, Alex Malins, Jens Eggers, and C. Patrick Royall. "Local structure of liquid–vapour interfaces." Molecular Physics 109, no. 7-10 (March 30, 2011): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2011.564217.

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2

Yang, Cheng, and Xin Zhou. "The multiple local structures in liquid water." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 18 (July 15, 2018): 1840003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218400039.

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The debate over whether the structure of liquid water is homogeneous or mixed with a variety of structures has been going on for more than one century. With the discovery of different amorphous ices and advances in computer technology, mixture model is gaining more and more attention. In this paper, the latest progress in the experiment and simulation of the local structure of liquid water is introduced firstly. Secondly, the principal component analysis is used to study the water’s Raman spectra and tetrahedral-order distributions. We find that both the spectra and distributions can be obtained by linear superposition of two basic functions, which correspond to the existence of two local structures in liquid water. Finally, we introduce the development of using the binary regular solution theory to explain some thermodynamic properties of liquid water.

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3

Kirian, I. M., A. D. Rud, O. S. Roik, V. P. Kazimirov, O. M. Yakovenko, and A. M. Lakhnik. "Local atomic structure of liquid Al87Mg13 alloy." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 586 (June 2022): 121562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2022.121562.

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4

Zhao, Xiaolin, Xiufang Bian, XinXin Li, KaiKai Song, Yanwen Bai, and YunFang Li. "Local structure of supercooled liquid Ga90In10 alloy." Chinese Journal of Physics 73 (October 2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjph.2021.05.023.

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5

Yoshioka, Shinya, Yukinobu Kawakita, Makoto Kanehira, and Shin'ichi Takeda. "Local Structure of Liquid IVb–Te Mixtures." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 38, S1 (January 1, 1999): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.38s1.468.

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6

Kawakita, Yukinobu, Shinya Yoshioka, Ikuo Hiraishi, Makoto Kanehira, and Sin'ichi Takeda. "Local Structure of Compound-Forming Liquid Alloys." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 38, S1 (January 1, 1999): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/jjaps.38s1.472.

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7

Mitus, Antoni C., and Alexander Z. Patashinskii. "Study of local structure of “computer” liquid." Ferroelectrics 104, no. 1 (April 1990): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199008223846.

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8

Hoshino, Hideoki, and Hirohisa Endo. "Local structure of liquid rubidium-selenium mixtures." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 117-118 (February 1990): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(90)90584-9.

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9

Yang Cheng and Zhou Xin. "Multiple types of local structure in liquid water." Acta Physica Sinica 65, no. 17 (2016): 176501. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.65.176501.

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10

Yang, Cheng, Chuanbiao Zhang, Fangfu Ye, and Xin Zhou. "Ultra-high-density local structure in liquid water." Chinese Physics B 28, no. 11 (October 2019): 116104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ab4710.

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11

Bochyński, Z., and L. Dejneka. "Local Structure and Molecular Correlations in Liquid Naphthalene." Acta Physica Polonica A 93, no. 3 (March 1998): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.93.471.

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12

Soler, José M., Gabriel Fabricius, and Emilio Artacho. "Surface layering and local structure in liquid surfaces." Surface Science 482-485 (June 2001): 1314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-6028(01)00862-7.

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13

Phuong, Nguyen Hoang, and Friederike Schmid. "Local structure in nematic and isotropic liquid crystals." Journal of Chemical Physics 119, no. 2 (July 8, 2003): 1214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1577322.

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14

Santra, Biswajit, Robert A. DiStasio, Fausto Martelli, and Roberto Car. "Local structure analysis in ab initio liquid water." Molecular Physics 113, no. 17-18 (July 6, 2015): 2829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2015.1058432.

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15

Shephard, Jacob J., John S. O. Evans, and Christoph G. Salzmann. "Local structure and orientational ordering in liquid bromoform." Molecular Physics 117, no. 22 (September 10, 2019): 3337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2019.1648897.

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16

Atamas, N. A. "Local structure of ionic liquid–monohydric alcohol solutions." Journal of Structural Chemistry 57, no. 1 (January 2016): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0022476616010145.

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17

Iwadate, Yasuhiko, and Takahiro Ohkubo. "The Local Structure of Liquid TiCl4 Analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 68, no. 1-2 (February 1, 2013): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/zna.2012-0094.

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Structural analyses were performed to determine the local structure of liquid TiCl4 using laboratory-scale X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy from which the existence of tetrahedral TiCl4 molecules in the liquid was definitely confirmed. Conventionally, in molten salts, the valence increase of the central metal ion, for example in the range from 1 to 3, leads to more complicated liquid structures, yet a further increase in valence is usually accompanied by an enhanced covalency, forming stable tetrahedral molecules like e. g. CCl4.We discuss the intermolecular structure of TiCl4 liquid as well as the intramolecular one.

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18

Zhou, Huanyi, Pengfei Yu, Xiaoyu Miao, Cunjin Peng, Lulu Fu, Conghui Si, Qifang Lu, Shunwei Chen, and Xiujun Han. "High-Temperature Liquid–Liquid Phase Transition in Glass-Forming Liquid Pd43Ni20Cu27P10." Materials 16, no. 12 (June 13, 2023): 4353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124353.

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Liquid–liquid phase transition (LLPT) is a transition from one liquid state to another with the same composition but distinct structural change, which provides an opportunity to explore the relationships between structural transformation and thermodynamic/kinetic anomalies. Herein the abnormal endothermic LLPT in Pd43Ni20Cu27P10 glass-forming liquid was verified and studied by flash differential scanning calorimetry (FDSC) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. The results show that the change of the atomic local structure of the atoms around the Cu-P bond leads to the change in the number of specific clusters <0 2 8 0> and <1 2 5 3>, which leads to the change in the liquid structure. Our findings reveal the structural mechanisms that induce unusual heat-trapping phenomena in liquids and advance the understanding of LLPT.

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19

Mauro, N. A., W. Fu, J. C. Bendert, Y. Q. Cheng, E. Ma, and K. F. Kelton. "Local atomic structure in equilibrium and supercooled liquid Zr75.5Pd24.5." Journal of Chemical Physics 137, no. 4 (July 28, 2012): 044501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4737381.

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20

Yamamoto, Sekika, Yasuhiko Ishibashi, Yasuhiro Inamura, Yoshinori Katayama, Tomobumi Mishina, and Jun’ichiro Nakahara. "Pressure dependence of local structure in liquid carbon disulfide." Journal of Chemical Physics 124, no. 14 (April 14, 2006): 144511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2185094.

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21

Sun, Zhimei, Jian Zhou, Andreas Blomqvist, Lihua Xu, and Rajeev Ahuja. "Local structure of liquid Ge1Sb2Te4for rewritable data storage use." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 20, no. 20 (April 15, 2008): 205102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/20/20/205102.

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22

Wei, Shiqiang, Hiroyuki Oyanagi, Wenhan Liu, Tiandou Hu, Shilong Yin, and Guozhu Bian. "Local structure of liquid gallium studied by X-ray absorption fine structure." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 275, no. 3 (October 2000): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(00)00251-9.

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23

Imafuku, Muneyuki, Junji Saida, and Akihisa Inoue. "Change in local atomic structure during formation of the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase in Zr70Pd30glassy alloy." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 11 (November 2001): 3046–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0420.

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The local atomic structures in glassy, supercooled liquid and quasicrystalline phases for a Zr70Pd30binary alloy have been examined by the x-ray diffraction method. It was found that the local atomic structure in the glassy phase can be identified as the distorted icosahedral-like structure around Zr and remains almost unchanged by the phase transformation into the supercooled liquid. In the formation process of the icosahedral phase, approximately one Zr atom substitutes with one Pd atom in this local structure. This kind of atomic rearrangement may improve the perfectibility of the as-quenched icosahedral-like cluster, leading to the phase evolution of the icosahedral phase.

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24

Stankus, John J., Renato Torre, and M. D. Fayer. "Influence of local liquid structure on orientational dynamics: isotropic phase of liquid crystals." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 37 (September 1993): 9478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100139a036.

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25

Yasuda, Hideyuki, S. Kato, T. Shinba, T. Nagira, M. Yoshiya, Akira Sugiyama, K. Umetani, and Kentaro Uesugi. "Regular Structure Formation of Hypermonotectic Al-In Alloys." Materials Science Forum 649 (May 2010): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.649.131.

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Since the liquid / liquid separation occurs in hypermonotectic alloys and the liquid / liquid interface agitates mass transfer around solidifying front, it is rather difficult to achieve the aligned-rod structure. The high magnetic filed such as 10T achieved the aligned-rod structure in the Al-10at%In alloys. The in-situ observations of the monotectic solidification in the Al-10at%In alloys were performed using synchrotron radiation X-ray. Coarse and fine In rods coexisted during the unidirectional solidification without magnetic field. The local melt flow induced by the In-rich liquid / Al-rich liquid interface enhanced the mass transfer and consequently the coarse rods could continuously grow. The suppression of the local melt flow of which scale was several 10 m by the high static magnetic field resulted in the aligned-rod structure.

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26

Sun, Jing, Xuezhi Qin, Yuxin Song, Zhenyu Xu, Chao Zhang, Wei Wang, Zhaokun Wang, Bin Wang, and Zuankai Wang. "Selective liquid directional steering enabled by dual-scale reentrant ratchets." International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 5, no. 2 (April 27, 2023): 025504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/acccbc.

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Abstract Achieving well-controlled directional steering of liquids is of great significance for both fundamental study and practical applications, such as microfluidics, biomedicine, and heat management. Recent advances allow liquids with different surface tensions to select their spreading directions on a same surface composed of macro ratchets with dual reentrant curvatures. Nevertheless, such intriguing directional steering function relies on 3D printed sophisticated structures and additional polishing process to eliminate the inevitable microgrooves-like surface deficiency generated from printing process, which increases the manufacturing complexity and severally hinders practical applications. Herein, we developed a simplified dual-scale structure that enables directional liquid steering via a straightforward 3D printing process without the need of any physical and chemical post-treatment. The dual-scale structure consists of macroscale tilt ratchet equipped with a reentrant tip and microscale grooves that decorated on the whole surface along a specific orientation. Distinct from conventional design requiring the elimination of microgrooves-like surface deficiency, we demonstrated that the microgrooves of dual-scale structure play a key role in delaying or promoting the local flow of liquids, tuning of which could even enable liquids select different spreading pathways. This study provides a new insight for developing surfaces with tunable multi-scale structures, and also advances our fundamental understanding of the interaction between liquid spreading dynamics and surface topography.

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27

Blétry, J. "Description of the Glass Transition by a Percolation Blocking of Local Chemical Order." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 51, no. 1-2 (February 1, 1996): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1996-1-213.

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Abstract A model for the liquid-glass transition, based on a percolation blocking of local chemical order, is proposed. The case of metallic liquids and glasses, whose structure is dominated by first neighbour chemical arrangement, is first treated. The chemical ordering "reaction" of the liquid phase is studied at thermodynamical equilibrium and the increase of the chemical order parameter with decreasing temperature is calculated. Within a given composition interval, however, a geometrical percolation process is shown to block this reaction below a "percolation temperature" (corresponding to null cooling rate) where the liquid is irreversibly frozen into a glass. The liquid-glass "phase diagram" is established and kinetic arguments, involving "frustrated" finite clusters which are formed close to the percolation threshold, provide an evaluation of the experimentally measured "glass transition temperature" as a function of cooling rate. The validity of this one order parameter model is then discussed with the help of the irreversible thermodynamics theory of Prigogine.The formation of tetracoordinated glasses is explained by the formation of tetrahedral bonds, when the liquid temperature decreases, and represented by a "hole ordering" reaction. A general description of the structure of tetracoordinated glasses is thus achieved, which applies to amorphous silicon and germanium, 111 -V compounds, silica, amorphous water etc. Furthermore, an estimation of the temperature interval for the glass transformation of silica is obtained, which agrees well with experiment.The existence of frustrated clusters gives to glasses a composite structure in the "medium distance order", which could explain the "fractal nature" of glass fracture surfaces down to the nanometer scale.

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28

Durkin, David P., Christopher D. Stachurski, Tyler Cosby, Nathaniel E. Larm, James H. Davis, and Paul C. Trulove. "Electrochemical Approach for Studying Local Dynamic Heterogeneity of Ionic Liquids Applied to Neoteric Boroniums." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 56 (December 22, 2023): 2722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02562722mtgabs.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquid salts (below ca. 100 °C) whose ions can be designed to impart unique physicochemical properties. An emergent class of ILs based on the boronium cation (BILs) can have unique zwitterionic structure within the cation that presents potential for electrochemical applications. In the present study we first show how broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) can be used to evaluate local dynamic heterogeneity in imidazolium-based ionic liquid systems. We then apply this approach to a series of BILs (coupled with the bis(trifluoro-methanesulfonyl)imide ([Tf2N]–) anion), whose cationic structures show similar features, suggesting may have potential to promote more favorable ion transport for application in supercapacitors. Preliminary cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data will also be shown that evaluates the chemical stability of each BILs when combined with common electrode materials.

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29

Shinohara,, Armando H., Kazuhiko Omote,, Yoshio Waseda,, and James M. Toguri,. "On the Local Structure of Liquid Gallium from EXAFS Studies." High Temperature Materials and Processes 15, no. 4 (September 1996): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/htmp.1996.15.4.237.

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30

Chen, Kuiying, and Qingchun Li. "Local Structure and Bond Orientation Order of Liquid Metal Pb." Chinese Physics Letters 10, no. 6 (June 1993): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/10/6/013.

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31

Lee, Byeongchan, and Geun Woo Lee. "Local structure of liquid Ti: Ab initio molecular dynamics study." Journal of Chemical Physics 129, no. 2 (July 14, 2008): 024711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2953458.

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32

Imafuku, M., K. Yaoita, S. Sato, W. Zhang, A. Inoue, and Y. Waseda. "Local atomic structure of amorphous alloys with supercooled liquid region." Materials Science and Engineering: A 304-306 (May 2001): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5093(00)01559-8.

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33

Mizuno, A., T. Itami, A. San-Miguel, G. Ferlat, J. F. Jal, and M. Borowski. "Local structure in liquid Hg–Rb alloys studied by EXAFS." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 312-314 (October 2002): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3093(02)01652-6.

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34

Cunsolo, Alessandro, Andrea Orecchini, Caterina Petrillo, and Francesco Sacchetti. "Interplay between Microscopic Diffusion and Local Structure of Liquid Water." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 114, no. 50 (December 23, 2010): 16713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp1073768.

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35

Kusalik, Peter G., Dan Bergman, and Aatto Laaksonen. "The local structure in liquid methylamine and methylamine–water mixtures." Journal of Chemical Physics 113, no. 18 (November 8, 2000): 8036–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1315321.

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36

Misawa, M. "A short-chain model for local structure in liquid tellurium." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 4, no. 48 (November 30, 1992): 9491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/4/48/004.

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37

Coppari, F., A. Di Cicco, A. Filipponi, A. Trapananti, G. Aquilanti, and S. D. Panfilis. "Local structure of liquid and undercooled liquid Cu probed by x-ray absorption spectroscopy." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 121, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 042009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/121/4/042009.

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38

Lin, Tzu-Jen, Cheng-Rong Hsing, Ching-Ming Wei, and Jer-Lai Kuo. "Structure prediction of the solid forms of methanol: an ab initio random structure searching approach." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 4 (2016): 2736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp06583f.

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39

Wen, Dadong, Yonghe Deng, Xiongying Dai, Zean Tian, Yunfei Mo, and Ping Peng. "Evolution of local atomic structures during rapid solidification of liquid metal W." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 30 (October 30, 2018): 1850368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918503682.

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the evolution of local atomic structure during rapid solidification of liquid metal W. The microstructures were characterized by means of potential energy (PE) per atom, pair distribution function and largest standard cluster analysis (LSCA). Instead of [12/555] perfect icosahedra, the [8/555 2/544 2/433] distorted icosahedra dominated in W monatomic metallic glasses (MGs). With the decrease of temperature, these clusters in metal W systems aggregated steeply into icosahedral medium-range orders (IMROs), especially in the super-cooling liquid region. Moreover, the maximal size [Formula: see text] of IMROs played a control role in the formation of W monatomic MGs rather than the number [Formula: see text]. The mean local fivefold symmetry [Formula: see text] of IMROs was demonstrated to be an effective indicator to characterize the glass transition of monatomic metal W liquids.

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40

Golubina, E. N., and N. F. Kizim. "Interfacial Synthesis: Morphology, Structure, and Properties of Interfacial Formations in Liquid–Liquid Systems." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 95, no. 4 (April 2021): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024421040075.

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Abstract The results of studies in the field of interfacial synthesis and interfacial formations in liquid–liquid systems are summarized. The mechanisms of the processes of interfacial synthesis are considered. Data on the self-assembly of nanoparticles, films, and 3D materials are given. The properties of materials of interfacial formations in systems with rare-earth elements and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, obtained both in the presence and absence of local vibrations, are described. It was established that materials obtained in the presence of local vibrations in the interfacial layer have higher density, melting point, and magnetic susceptibility and lower electric conductivity. The effect of force field parameters on the properties of interfacial formations is considered. Practical applications and prospects for research in the field of interfacial formations are discussed.

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41

Bai, Yan Wen, Xiao Lin Zhao, Xiu Fang Bian, Kai Kai Song, and Yan Zhao. "Structure Evolution of Au₅₀Cu₅₀ Alloy from Melt to the Disordered Solid Solution." Materials Science Forum 993 (May 2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.993.273.

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The liquid local structure of Au50Cu50 solid solution was detected by high-temperature X-ray diffraction experiment and Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation. The clusters in the liquid Au50Cu50 alloy comprise the 12-coordinated polyhedron with Au center, which was the same as the clusters in the liquid pure Au. In the case of alloying, there was a high population of Au-Au bonds, and the local structure around Cu atoms was changed. In the case of solidification, the 12-coordinated clusters around Au atoms were preserved into the AuCu alloy, forming the disordered solid solution structure. The strong tendency for Cu-Cu bonds was weakened from 2.35 Å in the liquid to 2.81 Å in the solid solution, and the local structure around Cu atoms rearranges. It is shown that the liquid structure of the Au50Cu50 alloy plays a crucial role in the solid solution. Our findings elucidate that the disordered solid solution structure in AuCu alloy stems from the highly dominated 12-coordinated clusters associated with centered Au atom in the melt.

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42

Gordon, Peter G., Darren H. Brouwer, and John A. Ripmeester. "Probing the Local Structure of Pure Ionic Liquid Salts with Solid- and Liquid-State NMR." ChemPhysChem 11, no. 1 (January 18, 2010): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200900624.

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43

Ogawa, Hiroshi, and Yoshio Waseda. "A Geometrical Model of the Structure of Liquid Silicon Incorporating the Local- and Medium-Range Orders." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 49, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1994-1016.

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AbstractA new structure model of liquid silicon is tested by incorporating the local bond orientational order and the medium-range radial distribution. The shoulder observed on the high Q side of the principal peak in the structure factor of liquid silicon appears to be mainly caused by the atomic radial distribution in the range from 0.4 to 0.6 nm. On the other hand, a molecular dynamics simulation on liquid silicon shows that the angular distribution of neighboring atoms has tetrahedral-like features, similar to those in the β-tin type crystal structure with c/a = 0.7. With these facts in mind, a new geometrical model of liquid silicon is proposed which simultaneously satisfies the experimental density, radial distribution, calculated bond orientational order, and typical liquid nature of random orientation in the long range.

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44

OHTAKA, Osamu. "XAFS Study of Pressure Induced Local Structure Change in Liquid Germanate." Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi 48, no. 1 (2006): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5940/jcrsj.48.86.

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45

Chen, Ying, Xiu Fang Bian, Xi Zhen Li, and Minhua Sun. "Local Structure of Al-Sr Modifier in Liquid Al-Si Alloys." Materials Science Forum 396-402 (July 2002): 753–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.396-402.753.

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46

Ryzhov, V. N. "Local structure and bond orientational order in a Lennard-Jones liquid." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 2, no. 26 (July 2, 1990): 5855–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/2/26/023.

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47

Endo, Hirohisa, K. Maruyama, H. Hoshino, and H. Ikemoto. "Local Structure of Liquid Te Studied by Neutron Diffraction and EXAFS." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 217, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 863–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.217.7.863.20397.

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AbstractNeutron diffraction measurements for liquid (l-) Te have been performed. The first minimum after the first peak of g(r) is well above zero and filled up with temperature, while the second peak diminishes substantially and flattens out at high temperature. The temperature variations of g(r) are analyzed combining the structural information available from our EXAFS results. The curve fitting of g(r) for l-Te predicts that two different inter-chain components coexist. The first corresponds to the short-distance inter-chain component around 3.2Å and the second corresponds to the long-distance inter-chain component around 3.8Å. The filling of the first minimum around 3.2Å at high temperature is clearly related to the metallization. EXAFS analysis on the basis of the model g(r) indicates that the short-distance inter-chain component (P2) responsible for the metallic conduction in l-Te as well as the nearest intra-chain component (P1) are required for fitting the oscillatory spectrum in the region of short-range sensitivity of the EXAFS signal. It is concluded that the S-M transition observed for l-Te arises from the transformation to the densely packed configuration composed of shortened chain molecules.

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48

Di Cicco, Andrea, Marco Taglienti, Marco Minicucci, and Adriano Filipponi. "Local structure of liquid and solid silver halides probed by XAFS." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2001): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049500016940.

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49

Saito, Soshi, Hikari Watanabe, Kazuhide Ueno, Toshihiko Mandai, Shiro Seki, Seiji Tsuzuki, Yasuo Kameda, Kaoru Dokko, Masayoshi Watanabe, and Yasuhiro Umebayashi. "Li+ Local Structure in Hydrofluoroether Diluted Li-Glyme Solvate Ionic Liquid." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, no. 13 (March 23, 2016): 3378–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b12354.

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Brillo, J., A. Bytchkov, I. Egry, L. Hennet, G. Mathiak, I. Pozdnyakova, D. L. Price, D. Thiaudiere, and D. Zanghi. "Local structure in liquid binary Al–Cu and Al–Ni alloys." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 352, no. 38-39 (October 2006): 4008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.08.011.

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