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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid heterogeneous systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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1

Uttormark, Michael J., Michael O. Thompson, Luis A. Báez, and Paulette Clancy. "Solid/Liquid Cluster Recognition in Heterogeneous Systems." Molecular Simulation 11, no. 2-4 (October 1993): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927029308022504.

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2

Bartlewicz, Olga, Izabela Dąbek, Anna Szymańska, and Hieronim Maciejewski. "Heterogeneous Catalysis with the Participation of Ionic Liquids." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 1227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111227.

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This mini-review briefly describes the recent progress in the design and development of catalysts based on the presence of ionic liquids. In particular, the focus was on heterogeneous systems (supported ionic liquid (IL) phase catalysts (SILPC), solid catalysts with ILs (SCILL), porous liquids), which due to the low amounts of ionic liquids needed for their production, eliminate basic problems observed in the case of the employment of ionic liquids in homogeneous systems, such as high price, high viscosity, and efficient isolation from post-reaction mixtures.

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3

Ovchinnikov, A. A., A. A. Shadrin, D. V. Alekseev, and N. A. Nikolaev. "Separation of liquid-liquid and liquid-solid heterogeneous systems in single-flow vortex separators." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 40, no. 4 (July 2006): 411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579506040117.

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4

Akhatov, I. Sh, and V. A. Baikov. "Propagation of sound perturbations in heterogeneous gas-liquid systems." Journal of Engineering Physics 50, no. 3 (March 1986): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00870119.

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5

Леухин, Anatoliy Leukhin, Юнусов, Gubeydulla Yunusov, Кислицына, Nadezhda Kislitsyna, Зиганшин, and Bulat Ziganshin. "JUSTIFICATION OF PULSATION DEVICE MODES FOR DEVISION OF LIQUID FOOD SYSTEMS." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 10, no. 2 (July 14, 2015): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/12054.

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The article is devoted to the substantiation of modes of pulsation apparatus for the separation of liquid heterogeneous food systems. The experimental results were described on the pulsation method for devision of heterogeneous system and apparatus for implementing the process.

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6

Khabibullin, M. Ya. "Improvement of the separation process of liquid heterogeneous systems when collecting formation liquid." Equipment and Technologies for Oil and Gas Complex, no. 3 (2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33285/1999-6934-2020-3(117)-65-69.

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7

Di Menno Di Bucchianico, Daniele, Wander Y. Perez-Sena, Valeria Casson Moreno, Tapio Salmi, and Sébastien Leveneur. "Model Discrimination for Hydrogen Peroxide Consumption towards γ-Alumina in Homogeneous Liquid and Heterogeneous Liquid-Liquid Systems." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081476.

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The use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent becomes increasingly important in chemistry. The example of vegetable oil epoxidation is an excellent illustration of the potential of such an agent. This reaction is traditionally performed by Prileschajew oxidation, i.e., by the in situ production of percarboxylic acids. Drawbacks of this approach are side reactions of ring-opening and thermal runaway reactions due to percarboxylic acid instability. One way to overcome this issue is the direct epoxidation by hydrogen peroxide by using γ-alumina. However, the reaction mechanism is not elucidated: does hydrogen peroxide decompose with alumina or oxidize the hydroxyl groups at the surface? The kinetics of hydrogen peroxide consumption with alumina in homogeneous liquid and heterogeneous liquid-liquid systems was investigated to reply to this question. Bayesian inference was used to determine the most probable models. The results obtained led us to conclude that the oxidation mechanism is the most credible for the heterogeneous liquid-liquid system.

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8

Tschapek, M., C. Wasowski, and R. M. Torres Sanchez. "Liquid Junction Potential at the Salt Bridge in Heterogeneous Systems." Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 93, no. 10 (October 1989): 1139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbpc.19890931018.

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9

Ulman, Abraham, Stephen D. Evans, and Ravi Sharma. "Wetting studies of molecularly heterogeneous surfaces using two liquid systems." Thin Solid Films 210-211 (April 1992): 810–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-6090(92)90411-4.

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10

Kulichikhin, V. G., N. N. Avdeev, A. V. Semakov, and N. A. Plat�. "Interphase interaction in heterogeneous polymeric systems containing liquid-crystalline component." Russian Chemical Bulletin 43, no. 11 (November 1994): 1753–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00696299.

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11

Toikka, Maria, and Alexander Toikka. "Peculiarities of phase diagrams of reactive liquid–liquid systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 1 (October 5, 2012): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-05-07.

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The goal of this work is to consider some peculiarities of heterogeneous systems with chemical interactions. The main task is to analyze the features of liquid–liquid (LL) phase diagrams of the systems with equilibrium and nonequilibrium chemical reaction in solution. The consideration of topology of these phase diagrams should include additional elements, such as stoichiometric lines, chemical equilibrium (CE), and isoaffinity manifolds (i.e., curves, surfaces, or hypersurfaces of constant affinity). The thermodynamic conditions of mutual disposition of LL tie-lines, isoaffinity, and stoichiometric lines in ternary system are presented in the paper. Quaternary mixtures are discussed with the use of our experimental data on the solubility in the systems with ethyl acetate and n-propyl acetate synthesis reactions. The binodal and CE surfaces in these systems are presented. The opportunity of simultaneous LL and CE is discussed. The special aim is to consider the critical surfaces in these systems: the examples are presented on the basis of our experimental data.

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12

Kosmulski, M., M. Jaroniec, and J. Szczypa. "Liquid/Solid Interfaces: Studies of Kinetics of Isotope Exchange." Adsorption Science & Technology 2, no. 2 (June 1985): 97–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748500200204.

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Many radiotracer methods based on the phenomenon of isotope exchange are used in the studies of interfaces. These methods enable an investigation of heterogeneous systems at equilibrium. Studies of the kinetics of isotope exchange also give valuable information about systems in which ions appearing in the solution are at the equilibrium state with the same ions adsorbed on the solid particles or built into their crystalline lattice. Such systems, in which the solids are either ionic crystals or ion-exchanger beads, are taken into account in the present paper. In spite of wide applications, the phenomenon of heterogeneous isotope exchange is rather poorly understood and the fragmentary results reported in the literature do not lead to unambigous conclusions concerning the mechanism of this phenomenon. In the present review, the theoretical models of isotope exchange are discussed and compared with experimental results. The results are also discussed with respect to enlargement of applications of isotope exchange to investigation of heterogeneous systems, e.g. containing porous solid particles.

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13

Priyananda, Pramith, Brian S. Hawkett, and Gregory G. Warr. "Controlling the Locus of Bubble Nucleation by Dissolved Gases in Heterogeneous Liquid−Liquid Systems." Langmuir 26, no. 2 (January 19, 2010): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la902309f.

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14

Martinez Riascos, Carlos Arturo, and Libardo Estupiñan Perez. "Conceptual analysis of single-feed heterogeneous distillation columns." Ingeniería e Investigación 35, no. 2 (August 5, 2015): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v35n2.49247.

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<p class="Abstractandkeywordscontent">Separation in heterogeneous distillation columns is attained by interaction of two liquid and one vapor phases, interaction of three phases involves complexities due to the determination of vapor-liquid-liquid equilibrium and hence, in the design of separation units. Nevertheless, the liquid-liquid equilibrium allows developing separations that may be unfeasible by vapor-liquid equilibrium. In this way, heterogeneous azeotropic distillation is a useful operation for the separation of azeotropic and close-boiling mixtures. In this work, a new methodology for evaluating the feasibility of this process is developed. This methodology is an extension of that proposed by Castillo <em>et al</em>. (1998) for homogeneous systems. Operation leaves for heterogeneous systems are calculated using the concept of pinch point curves in order to establish the process feasibility. Heterogeneous columns with external decanter are considered as the only heterogeneous stage (OHED: only heterogeneous external decanter). The initialization process for the column calculation requires the selection of the distillate composition using thermodynamic criteria in order to guarantee homogeneous phases within the column. A system with industrial and academic relevance was considered as case study: water-acetic acid-amyl acetate. Results show that the developed shortcut method allows evaluating process feasibility and estimating design parameters, without the use of trial and error procedures implemented, with the aid of simulation tools.</p><div> </div>

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15

Migas, P. "High-Temperatures Rheometric Analysis Of Selected Heterogeneous Slag Systems." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0194.

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Abstract It is known that the dynamic viscosity coefficient of slag – with an increased titanium compounds content in the reducing conditions of the blast furnace - may rapidly change. The products of the reduction reaction, precipitation and separation of titanium compounds are responsible for the thickening effect of the slag and the problems of permeability of blast furnace, causing anomalies in the dipping zone. The presence of solid components (particles) in the melts determines the rheological character of the entire system. Identifying the rheological character of semi-solid slag systems provides opportunities for the development of mathematical modeling of liquid phase flows in a dripping zone of the blast furnace, allowing e.g to indentify the unstable parts of a metallurgical aggregate. Author have performed study of synthetic aluminosilicates slag concentration of TiO2 in the range up to 30%, systems were doped solids TiN also, it was made in order to assess the impact of the type forming areas/units of the SRO nature on the rheological identification mentioned systems. The high-temp rheometric measurements were performed at temperatures in the range between 1310-1490°C. The obtained results made it possible to carry out the rheological characteristics of analyzed liquid and semi-solid slag systems.

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16

Serafimov, L. A., and D. I. Bushina. "Folds on the temperature surfaces of heterogeneous multicomponent liquid-vapor systems." Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering 42, no. 3 (June 2008): 278–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040579508030081.

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17

Bezrodna, T., G. Puchkovska, V. Shimanovska, and T. Gavrilko. "Liquid–solid surface interactions in some heterogeneous systems based on nitrobenzene." Journal of Molecular Structure 615, no. 1-3 (September 2002): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(02)00209-0.

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18

Khabibullin, M. Ya. "Improving the Efficiency of the Separation Process of Liquid Heterogeneous Systems." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 56, no. 7-8 (November 2020): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10556-020-00819-3.

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19

Novák, Josef P., Jaroslav Matouš, and Jiří Pick. "Liquid-liquid equilibrium. Applicability of the Redlich-Kister, NRTL and LEMF equations to heterogeneous systems." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 50, no. 3 (1985): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19850697.

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The limits of applicability of the Redlich-Kister, NRTL and LEMF equations when applied to heterogeneous systems are specified. These limits follow from the requirement of solvability of relations of the equality of activities in coexisting phases on the one hand and of the monotonous dependence of activity coefficients on the other hand.

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20

Boskovic-Vragolovic, Nevenka, Radmila Garic-Grulovic, Zeljko Grbavcic, and Rada Pjanovic. "A mass transfer heterogeneous in systems by the adsorption method." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 15, no. 1 (2009): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0901025b.

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A mass transfer coefficient between: A liquid and single sphere and a liquid And a column wall in packed and fluidized beds of a spherical inert Particle have been studied experimentally using the adsorption method. The experiments were conducted in a column 40 mm in diameter for packed and fluidized beds, and in a two-dimensional column 140 mm?10 mm for the flow past single sphere. In all runs, the mass transfer rates were determined in the presence of spherical glass particles, 3 mm in diameter, for packed and fluidized beds. The mass transfer data were obtained by studying transfer for flow past single sphere, 20 mm in diameter. This paper discusses the possibilities of application of the adsorption method for fluid flow visualization. Local and average mass transfer coefficients were determined from the color intensity of the surface of the foils of silica gel. Correlations, Sh = f(Re) and jD = f(Re), were derived using the mass transfer coefficient data.

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21

Campanella, Alejandrina, and Miguel A. Baltanás. "Degradation of the oxirane ring of epoxidized vegetable oils in liquid–liquid heterogeneous reaction systems." Chemical Engineering Journal 118, no. 3 (May 2006): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.01.010.

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22

Ostrovsky, Mikhail V., and Robert J. Good. "Mass transfer and dynamic liquid—liquid interfacial tension. 4. Relaxation processes in nonequilibrium multicomponhent heterogeneous systems." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 124, no. 1 (July 1988): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(88)90344-x.

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23

Jeon, Byoung-jin, Dan T. Nguyen, Gabrielle R. Abraham, Nathaniel Conrad, Deborah K. Fygenson, and Omar A. Saleh. "Salt-dependent properties of a coacervate-like, self-assembled DNA liquid." Soft Matter 14, no. 34 (2018): 7009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm01085d.

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Liquid DNA droplets, made of self-assembled DNA particles (‘nanostars’), show salt-dependent viscosity, self-diffusion, and surface tension due mainly to basepairing thermodynamics. Yet, certain aspects indicate a heterogeneous liquid structure. These results are compared to other coacervate systems.

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24

Li, Dong Gang, Qiang Wang, Kai Wang, Chun Wu, Guo Jian Li, and Ji Cheng He. "Diffusion Behavior and Interfacial Reaction of Heterogeneous Metal Systems Controlled by High Magnetic Fields." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2910.

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The interdiffusion behaviors and interfacial reaction in solid Cu/solid Ni, liquid Bi/solid Bi0.4Sb0.6, liquid Al/solid Cu, and gas Al/solid Cu diffusion couples have been experimentally studied under a high magnetic field of up to 12T. The effects of magnetic flux density and the direction of magnetic field (B) on the evolution of interfacial microstructure (including interfacial migration, phase composition and thickness of diffusion layers) have been examined systematically. We found that (1) The shift distance of Kirkendall marker and the inter-diffusion coefficient in solid Cu/solid Ni diffusion couples increased with increasing magnetic flux density in case of the direction of diffusion parallel toB; (2) The migration of the Bi/Bi0.4Sb0.6interface due to the self-diffusion of the liquid metal into the solid alloy decreased markedly with the increase of magnetic flux density; (3) High magnetic fields exerted a non-monotonic influence on the thickness of diffusion layers during the reactive diffusion process between liquid Al and solid Cu; (4) The application of a high magnetic field during chemical reactive-diffusion process of gas Al/solid Cu system induced a significant change in the final products.

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25

Kierzkowska-Pawlak, Hanna. "Determination of Kinetics in Gas-Liquid Reaction Systems. An Overview." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0014-y.

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Determination of Kinetics in Gas-Liquid Reaction Systems. An Overview The aim of this paper is to present a brief review of the determination methods of reaction kinetics in gas-liquid systems with a special emphasis on CO2 absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions. Both homogenous and heterogeneous experimental techniques are described with the corresponding theoretical background needed for the interpretation of the results. The case of CO2 reaction in aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine is discussed as an illustrative example. It was demonstrated that various measurement techniques and methods of analyzing the experimental data can result in different expressions for the kinetic rate constants.

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26

Hayashi, Yamato, Hirotsugu Takizawa, Yoshitaka Saijo, Tohru Sekino, Katsuaki Suganuma, and Koichi Niihara. "Fabrication and Applications of Nano-Metal Particle Composites by Ultrasonic Eco-Process." Key Engineering Materials 317-318 (August 2006): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.317-318.231.

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Nano-sized metal particles have recently attracted considerable interest owing to their application potential. Such particles can be synthesized using physical and chemical methods. In this study, nano-sized noble metals were synthesized through the reaction of metal oxides by ultrasonic. This means that the chemical reactions which take place under conventional conditions can be accelerated by ultrasonic cavitations. In general, the chemical effects of ultrasonic irradiation fall into three areas: homogeneous sonochemical efffects of liquids, heterogeneous sonochemical effects of liquid-liquid or liquid-solid systems, and sonocatalytic effects. It has been proposed that liquid-liquid systems are used for the fabrication of nano-metal particles in the past. In this study, the fabrication of nano-metal particles and supported composites was investigated for the liquid-solid system from a viewpoint of economy and ecology. By choosing suitable conditions, it is reasonable to expect that these simple ultrasonic processes can be extended to obtain nano-sized metal particles. Thus applications by using these reactions were investigated to prepare the nano-sized metal particle supported materials, and mechanisms were investigated.

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27

Šedivý, Dominik, Simona Fialová, Roman Klas, and Michal Kotek. "FSI Computation and Experimental Verification of Fluid Flow in Flexible Tubes." Measurement Science Review 20, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/msr-2020-0013.

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AbstractPresented paper is focused on the experimental and computational study of fluid flow in pipes with flexible walls. One possible real example of this phenomenon is the blood flow in arteries or their substitutes in the human body. The artery material itself should be understood as anisotropic and heterogeneous. Therefore, the experiment was carried out on the deforming tube, made of silicone (polydimethylsiloxane - PDMS). Obtained results and observed events were verified by numerical FSI simulations. Due to the large deformations occurring during loading of the tube, it was necessary to work with a dynamic mesh in the CFD part. Based on experimental testing of the tube material, a non-Hookean and Mooney-Rivlin material model were considered. Blood flowing in vessels is a heterogeneous liquid and exhibits non-Newtonian properties. In the real experimental stand has been somewhat simplified. Water, chosen as the liquid, belongs to the Newtonian liquids. The results show mainly comparisons of unsteady velocity profiles between the experiment and the numerical model.

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28

Yao, Wenhui, Huiyong Wang, Yuanchao Pei, Yuehua Chen, Zhiyong Li, and Jianji Wang. "Homogeneous capture and heterogeneous separation of proteins by PEG-functionalized ionic liquid–water systems." RSC Advances 7, no. 19 (2017): 11297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28483c.

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29

Makarenko, A. A. "RESEARCH OF THE APPLICATION EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT CONSTRUCTIONS OF FLOW CAVITATION MIXERS." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 41, no. 1 (October 25, 2018): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2019.10.

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The material which is accumulated for today about the application of hydrodynamic cavitation in technological processes makes it possible to determine the perspective areas of its use - in the processes of mass transfer, mixing, dissolution, dispersion and emulsification in the processing of liquid heterogeneous systems and the creation of modern energy-saving technologies. The purpose of this article is to study the effectiveness of the use of different designs of flow cavitation mixers for the treatment of liquid heterogeneous disperse systems and to identify the main industries for their use. Cavitational apparatus can be effectively used in performing such technological processes as mixing difficult to mix liquids, dissolving solids in liquids, obtaining stable, multicomponent high dispersion emulsions without using of stabilizers, dispersing suspensions in liquid-liquid systems, accelerating extraction and diffusion, and many others. Hydrodynamic cavitation can be used in technologies to produce lubricants, fuel materials, varnishes and paints, building materials, detergents, etc. Different designs of cavitation devices allow to obtain different forms of cavitation, different ways of obtaining it or their combination, depending on the purpose and field of use. Apparatus whose action is based on the use of hydrodynamic cavitation represent an effective equipment that accelerates technological processes in liquid media while significantly reducing the specific energy consumption. The structures of hydrodynamic cavitation devices provide multiple rearrangements of the velocity field and change the direction of fluid flow and mix components. The main feature of the devices is small dimensions with high performance. Distinctive features of this type of equipment are ensuring the continuity of the chemical-technological process and its high intensification, the possibility of realizing large quantities of deformations and strain of displacement, intensive hydrodynamic and cavitation effects, which results in high-quality mixing of components, intensification of diffusion processes, simplicity and reliability of hardware design. The economic efficiency of the application of hydrodynamic cavitational apparatus is determined by the low metal capacity of the equipment, low maintenance and operation costs compared with capacitive mixing equipment.

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30

Xiong, Xiaochao, Jianmin Xing, Xin Li, Xuejing Bai, Wangliang Li, Yuguang Li, and Huizhou Liu. "Enhancement of Biodesulfurization in Two-Liquid Systems by Heterogeneous Expression of Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, no. 7 (February 9, 2007): 2394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02372-06.

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ABSTRACT The vgb gene, encoding Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb), was introduced into a specific desulfurization bacterium, Rhodococcus erythropolis LSSE8-1. The VHb-specific spectrum was observed for the recombinant. Compared to the wild type, the strain bearing vgb showed a higher biomass yield and desulfurizing activity.

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31

Santacesaria, Elio. "Kinetics and transport phenomena in heterogeneous gas-solid and gas-liquid-solid systems." Catalysis Today 34, no. 3-4 (February 1997): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5861(96)00063-6.

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32

Dehabadi, Leila, Abdalla H. Karoyo, and Lee D. Wilson. "Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Study of Biopolymer Adsorption Phenomena in Heterogeneous Solid–Liquid Systems." ACS Omega 3, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 15370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.8b01663.

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33

Rudakov, O. B., E. A. Khorokhordina, and M. A. Preobrazhenskii. "Interfacial tension in cooled heterogeneous liquid acetonitrile–ethyl acetate–isopropanol–water–phenol systems." Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A 91, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 754–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0036024417040240.

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34

Braun, T. "Crystal hydration and vacancy enhanced isotopic exchange reactions in heterogeneous solid-liquid systems." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters 105, no. 1 (May 1986): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02162817.

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35

Kim, Soree, Sang-Won Park, and YounJoon Jung. "Heterogeneous dynamics and its length scale in simple ionic liquid models: a computational study." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 9 (2016): 6486–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp07368e.

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36

Bourouina, Amine, Valérie Meille, and Claude de Bellefon. "About Solid Phase vs. Liquid Phase in Suzuki-Miyaura Reaction." Catalysts 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9010060.

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A critical review of conclusions about the putative heterogeneous mechanism in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling by supported Pd solids is reported. In the first section, the turnover frequencies (TOF) of 20 well-established homogeneous catalysts are shown to be in the range 200 to 1,000,000,000 h − 1 . The evidences used to prove a heterogeneous mechanism are discussed and another interpretation is proposed, hypothesizing that only the leached species are responsible for the catalytic reaction, even at ppb levels. Considering more than 40 published catalytic systems for which liquid phase Pd content have been reported, activities have been computed based on leached Pd concentrations and are shown to be in the range TOF 150 to 70,000,000 h − 1 . Such values are compatible with those found for the well-established homogeneous catalysts which questions the validity of the conclusions raised by many papers about the heterogeneous (solid) nature of Suzuki-Miyaura catalysis. Last, a tentative methodology is proposed which involves the rational use of well-known tests (hot-filtration test, mercury test…) to help to discriminate between homogeneous and heterogeneous mechanisms.

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37

Mukhin, Nikolay, Mykhailo Kutia, Alexander Aman, Ulrike Steinmann, and Ralf Lucklum. "Two-Dimensional Phononic Crystal Based Sensor for Characterization of Mixtures and Heterogeneous Liquids." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 2816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072816.

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We show new approaches to developing acoustic liquid sensors based on phononic crystals. The proposed phononic crystal integrates fluidic elements. A solid block with periodic cylindrical holes contains a defect—a liquid-filled cylindrical cavity. We pay attention to acoustic excitation and the readout of the axisymmetric cylindrical resonator eigenmode of the liquid-filled defect in the middle of the phononic crystal structure. This mode solves the challenge of mechanical energy losses due to liquid viscosity. We also analyze the coupling effects between oscillations of liquid and solid systems and consider coupling issues between piezoelectric transducers and the liquid-filled cavity resonator. The numerical simulation of the propagation of acoustic waves through the phononic crystal sensor was carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics Software. The phononic crystal was made of stainless steel with mechanically drilled holes and was fabricated for experimental verification. We show that a tuning of the solid–liquid vibrational modes coupling is the key to an enhanced level of sensitivity to liquid properties. Besides (homogeneous) water–propanol mixtures, experimental studies were carried out on (disperse) water–fuel emulsions.

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38

Goworek, J. "Effects of Surface Heterogeneity in Adsorption from Binary Solutions on Modified Silica Gels." Adsorption Science & Technology 4, no. 4 (December 1987): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748700400402.

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The adsorption of benzene from cyclohexane solutions on modified silica gels is analysed using expressions derived from the model of adsorption of binary solutions on heterogeneous solid surfaces. The adsorption equation is found to represent the data for several systems and leads to a method for estimating the energetical heterogeneity of the adsorbent surface. The energy distribution functions for investigated systems are calculated. The same adsorption data are analysed using the simple form of isotherm equation for adsorption of binary liquid mixtures on heterogeneous solid surfaces. The results obtained by using two different methods for the same adsorption systems are discussed.

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39

Podkościelny, Przemysław, and Andrzej Dąbrowski. "Statistical Verification of Parameters Describing Liquid Adsorption on Heterogeneous Solid Surfaces." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 6 (November 1, 1999): 1495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.6.1495.

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Abstract A new approach is presented for determining the surface phase capacity and the distribution function in liquid adsorption on heterogeneous solid surfaces. This approach deals with statistical analysis of the errors made by applying the so-called exponential equation of the adsorption isotherm. It is proved that such an analysis, which is suitable for all types of excess experimental isotherms, gives the answer to the dilemma of the reliability of the results obtained by means of the assumed adsorption model. Several experimental systems were analyzed to demonstrate the advantage of our approach.

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40

Piskunov, Maxim, Nikita Shlegel, Svetlana Kralinova, Pavel Tkachenko, and Olga Vysokomornaya. "Interaction times of homogeneous and heterogeneous droplets in gases." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci190928187p.

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In this research, we present the results of experiments measuring the interaction times of colliding liquid droplets in different modes (bounce, coalescence, separation, and disruption). The experiments involve water and typical water-based slurries, emulsions, and solutions. The main experimental parameters are close to those of high-potential gas-vapor-droplet technologies (heat and mass transfer power plants, thermal and flame water treatment systems, and fuel technologies): droplet size 0.1-5 mm; velocities 0.1-10 m/s; liquid temperature 20-80 ?C; impact angle 0-90?; relative volume and mass fractions of liquid and solid additives in water 0-10%. We explore how a set of parameters and effects influence the characteristics of the processes under study. The most important of these parameters are relative droplet velocity, impact angle, impact parameter, and temperature. Using dimensionless linear and angular interaction parameters as well as the Weber, Reynolds and Ohnesorge numbers, we produce interaction mode maps to consider the correlation of the main forces: inertia, surface tension, and viscosity. We determine the interaction times, number, size, and total surface area of the newly formed post-collision droplets and obtain approximations for the experimentally determined functions.

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Grinfeld, Michael, and Pavel Grinfeld. "Finite kinetics effects in the problems of oscillations of two-phase liquid heterogeneous systems." Archive of Applied Mechanics 89, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 545–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00419-018-1488-1.

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42

Šolc, Karel, and Ronald Koningsveld. "Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Multicomponent Polymer Systems. XXVI. Blends of Two Polydisperse Polymers." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 10 (1995): 1689–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19951689.

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A method for computing phase diagrams of polydisperse A/B polymer blends is proposed, based on Flory-Huggins-Staverman thermodynamics, and employed to obtain cloud-point curves (CPCs), shadow curves, spinodals and coexistence curves for a series of systems. Often bimodal CPCs and shadow curves result, even for systems with a concentration-independent interaction parameter g. The importance of coexistence curves, as opposed to CPCs, for judging the A/B miscibility, recently observed in polydisperse blends, is confirmed in this study. Particular attention is here paid to the critical state. Analytical relations are derived for the critical point (CP) and the critical slopes of the CPC and shadow curve, as well as for the criterion of CP stability, all in terms of various molar-mass averages of A and B. The latter criterion then yields conditions for the existence of heterogeneous double CPs and triple CPs, important as markers announcing the proximity of a three-phase region. Interestingly, the sign of the critical CPC slope depends solely on the relative magnitude of the rz/rw ratios for the two polymers A and B. Hence, a CP located at the CPC's top should not be interpreted as a proof of both polymers' monodispersity. The validity of derived analytical relations is confirmed by numerically computed phase diagrams.

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Jankowska-Wajda, M., R. Kukawka, M. Smiglak, and H. Maciejewski. "The effect of the catalyst and the type of ionic liquid on the hydrosilylation process under batch and continuous reaction conditions." New Journal of Chemistry 42, no. 7 (2018): 5229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj04396a.

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Graczová, Elena, Július Surový, and Soňa Bafrncová. "Ternary Corrections in the Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Computation for Three-Component Systems Containing Components of Mixed Solvent N-Methylpyrrolidone-Ethylene Glycol." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 1 (1992): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19920007.

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Presented are the liquid-liquid (L-L) equilibrium data for three-component heterogeneous systems toluene-N-methylpyrrolidone-ethylene glycol, heptane-N-methylpyrrolidone-ethylene glycol and heptane-toluene-ethylene glycol at 50 °C. Equations for the excess Gibbs energy (NRTL. Novák modification of Wilson equation and Redlich-Kister 4th order expansion) extended by ternary universal contribution were employed for correlating the L-L equilibrium data. The binary equation parameters were independently evaluated from the binary equilibrium data. The presented ternary data served for evaluation of parameters of the universal ternary contribution.

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45

Talik, Gabriela, Anna Osial, Mirosława Grymel, and Beata Orlińska. "N-Hydroxyphthalimide on a Polystyrene Support Coated with Co(II)-Containing Ionic Liquid as a New Catalytic System for Solvent-Free Ethylbenzene Oxidation." Catalysts 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10121367.

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The oxidation of ethylbenzene using dioxygen was carried out applying a new catalytic system—heterogeneous N-hydroxyphthalimide (PS-NHPI) coated with an ionic liquid containing CoCl2. The catalytic system represents a combination of solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer (SCILL) and supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) techniques, wherein the resulting system utilizes CoCl2 dissolved in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium octyl sulphate ([emim)][OcOSO3]) ionic liquid phase that is layered onto the solid catalyst support. PS-NHPI was obtained by immobilizing N-hydroxyphthalimide on chloromethyl polystyrene resins by ester bonds. It was observed that novel SCILL/SILP systems significantly improved the selectivity toward acetophenone. We also demonstrate that these systems can be separated from the reaction mixture and recycled without appreciably reducing its activity and selectivity.

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46

Atawa, Bienvenu, Nicolas Couvrat, Frédéric Affouard, Natália T. Correia, Gérard Coquerel, and Allisson Saiter-Fourcin. "Impact of chirality on the amorphous state of conglomerate forming systems: a case study of N-acetyl-α-methylbenzylamine." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 42 (2021): 24282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp03843e.

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The present work aims at addressing the issue of chirality in glassy and liquid states by evaluating its impact on glass forming ability, molecular mobility, heterogeneous equilibrium, and the tendency to form homochiral or heterochiral arrangements.

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47

Atawa, Bienvenu, Nicolas Couvrat, Frédéric Affouard, Natália T. Correia, Gérard Coquerel, and Allisson Saiter-Fourcin. "Impact of chirality on the amorphous state of conglomerate forming systems: a case study of N-acetyl-α-methylbenzylamine." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 42 (2021): 24282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp03843e.

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The present work aims at addressing the issue of chirality in glassy and liquid states by evaluating its impact on glass forming ability, molecular mobility, heterogeneous equilibrium, and the tendency to form homochiral or heterochiral arrangements.

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Delogu, Francesco. "Thermodynamic Phase Transitions in Nanometer-Sized Metallic Systems." Materials Science Forum 653 (June 2010): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.653.31.

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The present chapter deals with the characterization and description of phase transitions in metallic systems with characteristic size down to the nanometer range. In particular, the chapter focuses on the solid-to-liquid transition in nanometer-sized particles. After a short introduction to classical thermodynamics and to the way it copes with the general properties exhibited by nanometer-sized systems, a rapid overview of the state of the art in the field of the solid-to-liquid transition is given. The heterogeneous melting processes taking place in mesoscopic systems are discussed in terms of both classical thermodynamic and numerical simulation approaches. In the former case, attention is focused on the case of mesoscopic Sn particles, for which a relatively large amount of consistent experimental data exists as a consequence of previous calorimetric studies. In the latter case, the behavior of mesoscopic Cu particles is discussed.

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Řehák, Karel, Jaroslav Matouš, Josef P. Novák, and Andreas Heintz. "Phase Equilibria in 4-Methylpentan-2-one-Water and 4-Methylpentan-2-one-4-Methylpentan-2-ol Systems and Their Thermodynamic Description." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 65, no. 9 (2000): 1471–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20001471.

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Liquid-liquid equilibrium and excess enthalpies at 25, 40 and 60 °C were measured for the 4-methylpentan-2-one-water system. Vapour-liquid equilibrium at 115 °C and 99.96 kPa, and excess enthalpies at 25, 40 and 60 °C were determined for the 4-methylpentan-2-one- 4-methylpentan-2-ol system. The data obtained were correlated together with those given in literature using the superposition of the Wilson and Redlich-Kister equation. The correlation procedure utilised also the data on excess enthalpy measured in a heterogeneous region.

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Glagoleva, L. E., N. P. Zatsepilina, M. V. Kopylov, and S. O. Rodionov. "Optimization of the process of mixing liquid-phase heterogeneous products." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-204-210.

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The leading direction in the field of nutrition is the creation of a range of products that contribute to improving health when they are used daily in the diet. The urgency of studying bovine colostrum-colostrum, which is an immune-modeling animal raw material, has been substantiated. Colostrum is a natural source of all the ingredients needed to build immunity. Biologically active substances contained in cow colostrum contribute to: restoration of immunity; restoration of the intestines and stomach; strengthening the nervous system; renewal of brain cells; improving emotional tone and mood; increasing vitality and performance; slowing down the aging process; protection against diseases of the intestines and stomach, cardiovascular system, respiratory tract, diabetes, allergies, osteoporosis and a number of other diseases. Colostrum contains a minimum of 37 immune factors and 8 growth factors that help the body fight disease and promote good health and longevity. The classes of immunoglobulins contained in colostrum, which represent the bulk of whey proteins, have been studied. Colostrum is a limited source of raw materials, its production period is short, there are many opportunities for industrial use, but due to the small amount of raw materials, the market remains undeveloped, with the exception of food additives. Taking into account the extensive therapeutic and medicinal properties of colostrum, its unique composition and properties, its composition and physicochemical properties were investigated, the fractionation parameters were determined using various systems. To process the experimental studies, the STATISTICA 12 software package was used. To obtain the regression equation, the matrix data were processed using the Microsoft Excel 2010 software package. The analysis of the data obtained indicates the possibility and prospects of using colostroma in food production technology.

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