Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid-liquid crystal phase separation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid-liquid crystal phase separation"

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Mosses, Joanna, David A. Turton, Leo Lue, Jan Sefcik, and Klaas Wynne. "Crystal templating through liquid–liquid phase separation." Chemical Communications 51, no. 6 (2015): 1139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07880b.

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Shipovskaya, Anna B., Natalia O. Gegel, Sergei L. Shmakov, and Sergei Yu Shchyogolev. "Phase Analysis of the Cellulose Triacetate-Nitromethane System." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/126362.

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A comprehensive study was made on the cellulose triacetate-nitromethane system to explore its phase separation within ranges 2–25 wt.% and−5÷+80°Cby means of polarization light and electron microscopy, the turbidity spectrum method, differential thermal and X-ray analyses, and rheological techniques. The physical state of the polymer was identified within the phase coexistence boundaries on the phase diagram which included three types of phase separation (amorphous (with a UCST atTcr=57∘Candccr=7.3 wt.%), crystal, and liquid crystal). The boundaries of the regions determining the coexistence of the liquid crystal (LC) and the partly crystal phase were found to be inside the region of amorphous liquid-liquid phase separation. For cellulose ester-solvent systems, this state diagram is the first experimental evidence for the possibility of coexistence of several phases with amorphous, LC, and crystal polymer ordering.
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Hasegawa, Ray, Masanori Sakamoto, and Hideyuki Sasaki. "Dynamic Analysis of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal by Infrared Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 9 (September 1993): 1386–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067441.

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The dynamic behavior of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) under an electric field has been studied by static and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. The PDLC sample was prepared by polymerization-induced phase separation of a mixture of nematic liquid crystal E7 and acrylate. 2D IR correlation analysis indicates that the rigid core of the liquid crystal molecules reorients as a unit, and suggests that the polymer side chain existing in the interface between the polymer and the liquid crystals may reorient in phase with the liquid crystal reorientation by interaction with the liquid crystal molecules.
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Motoyama, M., H. Nakazawa, T. Ohta, T. Fujisawa, H. Nakada, M. Hayashi, and M. Aizawa. "Phase separation of liquid crystal–polymer mixtures." Computational and Theoretical Polymer Science 10, no. 3-4 (June 2000): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1089-3156(99)00044-6.

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SMITH, GEORGE W. "MIXING AND PHASE SEPARATION IN LIQUID CRYSTAL/MATRIX SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 07, no. 25 (November 15, 1993): 4187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979293003620.

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We review mixing and phase separation (demixing) in mixtures of low molecular weight liquid crystals (LCs) and organic matrices, with emphasis on aspects relevant to the formation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films. These films, which contain a myriad of micron-sized LC droplets, are of interest because of their electro-optic properties. Film formation is simple: A liquid crystal and a liquid polymer precursor are initially mixed to form a single phase. Subsequently the polymer is hardened, and LC microdroplets phase-separate from the matrix. Although matrix hardening can be achieved in several ways, this review focuses on curing, during which cross-linking reactions lead to an increased matrix molecular weight. Topics discussed include: phase behavior of the binary system before, during, and after cure and LC/matrix solubilities. The Flory-Huggins model for phase separation (as modified by several workers) has provided a theoretical basis for the studies. Principal experimental tools have been calorimetry and light scattering. Uncured LC/matrix binaries possess phase diagrams with an upper critical solution temperature. Such systems, when heated through the mixing temperature, exhibit a decrease in specific heat, the (negative) excess specific heat of mixing, ∆ C mix . A plot of ∆ C mix vs. LC concentration exhibits a minimum, from which we can estimate LC and uncured-matrix solubilities. Matrix cure plays a major role in the phase separation process: In partially-cured samples, ∆ C mix transitions persist until cure is nearly complete, at which time a fraction of the LC is permanently phase-separated, with the rest remaining dissolved in the matrix. The kinetics of phase separation can be determined by calorimetry or light scattering. Cure rates have been shown to control LC microdroplet size, with fast cures leading to small droplets. Calorimetry of the fully cured system also allows us to determine the solubility of liquid crystal in the polymer matrix, as well as the fraction of phase-separated LC. An approximation based on the lever rule and the Flory-Huggins spinodal curve provides an upper bound for the solubilities and also describes their temperature dependence.
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Xu, Yuan, Aleks D. Atrens, and Jason R. Stokes. "Liquid crystal hydroglass formed via phase separation of nanocellulose colloidal rods." Soft Matter 15, no. 8 (2019): 1716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02288g.

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Liquid crystal hydroglass: under a specific solution environment, aqueous suspensions of cellulose colloidal rods phase separate into a colloid-rich attractive glass matrix and a coexisting liquid crystal phase. This structure allows control over reversibly orientating the colloidal rods through shear forces, which achieves a persistent flow-programmable directional order to the liquid crystal phase.
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Ma, Qing Lan, and Yuan Ming Huang. "Phase Separation in Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Device." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.763.

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Polymer dispersed liquid crystal device was prepared by the method of polymerization induced phase separation. The phase separation in our PDLC device was characterized by a polarized optical microscope. Our results demonstrated that the phase-separated droplets in our PDLC device presented the four-brush radial, bipolar and axial configurations. Furthermore, these configurations were simulated by mathematica tool
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Spivak, B. "Phase separation in the two-dimensional electron liquid in MOSFETs." Journal de Physique IV 12, no. 9 (November 2002): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:20020432.

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We show that the existence of an intermediate phase between the Fermi liquid and the Wigner crystal phases is a generic property of the two-dimensional pure electron liquid in MOSFET's at zero temperature. The physical reason for the existence of the phases is a partial separation of the uniform phases. We discuss properties of these phases and a possible explanation of experimental results on transport properties of low density electron gas in MOSFET's. We also argue that in certain range of parameters the partial phase separation corresponds to a supersolid phase discussed in [25].
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Yang, Man, Chunyan Liu, and Kongshuang Zhao. "Concentration dependent phase behavior and collapse dynamics of PNIPAM microgel by dielectric relaxation." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 23 (2017): 15433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01378g.

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Concentration dependent phase behavior of microgel: the dense system underwent a phase transition from colloidal crystal to liquid and to phase separation (above); the dilute system only underwent a transition from liquid to phase separation (below).
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Zeng, Jia, Fengtao Suo, and Yong Huang. "Phase separation of the liquid crystal in the cholesterin phase." Polymer Bulletin 46, no. 1 (February 22, 2001): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890170092.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid-liquid crystal phase separation"

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Wang, Shujun. "Liquid-liquid phase separation in an isorefractive polyethylene blend monitored by crystallization kinetics and crystal-decorated phase morphologies." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1226680911.

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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Polymer Science, 2008.
"December, 2008." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 12/29/2008) Advisor, Stephen Z. D. Cheng; Committee members, Alexei Sokolov, Darrell H. Reneker, Gustavo A. Carri, Thein Kyu; Department Chair, Ali Dhinojwala; Dean of the College, Stephen Z. D. Cheng; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Wang, Shujun. "Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in an Isorefractive Polethylene Blend Monitored by Crystallization Kinetics and Crystal-Decorated Phase Morphologies." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1226680911.

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JUSTICE, RYAN SCOTT. "INTERFACE MORPHOLOGY AND PHASE SEPARATION IN POLYMER DISPERSED LIQUID CRYSTAL (PDLC) COMPOSITES." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1163783056.

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Colas, Clémentine. "Bio-inspired synthetic crystals." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASF044.

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Les biominéraux calcaires présentent une grande variété de formes et de fonctions biologiques, mais également un certain nombre de traits structuraux communs. En particulier, ils apparaissent, dans leur grande majorité, comme formés d'un assemblage de nanoparticules cristallines sphéroïdales, tout en ayant des propriétés cristallines voisines de celles d'un monocristal. La compacité de cette nanostructure suggère l'existence d'un transitoire liquide précédant la formation d'un état amorphe, quant à lui démontré dans un certain nombre de cas. Le chemin de cristallisation, qui mettrait ainsi en jeu des états intermédiaires typiques des processus de cristallisation dits non-classiques, n'est pas entièrement établi à ce jour. En particulier, l'existence d'une phase liquide enrichie en ions reste complexe à démontrer in vivo. Afin d'évaluer la pertinence d'une telle hypothèse, une approche basée sur un modèle synthétique incluant une phase liquide dense a été utilisée. Des films de carbonate de calcium amorphes d'épaisseur sub-micronique ont été produits par diffusion de CO₂ gazeux dans une solution calcique en présence de polyelectrolyte anionique. Le mécanisme de formation des films, associant le développement d'un motif 2D par séparation de phase liquide-liquide et l'agrégation irréversible de nanoparticules amorphes formées en solution, a été démontré. Les films amorphes ont été cristallisés par chauffage, exposition à une humidité relative contrôlée, ou vieillissement dans le milieu réactionnel. La caractérisation de ces cristaux 2D, notamment par ptychographie de Bragg, a permis de décrire les mécanismes de transition amorphe-cristal et préciser les propriétés cristallines pour chaque condition de cristallisation. Certains cristaux présentent des propriétés très semblables aux cristaux biogéniques, appuyant ainsi l'hypothèse d'un intermédiaire liquide dans la biominéralisation calcaire
Calcareous biominerals present a great variety of forms and biological functions, but also a number of common structural features. In particular, they appear, in their great majority, to be formed by an assembly of spheroidal crystalline nanoparticles, while having crystalline properties close to those of a single crystal. The compactness of this nanostructure suggests the existence of a liquid transient prior to the formation of an amorphous state, which has been evidenced in a number of cases. The crystallisation pathway, which would involve intermediate states typical of so-called non-classical crystallisation processes, is not yet fully established. In particular, the existence of an ion-enriched liquid phase remains complex to demonstrate in vivo. In order to assess the relevance of such a hypothesis, an approach based on a synthetic model including a dense liquid phase was used. Amorphous calcium carbonate films of sub-micron thickness were produced by CO₂ gas diffusion in a calcium solution in the presence of anionic polyelectrolyte. The mechanism of film formation, combining the development of a 2D pattern by liquid-liquid phase separation and the irreversible aggregation of amorphous nanoparticles formed in solution, was demonstrated. The amorphous films were crystallized by heating, exposure to controlled relative humidity, or aging in the reaction medium. The characterization of these 2D crystals, in particular by Bragg ptychography, has made it possible to describe the amorphous-crystal transition mechanisms and to specify the crystalline properties for each crystallization condition. Some crystals show properties very similar to biogenic crystals, thus supporting the hypothesis of a liquid intermediate in calcareous biomineralization
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DI, LEO SIMONE. "SELECTIVE ASSEMBLY, PHASE TRANSITIONS AND MOLECULAR KINETICS OF DNA OLIGOMERS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/923222.

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In the last few years it has been shown that the spontaneous self-assembly process of short DNA and RNA duplexes into liquid crystal ordering is a likely potential route that led to the formation of first nucleic acids able to support biological activities. In particular, it has been experimentally demonstrated that liquid crystal domains behave as suitable micro-reactors to trigger polymerization between the stacked and not initially chemically linked short nucleic acids. Even paired mononucleotides at high enough concentration exhibit liquid crystal ordering, unveiling the crucial role of Watson-Crick selectivity and stacking attractive interactions among base pairs. In such a possible prebiotic context, DNA sequences with both random nucleobases sequence and length are likely to be formed. Surprisingly, it has been shown that even random DNA sequence of fixed length can support liquid crystal ordering at high concentration. The aim of this PhD thesis is to extend the knowledge of DNA liquid crystals self-assembly in the following four directions. First, I explored the selectivity of interaction in nucleic acids solutions of random-sequence DNA oligomers of different length L. The combination of experimental results and a suitable developed theoretical model revealed a not negligible percentage of perfect duplexes. Second, I investigated the process that leads to the onset of the nematic liquid crystal phase in aqueous solutions of DNA duplexes. The combination of static light scattering experiments and computer simulations made possible the study of both aggregation and local ordering of DNA duplexes in the isotropic phase, where no positional order is developed, and in proximity of the isotropic-nematic phase boundary. This study gives an insight of the role on the development of local orientational order among DNA duplexes both far and in proximity of the isotropic-nematic phase boundary. Third, I studied the diffusion of short DNA duplexes with attractive and repulsive interactions in the isotropic phase as a function of temperature. I found that the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients reflects via an Arrhenius law the interduplex attractive interactions, whereas diffusion of repulsive duplexes is partially well described in terms of repulsive hard spheres. Fourth, I investigated phase diagrams of mixtures of DNA single strands and duplexes with various polycations that show liquid-liquid phase separations. This phenomena leads to the onset of a concentrated but still liquid phase of polyelectrolytes, called coacervate, in a bulk phase where polyelectrolytes are diluted. The most surprising result I found, it is the insurgence of liquid crystals in coacervates with 12 nucleobases long random DNA oligomers and polylysine at different ionic strengths. I believe that this PhD thesis adds important pieces to the self-assembly of nucleic acids puzzle, and in particular it shows how randomness of nucleic acids is not an impasse to both hybridization of defectless duplexes and liquid crystal ordering.
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Khanal, Kiran. "Liquid-Crystalline Ordering in Semiflexible Polymer Melts and Blends: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1373901748.

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Nilsson, Peter. "Interaction between Crosslinked Polyelectrolyte Gels and Oppositely Charged Surfactants." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Pharmacy, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8216.

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The interactions between anionic, crosslinked gels and cationic surfactants have been investigated. When exposed to oppositely charged surfactant, the gel collapses into a dense complex of polyion and micelles. During deswelling, the gel phase separates into a micelle-rich, collapsed surface phase, and a swollen, micelle-free core, both still part of the same network. As more surfactant is absorbed, the surface phase grows at the expense of the core, until the entire gel has collapsed. Polyacrylate (PA) gels with dodecyl- (C12TAB), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C16TAB), as well as hyaluronate gels with cetylpyridinium chloride, have been studied.

Kinetic experiments have been performed on macro- as well as microgels, using micromanipulator assisted light microscopy for the latter. A surfactant diffusion controlled deswelling model has been employed to describe the deswelling. The deswelling kinetics of PA microgels have been shown to be controlled by surfactant diffusion through the stagnant layer surrounding the gel, as the surface phase is relatively thin for the major part of the deswelling. For macroscopic PA gels the surface phase is thicker, and the kinetics with C12TAB were therefore also influenced by diffusion through the surface phase, while for C16TAB they were dominated by it.

Relevant parameters have also been determined using equilibrium experiments. An irregular, balloon-forming deswelling pattern, mainly found for macrogels, as well as unexpectedly long lag times and slow deswelling for microgels, are reported and discussed.

The microstructure of fully collapsed PA/C12TAB complexes has been studied using small-angle X-ray scattering. A cubic Pm3n structure was found at low salt concentration, which melted into a disordered micellar phase as the salt concentration was increased. Further increasing the salt concentration dissolved the micelles, resulting in no ordering.

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You, Yuan. "Liquid-liquid phase separation in atmospherically relevant particles." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50466.

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Aerosol particles containing both organic material and inorganic salts are abundant in the atmosphere. These particles may undergo phase transitions when the relative humidity fluctuates between high and low values in the atmosphere. This dissertation focuses on liquid-liquid phase separation in atmospherically relevant mixed organic-inorganic salt particles. Liquid-liquid phase separation has potentially important implications in chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. A humidity and temperature controlled flow cell coupled to either an optical, fluorescence, or Raman microscope was used to study the occurrence of liquid-liquid phase separation and the phase separation relative humidity (SRH) of particles containing atmospherically relevant organic species mixed with inorganic salts. Organic species in the particles studied include single organic species, such as carboxylic acids, alcohols, and oxidized aromatic compounds, as well as complex laboratory-produced secondary organic material. Material directly collected from the atmospheric environment was also studied. In this dissertation, the effects of oxygen-to-carbon elemental ratio (O:C) of the organic species, salt types, molecular weight of the organic species, and temperature on the occurrence of liquid-liquid phase separation and SRH were studies. The oxygenic-to-carbon elemental ratio was a useful parameter for predicting liquid-liquid phase separation and SRH. Liquid-liquid phase separation did not depend strongly on the molecular weight of the organic species or temperature. The correlation between SRH and O:C in particles containing organic species mixed with different salts were qualitatively similar. Results of this research will help improve the understanding of liquid-liquid phase separation in the atmospheric aerosols, and may, in turn, improve simulations and predictions of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Supplementary materials: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50970
Science, Faculty of
Chemistry, Department of
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Vliet, Roland Edward van. "Polymer-solvent liquid-liquid phase separation thermodynamics, simulations & applications /." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : Instituut voor Technische Scheikunde, Universiteit van Amsterdam] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/64948.

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Mercer, Carolyn Regan. "Liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187127.

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A new instrument, the liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer (LCPDI), has been developed for the measurement of phase objects. This instrument maintains the compact, robust design of Linnik's point diffiaction interferometer (PDI) and adds to it phase stepping capability for quantitative interferogram analysis. The result is a compact, simple to align, environmentally insensitive interferometer capable of accurately measuring optical wavefronts with very high data density and with automated data reduction. This dissertation describes the theory of both the PDI and liquid crystal phase control. The design considerations for the LCPDI are presented, including manufacturing considerations. The operation and performance of the LCPDI are discussed, including sections regarding alignment, calibration, and amplitude modulation effects. The LCPDI is then demonstrated using two phase objects: a defocus difference wavefront, and a temperature distribution across a heated chamber filled with silicone oil. The measured results are compared to theoretical or independently measured results and show excellent agreement. A computer simulation of the LCPDI was performed to verify the source of observed periodic phase measurement error. The error stems from intensity variations caused by dye molecules rotating within the liquid crystal layer. Methods are discussed for reducing this error. Algorithms are presented which reduce this error; they are also useful for any phase-stepping interferometer that has unwanted intensity fluctuations, such as those caused by unregulated lasers. It is expected that this instrument will have application in the fluid sciences as a diagnostic tool, particularly in space based applications where autonomy, robustness, and compactness are desirable qualities. It should also be useful for the testing of optical elements, provided a master is available for comparison.
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Books on the topic "Liquid-liquid crystal phase separation"

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Materials and Applications. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The effect of liquid-liquid phase separation of glass on the properties and crystallization behavior. Washington D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. The effect of liquid-liquid phase separation of glass on the properties and crystallization behavior. Washington D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Jaison, P. G. Rapid separation of lanthanides by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2001.

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Katherine, Creath, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Defocus measurement using a liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Glass-ceramic materials: Liquid phase separation, nucleation, and crystallization in glasses. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1986.

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Peter, Capper, and Mauk Michael, eds. Liquid phase epitaxy of electronic, optical, and optoelectronic materials. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Wiley, 2007.

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Yeh, T. T. A computer code for gas-liquid two-phase vortex motions: GLVM. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Yeh, T. T. A computer code for gas-liquid two-phase vortex motions: GLVM. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid-liquid crystal phase separation"

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Gray, Derek G. "Phase Separation of Polymeric Liquid Crystals Based on Cellulose." In Polymeric Liquid Crystals, 369–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2299-1_23.

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McIntyre, William D., and David S. Soane. "Optical Data Storage Using Phase Separation of Polymer-Liquid Crystal Mixtures." In Polymers in Information Storage Technology, 21–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0843-0_3.

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Bianconi, A., and M. Missori. "The Coupling of a Wigner Polaronic Charge Density Wave with a Fermi Liquid Arising from the Instability of a Wigner Polaron Crystal: A Possible Pairing Mechanism in High T c Superconductors." In Phase Separation in Cuprate Superconductors, 272–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78805-5_20.

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Smolková-Keulemansová, Eva, and Ladislav Soják. "Gas Chromatographic Separation of Structural Isomers on Cyclodextrin and Liquid Crystal Stationary Phases." In ACS Symposium Series, 247–59. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0342.ch014.

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Kyu, Thein, I. Ilies, C. Shen, and Z. L. Zhou. "Thermal-Induced Phase Separation in a Mixture of Functional Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Low-Molar-Mass Liquid Crystals." In ACS Symposium Series, 201–15. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1996-0632.ch013.

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Papkov, S. P. "Phase Equilibria in Polymer Systems Containing a Liquid-Crystalline Phase." In Liquid-Crystal Polymers, 39–70. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1103-2_2.

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Vere, A. W. "Growth from the Liquid Phase." In Crystal Growth, 67–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9897-5_4.

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Gama, M. M. Telo. "Liquid Crystal Interfaces." In Observation, Prediction and Simulation of Phase Transitions in Complex Fluids, 243–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0065-6_6.

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Lamorgese, A. G., and R. Mauri. "Phase Separation of Liquid Mixtures." In Nonlinear Dynamics and Control in Process Engineering — Recent Advances, 139–52. Milano: Springer Milan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2208-9_9.

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Dost, Sadik. "Liquid-Phase Electroepitaxy of Semiconductors." In Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth, 967–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74761-1_29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid-liquid crystal phase separation"

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Choi, Yeongyu, Tae-Hoon Yoon, Byeong-Hun Yu, Tae-Hoon Choi, and Seung-Won Oh. "Formation of polymer structure by thermally-induced phase separation in a dye-doped liquid crystal cell." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies XIV, edited by Liang-Chy Chien. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2511087.

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Grosicka, E., and Maria Mucha. "Phase separation in liquid crystal polymer composites." In XIII International Conference on Liquid Crystals: Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, edited by Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, Jolanta Rutkowska, Jerzy Zielinski, and Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.385716.

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Urban, Stanislaw, B. Gestblom, and Roman S. Dabrowski. "Separation of two main dielectric relaxation processes in the nematic and isotropic phase of 6BAP(F) (1-[4-(hexylbicyclo[2,2,2]octyl]-2-(3-fluoro-4- methoxyphenyl)ethane)." In Liquid Crystals, edited by Jolanta Rutkowska, Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, Jerzy Zielinski, and Jozef Zmija. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.299971.

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Nós, Rudimar Luiz, Hector Daniel Ceniceros, and Alexandre Megiorin Roma. "3D simulations of phase separation with a liquid crystal component." In CNMAC 2016 - XXXVI Congresso Nacional de Matemática Aplicada e Computacional. SBMAC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/03.2017.005.01.0311.

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Park, Jae-Hong, Iam Choon Khoo, and Sin-Doo Lee. "Binary phase gratings in liquid crystal-polymer composites using anisotropic phase separation method." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2004.fwh21.

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Mucha, Maria, and Z. Krolikowski. "Kinetics study of phase separation in polyacrylic acid/nematic LC system by optical technique." In XIV Conference on Liquid Crystals, Chemistry, Physics, and Applications, edited by Jolanta Rutkowska, Stanislaw J. Klosowicz, and Jerzy Zielinski. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.472197.

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Yoon, Won-Jin, Yu-Jin Choi, Dong-Gue Kang, Keuk-Cheon Bang, and Kwang-Un Jeong. "Automatic Vertical Alignment Layers by Phase-Separation of Polymerizable Amphiphilic Molecules from Liquid Crystal." In The 3rd World Congress on Recent Advances in Nanotechnology. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/icnnfc18.126.

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Jisha, Chandroth P., Kuei-Chu Hsu, YuanYao Lin, Ja-Hon Lin, Kai-Ping Chuang, Chao-Yi Tai, and Ray-Kuang Lee. "Phase separation and pattern instability of laser-induced polymerization in liquid-crystal-monomer mixtures." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2012.ctu1j.2.

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Li, Lanfang, Carmen Otilia Catanescu, and Liang-Chy Chien. "Dynamics of phase separation and morphology of polymer stabilized liquid crystals." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2008, edited by Liang-Chy Chien. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.767379.

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Hsu, Kuei-Chu, and Ja-Hon Lin. "Ultrashort pulse induced nonlinear photo-polymerization and phase separation in liquid crystal and monomer mixtures." In SPIE MOEMS-MEMS, edited by Winston V. Schoenfeld, Jian Jim Wang, Marko Loncar, and Thomas J. Suleski. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.871443.

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Reports on the topic "Liquid-liquid crystal phase separation"

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Reyes, C. Self-Assembly and Phase Separation for Transport: A brief argument for the continued exploration of liquid crystal flows and electrodeposition in micro-gravity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1828650.

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Liang Hu. CARBON DIOXIDE SEPARATION BY PHASE ENHANCED GAS-LIQUID ABSORPTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890991.

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Liang Hu and Adeyinka A. Adeyiga. CARBON DIOXIDE SEPARATION BY PHASE ENHANCED GAS-LIQUID ABSORPTION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825592.

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Arias, Eduardo, Ivana Moggio, and Ronald Ziolo. Liquid Crystals of Dendron-Like Pt Complexes Processable Into Nanofilms Dendrimers. Phase 2. Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Glass Platinum Acetylides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada619975.

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Schmidt, L. W. Chemically modified polymeric resins for solid-phase extraction and group separation prior to analysis by liquid or gas chromatography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10116845.

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Percec, Virgil, Dimitris Tomazos, and Reginal A. Willingham. The Influence of the Polymer Backbone Flexibility on the Phase Transitions of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers Containing 6-(4-Methoxy-Beta-Metylstyryl) Phenoxy)Hexyl Side Groups. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada208821.

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Clifford, D. J., D. E. McKinney, Lei Hou, and P. G. Hatcher. Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of coal liquefaction process streams using normal-phase separation with uv diode array detection. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10143663.

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Jain, N. Analyzing algorithms for nonlinear and spatially nonuniform phase shifts in the liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer. 1998 summer research program for high school juniors at the University of Rochester`s Laboratory for Laser Energetics: Student research reports. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/362525.

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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber, and David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.

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Abstract:
The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.
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Crouch, Rebecca, Jared Smith, Bobbi Stromer, Christian Hubley, Samuel Beal, Guilherme Lotufo, Afrachanna Butler, et al. Preparative, extraction, and analytical methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil or sediment, and tissue matrices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41480.

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No standard method exists for determining levels of insensitive munition (IM) compounds in environmental matrices. This project resulted in new methods of extraction, analytical separation and quantitation of 17 legacy and 7 IM compounds, daughter products of IM, and other munition compounds absent from USEPA Method 8330B. Extraction methods were developed for aqueous (direct-injection and solid-phase extraction [SPE]), soil, sediment, and tissue samples using laboratory-spiked samples. Aqueous methods were tested on 5 water sources, with 23 of 24 compounds recovered within DoD QSM Ver5.2 limits. New solvent extraction (SE) methods enabled recovery of all 24 compounds from 6 soils within QSM limits, and a majority of the 24 compounds were recovered at acceptable levels from 4 tissues types. A modified chromatographic treatment method removed analytical interferences from tissue extracts. Two orthogonal high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) separation methods, along with an HPLC–mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS) method, were developed. Implementing these new methods should reduce labor and supply costs by approximately 50%, requiring a single extraction and sample preparation, and 2 analyses rather than 4. These new methods will support environmental monitoring of IM and facilitate execution of risk-related studies to determine long-term effects of IM compounds.
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