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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid/liquid extraction purification'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 January 2025

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1

Huseynov, H. D. "IONIC LIQUID EXTRACTION CLEANING OF PETROLEUM FRACTIONS." Chemical Problems 20, no. 3 (2022): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2022-3-197-212.

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The extraction purification process is currently being intensively studied and has a great future as an alternative method of purification of petroleum fractions. The point is that the development of technology and rise in the consumption of fuels and oils calls for tightening of requirements to their quality characteristics. At the same time, special attention is paid to the content of aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur-containing and resinous compounds in their composition. The present review considers the results of studies of extractive purification of various oil fractions using both traditional and "green" solvents - ionic liquids as an extractant providing for the effectiveness of ion-liquid extraction purification. The article also describes studies on combining the process of ion-liquid extraction with an oxidative purification method. The results of studies carried out at the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan on ion-liquid extraction purification of petroleum distillates for various purposes, in particular, transformer oil distillate, catalytic cracking and reforming gasoline, AMG-10 hydraulic fluid, Naftalan oil, diesel fuel, as well as oil distillates fractions with different viscosity values, are shown in the article. Also, the possibility getting petroleum products when used as a selective solvent of ionic liquids (morpholformate, anilinformate, N-methylpyrrolidone acetate, etc.) differing in cationic-anionic combination is substantiated.

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2

Ibragimova, M. J., S. A. Seidova, S. G. Alieva, H. J. Huseynov, Kh A. Abdullaeva, and F. Yu Yusifzade. "IONIC LIQUIDS AS EXTRAGENTS OF COMPOUNDS NEGATIVELY AFFECTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL." Azerbaijan Chemical Journal, no. 3 (August 21, 2024): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/0005-2531-2024-3-20-28.

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The results of scientific research in the field of liquid-liquid extraction purification of diesel distillates differing in the content of undesirable aromatic and sulfur compounds using various ionic liquids as a selective, environmentally friendly solvent are presented. Different extracting ability of ionic liquids (dipropylammonium, dibutylammonium and N-methylpyrrolidinium acetate, morpholinium formate) in relation to the extracted components of diesel distillate is shown. In particular, a high degree of purification of the hydrotreated diesel fraction was established when using N-methylpyrrolidinium acetate ionic liquid in the extraction process. The influence of the staged process of extraction purifica-tion of mixed diesel distillate based on straight-run diesel fraction (70% vol.) and secondary oil processing products - light gas oil coking and light gas oil catalytic cracking (30% vol.) on the degree of dearomatization and desulfurization of the fuel has been determined. A relatively high yield and degree of purification of diesel fuel were revealed when carrying out the process of extraction purification of the mixed diesel distillate with N-methylpyrrolidinium acetate ionic liquid in three stages. The extraction purification process was studied using IR and UV spectral analysis methods and the possibility of purifying three- and fourcyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the mixture of straight-run diesel fraction and secondary petroleum products was established when carrying out the extraction process with N-methylpyrrolidinium acetate ionic liquid

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3

Blaga, Alexandra Cristina, Alexandra Tucaliuc, and Lenuta Kloetzer. "Applications of Ionic Liquids in Carboxylic Acids Separation." Membranes 12, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080771.

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Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered a green viable organic solvent substitute for use in the extraction and purification of biosynthetic products (derived from biomass—solid/liquid extraction, or obtained through fermentation—liquid/liquid extraction). In this review, we analyzed the ionic liquids (greener alternative for volatile organic media in chemical separation processes) as solvents for extraction (physical and reactive) and pertraction (extraction and transport through liquid membranes) in the downstream part of organic acids production, focusing on current advances and future trends of ILs in the fields of promoting environmentally friendly products separation.

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4

Evstaf’ev, Sergei N., and Cuong Q. Hoang. "PURIFICATION OF 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE AFTER DISSOLUTION OF WHEAT STRAW." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186103.5615.

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The existing technologies for the extraction of polysaccharides and lignin from lignocellulosic materials from an ecological and economic point of view are imperfect. The solution of this actual problem at present day is possible by heat treatment of lignocellulosic materials at the atmospheric pressure and relatively low temperature in the environment of ionic liquids. The use of ionic liquids for the fractionation of lignocellulosic raw materials isn't found industrial application because of their relatively high cost and sensitivity to contamination, despite the unique set of physico-chemical properties for dissolving cellulose. The solution of the problem is possible by reusing ionic liquid in the technological process without losing their effectiveness, which requires purification from impurities. The purpose of thе work was the comparative research of the efficiency of purification of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride by adsorption on activated carbon, liquid extraction by organic solvents (benzene, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran) and supercritical CO2 extraction. It has been established that the methods of liquid extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction and adsorption on activated carbon can be used to purify 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride from extractives of wheat straw. For the purpose of comparison of efficiency of purification with above-mentioned methods the GC-MS, IR- and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used. It was revealed that extraction of impurities by organic solvents, such as benzene, dioxane and tetrahydrofuran, allows to reduce significantly their content in ionic liquid while supercritical CO2-extraction and adsorption on activated carbon almost completely remove impurities. Considering the substantial losses of the ionic liquid when using adsorption to purify 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride from the extractives of wheat straw, a supercritical CO2 extraction method can be recommended for use.Forcitation:Evstaf’ev S.N., Hoang C.Q. Purification of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride after dissolution of wheat straw. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 83-87

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5

Ren, Guangwei, Xingwen Gong, Bilei Wang, Yingyi Chen, and Jianying Huang. "Affinity ionic liquids for the rapid liquid–liquid extraction purification of hexahistidine tagged proteins." Separation and Purification Technology 146 (May 2015): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.03.025.

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6

Curran, Dennis P, Reena Bajpai, and Elizabeth Sanger. "Purification of Fluorous Mitsunobu Reactions by Liquid-Liquid Extraction." Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis 348, no. 12-13 (August 2006): 1621–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.200606187.

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7

Bendada, A., A. H. Meniai, and L. M. Bencheikh. "Modeling of Phosphoric Acid Purification by Liquid-Liquid Extraction." Chemical Engineering & Technology 24, no. 12 (December 2001): 1273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-4125(200112)24:12<1273::aid-ceat1273>3.0.co;2-j.

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8

Béri, János, Sára Nagy, Ádám Kolay Kovács, Erika Vági, and Edit Székely. "Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Hemp Residue and Purification of the Extract with Liquid-Liquid Extraction." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 66, no. 1 (November 26, 2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.18456.

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The first semi-continuous Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) of hemp threshing residue with ethanol was carried out according to a 32 full factorial experimental design with pressure and temperature as independent variables at 8-10-12 MPa and 323-333-343 K, respectively. The total- and cannabidiol (CBD) yield curves were fitted to the modified two-parameter Brunner equation. Best results, concerning CBD, can be achieved at 12 MPa and 343 K. Solvent mass-consumption and operation time were considerably decreased compared to a previous supercritical fluid extraction study on the same material. Furthermore, the concentration profiles were evaluated to study the mass transfer. The winterized dry extracts were further studied in a methanol-hexane-water ternary system concerning CBD distribution ratio, showing high methanol dependency.

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9

Lestari, Gabriella, Alinaghi Salari, Milad Abolhasani, and Eugenia Kumacheva. "A microfluidic study of liquid–liquid extraction mediated by carbon dioxide." Lab on a Chip 16, no. 14 (2016): 2710–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6lc00597g.

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Liquid–liquid extraction is an important separation and purification method; however, it faces a challenge in reducing the energy consumption and the environmental impact of solvent (extractant) recovery. An oscillatory microfluidic platform is proposed to study reactive liquid–liquid extraction involving switchable solvents and carbon dioxide gas.

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10

Niu, Rui Xia, Bo Lin Li, and Biao Long. "Purification and Fractionation of Natural Petroleum Sulfonates by Liquid-Liquid & Soxhlet Extraction." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.455-456.496.

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Natural petroleum sulfonates (PS) was separated, purified and divided into several fractions by a new method liquid-liquid & soxhlet extraction. The effects of heating time, volume ratio of extractants (isopropanol aqueous solution-50/50 (by volume) : n-pentane), gradient solvent types, extracting time & times on the separation efficiency are discussed, respectively. And the extracted mineral oil was anlalyzed by IR spectra, the average equivalent weight of each extracted PS fraction was measured by ESI-MS. The experimental results show that the volatiles in natural plant-manufactured PS can evaporate thoroughly in 3.5h at 130°C, and when the volume ratio of stated extractants is 3:1, after several times extraction & anti-extraction, the extracted mineral oil is PS-free, and the purified PS is successfully separated from inorganic salt, meanwhile the purified PS was divided into four fractions, whose average equivalent weight are (toluene extract) 595.03, (dichloromethane extract) 486.00, (isopropanol extract) 474.85 and (alcohol extract) 384.5g/mol, respectively. The proposed method is superior to the traditional liquid-liquid extraction for simplified steps and bifunction with PS purifying & fraction dividing, can separate efficiently industrial PS and other similar mixtures.

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11

Yan, Xu, Maria Aparecida Souza, Marcela Z. R. Pontes, Michele Vitolo, and Adalberto Pessoa Júnior. "Liquid-liquid extraction of enzymes by affinity aqueous two-phase systems." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 46, no. 4 (December 2003): 741–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132003000400030.

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From analytical to commercial scale, aqueous two-phase systems have their application in the purification, characterization and study of biomaterials. In order to improve the selectivity of the systems, the biospecific affinity ligands were introduced. In the affinity partitioning aqueous two-phase system, have many enzymes been purified. This review discusses the partitioning of some enzymes in the affinity aqueous two-phase systems in regard to the different ligands, including reactive dyes, metal ions and other ligands. Some integration of aqueous two-phase system with other techniques for more effective purification of enzymes are also presented.

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12

Seidova, Sabina A. "EXTRACTION METHODS OF CLEANING OF MOTOR FUEL." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 10 (October 29, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196210.5941.

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In paper the results of the carried out analysis of literary data on preparation of motor fuels of high quality by extraction method of purification of the corresponding oil distillates with use of compounds of various class as a selective solvent have been presented. In particular, the results of comparative analysis of existing methods of the extraction purification of distillates of motor fuels from unnecessary components – aromatic hydrocarbons, sulphur-containing compounds and resinous substances with use of organic solvents and ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent have been presented. The advantage of the extraction method of purification of motor fuels determined by possibility of the process at low temperature and pressure, by absence of necessity of application of the expensive catalysts, by possibility of regeneration and reuse of solvent, etc. in comparison with widely used hydrogenation method has been shown. The lacks of the organic solvents used as an extractant have been also listed and due to the ecological problems the use of non-volatile, thermally stable ion-liquid compositions as a selective solvent in the processes of purification of the distillates, intended for preparation a high quality target products, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, base oils for various purposes has been substantiated. In paper the results of systematic investigations carried out at the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences with the participation of the authors themselves, concerning the selective purification of the oil fractions of various composition and viscosity with use of ionic liquids synthesized on the basis of formic and acetic acids composition have been also presented. By carried out analysis it has been shown the perspectivity of application of the ion-liquid compositions as an extractant in the processes of the selective purification of the oil distillates.

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13

Amelio, A., L. Loise, R. Azhandeh, S. Darvishmanesh, V. Calabró, J. Degrève, P. Luis, and B. Van der Bruggen. "Purification of biodiesel using a membrane contactor: Liquid–liquid extraction." Fuel Processing Technology 142 (February 2016): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.10.037.

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14

Niftullayeva, Sayad, Yegana Mamedova, and Ibrahim Mamedov. "Deep Eutectic Solvents for Liquid-Liquid Extraction-Denitrification." Energy Environment and Storage 3, no. 2 (May 30, 2023): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.52924/sgaw3909.

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In this study, a new type of deep eutectic solvent was prepared and tested for the selective extraction of nitrogen compounds from model fuels. DES2 was made of triethylammonium acetate [TEA]+[AcO]- and glycerol in a volume ratio of 1:6. The extraction capacity of DES2 was evaluated and compared to DES1a, and DES1b. The denitrification process was carried out at room temperature. The volume ratio of DESs to model fuels were taken 1:1. Obtained results showed, that DES2 was highly selective for all nitrogen compounds (pyridine, quinoline, indole, and pyridine/quinoline mixture) in a one-step liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). The purification rate of the pyridine, indole and pyridine/quinoline mixture was 100, 98 and 88% in one hour. Quinoline showed high-extraction efficiency (92%) in three hours of mixing time. All experiments were evaluated by NMR spectra.

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15

Cuong, Dang Xuan. "Antioxidant chlorophyll purification from maize leaves by liquid-to-liquid extraction method." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3 (May 15, 2020): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3.4104.

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Chlorophyll is the blood of plant possesses a medical-value for treating support of disease in human, and the paper focused on the purification of antioxidant chlorophyll extracting from maize leaves in Vietnam. Chlorophyll was extracted with 96% ethanol and segmented by different solvents, for example, n-hexane, 96% ethanol, and ethyl acetate, respectively. Ethanol fraction was running via the chromatography column of silica gel for collecting antioxidant purified chlorophyll. All fractions were analysed chlorophyll content, antioxidant activities (total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity) and run the thin layer chromatography for determining the chlorophyll purification degree and the Rf. The results showed that the purification of antioxidant chlorophyll from maize leaves was by using the liquid-liquid segment and the column run, for example, in turn, ethanol, n-hexane, ethanol, and the silica gel chromatography. The highest value of chlorophyll content, total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 0.563±0.003 µg chl equivalent/ml, 1.392±0.018 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/ml, 3.396±0,024 mg FeSO4/ml, and 76.34±0.81 (%), respectively, as the n-hexane/ethanol ratio of 1/1 (v/v). After the chromatography run, chlorophyll content, total antioxidant activity, reducing power activity, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity corresponded to 0.217±0.002 µg chl equivalent/ml, 0.628±0.013 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/ml, 1.928±0.019 mg FeSO4/ml, and 77.19±0.58 (%), respectively. Keywords: antioxidant, chlorophyll, maize, purification, liquid-to-liquid

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16

Chaturvedi, Tanmay, Laura Sini Sofia Hulkko, Malthe Fredsgaard, and Mette Hedegaard Thomsen. "Extraction, Isolation, and Purification of Value-Added Chemicals from Lignocellulosic Biomass." Processes 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2022): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091752.

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This review covers the operating conditions for extracting top value-added chemicals, such as levulinic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, vanillic acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, xylitol, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, chitosan, 2,3-butanediol, and xylo-oligosaccharides, from common lignocellulosic biomass. Operating principles of novel extraction methods, beyond pretreatments, such as Soxhlet extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and enzymatic extraction, are also presented and reviewed. Post extraction, high-value biochemicals need to be isolated, which is achieved through a combination of one or more isolation and purification steps. The operating principles, as well as a review of isolation methods, such as membrane filtration and liquid–liquid extraction and purification using preparative chromatography, are also discussed.

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17

Schoemig, Veronika, Eda Isik, Lea Martin, and Sonja Berensmeier. "Solid liquid liquid extraction of porcine gastric mucins from homogenized animal material." RSC Advances 7, no. 63 (2017): 39708–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra06594a.

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18

Mansel, Alexander, and Karsten Franke. "Production of no-carrier-added 89Zr at an 18 MeV cyclotron, its purification and use in investigations in solvent extraction." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 328, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 419–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10967-021-07634-x.

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AbstractThe chemical separation of zirconium from lanthanides by liquid–liquid extraction is challenging but critical for medical and technological applications. Using the example of 89Zr, we optimize the liquid–liquid-extraction process by means of the radiotracer technique. We produced 89Zr by proton irradiation of a metallic yttrium target at a cyclotron. The purification of the radionuclide was performed by a UTEVA resin. 89Zr was separated in no-carrier-added form in a sulfuric acid solution. 89Zr was successfully used in solvent extraction tests with calixarenes for the separation of zirconium from lanthanides. This reaction is suitable for the efficient extraction and purification of lanthanides.

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19

Li, Ying, Xiaoli Li, Xueyan Wang, Jiaojiao Xue, Rui Zhang, Yi Ding, Xiuling Chu, and Jianqing Su. "Study on Extraction and Purification of Acanthopanax senticosus Polyphenols by an Ionic Liquid-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase System." Molecules 28, no. 17 (August 31, 2023): 6383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28176383.

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This study aimed to extract and purify polyphenols from Acanthopanax senticosus. A new green method was developed, in which ionic liquids (ILs) were used as aqueous two-phase (ATP) adjuvants to extract the polyphenols from A. senticosus. An ionic liquid-assisted aqueous two-phase system (IL-ATPS) was established. The purification of the polyphenols from the extraction fluid by AB-8 macroporous resin was conducted, and the kinetic mechanisms were studied. The reuse of ionic liquids was executed. The results showed that an [OMIM]Br-assisted ethanol/NaH2PO4 system (IL-ATPS) was the best extraction solvent. In this study, the following optimal extraction conditions were determined: 32 wt.% ethanol, 25 wt.% NaH2PO4, 9 wt.% additional ionic liquid, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:40 g/mL, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, a pH of 4.0, an extraction time of 50 min, and an extraction rate of the polyphenols at 15.90 mg/g. The optimum adsorption parameters of the macroporous resin AB-8 were as follows: a flow rate of 3.5 BV·h−1, a sample volume of 40 mL, an elution flow rate of 3.5 BV·h−1, an eluent volume of 80 mL, and an eluant that was constituted by an 85% volume fraction of ethanol. The decolorization effect of 4% activated carbon was better than the other amounts; in addition, a decolorization rate of 76.81% and an ionic liquid recovery rate of 81.12% were found to be the most optimal. Compared with the traditional extraction methods, IL-ATPS has the advantages of requiring simple operation, saving time, and high efficiency. In addition, it can be used for the extraction of the polyphenolic compounds.

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20

Molero, C., A. de Lucas, and J. F. Rodríguez. "Purification by Liquid Extraction of Recovered Polyols." Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange 24, no. 5 (October 2006): 719–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07366290600762587.

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21

Peng, Zuren, Wanying Wang, Xianjun Long, Ping Qiu, Qiaoqiao Liu, Yuanxiang Yang, Xuechun Yang, Meili Wang, Songmao Yin, and Xingchu Gong. "Sinomenine Purification by Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction Process with Centrifugal Extractors." Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 10, no. 03 (2020): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/aces.2020.103012.

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22

Mun, Low Wai, I. S. M. Rafiqul, A. M. M. Sakinah, and A. W. Zularisam. "Purification of bioxylitol by liquid–liquid extraction from enzymatic reaction mixture." Separation Science and Technology 51, no. 14 (August 22, 2016): 2369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01496395.2016.1203335.

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23

Schmidt, Axel, Fabian Mestmäcker, Lisa Brückner, Tobias Elwert, and Jochen Strube. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction and Chromatography Process Routes for the Purification of Lithium." Materials Science Forum 959 (June 2019): 79–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.959.79.

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Since several years, the lithium market is characterized by high growth rates especially due to the increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, the primary production is currently expanded and there is a growing interest in recycling. However, because of the chemical properties of lithium, many production processes lack efficient processes for the separation, concentration and purification of lithium. This article reviews the current use of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and chromatography in lithium production as well as research. Currently, the industrial application of LLE and chromatography in lithium purification is limited to the extraction of impurities and co-products. Extraction of lithium is only used as concentration step in few processes before lithium precipitation. In research and development, a wide variety of extractants and resins is investigated. In LLE, chelating extractants like crown ethers and calixarene and synergistic systems show the greatest potential. In the chromatographic separation the main focus of research lies upon cation exchange media, especially media with sulfonated ligands. However, most research is still in early development. Therefore, extensive research is needed to enable the industrial use of optimized LLE and chromatography processes in lithium production. Content TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l "_Toc515547308" Abstract PAGEREF _Toc515547308 \h 2 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc515547309" Content PAGEREF _Toc515547309 \h 3

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Bostyn, S., J. Gaucher, G. Christophe, R. Soukehal, and C. Porte. "An Automated Liquid-Liquid Extraction System Supervised by an Industrial Programmable Logic Controller." JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 6, no. 1 (February 2001): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00115-7.

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In the case of development of new products in organic synthesis, the final step of the process must offer the best purity. In this way, the final step is a unit operation of isolation like distillation, crystallisation or liquid-liquid extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate a module of purification on an automated platform for achieving the whole process. In our case, an automated platform was based on Zymark architecture allowing us to automate sample preparation and the reaction steps. For the purification module, we opted to develop our own home module: a liquid-liquid extraction module. This unit operation permits us to separate the final product in the case of peptide synthesis in liquid phase, but equally, in the case of isolation of vegetable molecules. The module capacities had to permit the multistage extraction and the determination of the binodal curve for optimising the process, and to possess in our own system for liberating the Zymark robot for other tasks. The operator interface is developed by using a SCADA (supervisory control).

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25

Koźlecki, Tomasz, Wojciech Sawiński, Adam Sokołowski, Wojciech Ludwig, and Izabela Polowczyk. "Extraction of organic impurities using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6]." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-008-0018-2.

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Extraction of organic impurities using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6] Extraction of several chloro compounds from water has been examined. As the extracting liquid the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6], which is common hydrophobic ionic liquid, was used. Additionally, extraction of selected chlorinated compounds from tert-butylmethylether (MTBE) was investigated. The obtained results show the usefulness of [BMIM][PF6] to remove the organic impurities from water, particularly at the concentration range inappropriate for biological purification plants.

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26

Xu, Sijie, Junxia Wang, Dengxian Deng, Yueying Sun, Xuedong Wang, and Zhanen Zhang. "A pretreatment method combined matrix solid-phase dispersion with dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction for polybrominated diphenyl ethers in vegetables through quantitation of gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS)." RSC Advances 13, no. 23 (2023): 15772–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra00320e.

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Herein, a novel pretreatment method for extraction of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) and depth purification using dispersive liquid–liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) from vegetables was designed.

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Bogdanov, Milen G., and Ivan Svinyarov. "Efficient purification of halide-based ionic liquids by means of improved apparatus for continuous liquid-liquid extraction." Separation and Purification Technology 196 (May 2018): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2017.07.039.

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28

Imbrogno, Joseph, Luke Rogers, Dale A. Thomas, and Klavs F. Jensen. "Continuous purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients utilizing polymer membrane surface wettability." Chemical Communications 54, no. 1 (2018): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cc08218e.

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29

Abbasov, V. M., L. I. Alieva, G. A. Isayeva, P. A. Movsumova, and S. S. Süleymanova. "Results of research in the field of purification of Naftalan oil fractions with appropriate solvents." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 05 (May 15, 2024): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2024-05-42-48.

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Oil fraction samples were selected from individual wells of the Naftalan field. The physicochemical, spectral properties and structure of fractions obtained from mixtures of Naftalan oil were determined by using modern methods of analysis. For purification of Naftalan oil fractions from aromatic and sulfur compounds, an extraction process was carried out with ionic liquids (morpholineformate, diethylamineformate, triethylamineformate, pyridineformate, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidoneformate, piperidineformate, anylinformate), as well as and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone extractants. In the obtaining of therapeutic “White Naftalan” oil from a fraction of Naftalan oil boiling at 200–450 °C, the purification process with ionic liquid morpholineformate in a mass ratio oil fraction: ionic liquid – 1:1, at a temperature of 60 oC, was carried out in 4 stages, with the contact time of 1 hour for each stage. In the purification proces the amount of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased and was 2 %, and the raffinate yield was 72.65 %. was. Thus, according to the results of IR, UV spectral analysis of the morpholineformate ionic liquid can be considered an economically and environmentally effective extractant in the obtaining of therapeutic “White Naftalan” oil.

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Bekavac, Nikša, Maja Benković, Tamara Jurina, Davor Valinger, Jasenka Gajdoš Kljusurić, Ana Jurinjak Tušek, and Anita Šalić. "Advancements in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for Enzyme Extraction, Purification, and Biotransformation." Molecules 29, no. 16 (August 9, 2024): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163776.

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In recent years, the increasing need for energy conservation and environmental protection has driven industries to explore more efficient and sustainable processes. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is a common method used in various sectors for separating components of liquid mixtures. However, the traditional use of toxic solvents poses significant health and environmental risks, prompting the shift toward green solvents. This review deals with the principles, applications, and advantages of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) as an alternative to conventional LLE. ATPS, which typically utilize water and nontoxic components, offer significant benefits such as high purity and single-step biomolecule extraction. This paper explores the thermodynamic principles of ATPS, factors influencing enzyme partitioning, and recent advancements in the field. Specific emphasis is placed on the use of ATPS for enzyme extraction, showcasing its potential in improving yields and purity while minimizing environmental impact. The review also highlights the role of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in enhancing the efficiency of ATPS, making them viable for industrial applications. The discussion extends to the challenges of integrating ATPS into biotransformation processes, including enzyme stability and process optimization. Through comprehensive analysis, this paper aims to provide insights into the future prospects of ATPS in sustainable industrial practices and biotechnological applications.

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Magda, Ali Akl, Mohammed Youssef Abdul Fatah, Mohammed Ali Mohsen, and Ibraheim Amin Mostafa. "Liquid-liquid extraction technique for purification of Egyptian WET process phosphoric acid." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 54, no. 2 (2010): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pp.ch.2010-2.01.

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REDDY, M. L. P., T. PRASADA RAO, and A. D. DAMODARAN. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction Processes for the Separation and Purification of Rare Earths." Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review 12, no. 2-4 (December 1993): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08827509508935254.

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Peng, Sean X., Charles Henson, Michael J. Strojnowski, Adam Golebiowski, and Sean R. Klopfenstein. "Automated High-Throughput Liquid−Liquid Extraction for Initial Purification of Combinatorial Libraries." Analytical Chemistry 72, no. 2 (January 2000): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac990946v.

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Boulkroune, N., and A. H. Meniai. "Modeling Purification of Phosphoric Acid Contaminated with Cadmium by Liquid-liquid Extraction." Energy Procedia 18 (2012): 1189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.05.134.

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de Jesus, Sérgio S., Gabriela F. Ferreira, Maria Regina Wolf Maciel, and Rubens Maciel Filho. "Biodiesel purification by column chromatography and liquid-liquid extraction using green solvents." Fuel 235 (January 2019): 1123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.107.

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Katikaneni, Sai P. R., and Munir Cheryan. "Purification of Fermentation-Derived Acetic Acid By Liquid−Liquid Extraction and Esterification." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 41, no. 11 (May 2002): 2745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie010825x.

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Freitas, Lucas Victor Pereira de, Lorena Maria Guimarães Alves, Lázaro Chaves Sicupira, Gevany Paulino de Pinho, and Flaviano Oliveira Silvério. "Determination of DDT in honey samples by liquid–liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) combined to HPLC-DAD." Analytical Methods 13, no. 16 (2021): 1955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ay00264c.

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38

Sankaran, Revathy, Jenn Hau Bong, Yin Hui Chow, Fadzlie Wong Faizal Wong, Tau Chuan Ling, and Pau Loke Show. "Reverse Micellar System in Protein Recovery - A Review of the Latest Developments." Current Protein & Peptide Science 20, no. 10 (September 20, 2019): 1012–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203720666190628142203.

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Reversed micellar system (RMS) is an innovative technique used for the isolation, extraction and purification of proteins and enzymes. Studies have demonstrated that RMS is an efficient purification technology for extracting proteins and enzymes from natural plant materials or fermentation broth. Lately, reverse micelles have wider biological applications and the ease of scaling up and the possibility for the continuous process have made RMS a vital purification technique in various fields. In this study, an extensive review of RMS with the current application in biotechnology is examined. This review provides insights into the fundamental principles, key variables and parameters of RMS. In addition, a comparative study of RMS with other liquid-liquid extraction techniques is also included. The present review aims to provide a general overview of RMS by summarising the research works, since the introduction of the technology to current development.

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Huseynov, H. J. "Study dearomatization of kerosene by IR and UV spectral analysis." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 12 (February 23, 2021): 2150197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984921501979.

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This work is devoted to study the extraction dearomatization of the kerosene fraction using ionic liquids synthesized on the basis of formic acid and morpholine, as well as acetic acid and diethylamine as a selective solvent. The influence of various factors on the selective purification process has been investigated and the conditions for dearomatization of kerosene have been determined. The group hydrocarbon composition of the dearomatized kerosene raffinate samples by ion-liquid extraction was determined by IR and UV spectral analysis.

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Utami, Salsabila Posmaryana, Andre Fahriz Perdana Harahap, Muhammad Arif Darmawan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya Ramadhan, and Misri Gozan. "Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) of Furfural Purification from Oil Palm Empty Bunch with Toluene Solvent." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1034, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1034/1/012053.

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Abstract Oil Palm Empty Brunches (OPEB) as lignocellulose can be hydrolyzed into various chemical compounds with high selling value, such as furfural. Furfural purification by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) produced higher furfural yield compared to other methods. The solvent must have a high solute capability to achieve the LLE process with the highest furfural yield. Toluene was chosen as a solvent because it shows high solubility in furfural extraction. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimum operating conditions for furfural LLE with toluene from the OPEB hydrolysate model. The variable in this research is stirring time (30, 60, 90 minutes), extraction stage (1x, 2x, 3x), and extraction temperature (25, 45, 65°C). Analysis of furfural content in the organic phase was carried out using HPLC. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) determined the optimum furfural LLE condition in the Design-Expert software using the Box-Behnken model. This research can be used as a reference for obtaining the best furfural yield from OPEB hydrolysate using the LLE method with toluene.

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HAYASHI, Tsuyoshi, Koji SAITOU, Junsei TAMURA, Nozomu OTSUKA, and Yasuhiko TONOOKA. "Purification of Natural Amorphous Graphite Using an Oscillating Liquid-Liquid Continuous Extraction Apparatus." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 108, no. 1258 (2000): 598–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj.108.1258_598.

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Jagathy, K., J. Naviya Sherly, and S. Rajeshkumar. "Production of nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis-optimization and purification by liquid-liquid extraction." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 10, no. 6 (2017): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2017.00339.0.

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Niu, Rui Xia, Bo Lin Li, and Biao Long. "Purification and Fractionation of Natural Petroleum Sulfonates by Liquid-Liquid & Soxhlet Extraction." Advanced Materials Research 455-456 (January 2012): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/scientific5/amr.455-456.496.

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Sánchez, Edwin, Camilo Pardo-Castaño, and Gustavo Bolaños. "Purification of Monoglycerides From Palm Stearin by Liquid-Liquid Extraction With Aqueous Ethanol." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 95, no. 2 (February 2018): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aocs.12018.

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Mohammed, Harith N., Suad H. Ahmed, and Abdullah A. Abdulkarim. "Purification of Biodiesel via Nanofluid using Liquid-Liquid Extraction in a Membrane Contactor." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 30, no. 1 (March 11, 2023): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.1.5.

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Recently, attention has been paid to nanofluids due to their contribution to enhancing heat and mass transfer in different industrial applications. Consequently, a nanofluid composed of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and distilled water as base fluid was adopted as a solvent to promote the removal of impurities, methanol, and glycerol, from crude biodiesel using liquid-liquid extraction in the membrane contactor. The presence of NPs significantly enhanced the methanol and glycerol removal efficiency. The optimum concentration of NPs in nanofluid was 0.01 wt%. It was found that adding 0.01 wt% of NPs to the distilled water increased the methanol removal efficiency from 76.4% to 93.1% upon using crude biodiesel with methanol and glycerol content of 2000 ppm and 1 wt%, respectively, at a constant flow rate of solvent and biodiesel of 200 mL min⎼1. Meanwhile, the glycerol removal efficiency increased from 76.2% to 94.5%. The results revealed that the solvent flow rate was the controlling mass transfer step.

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Chu, Manh Nhuong, Mai Xuan Truong, Thi Hien Lan Nguyen, Tra Huong Do, Thi Tu Anh Duong, Thi Kim Ngan Tran, Thi Cam Quyen Ngo, Thi To Loan Nguyen, Thi Hau Vu, and Mai An Pham. "Purification and Characterization of High Purity Nano Zirconia by Liquid-Liquid Extraction Using D2EHPA/p-Xylenes." Inorganics 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2022): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics10070093.

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In this paper, Zr(IV) nitrate solution decomposed from Viet Nam zircon concentrate was the source of zirconium extraction by liquid-liquid extraction (L.L.E). The FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra confirmed the extraction of Zr(IV) by D2EHPA/p-xylenes. There were four stages for the purification of impurities from the Zr matrix. First, the extraction of elements in 3.0 M HNO3 by 50% D2EHPA/p-xylenes was conducted. Second, two scrubbing cycles of impurities using 6.0 M HNO3, 76.5% of the total amount of Zr(IV) were retained in the organic phase, and 23.5% remained in the aqueous phase. Third, the stripping of a macro amount of zirconium from loaded D2EHPA has been effectively carried out using 1.5 M H2SO4 with a stripping efficiency of 99.6%. Fourth, concentrated ammonia was added to the solution Zr(IV) after stripping extraction to form precipitate for calcination at 550 °C for the final products. The refined products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDS, XRF, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The ZrO2 has high purity, is nanospherical, and has a uniform sphere-like morphology with small grain size of less than 30 nm and a bandgap value of about 3.30 eV.

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Guo, Jie Zhi, Hao Guo Tang, Hong Juan Yao, and Yan Mei Zhang. "Research on the Extraction and Purification of Dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 738–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.738.

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Extracting dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentata by water extraction method. The orthogonal test and single factor experiment were used to optimize the best extraction condition. The ratio of liquid and material is 20:1, extraction time is 90min, extraction temperature is 90°C,holding time is 1d. The results of comparison between two purification methods show: Purify with acetone and recrystallization with water is better. The purity of dihydromyricetin is high to 98%, recovery rate was 59.2%.

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Hassannejad, Sahar. "Liquid Biphasic System." Pharmacy and Applied Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.59480/phahs.v1i1.10.

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Many researchers have been interested in a substitute bioseparation technology for different biomolecules, namely the liquid biphasic system (L.B.S.). The analysis starts with a detailed discussion of the basic concept of L.B.S. and follows by a debate on the further creation of the different components for phase-forming of L.B.S. Also, various advance L.B.S. technologies will be introduced. It was addressed that is beneficial to L.B.S.'s e-function for bimolecular extraction, separation, and purification. The L.B.S. key parameters for link were obtainable and assessed. Furthermore, a guideline for future growth was described as future opportunities and challenges of L.B.S. The measures outlined in this review gives an insight into potential studies of the techniques of liquid-liquid split.

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Alisherovich, Alisherov Akramboy. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND NUMERICAL METHODS OF FILTRATION PROCESSES OF LIQUID SOLUTIONS." American Journal of Applied Science and Technology 4, no. 10 (October 1, 2024): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ajast/volume04issue10-07.

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Filtration processes of liquid solutions are fundamental in many natural and industrial applications, such as environmental protection, chemical engineering, water purification, and petroleum extraction. This article develops a mathematical model for describing filtration processes and explores various numerical methods for solving the governing equations. The model is based on Darcy’s law, continuity equation, and constitutive relations of liquid solutions in porous media. Numerical methods, including finite difference, finite element, and finite volume approaches, are discussed with applications to various filtration scenarios. We also provide analysis of the stability, convergence, and efficiency of these methods.

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Eiamart, Wanna, Supeecha Wittayalertpanya, Sarin Tadtong, and Weerasak Samee. "Efficient Simultaneous Isolation of Pinostrobin and Panduratin A from Boesenbergia rotunda Using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography." Molecules 29, no. 21 (November 2, 2024): 5186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215186.

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The bioactive flavonoids pinostrobin (PN) and panduratin A (PA) from Boesenbergia rotunda are essential for research and therapeutic applications. This study introduces an innovative method utilizing ultrasound-assisted extraction with n-hexane pre-treatment, followed by one-step centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) purification. Extraction efficiency was evaluated using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), and the isolated compounds were characterized through 1H-NMR and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS), adhering to AOAC validation guidelines. Optimal extraction conditions comprised a particle size of 125 μm, a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, and a 10 min extraction time, yielding a crude extract of 6.96 ± 0.07%. Using an n-hexane/MeOH/water (5/3.4/1.6, v/v) solvent system in ascending mode, PN (2.16 mg, 98.78% purity) and PA (0.4 mg, 99.69% purity) were isolated from 67 mg of crude extract within 30 min. This streamlined approach enhances purification efficiency, allowing for faster extraction and higher purity, making it a suitable method for commercial applications.

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