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Pursell, Mark Robert. "The effect of fermentation broth components and added compounds on mass transfer during liquid-liquid extraction." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8501.
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Liu, Michael Li Yu. "Fermentation of hemicellulose rich liquid fractions derived from steam pretreated softwoods." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25480.
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One of the main challenges in the bioconversion of lignocellulosics into bioethanol is to
maximize the recovery of hemicellulosic sugars while increasing ethanol production
through fermentation of these sugars. Steam pretreatment of Douglas-fir (DF) and
Lodgepole pine (LPP) at a severity factor of logR₀ = 3.64 resulted in water soluble
fractions (WSFs) containing monomeric hexose sugars up to 86 g/L. The crude WSFs
were not fermentable by four yeast strains: T₁ and T₂ (spent sulfite liquor adapted strains),
Y1528 (haploid strain that preferentially ferment galactose first) and BY4742 (haploid
laboratory strain). Dilution of fermentation inhibitors in crude WSFs led to appreciable
improvements in their fermentability, especially by the SSL-adapted yeast strain T₂.
The four yeast strains were tested against several model furan and phenolic compounds to
examine their tolerance to these fermentation inhibitors. All four yeast strains produced
comparable ethanol productivity when 3 g/L of HMF or 0.8 g/L of furfural were added to
medium containing 2% glucose. However, T₁ and T₂ exhibited higher ethanol
productivity compared to Y1528 and BY4742 when 5 g/L of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and
5 g/L of vanillic acid were added to media as supplements. This provides evidence that
the robustness of SSL-adapted T₁ and T₂ yeast strains probably originates from their
tolerance to certain phenolic compounds.
Overliming improved ethanol production from Douglas-fir 1 (DF1) WSF by T₂ from 1.7
g/L to 13 g/L. When DF1 WSF was spiked with glucose up to 100 g/L, it produced
ethanol yields similar to that of the glucose reference fermentation media. Since it is not
practical to spike WSF with glucose in an industrial process, we investigated the
applicability of separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and hybrid hydrolysis and
fermentation (HHF) with the whole slurry to achieve higher initial fermentable sugar
concentration. SHF of combined WSF and hydrolysates recovered after enzymatic
hydrolysis of water insoluble fraction (WIF) by T₂ produced up to 90% ethanol yield.
HHF produced ethanol concentrations comparable to those of SHF with or without
overliming. This result indicated that SHF and HHF of the whole slurry can help
improve the fermentability of WSFs.
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Lee, Suk Hean. "Investigation of alcoholic and malolactic fermentation using high performance liquid chromatography." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327472.
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Berenjian, Aydin. "Development of New Approaches for Liquid State Fermentation of Menaquinone-7." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9377.
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The addition of menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in diet reduces the risk of bone fractures and cardiovascular disorders which are the major health issues worldwide. The concentration of MK-7 in food products is too low for therapeutic doses and there is a need for supplementary MK-7. This vitamin can be produced from the fermentation of Bacillus subtilis natto. To the best of our knowledge the effect of process parameters on the production of MK-7 has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate and develop a novel and easily scalable method to produce high MK-7 concentration by fermentation of Bacillus subtilis natto. In addition, it was attempted to establish a simple, benign and environmental friendly system to eliminate the use of organic solvent for the extraction of MK-7 to develop a formulation for supplementary food product. Design of experiments was used for screening and optimizing the most effective factors on MK-7 production and extraction. At the conditions examined the optimum process parameters were in good agreement with the predicted value by the model. Nutrients, temperature, air flow rate, stirring speed were found to be the most significant factors for MK-7 fermentation process. Initial fermentation media composed of soy peptone 18.9% (w/v), yeast extract 5% (w/v), glycerol 5% (w/v), K2HPO4 0.06% (w/v). The highest MK-7 concentration of 300 mg/L was produced after 90 hrs when 2% (w/v) fed-batch glycerol was added to the fermentation media in 15 hrs of fermentation at 1000 rpm, 5 vvm, 40 ºC. The optimum result demonstrates 5-fold increase of MK-7 concentration compared to the reported concentrations in the literature. Moreover, a novel one step process was developed for the production and simultaneous extraction of MK-7. In this technique large quantity of MK-7 was extracted during the fermentation and rapid agitation of fermentation media into the oil phase that was used as an anti-foaming agent. The results of this study demonstrate the significant impact of optimal conditions for possible MK-7 production at the industrial level. The resulted oil phase can be easily separated from the fermentation media and be used directly for the production of supplementary food product for prevention of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis.
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Jones, Samuel T. "Gas-liquid mass transfer in an external airlift loop reactor for syngas fermentation." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Moran, Colm Anthony. "Developments and benefits of liquid feeding through fermentation for the post-weaned pig." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2291.
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A programme of study was undertaken to assess the safety and palatability of fermented liquid feed. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to select an inoculant capable of fermenting liquid feed at 20°C. Whilst combinations of cultures dropped the pH the most rapidly, the Lb. plantarum (PC) strain decreased the pH the lowest. A series of trials were conducted using a rifampicin mutant of Lb. plantarum (PC) to examine the fate of the starter culture. In an experiment using liquid milled wheat the addition of the starter culture resulted in an improvement in the inhibition of coliforms over the control (no inoculant). A series of fermentations prepared using Lb. plantarum (PC) were challenged with potential porcine pathogens at three temperatures (20°, 30° and 37°C) and after the feed had been fermented for different periods of time (24, 48, 72 and 96h). This study demonstrated that fermentation is an effective mechanism for eliminating potential porcine pathogens from liquid feed, However, the rate at which these pathogens are inactivated is dependent on temperature, duration of fermentation and challenge strain. The effect of temperature on the ability of E. coli and Salmonella spp. to survive in fermented liquid feed has implications for the management of liquid feeding systems. A study was conducted to examine the effect of feed form on the microbiology of the young piglets' gut. The benefits of feeding a FLF diet compared with a non-fermented liquid feed (NFLF), a conventional pelleted dry feed (DF) and leaving the piglet to continue to suckle the dam (S) for two weeks post-weaning were assessed. No coliforms bacteria (< 3.0 log10 cfu gˉ¹) were detected at the terminal ileum section of pigs fed FLF compared with 8.5, 8.1 and 6.0 log10 cfu gˉ¹ digesta in DF, NFLF and S pigs respectively. These results have implications in terms of .piglet health and dietary prevention of enteric diseases.
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Wan, Mohtar Wan Abd A. Q. I. "Production and bioactivity of Ganoderma lucidum BCCM 31549 exopolysaccharide using submerged liquid fermentation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26556.
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The RBF strategy has successfully produced fungal mycelial biomass and EPS in a very strictly regulated manner at high productivity rates compared to batch fermentation. The problematic lag phase and seed culture preparation were reduced in length; harvesting volume doubled, yield of product increased, and medium consumption was reduced in an RBF relative to batch. 80% broth replacement volume and transition phase were optimised. Dispersed mycelial filaments with ovoid-shaped pellets are the typical morphological characteristics associated with EPS production. N-limiting medium in an unbaffled 2.5-L bioreactor stimulated EPS formation during RBF compared to in baffled condition. The current study has managed to alter the molecule's hydrophobicity thus making it water-soluble as proved by compositional analysis and spectroscopy. The sulphated derivative of native glucan was identified as (1, 3)-(Sb(B-D-glucan. Sulphation was an effective approach to improve antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory (NO stimulation) activity of the sulphated (1,3)-(Sb(B-D-glucan or GS. GS maybe safe in in vitro trials due to its demonstrated lack of toxicity towards a normal human prostate cell line (PN2TA). GS also showed antimicrobial-antifungal-immunomodulatory activities derived from a single compound. Fungal cells tended to grow well in the porous structure of PUF cubes and the RBF using immobilised fungal cells was an efficient method for production of (Sb(B-glucan with a high yield. This study could be beneficial for other medicinal mushroom fermentation.
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Hassaballah, A. A. "Drying of alcohol by adsorption." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376626.
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Sukanya, Kamphayae. "Utilization and development of liquid brewer’s yeast mixed with cassava pulp for cattle feed." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225320.
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Morakul, Sumallika. "Etude et modélisation de la composition du gaz fermentaire en conditions œnologiques : intéret pour le controle de la fermentation." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0005/document.
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Ce travail décrit les équilibres gaz-liquide lors des fermentations alcooliques en conditions œnologiques, en se focalisant sur les composés d'arôme les plus abondants : isobutanol, alcool isoamylique, acétate d'éthyle, acétate d'isoamyle et hexanoate d'éthyle. Les coefficients de partage à l'équilibre (ki) de ces molécules sont quantifiés, grâce à la méthode PRV (Phase Ratio Variation), en précisant l'effet de la composition du milieu et de la température. Grâce à la mise en œuvre de fermentations spécifiques pendant lesquelles la vitesse de dégagement de CO2 est contrôlée (grâce à une perfusion d'azote ammoniacal), il a été montré que le dégagement de CO2 n'avait pas d'effet sur le rapport de concentrations entre phase gaz et liquide et pouvait être assimilé au ki. Une démarche de modélisation est ensuite effectuée, pour estimer la valeur du rapport de concentrations entre phase liquide et gaz pour ces composés (à l'exception de l'acétate d'éthyle et de l'alcool isoamylique), à tout moment de la fermentation et quelle que soit la température, y compris en conditions de non isothermie. Le modèle, basé sur l'équilibre des phases gaz et liquide, conduit à une erreur moyenne d'estimation inférieure à 10%. Grâce à ce modèle, il devient possible de réaliser des bilans de production des différents composés tout au long de la fermentation, à partir de leur seule mesure dans la phase gaz. Ces bilans permettent de différencier (i) la quantité globale produite, représentative des potentialités de la levure (intérêt microbiologique), (ii) la quantité restant dans la phase liquide (intérêt organoleptique) et (ii) la quantité perdue dans le gaz effluent (intérêt technologique). Il est ainsi mis en évidence que les pertes d'esters sont très importantes. Par exemple, à 20°C, elles atteignent respectivement 44 % et 25 % pour l'hexanoate d'éthyle et l'acétate d'isoamyle. Grâce à un dispositif de suivi en ligne permettant des mesures très fréquentes (une par heure), les vitesses - et les vitesses spécifiques - de production et de pertes sont calculées. Elles constituent de nouvelles informations utiles à la fois pour l'étude du métabolisme (suivi de la dynamique de flux métaboliques) et pour mieux raisonner les conduites de fermentation, notamment le régime de température. L'impact de ce régime de température est étudié plus en détail en réalisant des bilans de production lors de fermentations conduites avec la même souche de levure et le même moût. Les résultats obtenus montrent que si l'on ne prend en compte que les concentrations dans la phase liquide - généralement les seules informations disponibles - on surestime fortement l'impact de la température sur le métabolisme de composés fortement volatils, tels que les estersThe gas-liquid partitioning during winemaking fermentations was studied, with a focus on the main aroma compounds: isobutanol, isoamyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate. The partition coefficients (ki) of these molecules were quantified, using the PRV (Phase Ratio Variation) method. The influence of the must composition and temperature was assessed. The absence of any effect of CO2 production on gaz-liquid ratio compared to ki value was established by running specific fermentations in which the rate of CO2 production was kept constant by perfusion with assimilable nitrogen. A model was then elaborated to calculate gaz-liquid ratio of these molecules (excepted ethyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol) at any fermentation progress and at any temperature, including anisothermal fermentations. The model based on the equilibrium between the gas and liquid phases predicted ki with less than 10% error. Using this model, balances were c alculated, with a differentiation between (i) the total production, representative of the yeast potential (microbiological interest), (ii) the amount remaining in the fermenting must (organoleptic interest) and (iii) the amount lost in the exhaust CO2 (technological interest). High losses of esters were observed. For example, at 20°C, they represented 44% and 25 % for ethyl hexanoate and isoamyl acetate, respectively. Using an on line monitoring with a high frequency of measurements (one per hour), rates and specific rates of production were calculated. These new data are useful both for studies on metabolism (dynamics of metabolic fluxes) and for improving fermentation control, in particular temperature profile. The impact of temperature was assessed in more detail by comparing balances of production during fermentations run with the same yeast strain and must. These experiments demonstrated that the effect of temperature on the yeast metabolism was highly overestimated whe n only considering the concentrations in the liquid, i.e. usually the only available information
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Van, der Merwe Abraham Blignault. "Evaluation of different process designs for biobutanol production from sugarcane molasses." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4374.
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Thesis (MScEng (Process Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Recently, improved technologies have been developed for the biobutanol fermentation process: higher butanol concentrations and productivities are achieved during fermentation, and separation and purification techniques are less energy intensive. This may result in an economically viable process when compared to the petrochemical pathway for butanol production. The objective of this study is to develop process models to compare different possible process designs for biobutanol production from sugarcane molasses. Some of the best improved strains, which include Clostridium acetobutylicum PCSIR-10 and Clostridium beijerinckii BA101, produce total solvent concentrations of up to 24 g/L. Among the novel technologies for fermentation and downstream processing, fedbatch fermentation with in situ product recovery by gas-stripping, followed by either liquid-liquid extraction or adsorption, appears to be the most promising techniques for current industrial application. Incorporating these technologies into a biorefinery concept will contribute toward the development of an economically viable process. In this study three process routes are developed. The first two process routes incorporate well established industrial technologies: Process Route 1 consist of batch fermentation and steam stripping distillation, while in Process Route 2, some of the distillation columns is replaced with a liquid-liquid extraction column. The third process route incorporates fed-batch fermentation and gas-stripping, an unproven technology on industrial scale. Process modelling in ASPEN PLUS® and economic analyses in ASPEN Icarus® are performed to determine the economic feasibility of these biobutanol production process designs. Process Route 3 proved to be the only profitable design in current economic conditions. For the latter process, the first order estimate of the total project capital cost is $187 345 000.00 (IRR: 35.96%). Improved fermentation strains currently available are not sufficient to attain a profitable process design without implementation of advanced processing techniques. Gas stripping is shown to be the single most effective process step (of those evaluated in this study) which can be employed on an industrial scale to improve process economics of biobutanol production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onlangse verbeteringe in die tegnologie vir die vervaardiging van butanol via die fermentasie roete het tot gevolg dat: hoër butanol konsentrasies en produktiwiteit verkry kan word tydens die fermentasie proses, en energie verbruik tydens skeiding-en suiweringsprosesse laer is. Hierdie verbeteringe kan daartoe lei dat biobutanol op ʼn ekonomiese vlak kan kompeteer met die petrochemiese vervaardigings proses vir butanol. Die doelwit van die studie is om proses modelle te ontwikkel waarmee verskillende proses ontwerpe vir die vervaardiging van biobutanol vanaf suikerriet melasse vergelyk kan word. Verbeterde fermentasie organismes, wat insluit Clostridium acetobutylicum PCSIR-10 en Clostridium beijerinckii BA101, het die vermoë om ABE konsentrasies so hoog as 24 g/L te produseer. Wat nuwe tegnologie vir fermentasie en skeidingprosesse behels, wil dit voorkom of wisselvoer fermentasie met gelyktydige verwydering van produkte deur gasstroping, gevolg deur of vloeistof-vloeistof ekstraksie of adsorpsie, van die mees belowende tegnieke is om tans in die nywerheid te implementeer. Deur hierdie tegnologie in ʼn bioraffinadery konsep te inkorporeer sal bydra tot die ontwikkeling van ʼn ekonomies lewensvatbare proses. Drie prosesserings roetes word in die studie ontwikkel. Die eerste twee maak gebruik van goed gevestigde industriële tegnologie: Proses Roete 1 implementeer enkellading fermentasie en stoom stroping distillasie, terwyl in Proses Roete 2 van die distilasiekolomme vervang word met ʼn vloeistof-vloeistof ekstraksiekolom. Die derde proses roete maak gebruik van wisselvoer fermentasie met gelyktydige verwydering van produkte deur gas stroping. Die tegnologie is nog nie in die nywerheid bewys of gevestig nie. Om die ekonomiese uitvoerbaarheid van die proses ontwerpe te bepaal word proses modellering uitgevoer in ASPEN PLUS® en ekonomiese analises in ASPEN Icarus® gedoen. Proses Roete 3 is die enigste ontwerp wat winsgewend is in huidige ekonomiese toestande. Die eerste orde koste beraming van die laasgenoemde projek se totale kapitale koste is $187 345 000.00 (opbrengskoers: 35.96%). Die verbeterde fermentasie organismes wat tans beskikbaar is, is nie voldoende om ʼn proses winsgewend te maak nie; gevorderde proses tegnologie moet geïmplementeer word. Gasstroping is bewys as die mees effektiewe proses stap (getoets in die studie) wat op industriële skaal geïmplementeer kan word om die winsgewendheid van die biobutanol proses te verbeter.
Centre for Renewable and Sustainable Energy Studies
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Burlet, Justine. "Evaluation of the feasibility of applying liquid-core capsules for in-situ product recovery of geldanamycin in a streptomyces hygroscopicus fermentation /." Dublin, 2008. http://doc.rero.ch/record/10797?ln=fr.
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Silva, Tony Márcio da. "Produção e determinação das propriedades funcionais das amilases de Aspergillus niveus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59139/tde-23042010-154357/.
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Este trabalho objetivou coletar e isolar fungos filamentosos de diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo com potenciais para produção de enzimas amilolíticas com características físico-químicas desejáveis para aplicação industrial. Foram coletados 19 fungos nas três coletas realizadas e estes juntamente com outros cinco fungos, isolados anteriormente durante o projeto Biota/FAPESP, foram submetidos a uma seleção para a escolha do melhor produtor de amilases. Aspergillus niveus foi o que melhor produziu amilases nas condições avaliadas e foi tomado para dar continuidade ao trabalho. A etapa seguinte consistiu em avaliar as melhores condições de cultivo para a produção das amilases. Os maiores níveis de atividade enzimática foram detectados em meio Khanna, em cultivos estáticos, pH inicial 6,0, a 40°C, com 72 horas de crescimento. Milho moído, farinha de aveia, palha de arroz, maisena, amido solúvel, casca de mandioca, maltose, farelo de trigo, penetrose, amilopectina e rafinose foram as fontes de carbono que melhor induziram a síntese de amilases. Extratos enzimáticos de A. niveus obtidos sob condições ótimas de cultivo, foram submetidos a eluição em diferentes colunas cromatográficas (DEAE-Fragtogel e Sephacryl S-200) e três amilases foram purificadas (uma glucoamilase e 2 a-glucosidases- I e II), cujas massas moleculares determinadas por SDS-PAGE corresponderam à 77, 59 e 55 kDa. Os pontos isoelétricos e o conteúdo de carboidrato corresponderam respectivamente a de 3,8 e 15% para glucoamilase, 6,6 e 4% para a-glucosidase I e 6,8 e 29% para a- glucosidase II. O pH ótimo para atividade de glucoamilase foi de 5,0-5,5 e pH 6,0 para a atividade de a-glucosidase I e II. A temperatura ótima para as três enzimas foi de 65°C e as mesmas apresentaram boa estabilidade a 60 e 65°C. A glucoamilase apresentou alta afinidade para o amido, já a a-glucosidase I apresentou alta afinidade para amido, glicogênio e maltose. A maior eficiência catalítica foi verificada na presença de VII glicogênio, seguido de amido e maltose. A a-glucosidase II apresentou atividade sobre vários substratos e os valores de Kcat/Km obtidos mostraram maior preferência dessa enzima pelo glicogênio, seguido de amido, amilopectina, maltose e -NPG. A análise de Dicroísmo Circular demonstrou que as três amilases são ricas em a-hélices nas suas estruturas secundárias e o sequenciamento de aminoácidos revelou similaridade da glucoamilase de A. niveus com glucoamilases de A. terreus, A. niger, A. ficcum, A. awamori, A. kawachi e A. shirousami. O sequenciamento das a-glucosidases I e II revelaram homologia destas com a-glucosidase de A. fumigatus. Estudos do efeito de N-glicanas nas propriedades das enzimas foram avaliados mediante tratamento do meio de cultivo com tunicamicina. A glucoamilase e a a-glucosidase I perderam significativamente a especificidade pelo substrato, já a a-glucosidase II perdeu termoestabilidade com a remoção das N-glicanas. Glucoamilase e a-glucosidase II foram imobilizadas em suportes com interação iônica e por ligação covalente. Os suportes trocadores iônicos usados foram Glioxil-PEI, Glioxil-MANAE, DEAESephacel e Sepharose Q. Os suportes utilizados para interação covalente foram agarose ativada com brometo de cianogênio (BrCN) e Glioxil-Agarose, pH 10,5. A estabilidade apresentada com os derivados formados por ligações covalentes foi maior que aquela apresentada para os derivados formados a partir de ligações iônicas. O uso da trealose como aditivo aumentou significativamente a estabilidade de todos os derivadosThis study aimed to collect and isolate filamentous fungi from different regions of São Paulo state with potential for amylases production with desirable physical and chemical characteristics for industrial application. It was collected 19 fungi during three different expeditions. These fungi with other five microorganisms previously isolated during the Biota project were submitted to screening tests to select a good amylases producer. Aspergillus niveus was one of the best amylase producers under experimental conditions and was chosen to continue this work. The next step was to determine the best growth conditions for the amylases production. The highest levels of enzymatic synthesis were detected in Khanna medium under static conditions, initial pH 6.0, at 40°C during 72 hours. Corn, oatmeal, rice straw, corn starch, soluble starch, cassava peel, maltose, wheat bran, penetrose, amylopectin and raffinose were the best carbon sources for amylase production. Enzymatic extracts from A. niveus obtained under the optimal culture conditions, were loaded in different chromatography columns (DEAE-Fragtogel and Sephacryl S200) where three amylases were purified (a glucoamylase and two a-glucosidases, named I and II), whose molecular weights determined by SDS-PAGE corresponded to 77, 59 and 55 kDa. The isoelectric points and carbohydrate content were 3.8 and 15% for glucoamylase, 6.6 and 4% for -glucosidase I and 6.8 and 29% for -glucosidase II, respectively. The glucoamylase optimum pH was 5.0-5.5 and 6.0 for -glucosidases I and II. The optimum reaction temperatures were 65° C for all studied enzymes and all of them showed stability at 60 and 65°C. The glucoamylase presented high affinity for starch and -glucosidase I presented high affinity for starch, glycogen and maltose. The highest catalytic efficiency was observed using glycogen, starch and maltose as substrates. The -glucosidase II hydrolyzed several substrates and the kcat/Km values showed greater performance under glycogen, followed by starch, amylopectin, maltose and -NPG hydrolysis. The Circular Dichroism (CD) analyses showed that all the studied amylases were predominantly constituted by -helices in its secondary structure. The amino acid sequencing revealed similarity among the glucoamylase from A. niveus, A. terreus, A. niger, A. ficcum, A. awamori, A. kawachi and A. shirousami. Comparing the sequencing of a-glucosidases I and II from A. niveus, both showed homology with other a-glucosidases from A. fumigatus. Studies about the effect of N-glycans under enzymatic properties were done by addition of tunicamycin in the culture medium. Glucoamylase and a-glucosidase I lost significantly their substrate specificity, and a- glucosidase II lost its thermostability after the N-glycans removal. Glucoamylase and a- glucosidase II were immobilized in ionic interaction supporters and by covalent bonds. The ion exchangers supporters used were glyoxylic-PEI, glyoxylic-MANA, DEAESephacel and Sepharose Q. The supporters used for covalent interaction were agarose activated with cyanogen bromide (BRCN) and glyoxylic-Agarose, pH 10.5. The stability presented with derivatives formed by covalent bonds was higher than those reported for the derivatives formed from ionic bonds. The use of trehalose as an additive really improved the stability of all derivatives.
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Mascarin, Gabriel Moura. "Production by solid-state and liquid fermentation and formulation of virulent strains of the fungal entomopathogens Beauveria bassiana and Isaria fumosorosea against whiteflies." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-28042015-111429/.
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Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B is a cosmopolitan, devastating insect pest due to their direct damages and transmission of plant viruses. Entomopathogenic fungi comprise the most diverse group of pathogens regulating arthropod pest populations in agroecosystems. Anamorphic fungal entomopathogens, including Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea, and Lecanicillium spp., are among the main biocontrol agents of whitefly populations. Advances in research focusing on virulence, mass production, formulation, and storage stability of fungal propagules are imperative for the development of efficient mycopesticides toward whiteflies and other soft-bodied insects. Therefore, this study placed emphasis on screening for virulent fungal strains, enhancement of efficacy using nonionic surfactants in spray tank-mix, development of liquid culture conditions for rapid production and stabilization processes of single-yeast like cells known as blastospores. Firstly, we selected virulent strains of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea displaying fastest speed of kill and inciting highest mortality levels of whitefly nymphs and adults along with their ability to produce high numbers of conidia on moistened parboiled rice. Secondly, insecticidal performance was enhanced by combining nonionic surfactants with spore suspensions rendering additive or synergistic effects. These surfactants also allowed reducing the volume application rate without altering fungal bioefficacy. Results from liquid fermentation studies using B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea revealed that appropriate amounts of inexpensive ingredients, such as cottonseed flour and glucose, are suitable for the rapid production of high yields of blastospores (3 days pre-culture and 2-3 days culture). The resultant blastospores of various strains survived well to desiccation and remained viable for more than one year under refrigeration. Moreover, these air-dried blastospores of both fungal species showed higher virulence against whitefly nymphs when compared with solid-substrate produced conidia. Optimized liquid culture production for B. bassiana blastospores was also achieved through the manipulation of oxygen rates and osmotic pressure in the liquid media. Furthermore, these blastospores produced in highly aerated and hyperosmotic liquid medium containing 140 g glucose L-1 were also more virulent to whitefly nymphs than those cells derived from low-osmotic medium amended with 40 g glucose L-1. These optimal conditions were also scaled up in 5-L bioreactor that yielded 1-2 × 1012 viable blastospores L-1 in 6 days at a cost of US$ 0.19 L-1. These blastospores were formulated with diatomaceous earth for air drying or for spray drying. Formulated blastospores of B. bassiana survived dehydration using both drying methods and showed improved shelf life when stored under vacuumpackaged at 4 °C rather than 28 °C. However, when these blastospores were actively packaged with dual action oxygen-moisture scavenging system, blastospores showed prolonged stability for up to 7 months at 28 °C and still remained virulent to whiteflies. Therefore, this low-cost production and stabilization method for the rapid production of shelf stable, virulent blastospores of B. bassiana and I. fumosorosea may expand the commercial use of mycopesticides for insect control in mainstream agriculture.A mosca-branca, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biótipo B, é uma praga cosmopolita e devastadora devido aos prejuízos oriundos dos seus danos diretos e transmissão de vírus. Fungos entomopatogênicos compreendem um grupo diversificado, que desempenha ação importante na regulação de populações de praga em agroecossistemas. Fungos ascomicetos anamórficos, como Beauveria bassiana, Isaria fumosorosea e Lecanicillium spp., constituem relevantes agentes de biocontrole de moscas-brancas. Avanços na pesquisa focando virulência, produção massal, formulação e estabilização de propágulos fúngicos são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de micopesticidas eficientes contra moscas-brancas e outros insetos. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou selecionar isolados fúngicos virulentos à mosca-branca; aumentar a eficácia mediante uso de surfactants não-iônicos em suspensões conidiais; desenvolver meios de cultura para produção rápida e estável por fermentação líquida submersa de células leveduriformes conhecidas por blastosporos. Na primeira etapa, isolados virulentos de B. bassiana e I. fumosorosea foram selecionados pela rápida e elevada atividade inseticida a ninfas e adultos de mosca-branca, bem como alto rendimento de conídios em arroz parboilizado. A adição de surfactantes organosiliconados permitiu a redução do volume de calda aplicado com resultados aditivos ou sinérgicos de controle. Foi ainda verificado que altos rendimentos de blastosporos tanto de B. bassiana como I. fumosorosea foram obtidos em curto tempo de fermentação líquida (3 dias de précultivo e 2-3 dias de cultivo) usando nutrientes de baixo custo, como glucose e farelo de algodão. Esses blastosporos foram tolerantes à dessecação e mantiveram viabilidade por mais de um ano sob refrigeração (4 °C). Os blastosporos foram mais virulentos que conídios aéreos, o que coloca esta estrutura como a mais indicada como ingrediente ativo em bioinseticidas para moscas-brancas. Mediante manipulação nutricional e física do ambiente de fermentação, a produção de blastosporos de B. bassiana foi optimizada mediante aumento da aeração e pressão osmótica do meio líquido. Blastosporos produzidos em meio líquido altamente aerado e hiperosmótico (140 g glucose L-1) mostraram-se mais virulentos à mosca-branca em relação àqueles produzidos em meio hipo-osmótico (40 g glucose L-1). Esse processo foi reproduzido em escala piloto usando biorreator de 5 L resultando numa produção de 1-2 × 1012 blastosporos viáveis L-1 em apenas 3 dias a um custo de US$ 0,19 L-1. Blastosporos de B. bassiana formulados com terra de diatomáceas e secados em fluxo de ar contínuo, ou secados em spray dryer tiveram estabilidade extendida por até 8 meses a 4 °C e superior em relação a 28 °C. Durante empacotamento, o uso de sachês absorventes de oxigênio e umidade prolongou consideravelmente a viabilidade de blastosporos armazenados a 28 °C por até 7 meses sem afetar sua eficiência contra mosca-branca. Em suma, esses resultados demonstram a viabilidade técnica e econômica de produção de blastosporos virulentos de B. bassiana e I. fumosorosea, tolerantes à dessecação e estáveis durante armazenamento. Esta tecnologia é uma nova opção que pode contribuir para expansão comercial de bioinseticidas à base de fungos entomopatogênicos.
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Santos, Polyane de Sá. "Adaptações no sistema de produção do fungo entomopotogênico Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin (Ascomycota: Hypocreales)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-09082017-145110/.
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O método empregado na produção de fungos entomopatogênicos teve poucas alterações em mais de 40 anos de utilização no Brasil. A produção adotada nas biofábricas em larga escala é basicamente através da fermentação sólida em arroz com elevado uso de mão de obra e longo tempo de produção. Assim, o presente estudo consistiu em desenvolver estratégias que possam ser implementadas nas diferentes etapas do sistema de produção de Metarhizium anisopliae ESALQ1037, como adição ao arroz de materiais inertes (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, maravalha, esponja vegetal e palha de arroz) e outros substratos (milheto, flocos de arroz e sagu) para separação dos grãos de arroz e aumento da aeração, uso de blastosporos como inóculo em sistemas bifásicos tendo como substrato sólido o arroz ou mistura de farelos (trigo, milho, aveia, arroz, soja e algodão) ou suportes de crescimento e esporulação (bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, vermiculita, tecido de lã, palha de arroz e maravalha). Foi testado o uso da esterilização por fervura em substituição à autoclavagem e recuperação de conídios por extração em água como substituto ao peneiramento, além de armazenamento em condições de alta e baixa temperatura e umidade: 97%UR e 22ºC; 97%UR e 4ºC; 0%UR e 22ºC; 0%UR e 4ºC. O meio líquido M11 (a base de 45g L-1 glicose e 36g L-1 extrato de levedura) foi o mais adequado para produção de blastosporos (3,0 x 108 blastosporos/mL) e biomassa. A inoculação de blastosporos em arroz resultou em produção maior e mais rápida de conídios (4,51 x 108 conídios/g) em 7 dias de crescimento fúngico. O farelo de trigo inoculado com blastosporos produzidos em meio M11 resultou em maior produção de conídios (1,2 x 109 conídios/g) quando comparado aos farelos e arroz inoculados com suspensão de conídios (máximo de 7,8 x 108 conídios/g). O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar autoclavado seco foi o suporte que resultou em maior produção do fungo quando associado ao meio líquido. A adição ao arroz de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar umedecido, maravalha e esponja vegetal não umedecidas promoveu incremento na produção de conídios (> 3,3 x 109 conídios/g) quando comparado ao arroz somente (1,00 x 109 conídios/g). A exposição do arroz à fervura por 10 e 15 minutos resultou em produção de conídios semelhante à produção em arroz autoclavado, sem a presença de contaminantes. Farelo de trigo foi o substrato mais promissor para produção do fungo especialmente quando misturado ao farelo de arroz (1,75 x 109 conídios/g) na fermentação sólida. Conídios extraídos do arroz por peneiramento ou lavagem em água e recuperados com ou sem a adição de argilas, terra de diatomácea e caulim apresentaram viabilidade superior a 92% após armazenamento por 60 dias a 22°C e 97% UR. A 22°C e 0% UR, somente os conídios extraídos do arroz por peneiramento e os extraídos em água e recuperados com a adição de argila preta e caulim apresentaram viabilidade superior a 92% após armazenamento por 60 dias. Estratégias testadas neste estudo para produção e extração de conídios de M. anisopliae são alternativas viáveis para serem incorporadas na produção em larga escala e reduzir o tempo de fermentação e mão de obra, aumentando a eficiência de conversão de substrato em conídios.The method used in the production of entomopathogenic fungi had few changes in more than 40 years of use in Brasil. The production of large-scale biofactories is basically through solid fermentation in rice with high labor and long production time. Thus, the present study consisted in developing strategies that could be implemented in the different stages of the production system of Metarhizium anisopliae ESALQ1037, as addition to rice of inert materials (sugarcane bagasse, shavings, vegetable sponge, rice straw) and other substrates (millet, rice flakes and sago) for separation of rice grains and increased aeration, use of blastospores as inoculum in biphasic systems having as a solid substrate the rice or mixture of bran (wheat, corn, oats, rice, soybean and cotton) or growth and sporulation supports (sugarcane bagasse, vermiculite, wool, rice straw and shavings). The use of boiling sterilization to replace autoclaving and recovery of conidia by water extraction as a substitute for sieving was tested, as well as storage under high and low temperature and humidity conditions: 97% RH and 22 ºC; 97% RH and 4°C; 0% RH and 22°C; 0% RH and 4°C. The M11 liquid medium (the base of 45g L-1 glucose and 36g L-1 yeast extract) was the most suitable for the production of blastospores (3.0 x 108 blastospores / mL) and biomass. The inoculation of blastospores in rice resulted in larger and faster production of conidia (4.51 x 108 conidia / g) in 7 days of fungal growth. The wheat bran inoculated with blastospores produced in M11 medium resulted in higher conidia production (1.2 x 109 conidia / g) when compared to the bran and rice inoculated with conidial suspension (maximum of 7.8 x 108 conidia / g). The dried autoclaved sugarcane bagasse was the carrier that resulted in higher fungus production when associated with the liquid medium. The addition of moistened sugarcane bagasse and non-moistened shavings and vegetable sponges promoted increase in the production of conidia (> 3.3 x 109 conidia / g) when compared to rice only (1.0 x 109 conidia / g). Exposure of the boil rice for 10 and 15 minutes resulted in conidial production similar to the production in autoclaved rice without the presence of contaminants. Wheat bran was the most promising substrate for the fungus production especially when mixed with rice bran (1.75 x 109 conidia / g) in solid fermentation. Conidia extracted from rice by sieving or washing in water and recovered with or without the addition of clays, diatomaceous earth and kaolin showed viability higher than 92% after storage for 60 days at 22 °C and 97% RH. At 22 °C and 0% RH, only the conidia extracted from the rice by sieving and those extracted in water and recovered with the addition of black clays and kaolin had viability higher than 92% after storage for 60 days. Strategies tested in this study for the production and extraction of conidia of M. anisopliae are viable alternatives to be incorporated in the large scale production and to reduce the time of fermentation and manpower, to increasing the efficiency of conversion of substrate in conidia.
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Mizzi, Benoît. "Méthodologie générale pour la conception d'une extraction liquide-liquide réactive : application à la séparation d'un acide carboxylique issu d'un milieu fermentaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17776/1/MIZZI_Benoit.pdf.
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Le couplage fonctionnel des opérations de séparation et de réaction ainsi que les bio-procédés sont deux axes de recherche largement explorés. Cependant, l’industrie du génie des procédés a du mal à se tourner vers des technologies de ce type car il demeure un réel manque de connaissances et d’outils de conception pour ce genre de procédés. Une méthodologie de conception générale pour l'extraction liquide-liquide réactive est introduite dans cette étude. Elle est composée de trois étapes différentes: l'analyse de faisabilité, la synthèse ou dimensionnement du procédé et la validation par simulation. Cette méthodologie conduit à des paramètres structuraux et opératoires de la colonne étudiée à partir seulement des informations concernant le comportement physico-chimique du système étudié, en exploitant les équations d’équilibre chimique et entre phase ainsi que les bilans matières. Les résultats de cette méthode sont un bon point de départ pour une étude d'optimisation ou d'un processus de calcul d'investissement. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée à différentes études de cas: regroupant deux stratégies différentes d'extraction avec plusieurs solvants pour récupérer l'acide succinique dans un milieu de fermentation
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Basso, Thiago Olitta. "Melhoramento da fermentação alcoólica em Saccharomyces cerevisiae por engenharia evolutiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-14092011-153623/.
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Durante o crescimento da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae em meios contendo sacarose, a enzima invertase hidrolisa a sacarose no ambiente extracelular em glicose e frutose, as quais são posteriormente captadas pelas células por difusão facilitada. Num trabalho prévio, a localização da enzima invertase foi modificada nesta levedura, eliminando-se a forma extracelular e superexpressando-se a forma intracelular da enzima (Stambuk et al., 2009). Como resultado, a captação de sacarose por esta linhagem modificada (iSUC2) é realizada pelo co-transporte ativo com íons H+, implicando no gasto de 1 mol de ATP para cada mol de H+ extrudado pelas células para manutenção do pH intracelular. Como forma de compensar este gasto energético, espera-se que a linhagem iSUC2 desvie uma maior parte do fluxo de carbono para a geração de energia e, consequentemente, para a formação de etanol, em relação a uma linhagem selvagem. No presente trabalho, uma avaliação fisiológica quantitativa de uma linhagem com esta modificação genética foi realizada tanto em quimiostatos limitados por sacarose, como em cultivos descontínuos com sacarose como única fonte de carbono. Os dados obtidos em quimiostatos anaeróbios demonstram que na linhagem iSUC2 a enzima invertase ficou retida no ambiente intracelular e apresentou atividade absoluta total cerca de duas vezes maior que na linhagem-referência (SUC2). Além disto, verificou-se um aumento de 4% no fator de conversão de sacarose a etanol (Y ETH/S), em relação à linhagem SUC2. No entanto, como foi observado que cerca de 8 % da sacarose não foi consumida pelas células da linhagem iSUC2 durante o estado-estacionário dos quimiostatos anaeróbios, decidiu-se melhorar a capacidade do transporte ativo deste dissacarídeo nesta linhagem através de uma estratégia de engenharia evolutiva caracterizada pelo cultivo destas células em quimiostatos longos limitados por sacarose, em anaerobiose. Obteve-se assim, após cerca de 60 gerações, uma linhagem mutante (iSUC2 evoluída) com atividade de transporte de sacarose 20 vezes superior à linhagem iSUC2, sendo capaz de consumir toda a sacarose do meio de cultivo. Esta linhagem apresentou um aumento de 11% no YETH/S e uma diminuição de 27% no fator de conversão de sacarose a células (YX/S), quando comparada à linhagem-referência. A análise do transcriptoma revelou o aumento da expressão de vários genes codificadores de transportadores de hexoses, bem como genes relacionados ao metabolismo de maltose, incluindo o gene do transportador de alta-afinidade para alfa-glicosídeos AGT1, quando a linhagem iSUC2 evoluída foi comparada à linhagem iSUC2. Detectou-se que a evolução em quimiostato resultou na duplicação do gene AGT1, sem que houvesse mutação neste gene. Através da superexpressão do gene AGT1 na linhagem iSUC2, conseguiu-se gerar uma linhagem que apresentou YETH/S muito próximo ao da linhagem iSUC2 evoluída. No entanto, outros parâmetros fisiológicos, foram diferentes nestas duas linhagens, indicando que a duplicação do gene AGT1 não foi a única mutação que ocorreu durante o processo de evolução em quimiostato. Este trabalho ilustra o potencial da combinação entre engenharia metabólica e engenharia evolutiva para a obtenção de linhagens de levedura melhoradas, para aplicação na produção industrial de etanol combustível a partir de meios contendo sacarose.When growing on sucrose-containing substrates, Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretes invertase that hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose, which are subsequently assimilated by facilitated diffusion. In a previous work, the cellular location of invertase in yeast was modified, by eliminating the extracellular form of the enzyme and over-expressing the intracellular one (Stambuk et al., 2009). As a result, sucrose uptake by this modified strain (iSUC2) occurs by an active H+-sucrose symport system, in which 1 ATP needs to be used by the cells to extrude the proton co-transported. In order to compensate for this, it is expected that these cells will deviate a higher proportion of the carbon flow towards energy generation, and consequently to ethanol formation, in comparison with the wild-type phenotype (SUC2). In the present work, a quantitative physiological evaluation of the iSUC2 strain was performed in both batch and chemostat cultures. Cells from the iSUC2 strain harvested from steady-state anaerobic sucrose-limited chemostats retained all invertase intracellularly and showed a 2-fold higher total invertase activity, when compared to the SUC2 strain grown under identical conditions. Besides this, the ethanol yield on sucrose in the former cells was 4% higher than in the latter case. However, due to the high levels of residual sucrose during these cultivations with the iSUC2 strain, we attempted to improve the transport capacity in the iSUC2 strain by evolutionary engineering. After 60 generations of cultivation in an anaerobic sucrose-limited chemostat, an evolved strain was selected, which presented a 20-fold increase in the sucrose transport capacity, when compared with the parental strain (iSUC2), leading to almost no residual sucrose. During growth of this evolved strain in anaerobic sucrose-limited chemostats, the ethanol yield on sucrose was 11% higher and the biomass yield on sucrose was 27% lower, when compared with the SUC2 strain. Transcriptome analysis revealed an increase in the expression level of several hexose transporters, as well as many MAL-related genes, including the gene for the high-affinity permease AGT1. Indeed, it was verified that this gene was duplicated during the evolution experiment, but no point mutation was detected. By over-expressing the AGT1 gene in the iSUC2 strain, it was possible to attain a similar ethanol yield on sucrose, when compared to the evolved iSUC2 strain. However, several other physiological parameters were different in both strains, indicating that the AGT1 gene duplication was not the only mutation that occurred during evolution in the chemostat. To conclude, this work illustrates that the combination of metabolic and evolutionary engineering is a powerful strategy to obtain improved sucrose-fermenting yeast strains.
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Fáklya, Bernadett. "Development of an industrial process for the production of aroma molecules by biocatalysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0197.
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La 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6PAP) est un métabolite fongique spécialisé, isolé pour la première fois dans les années 1970 à partir de cultures du champignon Trichoderma viride. Outre ses nombreuses propriétés biologiques (agent antifongique, hormone de croissance et inducteur de mécanismes de défense pour les plantes, etc.), ce composé possède des propriétés organoleptiques proches de celles de la massoia lactone et de la delta-décalactone, dont il est par ailleurs un précurseur potentiel. Son agréable odeur de noix de coco nuancée de noisette et de fève tonka en fait un arôme d’intérêt, utilisé aujourd’hui comme additif dans certaines boissons et aliments. A ce jour, la 6PAP n’est cependant synthétisée à l’échelle industrielle que par voie chimique. Sa production par voie biotechnologique et biosourcée est inexistante en dépit d’importants efforts de recherche encouragés par une demande croissante des consommateurs pour les molécules d’origine naturelle. Dans ce travail de recherche, nous avons donc développé un procédé de fermentation à partir de matières premières végétales peu coûteuses, en conditions douces, avec une souche fongique du genre Trichoderma n’ayant subi aucune modification génétique. En nous appuyant dans un premier temps sur des études par plans d’expériences, nous avons finalement obtenu des concentrations de 6PAP allant jusqu'à 1 g/L, aussi bien en fioles qu’en fermenteur, par un procédé de fermentation biphasique liquide-liquide6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6PAP) is a specialized fungal metabolite first isolated in the 1970s from cultures of the fungus Trichoderma viride. In addition to its numerous biological properties (antifungal agent, phytohormone-like effect, inducer of plant defense mechanisms, etc.), it has organoleptic properties similar to those of massoia lactone and delta-decalactone, of which it is also a potential precursor. Its pleasant smell and taste of coconut, with a hint of nutty and tonka bean, makes it an aroma of interest on its own, already used as an additive in some food products and beverages. To date, 6PAP has been produced on industrial scale only by chemical synthesis. Its biotechnological production from bio-based materials is non-existent despite the extensive research efforts encouraged by a growing consumer demand for molecules of natural origin. In this work, we have therefore developed a fermentation process from inexpensive agricultural raw materials, under mild conditions, with a fungal strain of Trichoderma that has not undergone any genetic modification. Based initially on design of experiments (DOE) studies, we finally obtained up to 1 g/L of 6PAP, both in flask and in bioreactors, by a biphasic liquid-liquid fermentation process
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Christen, Pierre. "Faisabilite d'un procede a membrane liquide pour l'extraction continue de l'ethanol produit par fermentation." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0055.
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Une membrane liquide composee d'un support poreux hydrophobe impregne d'un solvant organique a ete mise au point; l'isotridecanol s'est avere etre biocompatible, impermeable aux sels et au glucose et autorise un flux d'ethanol important (35 g/h. M**(2)). Cette membrane liquide mise en oeuvre avec une phase receptrice aqueuse a permis, par l'extraction de l'ethanol inhibiteur, une detoxification significative d'un mout de fermentation en activite: amelioration de la viabilite des levures et de productivite du fermenteur d'un facteur 2,5. En outre, ce procede d'extraction a permis de mettre en evidence l'activite inhibitrice de metabolites secondaires. Une etape supplementaire de concentration en ligne de l'ethanol extrait peut etre realisee en utilisant le procede a membrane liquide avec une phase receptrice gazeuse et un piege a froid. Enfin, une modelisation mathematique des phenomenes de transfert d'ethanol a travers une membrane liquide a permis de mieux cerner les resistances au transfert et a montre l'importance de parametres lies au support (epaisseur, porosite, tortuosite, des pores) et lies au solvant (coefficient de partage et diffusivite)
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Chiciuc, Igor. "Étude des paramètres affectant le transfert d'oxygène dans les vins." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14163/document.
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La micro-oxygénation des vins, par la dispersion de bulles d’oxygène, est une pratique de plus en plus utilisée dans le domaine de l’œnologie. Cette technique n’est pas toujours convenablement maitrisée par manque de connaissances scientifiques sur les paramètres régissant le transfert de l’oxygène. La recherche s'est focalisée sur l'étude des coefficients de transfert en fonction des composés du vin (CO2, éthanol, sucrose, consommateurs d’oxygène) et des conditions opératoires (type de diffuseur, température, rapport entre hauteur et diamètre du contenant de liquide). Les résultats montrent que lors de la micro-oxygénation, le dioxyde de carbone dissous et le sucrose ont une incidence négative sur le transfert alors que la présence d’éthanol améliore le transfert. En ce qui concerne les conditions opératoires, l’augmentation de débit de gaz et l’augmentation de rapport entre la hauteur et le diamètre de la cuve de micro-oxygénation joue positivement sur le transfert d’oxygène La surface spécifique des bulles et le coefficient de transfert de matière ont pu être dissociés pour les vins. La nature tensio-active des composés du vin semble être un élément important sur le transfert de matière. Les connaissances acquises ont été appliquées à la micro-oxygénation au cours de deux étapes de l'élaboration des vins : la fermentation alcoolique avec la maitrise de l’apport d’oxygène et la simulation de la technique d’élevage en barrique par micro-oxygénation couplée à l’ajout de copeaux de bois. Une nouvelle approche concerne l'étude d'un contacteur membranaire qui permet le transfert d’oxygène par diffusionMicro-oxygenation of the wines, by the dispersion of oxygen bubbles, is a practice increasingly used in oenology. This technique is not always suitably controlled for lack of scientific knowledge on the parameters governing the transfer of oxygen. Research was focused on the study of transfer coefficients in function of wine components (CO2, ethanol, sucrose, consuming oxygen) and of operating conditions (type of diffuser, temperature, relationship between height and diameter of the container of liquid). The results show that during micro-oxygenation, the dissolved carbon dioxide and the sucrose have a negative incidence on the transfer whereas the presence of ethanol improves the transfer. As operating conditions are concerned, the increase in gas output and the increase in micro-oxygenation tank height/diameter ratio positively influence oxygen transfer. For wines, the specific surface of the bubbles and the mass transfer coefficient could be dissociated. The surfactant nature of wine components seems to be the most important factor in mass transfer. The knowledge so acquired was applied to micro-oxygenation during two stages of wine making: alcoholic fermentation with the oxygen yield control and the simulation of ageing technique in barrels coupled with the wood chips addition. A new approach relates to the study of a membrane contactor application allowing the oxygen transfer by diffusion
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Wu, Wei-Cheng, and 吳偉丞. "Application of Henry’s Law on Liquid Fermentation." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98539384836647373338.
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碩士朝陽科技大學
應用化學系生化科技碩博士班
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Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important factor in microbial fermentation. In liquid (or submerged) fermentation, only molecular oxygen (O2) can be utilized by microorganisms. According to Henry’s Law, the molecular volumetric oxygen concentration in the aqueous phase is proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen in the gas phase, and the proportional constant is termed the Henry’s constant. This research studied the pattern of variation of the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) according to various operational conditions. Major operation parameters are sugar concentration, pressure and air flow rate. Dynamics of oxygen dissolution were observed on DO vs time profiles. The results can be applied on submerged fermentation to improve DO and biomass conversion efficiencies. Glucose of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, under various aeration pressure (0, 2, 4, 5, 6 psi) were investigated to observe equilibrium DO, the time required to reach saturation, as well as their influences on KLa. Results showed that under the same aeration pressure, DO decreased with increasing sugar concentration. The time required to reach equilibrium was longer at higher sugar concentration. Accordingly the Henry’s constant decreased with increasing sugar concentration. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) was affected by solute, temperature, pressure and bubble size. These results can be applied on submerged fermentation to improve DO and biomass conversion efficiencies.
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Peng, Yu Jui, and 彭于瑞. "Utilization of distiller's grains from liquid state sorghum fermentation." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74298791513184312617.
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LI, MING-JIA, and 李明嘉. "Utilization of thin stillage from liquid state sorghum fermentation." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51414962585134784365.
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Chen, Yi-Shan, and 鄭怡姍. "The Fermentation of Low-Starch Yam Liquid with Lactic Cultures." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59101064601580993032.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品科學系
89
The tuber of yam is an abundant supply of amino acids, proteins, mucin, vitamins and mineral elements. It is a good source for human nutrition. The starch content is special rich in the tuber. However it is difficult to isolate yam starch from yam tuber because the present of the viscous mucin is a carbohydrate moiety firmly associated with protein (glycoprotein). This study is trying to modify yam tuber extract by adding enzymes and chemicals during preparation procedure to decrease the viscosity of the mucin for further yam starch isolation and its liquid separation so as to increase their recovery. Besides, the lactic acid bacteria are inoculated into the yam liquid to reduce its pH and in order to recover yam starch alone from its liquid. After the separate yam liquid being sterilized, the lactic acid bacteria are inoculated twice for secondary fermentation. Another objective of this investigation was to study whether yam liquid can be a good substrate for lactic acid bacteria with or without adding fructooligosaccharides. The characteristics of the low-starch fermentative yam liquid were examined including pH, titratable acidity, total sugar, microbiological analysis, flavor analysis, and storage analysis. Results showed that better recovery of yam starch can be obtained by adding enzymes (Pectinex® Ultra SP-L, and Viscozyme® L) or acids to adjust pH to 3 or 4. In comparison with the original isolation method, the yam starch recovery rate increased about 125~172%. By inoculating 8% S. thermophilus to 25% yam substrate at 37℃ for 12 hours (the pH can drop to 3.75), the recovery of yam starch is increased but not as good as directly adjusting its pH to 3 or 4 by adding acid. With the addition 5% fructooligosaccharides to low-starch yam liquid, the lactic acid bacteria produced more acids. The lactic acid bacteria also grew well when 7.5% fructooligosaccharides was added. This result showed that fructooligosaccharides were good for the lactic acid bacteria growth. The fermentative (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophlius) mixed cultures generated a better flavor than their individual cultures alone. Results for taste preference and storage analysis showed that with the addition of 7.5% fructooligosaccharides, the fermentative low-starch yam liquid remove its original bitter taste, and high lactic acid bacteria counts lasted after 8 days storage at 4℃.
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Yang, Ya-ping, and 楊雅萍. "Study on the optimal liquid fermentation condition of Xylaria nigripes." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85866735783358011690.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大仁科技大學
生物科技研究所
96
Xylaria nigripes (Koltz.) Sacc., also known as Wu Ling Shen, is a high value medicinal fungus of family Xylariaceae. According to the traditional Chinese pharmacopoeia, it possesses the properties of diuretic, invigorating kidney and enhancing immune function, as well as improving insomnia, woman menstrual cycle and bleeding after giving birth. In order to develop the Xylaria nigripes industry, it is important to understand the conditions and technique for its large scale production. The present study aimed to examine the mycelial growth rate and production of three different Xylaria nigripes (XN-1, XN-2 and XN-3) isolates using liquid fermentation. In addition, their polysaccharides content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were also evaluated. Results showed that under the basic medium comprising K2HPO4、KH2PO4、MgSO4 • 7H2O 0.05%, the optimal cultured condition for XN-1 was glucose 2.5%, yeast extract 0.5 %, 30℃, shaking speed 250rpm, pH 8.0 in 7 days, of with the mycelium weight and polysaccharide content were 12.2±0.01g/L and 10.17±0.09% respectively. For XN-2, the best condition was fructose 2.5%, peptone 0.3%, 26℃, shaking rate 150 rpm, pH 7.0 in 8 days, with the mycelial weight and polysaccharide content 10.9±0.01 g/L and 10.22±0.06%, respectively. For XN-3, the optimal condition was corn powder 5%, soya bean powder 0.5%, 22℃, shaking rate 200rpm, pH 6.0 in 8 days, with the mycelial weight and polysaccharide content 11.3±0.01 g/L and 9.94±0.10%, respectively. Under this optimal condition , XN-1, XN-2 and XN-3 exhibitd a better mycelial growth and polysaccharide production than PDB. Extracts of these mycelium also showed a better DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of PDB culture. Take together, these results conclude that the growth rate and polysaccharide production of XN can be improved by optimizing the condition of liquid fermentation, which can also enhance the DPPH radical scavenging activity.
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I, HUANG CHING, and 黃靜宜. "Effects of Adding Volatile Fatty Acids during Liquid Fermentation on the Flavor and Quality of Liquid Distilled Sorghum Spirits." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16503325941390954579.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系碩士在職專班
93
ABSTRACT This thesis can be divided into four parts. In the first part of this thesis, six different amount (i.e., 0.0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 mL) of 5 % hexanoic acid were added into the first time fermented Sorghum rice to study the effect of hexanoic acid on the yield, quality, and flavor of the Sorghum spirits. The best amount for the addition of hexanoic acid was also studied. The yield of the spirit was found to be higher with hexanoic acid added than those of spirits without hexanoic acid added to the Sorghum rice. The spirit made from the fermented Sorghum rice with 0.4 mL 5 % hexanoic acid added was found to be more accepted. And the Sorghum rice with 0.4 mL 5 % hexanoic acid added had faster fermentation rate. In the second part of this thesis, volatile compounds in the Sorghum spirits made from the fermented Sorghum rice with different amount of hexanoic acid added were compared. A significant amount of hexanoic acid and its ethyl ester were found in the spirits made from the fermented Sorghum rice with hexanoic acid added. The proper amount or composition of hexanoic acid and ethyl hexanoate in the spirits may contribute to the well acceptance of the Sorghum spirits. In the third part of this thesis, several volatile acids (i.e., acetic acid, butyric acid, and pentanoic acid) were mixed with hexanoic acid to made different complex acid combinations. These complex acids were added into the first time fermented Sorghum rice to study the effect of these acids on the yield, quality, and flavor of the Sorghum spirits. The yields of all the Sorghum spirits made from the fermented Sorghum rice with different complex acids added had not significant difference in the yield. The Sorghum spirits with 0.4 mL of the acid complex composed of 0.5 % hexanoic acid, 0.2 % butyric acid, and 0.2 % pentanoic acid added into the first time fermented Sorghum rice had the highest overall preference. In the fourth part of this thesis, volatile compounds in the Sorghum spirits made from the fermented Sorghum rice with different complex acids added were compared. A significant amount of typical acid and its ethyl ester were found in the spirits made from the fermented Sorghum rice with the relate specific acid added. The proper amount or composition of hexanoic acid and ethyl hexanoate may contribute to the well acceptance of the Sorghum spirits. The Sorghum spirits with 0.4 mL of the acid complex composed of 0.5 % hexanoic acid, 0.2 % butyric acid, and 0.2 % pentanoic acid added into the first time fermented Sorghum rice contained lower amount of isoamyl alcohol and higher amount of ethyl acetate, ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl linoleate, methyl oleate, butyric acid, pentanoic acid, hexanoic acid, and palmitic acid. Key words: sorghum spirit, liquid state fermentation, liquid state distillation, GC-MSD, hexanoic acid, complex acids.
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chen, Chao pei, and 趙珮岑. "Study on the Bioactivities of Tremella flava by Liquid Culture Fermentation." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07967853392606885732.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南台科技大學
生物科技系
92
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is aimed to explore the bioactivities of Tremella flava by liquid culture fermentation, to increase the productivity of the polysaccharides by bioreactor, and to analyze the structure of polysaccharide by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. In the study of growth condition, the optimal initial pH was 7.0 at 22~26℃, and the carbon source was glucose, while nitrogen source was yeast extract. When the ratio of carbon source and nitrogen source was designed to 3:1, the productivity of the polysaccharides was up to 0.0065g/ml in 100/250 ml flask. Moreover, the polysaccharides produced in 5L fermentor increased to be 0.033g/ml by feed bath condition with glucose. The same condition used in 100L fermentor, the polysaccharides were harvested up to 0.04g/ml and were dried for further diets sources of animal test. In the experiment of animal test, the high serum cholesterol and sugar of male ICR mice were fed diets containing 1%, 3%, and 10% doses of fermented and dried T. flava polysaccharides and basidiocarps of T. fuciformis for four weeks. After four weeks of polysaccharides diet consumption, the concentration of total cholesterol in mice was significantly decreased. The result proved that both of Tremella polysaccharides could be help of decreasing the serum cholesterol, sugar, and triglyceride of male ICR mice. Polysaccharides of T. flava extracted by hot water was separated by using size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), and which showed a molecular weight higher than 1.41x106 Da. The data of gas liquid chromatography showed the mole ration of glucose: mannose: xylose: arabinose was 1:1.824:0.374:0.176 by liquid culture fermentation of T. flava as well as 1:2.051:1.878:0.449 by basidiocarps of T. fuciformis. The profile of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed that water polysaccharides of cells contained OH, C-H, C=H, C=C, C-O, -CH-O-CH-, differing from that of fermented liquid which did not contained C-H and C=O groups.
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賴鍵賢. "Herbicidal activity of the fermentation liquid Streptomyces isolate S4、S7、S9." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40886856327664483809.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立嘉義大學
農藝學系研究所
101
Abstract Weeds are often the major harassment when it comes to a farming production management. Chemical-herbicides are the main management tool for the weed control. However, the serious impact to the environment and the drug resistance problems are gradually appears. To maintain the safety for human-beings and animals, as well as farming ecosystem, it is an important issue to develop bioherbicides. In this study, surface soil were collected from Kaohsiung, Taichung, Chiayi and Nantou city in Taiwan and screened for herbicidal activities of Streptomyces .Thirty-six isolates of Streptomyces sp. Were identified based on16S-rDNA gene (the length approximately 1.500bp). The Streptomyces were cultured in solid state and subsequently in ISPI liquid state for 7 days. Detached leaves of Bidens pilosa L.var.radiata Sch. were used for initial herbicidal activities of the fermentation liquid. It was found that 8 Streptomyces sp., damaged the leaves. Forty-eight hours fermentation liquid of isolates S4, S7 and S9 induced complete browning of the detached leaves of Bidens pilosa L. var. radiata Sch. Further test with these fermentation liquid resulted in 100% inhibition of seed germination of Bidens pilosa L.var. radiata Sch. Fermentation conditions were evaluated for three promising isolates S4, S7 and S9. Best result was obtained with ISP4 solid culture medium and 28 Celsius temperature at under dark culture. With 16 g L-1 IPS1 culture medium (pH7), 1% (v/v) bacterial strain inoculation, at 28 Celsius; in dark room develop for 4-6 days, the fermentation liquid was capable of induced complete browning of detached leaves of Bidens pilosa L. var .radiata Sch..Six spreaders were evaluated for enhancing post-emergence herbicidal activities of fermentation liquid. SILWET-L77 2%, resulted in more than 90% seedling damage of Bidens pilosa L. var .radiata Sch. Effect on Eleusin indica (L) Gareth were 30-40%. The Streptomyces isolate S4 produced the best result in tests of fermentation liquid against 6 monocot and 10 dicot weeds , Isolate S4 induced 85-100% injury on 6 broad leaved weeds and 86% control of Eleusin indica (L) Gareth . Injury of isolate S4 on other grass weeds was lower than 30%. Fermentation liquid of S4, S7 and S9 were tested for pre-emergence application. These liquid inhibited emergence of both monocotyledonous and dicot weeds but had no effect for that of Glycine max and Cucumis sativus L. Soil composition was the main factor determining the effect of pre-emergence application. Tests on fermentation liquid ofS4, S7, and S9 showed that S4 was the best and more suitable for post-emergence spray. It was more active on broad leaved weeds, and showed the potential for used on Glycine max , Cucumis sativus L. and golf lawn. It might also be used at early. post-emergence stage after soil preparation to effectively control weed seedlings, and thus assist the weeds management of organic farming. keyword: Streptomyces sp.、Bioherbicides.、Herbicidal activities、Ferment liquid.
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Chang, Tsung-Min, and 張淙閔. "Antioxidant activity of Monascus-fermented dehulled adlay by liquid-state fermentation." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/login?o=dnclcdr&s=id=%22107NCHU5541014%22.&searchmode=basic.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
獸醫學系暨研究所
107
Excessive oxidation in the human body increases the risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease、cancer . With the advancement of technology in the times, people are paying more and more attention to health and health, and the demand for various types of healthy foods is gradually increasing. The use of Monascus and adlay as Chinese herbal medicine、food、wine has been used for centuries in history, and it has been pointed out in past studies that both Monascus and dehulled adlay have antioxidant properties. Can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study is to use the dehulled adlay as a substrate for fermentation, and to ferment it with Monascus species, in liquid medium with different concentrations of glucose and dehulled adlay. The contents of total phenolics, scavenged free radicals and the formation of Monascus pigments in the broth after filtration at the end of liquid fermentation were investigated under different conditions. The results showed that the growth of Monascus was good in the liquid medium of different concentrations of glucose and dehulled adlay, indicating that the combination of Monascus and dehulled adlay was successful under the conditions of liquid fermentation at 30 ℃ and 100 rpm. In the group of 10% glucose and 0.5% dehulled adlay, the Monascus has the largest total phenolic content (10.25 ± 0.32 μg / ml); in the group of 10% glucose added different dehulled adlay concentration the free radical scavenging rate was significantly higher than the other groups (1%、5% glucose), and the highest free radical scavenging rate (66.10±2.02%) in the group with 10% glucose and 5.0% dehulled adlay concentration; In the Monascus pigments, the absorbance of the yellow pigment and the red pigment in the 1% glucose plus different dehulled adlay concentration was significantly higher than the other groups (1%, 5% glucose), and the yellow pigment and red pigment the highest absorbance value in the group of 1% glucose plus 5.0% dehulled adlay concentration.. The above results show that the Monascus dehulled adlay (MDA) are fermented under liquid conditions, and the lysate is capable of containing total phenolics and good free radical scavenging ability, and can normally produce Monascus pigment. It is believed that the MDA has the potential to develop into a healthy food under the condition of liquidation in the future.
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Du, Yi-Chen, and 杜怡真. "Rapid Determination of Surfactin in Microbial Fermentation Broths using Salt-Assisted Homogeneous Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Technique combined with HPLC-UV." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14151499896067052723.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
化學系所
100
In this study, a simple, rapid and efficient sample pretreatment method has been developed, termed new in-tube salt-assisted homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (SHLLME) followed by high performance liquid chromatography/ultra-violet detection (HPLC/UV) for the determination of surfactin in microbial fermentation broths of bacterium bacillius subtilis CWS1. Surfactin is one of a biosurfactant and it has the potential to replace synthetic chemical surfactant in the near future because of its high surface activity, biodegradability and environmental-friendly nature. In order to characterize the amount of surfactin for the microbial monitoring of fermentation production process, we have demonstrated a new method to analyze surfactin using a home-made extraction device. In this method, an extractant (water-miscible organic solvents) and salt were added to broth sample in an extraction tube. Then the device was sealed with plunger cork and taken for stirring and centrifugation processes. After that, the amount of separated extractant was measured using self-scaled glass capillary tube which was in-printed in the extraction device. Then the collected extractant was injected directly into HPLC-UV for analysis. Parameters influencing the extraction efficiency of SHLLE-HPLC/UV, such as the extraction solvent, solvent volume, pH, and salt-addition were thoroughly investigated and optimized. Under the selected experimental conditions, surfactin was extracted from 5 mL broth sample (at pH 2) by the addition of 300 μL acetonitrile (extractant) and 4 g ammonium sulfate, and followed by stirring for 5 min, and then centrifugation for 1 min at 3200 rpm, yields the maximum extraction efficiency. The proposed method provides a simple, rapid, inexpensive, eco-friendly and less matrix interferences process for the determination surfactin in microbial fermentation broth samples.
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Song, Ming-jyun, and 宋明駿. "Study on cellulose production from four strains of Aspergillus sp. in liquid state fermentation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31456188041739924488.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大同大學
生物工程學系(所)
102
The production of cellulose degrading enzymes by cultivation of Trichoderma reesei RUT C30, Botrytis cinerea BCRC 33112, Cordyceps militarisATCC 34164, Aspergillus niger BCRC 32720 was studied. Wheat bran suspension supplemented with α-cellulose hydrolyzate and yeast extract or peptone was used as cultivation medium. It was found that FPU(Filter Paper Assay), β-glucosdase and CMCase activities by Asp. niger 32720 were enhanced in the range of 28~35 % for the medium using wheat bran supplemented with 1 % α-cellulose hydrolyzate. α-Cellulose hydrolyzate performs as an inducer. Wheat bran (10 %) supplemented with 0.5 % peptone and 1 % α-cellulose hydrolyzate in the medium was used to cultivate the 4 fungi to produce cellulase. The cultivation with B. cinerea BCRC 33112 gave the most activity of FPU (0.68 Unit/ml), β-glucosidase (0.65 Unit/ml), CMCase (0.58 Unit/ml). Trichoderma reesei RUT C30 gave the lowest activity among the four strains. The experiment was duplicated by replacing 0.5 % peptone to 0.5 % yeast extract. B. cinerea BCRC 33112 again gave the most activity of FPU (0.78 Unit/ml), β-glucosidase (0.7 Unit/ml), CMCase (0.75 Unit/ml). Asp. niger BCRC 32720 ran the second most activity.
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Hsu, Lin-Min, and 許鈴敏. "Development of novel sorghum spirits from raw and cooked sorghum by liquid-state fermentation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11113720803638270846.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系
95
Abstract Sorghum spirit has always been the most representative distilled spirit in China, and it wins its international reputation for its unique flavor. However, due to the differences in the place of production, materials, yeast manufacturing and brewing techniques, sorghum spirit produced in different places has diverse flavors and therefore, the quality of it differs from place to place. In this research, liquid-state fermentation of different commercial koji, enzyme, yeast and raw and cooked sorghum grain was conducted to analyze the changes of mash components during fermentation and the changes of general components of sorghum spirit. Identification of volatile flavor components was also conducted to probe into the difference in aroma caused by different commercial koji in the raw and cooked sorghum spirit and that of TTL’s sorghum spirit of secondary distillation. In addition, there were also sensory evaluation panels to test and analyze the aroma and taste in order to have a further understanding of the consumers’ acceptance and favor of different test spirit produced in different brewing processes with different commercial koji and materials, in an attempt to provide small and medium sized wineries with integrated information on featured sorghum spirit. The results of the experiment are as follows. The production speed of ethanol from raw sorghum is very fast, and its fermentation process focuses on the first 8 days, yet cooked sorghum starch has higher ethanol producing rate at the end of fermentation. Different commercial koji or yeast enzyme combination caused different fermentation rate and ethanol producing rate in raw and cooked sorghum. Among them, Gluczyme AF6 and Bo-shin yeast are best used in raw sorghum. The general components in finished spirit do not change whether there is a degree of α-gelatilization in different material starch. Moreover, cooked sorghum has better production yield. The organic acid and alcohols of sorghum spirit produced through liquid-state fermentation are with more aroma than TTL’s. The ratio of easter differs with different koji and materials. Among them, cooked sorghum with Masahisa koji has the highest ratio of ester compounds. Ethyl lactate, ethyl butyrate and 4-ethyl guaiacol were considered as indexes of aroma when distinguishing sorghum spirit produced through liquid-state fermentation and solid-state fermentation. However, in this experiment, there were abundant of these compounds in liquid fermented spirit. Trace hexanoic acid and ethyl caproate were found in the spirit made from raw sorghum. This indicates that the formation of aroma components of various flavor liquor has not so highly related with the fermentation process but with the koji and yeast used as well as whether there is a degree of α-gelatilization in the materials or not. In this research, consumers’ sensory evaluation for their favor of sorghum spirit was also discussed. As a result, the spirit made from cooked sorghum with Masahisa koji won the best evaluation.
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Huang, Yuh-Ting, and 黃郁婷. "Effects of Agaricus blazei and its liquid fermentation product on plasma glucose in rats." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25065897693430106782.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
95
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a major global health problem. Recent research finding have demonstrated that there is a strong association among metabolic syndrome, DM and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and obesity. Therefore, prevention of metabolic syndrome is an important public health issune in many countries. Agaricus blazei has been shown to possess many beneficial health effects, including antitumor activity, antioxidation, immune enhancement and liver protection. But little is known about its antidiabetic activity. The prime cost of cultivating A.blazei is high and the yield is low with unstable quality. Therefore, using submerged fermentation technology to produce A. Blazei has been considered to be a method worth developing. Its health protection effect, however, needs to be confirmed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of A. Blazei and its liquid fermentation product on plasma glucose in rats. The study contains two parts, the acute and the long term experiments. At the first stage of the acute experiment, we used hot water extracts of A. Blazei (AB-hw) and its liquid fermentation product (ABFP-hw) in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to normal rats, metabolic syndrome rats and diabetic rats in order to evaluate the hypoglycemic effects of these two kinds of hot water extracts and find out the more effective one and its dose. At the second stage, the hypoglycemic effect of the chosen one was compared with guar gum which was designed as the positive control group. In the long term experiment, we investigated the effect of the fruiting body of A. Blazei and its liquid fermentation product on the symptoms of metabolic syndrome in rats which were induced by high fructose diet. Results of the acute experiment showed that plasma glucose levels of the normal Sprague-Dawley rats administered 0.56 g/kg BW of ABFP-hw were lower than the control group after 30 minutes of glucose ingestion (p<0.05) but were higher than the control group after 120 minutes (p<0.01). This indicated that ABFP-hw could effectively delay the rise of plasma glucose. In metabolic syndrome rats and diabetic rats, 0.28 g/kg BW ABFP-hw administration significantly reduced plasma glucose after 90 minutes (p<0.05) and 30 minutes (p<0.05) of glucose ingestion. On the other hand, AB-hw had no effect on plasma glucose changes of OGTT for all these animal models. Therefore, we chose ABFP-hw for further study. In the second stage, ABFP-hw was found again to have hypoglycemic effect which was similar to the effect of gaur gum. Both of them could delay the elevation of plasma glucose on OGTT. In the long term experiment, we found that rats fed with 10% A.Blazei could ameliorate the hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by high fructose diet. A.Blazei added at 10% level in the deit could also reduce plasma glucose, increase insulin sensitivity in the OGTT test and decrease the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and TBARS in rat liver. These results indicated that A.Blazei could ameliorate the metabolic syndrome. Liquid fermentation product of A.blazei (ABFP) added at 5% level in the deit also had effects on ameliorating hypertriglyceridemia and hypertention and could also decrease the accumulation of liver triglyceride and total cholesterol. Comparing with the fruiting bodies of A.blazei, the liquid fermentation product had less efficacy in reducing plasma glucose and increasing insulin sensitivity on OGTT.
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Wang, Bo-Siang, and 王柏翔. "Development of hydroponic nutrient solution through liquid fermentation of biological materials by Trichoderma reesei." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6sr2xp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
生物科技系碩士班
104
Taiwan is located in the subtropics, where agriculture is well developed. Modern agriculture requires not only the high productivity of crops but also processes that are healthy and environmentally friendly. The requirements of chemical fertilizers have been raised drastically because of severe environmental pollution and harm to human health. Agricultural and livestock wastes are valuable biological materials for utilizing plant nutrients that must be fermented by soil microorganisms for improved soil fertility in agricultural applications. For microbial fermentation, the conversion of compositions into plant nutrients, and crop production, the selection of appropriate biological materials depends on the crop. In this study, soybean meal, oil palm ash, fish bone meal, seaweed powder, and molasses were fermented by Trichoderma reesei, for 21 days by using a liquid system. During the fermentation period, the pH, electric conductivity, and plant nutrients changes were monitored to obtain optimal components for preparing a hydroponic nutrient solution to be applied to a leaf and fruit vegetables culture. Therefore, using liquid fermentation to convert biological materials to a hydroponic culture is a suitable approach to reducing agricultural waste and environmental stress.
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Miles, Jonathan. "Effect of a natural fermentation liquid supplement on health performance carcass characteristics and rumen fermentation dynamics in beef feedlot cattle." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50700.
Full textAbstract:
As feed costs continue to rise, new technologies that will improve feed efficiency in a safe and
consistent manner will become more critical for beef cattle production. With this in mind, two
experiments were conducted. Experiment 1, a randomized complete block design study utilizing 144
Bonsmara-type steers (233 ± 0.8 kg BW) was conducted to examine the effect of a liquid
Lactobacillus fermentation prototype (LFP; Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA) on performance of feedlot
cattle. The 134 day study was conducted on a commercial beef research facility in South Africa. Upon
arrival, cattle were processed and allocated to a free-range pasture for 8 d. On d 9, cattle were further
processed and then blocked by arrival body weight and randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments with
8 pens per treatment and 6 steers per pen. Dietary treatments included a control diet that contained 0,
5, or 10 g LFP per head daily. Treatments were provided a in starter (d 9 to 29), grower (d 30 to 43)
and finisher diet (d 44 to 134). The cattle were then slaughtered and carcasses data obtained.
Experiment 2, a 3x3 Latin Square design conducted with three Beefmaster steers (700kg ±20kg) fitted
with ruminal cannulae to establish a possible mode of action of the LFP supplement. Rumen
fermentation parameters namely VFA concentration, rumen NH3-N, ruminal pH, lactic acid
concentration and NDF disappearance were measured. In experiment 1 no differences were detected
(P > 0.05) among treatments for BW gain, ADG, DMI or any of the carcass traits that were measured.
Overall, (d 9 to 134), FCR was improved (P = 0.03) for 5 g LFP supplemented steers compared with
those receiving 0 or 10 g LFP (4.70 vs. 4.82, 4.86). No differences in FCR, however, were reported,
between treatment groups, in each individual feeding phase. Results from experiment 1 suggest that
LFP does improve feed efficiency of beef cattle fed a typical South African feedlot diet and that the
effect was dose dependent. Results from experiment 2 showed no differences in any of the rumen
fermentation parameters that we measured. Further research on the mode of action of LFP is
warranted.Dissertation (MScAgric)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
tm2015
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
MScAgric
Unrestricted
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Lin, Zih-Cyun, and 林子群. "Liquid Fermentation Technology Combined With γ-Irradiation Technology to Improve Functional Ingredients of Cordyceps militaris." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34qj4u.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
保健營養生技學系
102
Gamma ray is usually applied to the sterilization of the products of edible and medicinal mushrooms, in order to known the quality of γ-irradiated medicinal mushrooms. Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link always hears traditional Chinese medicine, has the various biological activities, such as enhancing immune function, lowering blood glucose and anti-tumor activity. For different radiation doses and organic solvents, ergosterol was dissolved in n-hexane, acetone, methanol or ethanol, irradiated with gamma rays at 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 30 kGy and analysis of ergosterol is converted to vitamin D2. The results show that the better effect conversion of ergosterol dissolved in methanol and ethanol, and had no significant conversion in hexane and acetone. Physiological activity as well as the correlation of the irradiation dose, C. militaris of whole submerged culture, homogenised submerged culture and mycelium was gamma irradiated 5, 10, 15, 20 kGy of its methanolic extracts. Vitamin D2 contents of the C. militaris whole submerged culture, homogenised submerged culture and mycelium are increased with increasing irradiation dose. After 20 kGy irradiation, vitamin D2 contents of the C. militaris whole submerged culture, homogenised submerged culture and mycelium were 6.45, 9.94, 46.25 μg/g, respectively. Summarily, edible and medicinal mushroom products to maintain quality and extend the storage time while the use of γ - irradiation, can enhance the content of the functional components. Physiological analysis of the results shows that in four different solvents dissolve effect to methanol and ethanol,the extraction were better than hexane and acetone. Analyzed by HPLC after irradiated ergosterol efficiency standards found that convert vitamin D2 are poor, but there are other photochemical formation of the unknown, and the higher the dose conversion efficiency is higher. For C. militaris whole submerged culture, homogenised submerged culture and mycelium, after radiation treatment comparison, works best in whole submerged culture of vitamin D2, and generally in doses of 20 kGy conversion works best. Less differences in addition to the content of mycelium of cordyceps, whole submerged culture and homogenised submerged culture were downward trend. Radiation dose of 0 to 20 kGy in WSC, HSC and M,the contents of cordyceps were 1.51 - 1.12, 1.72-1.54 and 2.57-2.47 mg/g respectively. The contents of adenosine in M is the lowest, and small differences between different doses, in WSC is with higher doses and lowered from 2.46 to 1.61 mg/g, in HSC has between 1.33 to 1.36 mg/g. Overall, the polysaccharide content at the highest dose of 20 kGy and based on WSC has increased 56.89 mg/g. Analysis of reducing sugar in the WSC, HSC and mycelium, after exposure of content fluctuation trend, reach top at 10 kGy has 18.74, 25.40 and 15.06 mg/g, respectively. γ – irradiation on the HSC such as flavones and total phenol content has a tendency to increase, 0.35-0.47 μg/g and 18.71-22.04 mg/g respectively, WSC in the 10 kGy has significantly minimizes 0.67 mg/g, the M has achieved the highest level of 0.88 mg/g at 10 kGy. On anti-oxidation nature aspects, WSC in 10 and 15 kGy has the best result in scavenging ability on DPPH and chelating ability, but reducing power in not exposure is best. HSC has the best result in scavenging ability on DPPH and chelating ability at non-irradiation, reducing power at 10 kGy the best. Three items anti-oxidation capacity on M were each in 15 kGy the best. With regard to contents of taste component, WSC, HSC and mycelium after exposure to nature in four flavor difference is not significant. 5'- nucleotide on WSC and M at non-irradiation has the highest level, respectively 3.18 and 2.35 mg/g, HSC of 5'- nucleotides affected exposure dose not increase.
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Hsu, Chun-Ya, and 許純雅. "Development of Cordyceps militaris soymilk using the liquid fermentation technique to enhance the biological activity." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14274828029630367584.
Full textAbstract:
碩士亞洲大學
保健營養生技學系碩士班
99
Cordyceps is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. Owing to not easy to cultivate and other natural factors lead to instability in output; therefore, Cordyceps (Cordyceps militaris) cultivated through the formation of fruiting bodies. Cordyceps has been known to have many benefits for health. This study uses two strains of Cordyceps militaris (HS-1 and SO-1) to be inoculated into soymilk by submerged culture. Analyses of dry weight of mycelium, pH value of fermentation broth, and reducing sugar contents were conducted during the cultivation periods (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days). Furthermore, analyzes were carried out on the change of Cordyceps militaris fermented soymilk functional components and antioxidant properties. The results showed that C.militaris HS-1 mycelium dry weight reached the highest amount (3.09g/100mL) on the fourth day of culture, whereas, C.militaris SO-1 dry weight of mycelium reached the highest amount (3.13g/100mL) on the sixth day of culture. Methionine amino acid content has increased along with C.militaris HS-1 and SO-1 incubation period. 8 day fermentation of C.militaris HS-1, produced the highest protein content (53.32 g/100 g), whereas, C.militaris SO-1 produced the highest protein content (46.93 g/100 g) in 8 day fermentation. Scavenging ability to DPPH, two-day fermentation of C.militaris HS-1 resulted low scavenging ability; C.militaris SO-1 showed high scavenging ability to the DPPH in four-day fermentation than unfermented soy milk. C.militaris HS-1 inoculated-soymilk has an ability to chelating ferrous when the concentration is 1mg/mL in 6, 8, and 10 days of fermentation (36.25%, 30.53%, and 29.03%), better than unfermented soy milk (27.87%). The same ability is also shown by C.militaris SO-1 inoculated-soymilk. C.militaris HS-1 and SO-1 during the fermentation produced more ergothioneine and Increasing the isoflavone components. C.militaris SO-1 and HS-1 vaccination of soy isoflavone aglycone forms were in training the 2 day (193.88 μg/g) and six days (170.60μg/g) content, and the glucoside of the different flavonoids (Daidzin and Genistin) content was gradually reduced. C.militaris SO-1 and HS-1 cordycepin content with the increase in the number of days fermentation, cordycepin content along with an upgrade. Based on the data, it can be concluded that fermenting soymilk using Cordyceps militaris, can improve the functional components of soymilk, antioxidant properties, nutritional value, and also improve the health. This research can be a refferences to develop high nutritional soybean milk products. Keywords：Cordyceps militaris, liquid fermentation, soymilk, antioxidant properties
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Su, I. Ping, and 蘇儀苹. "The effect of a liquid fermentation products of Agricus blazei Murill on antifatigue in mice." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75872823781409827883.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
生物機電工程系所
96
Life styles nowadays are often making people live with high speed and work under enormous pressure; aforementioned often tire people out. Agricus blazei Murill is an edible, curative fungus which is drawing people's attention in recent years. By ingesting Agaricus blazei Murill with its various active ingredients, one can improve his immunity performance; other advantages are also include: effective at suppressing tumours and effective at lowering cholesterol, blood pressure and blood sugar levels. In the literature, some study results indicate that consuming curative fungi can make one's tiredness and pressure to be relieved. In this experiment, Agricus blazei Murill is submerged-cultured in a liquid fermentation tank. The mycelium and its metabolism products are collected and then provided for the ICR mice as drinking water. By observing and analyzing the performance of ICR mice drinking Agricus blazei Murill fermentation liquid products, the influences of Agricus blazei Murill on relieving fatigue of animals can be determined. The data and conclusions can be used as a groundwork for further researchs on antifatigue medicine or related functional food. In the experiment, ICR mice were divided into four groups, three experimental groups took fermentation liquid products in various concentrations (low, medium, high) as drinking water; the control group took water. After 14 days of feeding, a swimming performance test (without carrying any load) of mice as done. The results showed that the swimming time of the experimental groups is longer than the control group; yet the difference between the experimental and the control groups is not statistically significant. After 90 minutes of swimming and 60 minutes of rest, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test of mice was also taken. The BUN level of the low concentration group is statistically significant different from the control group (p<0.05). There is not much difference between the medium and the high concentration groups and the control one. In the blood lactate test, the levels of mice blood lactate were taken (before swimming, after swimming, after 20 minutes rest). The blood lactate accumulating rates of the medium and the high concentration groups are lower than the control group; this shows the accumulations of blood lactate in the medium and the high concentration groups are depressed. In blood lactate remove, performances of the three experimental groups are better than the control one; the medium and the high concentration groups are especially significant (p<0.05). This result indicates that the groups drank Agricus blazei Murill fermentation liquid products can reduce the fatigue faster than the control group which drank water. According to the above-mentioned results, ingesting the Agricus blazei Murill fermentation liquid products can make animal reduce their fatigue effectively.
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Tseng, Chen-Jai, and 曾正傑. "Effect of LED Lightening on the Secondary Metabolites Production of Monascus rubber 31542 Liquid Fermentation." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17661054131930337400.
Full textAbstract:
碩士銘傳大學
生物科技學系碩士班
98
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of light emitting diode (LED) lightening on the growth of Monascus rubber in an air-lift liquid culture system. M. rubber stains were incubated in shaking flasks and in an air-lift bioreactor at 20, 28 and 35 ℃ under different illuminate conditions. The LED lights investigated were blue, red and green lights under different strengths of lightening, such as 500, 1000 and 1500Lux, etc., while a dark culture was used as a control. It was found that 1000Lux red light illuminated air-lift culture at 28℃ could improve the antioxidant activities of the M. rubber biomass. Red light luminances for 500 Lux on the culture at 35℃could result in the highest monacolin k (5965.35 ppm) and the lowest citrinin (0.27 ppm) contents among the studied conditions. At the same time, 500Lux red light illuminates could also result in a deeper color on M. rubber in an air-lift liquid system.
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Aun, Phang Ken, and 彭健安. "Production of chitin from fermentation of shrimp shell by acidophilus yeast Candida parapsilosis CCRC 20515 and the utilization of fermentation liquid waste." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85569455650255543080.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立海洋大學
食品科學系
87
Abstract This thesis was conducted to prepare chitin from shrimp shell deproteinated by Candida parapsilosis CCRC 20515 fermented in non-sterilization medium and to utilize the fermentation liquid waste. C. parapsilosis CCRC 20515 was incubated in a non-sterilized medium (pH 3.0) containing 0.5% (w/v) yeast extract and 2% glucose. Into the medium, 10% (w/v) demineralized shrimp shell was added and fermentation was carried out at 30oC for 6 days. Inside residues, protein content was 1.8% (by dry base), which was 11.7% lower than that before fermentation, and chitin content was 97%, which 11.6% higher than that before fermentation. Based on these informations, a response surface methodology (RSM) experiment was designed for the optimization of fermentation condition to remove protein from the shell. We found the protein residue was less when pH and glucose contents in medium were 2.8 and 1.1%, respectively. Using this method, we can save the energy to obtain chitin with the similar quality produced by traditional method. Since fermentation liquid waste contained a small amount of free amino acids (7.6 mg/100 ml), it was employed to cultivate a chitinase-producing bacterium, Cellulomonas flavigena NTOU 1. When liquid waste was compared with nutrient broth (NB), each containing different chitinase inducer, no differences were found in chitinase activity revealed. Fermentation liquid waste can be used instead of NB to cultivate C. flavigena NTOU 1. The bacterium on agar plate could inhibit the growth of plant-pathogenic fungi, such as Rhozoctonia solani CCRC 31252, Pyricularia oryzae CCRC 35022, Colletotrichium gleosporiodes CCRC 35003 and Sclerotium rolfsii CCRC 35070. Irrigation of fermentation liquid waste suspended with C. flavigena NTOU 1 could enhance germination and growth of mung beans.
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Hsu, Yan-Bin, and 徐彥斌. "Optimization of lignin peroxidase produced by white rot fungi during liquid and semi-solid state fermentation." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nsp3uy.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
微生物學系
93
Abstract White-rot fungi are the most common lignin degrader in the universe and they play a key role in the global carbon-cycle. Lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidases and laccases are the major enzymes used by white-rot fungi to degrade lignin. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) is a heme containing glycoprotein, and it has a high redox potential which allow it to oxidize various xenobiotic compounds, including azo dyes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated phenol. However, its production by the white-rot fungi is low. The purpose of the present study is to screen for strain(s) which has high lignin peroxidase production capacity. Then find the optimum condition(s) for LiP production. From 8 good congo red degraders, we selected 4 isolated for further study, 3 of them (TFRI 31, TFRI 691, and TFRI 707) shown good enzyme activity when cultivated in phosphate buffer culture medium while the remaining one (TFRI 554) shown good activity in glucose-peptone-corn steep liquor medium. Studies indicated that isolate TFRI 691 produced 8000 U/L in low nitrogen medium at 5day, while isolate TFRI 554 produced about 2000 U/L in low nitrogen medium between 4~6 day. When NH4Cl and yeast extract were used as nitrogen source, resulting not as good as using ammonium tartrate and peptone as N source. Isolate TFRI 554 could produce more lignin peroxidase in medium with pH adjusted to 4.70, while no differences were observed for isolate TFRI 691 when cultivated under different pH. The Added of iron calcium can improve the LiP production in isolate TFRI 554 and isolate TFRI 691, respectively. When cultivated in semi-solid medium, the LiP production for isolate TFRI 554 was 167 U/L at 8 day, and isolate TFRI 691 was 1043 U/L at 4 day. Further study indicated that by heating the culture supernantant at 45℃for 1 hour (or 50℃ for 15 minutes), only 35% of the enzyme activity remained. The optimum pH range for LiPs produced by isolate TFRI 554 and isolate TFRI 691 was 5-6 and 4, respectively. SDS-PAGE results finding TFRI 554 and TFRI 691 strain had different pattern of extracellular enzyme. Native-PAGE and active stain indicated that isolate TFRI 554 and TFRI 691 had different pattern of lignin peroxidase isozymes.
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SU, GUO-CHIH, and 蘇國智. "Effects of solid and liquid submerged fermentation on the formation of β-carotene in Rhodotorula glutinis." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fsjxsd.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
104
Rhodotorula glutinis (BCRC 22360) is an oleaginous yeast that can accumulate high content of total lipid. In addition for total lipids production, R. glutinis was well known as having high content of β-carotene, which is a natural antioxidants to protect cells from being damaged by free radical through the interruption of lipid peroxidation chain reaction. Even though, the high cost of commercializing biosiesel production has been a thorny issue by using the microbial oils as the feedstock. In this study, the effects of liquid submerged fermentation on the cell growth and β-carotene production was investigated by using crude glycerol as carbon source. The corn is used as the substrate to reduce the cost for the extraction and the purification process. The effects of medium ingredients and environmental cultivation conditions on the growth of cell and the content of β-carotene in the shaker flask experiments.It was found that under the condition of 65 % content of water, the particle sizes which less than 0.85 mm, and cultivated for 96 hours can obtain the best consequence that the amount of fermentates of β-carotene reach 2.45 mg/kg. By dicing the substrate after sterilizing can enhance β-carotene from 2.45 to 2.96 mg/kg fermentates significantly. By adding 20 g/L of surcrose and 5 g/L of ammonium sulfate can enhance β-carotene from 2.96 to 3.67 mg/kg fermentates significantly. The effects on the growth of cell and β-carotene were evaluated by adding different volume of subsrtate in a 2 L rotary fermenter, powdering during the period of cultivating and methods of ventilation. While adding 200 g substrates in the 2 L rotary fermenter, the fermentates of β-carotene we obtained was 4.14 mg/kg and it fitted the economic benefits. The content of β-carotene was increased significantly from 4.14 to 6.389 mg/kg with the saturated gas pass into periodicity. The effects of C/N ratio and adding inducer in the medium on the growth of cell and β-carotene in the shaker flask by cultivating in the liquid fermentation were evaluated. The result demonstrated that a monoterpene ethanol solution did not increase the content of β-carotene significantly. Additionly, the growth of the cell was suppressed. However, it was found that adding 2.5 % palm oil can promote the growth of cell and β-carotene, which could obtain 11.5 g/L of biomass and 0.33 mg/g of β-carotene. In C/N ratio experiment, it seems that the increase of C/N ratio can increase the cells growth and β-carotene content. It can get 8.2 g/L of biomass and 0.26 mg/g of β-carotene by using 60 g/L crude glycerol and 1 g/L ammonium sulfate. The experiment of adding 2.5 % palm oil was discussed that scaled up by using the 5 L stirred tank reactor and 5 L airlift. It was found that adding palm oil can promote the growth of cell significantly, which could obtaine 29.8 g/L of biomass and 0.35 mg/g of β-carotene by using 5 L stirred tank reactor. While getting 24.5 g/L of biomass and 0.29 mg/g of β-carotene by using 5 L airlift. Comparing the two reactors, 5 L stirred tank reactor was better than another one. The experiment of changing C/N ratio was discussed that scaled up by using the 50 L airlift. The fed batch operation with the disposable feeding could enhance the lipid content from 41 to 60 %, but not promote for synthesizing the β-carotene, which could obtain 0.2 mg/g of β-carotene.
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HSIEH, TSUNG-YIN, and 謝宗穎. "The Effect of Ionic Liquid on Fermentation of Coffee Ground by Monascus anka for Ethanol Production." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70536259306615422009.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中原大學
化學研究所
103
Oil is now an indispensable source of income, can be used for vehicle fuel, petrochemical industry and other purposes. However, oil is a nonrenewable resource, and the rate of formation of oil cannot keep up the speed of people use, so people began to worry about the problem of insufficient oil, and then start looking for a new alternative energy, alternative energy contain common solar, wind power, bio-ethanol. Bio-ethanol is the raw biomass hydrolyzate, saccharification, fermentation to ethanol by converting the current bio-ethanol has been used to transport the fuel. Such as Taiwan in 2011 to 3% biomass ethanol incorporation of oil in 2015 will improve the quality of the content of 5%. But there are many biomass alcohol problems in ethanol production process, such as the acid used in acid pretreatment equipment for corrosion, acid waste water treatment, cost considerations, excessive carbohydrate degradation (acid hydrolysis) or incomplete hydrolysis (steam explosion) and other issues. Although now been developed to the fourth generation of bio-ethanol, but today was a big problem to deal with agricultural waste, Many farmers choose to incineration or landfill manner, and these treatments can cause harm to the environment. So this study as a second-generation bio-ethanol goal of the experiment, on the one hand to explore whether agricultural wastes can be more efficiently converted into useful substances; on the other hand research of ionic liquid pretreatment for coffee grounds and red yeast growth and fermentation to produce ethanol. The purpose is to improve the purification steps after pretreatment, to reduce the loss as well as reduce process costs. Comparison of four ionic liquid [C4mim]Br, [C4mim]Cl, [mimC4mim]2Br, [(CH3CH2)3NC4]Br difference for the production of ethanol, which [C4mim]Br most good effect. Fermentation temperature of about 30 ℃, fermentation time two weeks for maximum ethanol yield 37 ± 12 ppm, which is every 100m g of coffee grounds to produce 23 mg of ethanol, the ethanol yield of 23%.
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Li, Yun-Rong, and 李昀融. "The effect of a liquid fermentation products of Agricus blazei Murill on fat suppression in rat." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66350405391187140031.
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Hsu, Min-Hsien, and 許民憲. "Antioxidative effects and protective role in mammalian cells of fermentation liquid from lactic acid bacteria culture." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d6x2cb.
Full textAbstract:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
生物科技系暨研究所
97
A number of studies indicated that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) posses antioxidant properties and may prevent DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the antioxidant activities of LAB were monitored in total antioxidant activity and scavenging of DPPH. The results showed that the. The anti-oxidative 10 LAB isolates had Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) from 497.86-637.14 ppm. Scavenging ability of DPPH radical was about 13.02-42.72％. Furthermore, we investigated the prevention of oxidative DNA damage by LAB cells, such as LAB in pUC DNA treated with hydrogen peroxide. Data showed that LAB reduced the DNA damage induced by H2O2 (250 mM). Additional experiments indicated that the reduction of oxidative damage was seen in fermented liquid than in cell-free extracts. When chemopreventive activity of LAB was evaluated, our data showed that LAB was able to reduce the DNA damage induced by H2O2 at pre and simultaneous protocols (0-60 min). Protection of T-24 and Clone 9 cell injury caused by hydrogen peroxide after incubation of LAB fermented culture was detected with MTT method. The results indicate that LAB fermented liquid were required for the prevention of cell damage. When cell numbers from 4.0×107 CFU/mL to 2.0×108 CFU/mL , the fermented liquid inhibited the cell proliferation and it was cytotoxic to T-24 and Clone 9 cell by lowering the survival to 96.31-7.94％. Cytotoxic activity was not found in adjusted pH 7.4 of fermented liquid, which might result from the organic acid produced by lactic acid bacteria. MTT method’s results showed the LAB fermented culture had strong scavenging ability on H2O2 after treated T-24 and Clone 9 cell by increasing the cell survival rate from 20.59％ to 48.38％ and 11.05％ to 48.38％ . Overall, our study showed that the 10 strains of LAB were protective against oxidative damage of pUC19 DNA, T-24 and Clone 9 cells induced by H2O2.
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Kai, Sheng-wen, and 蓋聖文. "Effect of product removal by hydrophobic ionic liquid addition on the butanol fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23531711619081365219.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
化學工程與材料工程研究所
100
In this research, we use hydrophobic ionic liquid to butanol extractive fermentation of Clostridium acetobutylicum, then discuss its effect and feasibility. When the concentration of butanol get 10 g/L in ABE fermentation, the Clostridium acetobutylicum will be inhibited by the product, butanol, and lose activation. The extractive fermentation will improve this problem by reducing the concentration of butanol. The experiment will explore a new process using ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6], [HMIM][PF6] and [OMIM][PF6] as the extractants, test the optimum volume of extraction, the toxic of contact time, and extractive fermentation of large fermentor. The best extractant in this experiment is ionic liquid [HMIM][PF6], when the fermentation gets to 48 hours, we extract by [HMIM][PF6] in 5 minutes, the concentration of butanol extracted from 7.956 g/L to 7.017 g/L. After 84 hours, the maximum yield of butanol is 9.895 g/L, and the productivity is 0.118 g/L/hr. Though the yield and productivity are little less than controlled experiment, 10.111 g/L and 0.140 g/L/hr, the Yx/s and Yp/x are more better than controlled. Because the broth after extracted, the bacteria used glucose to maintain itself is less, more used to produce butanol. Therefore, the process feasibility of using ionic liquids as extractant, is worth in-depth study.
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Chen, I.-Chieh, and 陳怡傑. "Unit Operation of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor for Hydrogen Fermentation with Kitchen Waste Sieved Liquid and Napiergrass." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35680905233664100786.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
環境工程學系碩博士班
97
This study used kitchen waste sieved liquid (KWSL) (KW was sieved through 1~2 mm pore size) as a substrate for biohydrogenation by anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AnFB). And later, different weights of napiergrass dregs were added to co-ferment with KWSL in long hydraulic retention time (HRT) (7.3 days).In Taiwan, the recycling amount of KW was up to 1900 ton/day in average. The moisture of KW was more than 75%, which (KWSL) could carry abundant nutrient and suit for biohydrogenation as well as the operation of AnFB (less suspended solid).The characteristic of KWML as follows: Total COD : 104,000 ± 16,000 mg/L (69% soluble) , Total Carbohydrate: 26,500 ± 6,300 mg/L (85% soluble ) , Total Org-N: 2,560 ± 270 mg/L (70% soluble) , lipid: 8,300 ± 3900 mg/L , suspended solid: 26,000 ± 5330 mg/L( 91 % volatile) , and it contained acetate (2,500 ± 340 mg/L) and high concentration lactate ( 10,700~14,500 mg/L ) . Napiergrass (1.1 g-COD/g- napiergrass dregs) is composed by about 20% cellulose and other lignin cellulose which are difficult to decomposition, this study expected that adding the napiergrass dregs with KWSL could degrade the cellulose and act as a kind of support material in the AnFBR. The AnFBR has a draft tube in reacting zone, and let solid has longer retention time to reaction by controlling recycle flow rate .Working volume of the AnFBR is 110 L. The seeding was from the sludge which used KW vegetable as substrate to produce hydrogen. Operation parameters of the AnFBR: temperature:55oC , pH:6 ,HRT:7.3 days and recirculation liquid flow rate: 35 L/min Total three runs: Run 1 (70 days) inputted KWSL only (organic loading rate: 14.2 ± 2.4 g-COD/L/day), and the hydrogen production rate (HPR) was 1.41 ± 0.27 L-H2/L/day. Run 2 (73 days) inputted KWSL with 5 g- napiergrass dregs/L , and the HPR was 1.41 ± 0.28 L-H2/L-day. Run 3 (47 days) increased the napiergrass concentration to 20 g- napiergrass dregs /L, and had the best HPR,1.64 ± 0.28 L-H2/L-day(Total biogas: 399.6 ± 40.4 L/L/day),in this study. In metabolites aspect, the main volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the effluent were butyrate (13,000~17,000 mg/L) and acetate (2,300~33,00 mg/L) production. Especially, the high concentration lactate in KWSL was degraded obviously (maximum removal : 98.3% for Run 2),and from the batch test of lactate degradation, it showed that lactate was degraded and hydrogen was produced, which the reaction was similar to “Lactate + 0.4 Acetate +0.7 H+ → 0.7 Butyrate + 0.6 H2 + CO2 + 0.4 H2O”. Regarding KWSL contained high concentration lactate has advantages of biohydrogenation and reducing the feed-back of alkali.
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Chen, Kai Ping, and 陳凱萍. "Study on the physiological and biochemical properties of monascus species produced by both liquid and solid fermentation methods." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23285585202410818425.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
食品科學系
94
Abstract The genus Monascus is traditionally used in fermented foods and it has been applied in foods and pharmaceutics for thousands of years. In this study, the differences among sixteen Monascus strains on the ability of hydrolyzing starch, protein and cellulose were investigated. The strains, BCRC 31501, 31541 and M 3 can hydrolyze both starch and protein. The pigments production of BCRC 31501 was more than others in both the solid state and liquid fermentations. Moreover, the maximum production of monacolin K on solid state fermentation was achieved by strain M 2 with the highest amount of 286.2 ± 9.7 μg/ml in solid state fermentation and 136 ± 9.5 μg/ml in liquid fermentation. The content of citrinin is an index for the safety of Monascus products and the safety limit in Japan is set at 0.2 ppm. The content of citrinin in several strains, including BCRC 31499, 31541 and M3, were more than Japanese regulation limit. As a consequence fermentation products of those strains are inappropriate for food consumption. Among all the strains investigayed in this study, the amount of citrinin in BCRC 31499 was the highest, wherein the amount was 64.21 ppm. The antitumor activities were evaluated by MTT assay and the result indicates that Monascus strains could exhibit higher antitumor activities when they are cultured by solid-state fermentation.
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Lu, Ju-ching, and 盧志清. "The change of pesticide residues during the fermentation of vegetable wastes and the feasibility of making liquid fertilizer." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96263946356069841566.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
土壤環境科學系
90
In Taiwan, the vegetable-fruit markets produce much waste, i.e., vegetable residue. For the time being, it has not completely reused. In fact, this waste contains amount of inorganic nutrients and organic materials and should be appropriately renewable and recycling. It’s a good method to reduce the amount of crop wastes or produce compost and organic fertilizer. In this research, we collected vegetable wastes from market, to carry out the pesticides selection and ferment digest test. We used multiresidue method to detect the amount of the pesticides residue. In the process of digestion, detect the amount of pesticides and recovery test, we also measured temperature, pH and EC. In order to understand the decay property of vegetable wastes residual pesticides in the storage process and the change of the property and nutrient, also detected organic C, total N and the amount of Ca, Mg, K, Na, and S after digestion. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in summer vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos (O,O -diethyl -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate）is 3.3 μg g-1, SD is about ±10%, IDL is 0.01 μg g-1.. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.18 μg g-1, Monocrotophos （dimethyl（E）-1-methyl -2-( methylcarbamoyl)vinyl phosphate）is 0.25 μg g-1, Methamidophos ( O,S - dimethyl phosphoramidothioate ) is 0.11 μg g-1, Acephate (O,S- dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) is 0.07 μg g-1, Isoxathion (O,O- diethyl O-5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl phosphorothioate) is 0.41 μg g-1, SD is about ±5% to ±15%. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetablwastes from K-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.3 μg g-1, Monocrotophos is 0.41 μg g-1, Methamidophos is 0.04 μg g-1, Profenofos is 0.17 μg g-1.. The amount of the pesticides residue in the process of leaf digest and recovery test, show that the recovery of select pesticides are between 80% to 120%, SD is ±1% to ±15% . The degradation of Chlorpyrifos in the process of digestion during summer is fast between 21 to 27 days. But the rate of degradation became slow after 27 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Isoxathion in the process of digestion during winter is fast because hydrolysis result in digestion between 7 to 21 days. The degradation became slower after 21 days. The pesticides residue time become longer, maybe result from the temperature during winter is colder than summer. The degradation of Monocrotophos was fast, it couldn’t be detect after 21 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos is fast in the process of digestion during winter between 0 to 7 days, The degradation became slower after 7 days. The residual time of Methamidophos and Profenofos became more longer. The temperature in the process of fermention was no significant change, pH value after fermention was approach 7. From this research, there are no organochloride pesticides residue such as DDT in the vegetable wastes. Although the vegetable wastes residue organophosphate pesticides, such as Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Profenofos. But they will degradation in the process of fermention. Therefore, after fermention, those vegetable wastes can produce liquid fertilizer or as the organic materials.
50
陳亮宇. "Effect of adding ethanol and cooking oil on the production of extracellular polysaccharides from liquid fermentation of Lactarius deliciosus." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uz4mb6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南臺科技大學
生物科技系
107
Lactarius deliciosus, also known as pine mushroom, is one of the most common large mushrooms in the genus Lactarius. In China, it is mainly distributed in the middle and down streams of the Yangtze River and coastal areas. The polysaccharide of Lactarius deliciosus has been shown to have tumor growth inhibitory and antibacterial activity. The production of polysaccharides is to be affected by the external environment, such as temperature and light or cell membrane damage, which will stimulate the cells to produce polysaccharides. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment is to stimulate the production of L. deliciosus extracellular polysaccharides. Firstly, in this study, we screened the suitable environmental conditions for the production of extracellular polysaccharides from Lactarius deliciosus , and then stimulated by physical conditions: such as adding ethanol and cooking oil to induce the formation of extracellular polysaccharides. The results showed that the mycelia cultured at low temperature can produce more extracellular polysaccharides than those cultured at high temperatures. Secondly, adding different concentrations of ethanol stimulates the extracellular polysaccharide produced by the mushroom. In terms of molecular weight, the addition of ethanol at the beginning of the culture has the most significant effect on the formation of the macromolecular extracellular polysaccharide of L.deliciosus. Addition of 2.4 % ethanol had the greatest effect on the extracellular polysaccharide yield of L .deliciosus, which was about 54 times higher than that of the control. Above all, after using two-stage stimulation, the production of extracellular polysaccharide was significantly increased, but on the other hand, the molecular weight distribution, the macromolecular polysaccharide was not significantly changed as compared to the single-stage stimulation.Furthermore,in terms of molecular weight, the addition of ethanol at the early stage of the culture has the most significant effect on the formation of the macromolecular extracellular polysaccharide of L.deliciosus. Keywords: L.deliciosus, extracellular polysaccharide, ethanol, cooking oil