Journal articles: 'Liquid gating'

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Hou, Xu. "Liquid gating membrane." National Science Review 7, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz197.

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Tesler, Alexander B., Zhizhi Sheng, Wei Lv, Yi Fan, David Fricke, Kyoo-Chul Park, Jack Alvarenga, Joanna Aizenberg, and Xu Hou. "Metallic Liquid Gating Membranes." ACS Nano 14, no. 2 (January 29, 2020): 2465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b10063.

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Li, Shi, Jihe Zhao, Xiao Wang, Zhihua Li, Xuefeng Gui, Jiwen Hu, Shudong Lin, and Yuanyuan Tu. "Preparation of polyethylene oxide single crystals via liquid gating technology and morphology design strategy." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, Crystal Engineering and Materials 77, no. 5 (September 18, 2021): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2052520621008076.

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A novel type of liquid gating technology has been developed to prepare a polyethylene oxide (PEO) single-crystal film, and the crystal growth was observed via atomic force microscopy. The self-seeding method has been widely used in the preparation of polymer single crystals, but the mechanism through which single polymer crystals are formed via the combination of liquid gating technology and the self-seeding method remains unclear. To elucidate the mechanism of this process, a series of experiments were conducted in which a dilute polymer solution was sprayed onto a mica substrate to form a single-crystal film through liquid gating technology to study the effect of the crystallization time on the morphology of a thiol PEO (mPEO-SH) crystal. Based on this research, it was found that liquid gating helps to prevent twinning during crystal growth. The combination of liquid gating and self-seeding technology thus provides a new strategy for polymer single-crystal growth.

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Zhang, Rongrong, Jinmei Lei, Jiadai Xu, Hexuan Fu, Yuan Jing, Baiyi Chen, and Xu Hou. "Bioinspired Photo-Responsive Liquid Gating Membrane." Biomimetics 7, no. 2 (April 18, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7020047.

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Stomata in the plant leaves are channels for gas exchange between the plants and the atmosphere. The gas exchange rate can be regulated by adjusting the opening and closing of stoma under the external stimuli, which plays a vital role in plant survival. Under visible light irradiation, the stomata open for gas exchange with the surroundings, while under intense UV light irradiation, the stomata close to prevent the moisture loss of plants from excessive transpiration. Inspired by this stomatal self-protection behavior, we have constructed a bioinspired photo-responsive liquid gating membrane (BPRLGM) through infusing the photo-responsive gating liquid obtained by dissolving the azobenzene-based photo-responsive surfactant molecules (AzoC8F15) in N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) into nylon porous substrate, which can reversibly switch the open/closed states under different photo-stimuli. Theoretical analysis and experimental data have demonstrated that the reversible photoisomerization of azobenzene-based surfactant molecules induces a change in surface tension of the photo-responsive gating liquid, which eventually results in the reversible variation of substantial critical pressure for gas through BPRLGM under alternating UV (PCritical (off)) and visible (PCritical (on)) light irradiations. Therefore, driven by a pressure difference ΔP between PCritical (on) and PCritical (off), the reversible switches on the open/closed states of this photo-responsive liquid gating membrane can be realized under photo-stimuli. This bioinspired membrane with switchable open/closed liquid gating performance under photo-stimuli has the opportunity to be used in the precise and contactless control of microfluidics.

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Perez-Muñoz, Ana M., Pedro Schio, Roberta Poloni, Alejandro Fernandez-Martinez, Alberto Rivera-Calzada, Julio C. Cezar, Eduardo Salas-Colera, et al. "In operando evidence of deoxygenation in ionic liquid gating of YBa2Cu3O7-X." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613006114.

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Field-effect experiments on cuprates using ionic liquids have enabled the exploration of their rich phase diagrams [Leng X, et al. (2011) Phys Rev Lett 107(2):027001]. Conventional understanding of the electrostatic doping is in terms of modifications of the charge density to screen the electric field generated at the double layer. However, it has been recently reported that the suppression of the metal to insulator transition induced in VO2 by ionic liquid gating is due to oxygen vacancy formation rather than to electrostatic doping [Jeong J, et al. (2013) Science 339(6126):1402–1405]. These results underscore the debate on the true nature, electrostatic vs. electrochemical, of the doping of cuprates with ionic liquids. Here, we address the doping mechanism of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7-X (YBCO) by simultaneous ionic liquid gating and X-ray absorption experiments. Pronounced spectral changes are observed at the Cu K-edge concomitant with the superconductor-to-insulator transition, evidencing modification of the Cu coordination resulting from the deoxygenation of the CuO chains, as confirmed by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations. Beyond providing evidence of the importance of chemical doping in electric double-layer (EDL) gating experiments with superconducting cuprates, our work shows that interfacing correlated oxides with ionic liquids enables a delicate control of oxygen content, paving the way to novel electrochemical concepts in future oxide electronics.

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Wang, Zhecun, Xiaoqiu Liu, Jing Guo, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Suobo Zhang, and Shenghai Li. "A liquid-based Janus porous membrane for convenient liquid–liquid extraction and immiscible oil/water separation." Chemical Communications 55, no. 96 (2019): 14486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc07593c.

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A novel liquid-based Janus porous membrane system with self-gating abilities, improved interfacial floatability is used for the practical applications of liquid–liquid extraction and oil/water separation with antifouling behavior.

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ViolBarbosa, Carlos, Julie Karel, Janos Kiss, Ovidiu-dorin Gordan, Simone G. Altendorf, Yuki Utsumi, Mahesh G. Samant, et al. "Transparent conducting oxide induced by liquid electrolyte gating." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 40 (September 19, 2016): 11148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1611745113.

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Optically transparent conducting materials are essential in modern technology. These materials are used as electrodes in displays, photovoltaic cells, and touchscreens; they are also used in energy-conserving windows to reflect the infrared spectrum. The most ubiquitous transparent conducting material is tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), a wide-gap oxide whose conductivity is ascribed to n-type chemical doping. Recently, it has been shown that ionic liquid gating can induce a reversible, nonvolatile metallic phase in initially insulating films of WO3. Here, we use hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry to show that the metallic phase produced by the electrolyte gating does not result from a significant change in the bandgap but rather originates from new in-gap states. These states produce strong absorption below ∼1 eV, outside the visible spectrum, consistent with the formation of a narrow electronic conduction band. Thus WO3 is metallic but remains colorless, unlike other methods to realize tunable electrical conductivity in this material. Core-level photoemission spectra show that the gating reversibly modifies the atomic coordination of W and O atoms without a substantial change of the stoichiometry; we propose a simple model relating these structural changes to the modifications in the electronic structure. Thus we show that ionic liquid gating can tune the conductivity over orders of magnitude while maintaining transparency in the visible range, suggesting the use of ionic liquid gating for many applications.

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Xu, Xue, Jing Liu, Min Cao, Jian Zhang, Xinlu Huang, and Xu Hou. "Self-Oscillating Liquid Gating Membranes with Periodic Gas Transport." Membranes 12, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070642.

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Liquid gating membranes with molecular-level smooth liquid lining layers break through the limitations of traditional porous membrane materials in gas transport control. Owing to the stable, self-healing, and reconfigurable properties, liquid gating membranes have shown wide application prospects in microfluidics, intelligent valves, chemical reactions, and beyond. Here, we develop a periodic gas transport control system based on the self-oscillating liquid gating membrane. Under continuous gas injection, the gas–liquid interface is reversibly deformed, enabling self-oscillating behavior for discontinuous and periodic gas transport without the need for any complex external changes to the original system. Meanwhile, our experimental analysis reveals that the periodic time and periodic gas release in the system can be regulated. Based on the cycle stability of the system, we further demonstrate the controllability of the system for periodic droplet manipulation in microfluidics. Looking forward, it will offer new opportunities for various applications, such as pneumatic robots, gas-involved chemical reactions, droplet microfluidics, and beyond.

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Chimani, Christian, Richard Kretz, Christoph Angermeier, and Christian Gusenbauer. "Investigations on Microstructure Effect of Changing Fluid Flow Characteristic in High Pressure Die Casting." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.8.

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The flow and filling characteristics during injection of liquid aluminum in high pressure die casting is of significant importance for the product quality. As shown in [ the planar jet of liquid aluminum can be triggered by the design of the gating geometry. Depending on the inlet velocity and the gating design the liquid jet will disintegrate at the jet surface by drop formation and the free jet is dominated by atomization at the gating or by wavy disintegration at low flow velocities. Metallography of samples cast utilizing different nozzle designs are discussed with respect to casting inhomogeneities and microstructural changes respectively. These results are compared to numerical studies on the die filling flow characteristics as well as experimentally water modeling approaches.

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Liu, Han Cheng, Hua Wa Yu, Xiang An Yan, and Jun Fang Wu. "Selection of Voltage and Spectral Range in Liquid Crystal Gating." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.406.

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Liquid crystal device (LCD) used as spatial gating apparatus has a lot of new using at low light detecting, imaging spectrum and so on. Since LCD's lattice characteristic, it can come true point gating, local field gating and whole surface gating. It can carry out point-by-point control and feedback of imaging cooperating with CCD detector. Some characteristics of we used LCD, LCX023CMT (SONY), have been detected in order to use conveniently, those include spectra transmittance and which’s changing with gating voltage. The results show that when incident wavelength more than 650nm, this LCD couldn't be used as spatial gating because of polaroid's extinction ratio becoming worse; LCD can modulate the incident light from 400 to 650nm, and the modulates of wavelength range, extent and linearity were related to the modulate voltage clearly. The results indicate that LCD modulates the incident light better and better at voltage more than 2.5V for 550nm; the action modulated become linear with voltage approximately; the modulate extent goes to saturation at voltage more than 5V, and the spectral range modulated is steady in 400-650nm. At voltage more than 5V, transmittance of spectrum is a horizontal beeline almost with incident wavelength range from 400 to 650nm. This indicates that transmittance of spectrum in this range is same, and liquid crystal has none selectivity in colored light. As a result, there is no chromatism between transmitted and incident light. However, because that there is lower transmittance, the reflected light can be used which can ensure not only effective using ratio of light, but also the consistency between reflected and incident light.

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Zhou, Jian, Li Jun Li, Yong Lin Yan, Zhi Wen Wang, and Dong Cheng Zhou. "Agriculture Auto Workpiece Injection Mold Design Based on CAE." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 308–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.308.

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For reducing the mold manufacturing time as soon as possible, CAE technology is used to build work-piece three-dimensional draw, parting surface, gating system is designed, the mold’s moving process being simulated, especially liquid flowing system is emulated. If the parameters are set reasonable, the ideal mold can be made. Keywords:Injection mold; parting surface; gating system; liquid flowing system analysis.

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Chen, Baiyi, Mengchuang Zhang, Yaqi Hou, Huimeng Wang, Rongrong Zhang, Yi Fan, Xinyu Chen, and Xu Hou. "Energy saving thermal adaptive liquid gating system." Innovation 3, no. 3 (May 2022): 100231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100231.

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Wu, Yang, Chan La-o-vorakiat, Xuepeng Qiu, Jingbo Liu, Praveen Deorani, Karan Banerjee, Jaesung Son, Yuanfu Chen, Elbert E. M. Chia, and Hyunsoo Yang. "Graphene Terahertz Modulators by Ionic Liquid Gating." Advanced Materials 27, no. 11 (February 3, 2015): 1874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201405251.

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Kheirabi, Ali, Amir Baghani, Ahmad Bahmani, Morteza Tamizifar, Parviz Davami, Mohsen Ostad Shabani, and Ali Mazahery. "Understanding the occurrence of the surface turbulence in a nonpressurized bottom gating system: Numerical simulation of the melt flow pattern." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 232, no. 3 (December 17, 2015): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420715621930.

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Surface turbulence during the filling of the mold triggers the entrainment of oxide films, which appears to be detrimental to the soundness of the final casting. Nonpressurized and bottom-gating systems have been employed in order to avoid such casting defects by reducing the surface velocity of the liquid metal. However, recent studies have shown that the melt front velocity in the mold entrance may exceed the critical value in the nonpressurized and bottom-gating systems. Therefore, a study was conducted on numerical simulation melt flow pattern in nonpressurized and bottom-gating systems. It was noted that the liquid metal enters the gate and then mold cavity with a higher velocity by formation of dead zones and vortex flows in runner's end. Therefore, the current designs based on conventional gating system ratio seem to be not optimized and unable to avoid the surface turbulence. Numerical results were in complete agreement with experimental observations. Understanding the reasons for occurrence of the surface turbulence in nonpressurized and bottom-gating systems provides information on the required steps to improve the design of the gating systems and minimize the entrainment of oxide films during the filling of the mold.

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Liu, Yayuan, Chun-Man Chow, Katherine R. Phillips, Miao Wang, Sahag Voskian, and T. Alan Hatton. "Electrochemically mediated gating membrane with dynamically controllable gas transport." Science Advances 6, no. 42 (October 2020): eabc1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc1741.

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The regulation of mass transfer across membranes is central to a wide spectrum of applications. Despite numerous examples of stimuli-responsive membranes for liquid-phase species, this goal remains elusive for gaseous molecules. We describe a previously unexplored gas gating mechanism driven by reversible electrochemical metal deposition/dissolution on a conductive membrane, which can continuously modulate the interfacial gas permeability over two orders of magnitude with high efficiency and short response time. The gating mechanism involves neither moving parts nor dead volume and can therefore enable various engineering processes. An electrochemically mediated carbon dioxide concentrator demonstrates proof of concept by integrating the gating membranes with redox-active sorbents, where gating effectively prevented the cross-talk between feed and product gas streams for high-efficiency, directional carbon dioxide pumping. We anticipate our concept of dynamically regulating transport at gas-liquid interfaces to broadly inspire systems in fields of gas separation, miniaturized devices, multiphase reactors, and beyond.

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Sheng, Zhizhi, Honglong Wang, Yongliang Tang, Miao Wang, Lizhi Huang, Lingli Min, Haiqiang Meng, Songyue Chen, Lei Jiang, and Xu Hou. "Liquid gating elastomeric porous system with dynamically controllable gas/liquid transport." Science Advances 4, no. 2 (February 2018): eaao6724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao6724.

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Zhou, Hong, and Li Heng Luo. "Filling Pattern of Step Gating System in Lost Foam Casting Process and its Application." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1916–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1916.

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To explore application of step gating system in LFC, filling process of two types of step gating system was simulated, their filling patterns were found, and several engineering examples were analyzed basing on these patterns. It was found the metal start filling through all ingates almost simultaneously if the gating system is open, otherwise the sequence of the ingate filling follow increasing sequence of streamline length from the inlet. It was also found the metal volume through each ingate increased gradually bottom-top when the common step gating system is filled by EPS, but when the common step gating system is open or step gating system have an auxiliary sprue, the metal volume decreases gradually. Analysis on several engineering examples shows the simulation confluence of two liquid metal fronts is basically in accordance with the casting defect locations.

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Chen, Senbin, Falk Frenzel, Bin Cui, Fang Gao, Antonella Campanella, Alexander Funtan, Friedrich Kremer, Stuart S. P. Parkin, and Wolfgang H. Binder. "Gating effects of conductive polymeric ionic liquids." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 30 (2018): 8242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc01936c.

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Wang, Chunyan, Shuli Wang, Hong Pan, Lingli Min, Huili Zheng, Huang Zhu, Gang Liu, Weizhong Yang, Xinyu Chen, and Xu Hou. "Bioinspired liquid gating membrane-based catheter with anticoagulation and positionally drug release properties." Science Advances 6, no. 36 (September 2020): eabb4700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb4700.

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Catheters are indispensable medical devices that are extensively used in daily medical treatment. However, existing catheter materials continue to encounter many problems, such as thrombosis, single functionality, and inadaptability to environmental changes. Inspired by blood vessels, we develop a self-adaptive liquid gating membrane-based catheter with anticoagulation and positionally drug release properties. Our multifunctional liquid gating membrane-based catheter significantly attenuates blood clot formation and can be used as a general catheter design strategy to offer various drugs positionally releasing applications to comprehensively enhance the safety, functionality, and performance of medical catheters’ materials.

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Wang, Shuli, Yunmao Zhang, Yuhang Han, Yaqi Hou, Yi Fan, and Xu Hou. "Design of Porous Membranes by Liquid Gating Technology." Accounts of Materials Research 2, no. 6 (May 3, 2021): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00024.

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Lieb, Johanna, Valeria Demontis, Domenic Prete, Daniele Ercolani, Valentina Zannier, Lucia Sorba, Shimpei Ono, Fabio Beltram, Benjamin Sacépé, and Francesco Rossella. "Ionic Liquid Gating of Semiconductor Nanostructure-Based Devices." Proceedings 3, no. 1 (September 5, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iocn_2018-1-05499.

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Piccardi, Armando, Alessandro Alberucci, Umberto Bortolozzo, Stefania Residori, and Gaetano Assanto. "Soliton gating and switching in liquid crystal light valve." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 7 (February 15, 2010): 071104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3301261.

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Fête, A., L. Rossi, A. Augieri, and C. Senatore. "Ionic liquid gating of ultra-thin YBa2Cu3O7−x films." Applied Physics Letters 109, no. 19 (November 7, 2016): 192601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4967197.

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Ueda, Kenji, Shingo Hirose, and Hidefumi Asano. "Ambipolar transport in Mn2CoAl films by ionic liquid gating." Applied Physics Letters 110, no. 20 (May 15, 2017): 202405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983787.

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Wu, Yang, Xuepeng Qiu, Hongwei Liu, Jingbo Liu, Yuanfu Chen, Lin Ke, and Hyunsoo Yang. "Tunable terahertz reflection of graphene via ionic liquid gating." Nanotechnology 28, no. 9 (January 26, 2017): 095201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa57ad.

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Atesci, Hasan, Francesco Coneri, Maarten Leeuwenhoek, Jouri Bommer, James R. T. Seddon, Hans Hilgenkamp, and Jan M. Van Ruitenbeek. "Ionic-Liquid Gating: On the Formation of a Conducting Surface Channel by Ionic-Liquid Gating of an Insulator (Ann. Phys. 10/2018)." Annalen der Physik 530, no. 10 (October 2018): 1870040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.201870040.

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Leighton, Chris, Turan Birol, and Jeff Walter. "What controls electrostatic vs electrochemical response in electrolyte-gated materials? A perspective on critical materials factors." APL Materials 10, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 040901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087396.

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Electrolyte-gate transistors are a powerful platform for control of material properties, spanning semiconducting behavior, insulator-metal transitions, superconductivity, magnetism, optical properties, etc. When applied to magnetic materials, for example, electrolyte-gate devices are promising for magnetoionics, wherein voltage-driven ionic motion enables low-power control of magnetic order and properties. The mechanisms of electrolyte gating with ionic liquids and gels vary from predominantly electrostatic to entirely electrochemical, however, sometimes even in single material families, for reasons that remain unclear. In this Perspective, we compare literature ionic liquid and ion gel gating data on two rather different material classes—perovskite oxides and pyrite-structure sulfides—seeking to understand which material factors dictate the electrostatic vs electrochemical gate response. From these comparisons, we argue that the ambient-temperature anion vacancy diffusion coefficient ( not the vacancy formation energy) is a critical factor controlling electrostatic vs electrochemical mechanisms in electrolyte gating of these materials. We, in fact, suggest that the diffusivity of lowest-formation-energy defects may often dictate the electrostatic vs electrochemical response in electrolyte-gated inorganic materials, thereby advancing a concrete hypothesis for further exploration in a broader range of materials.

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Vaquero, Daniel, Vito Clericò, Juan Salvador-Sánchez, Jorge Quereda, Enrique Diez, and Ana M. Pérez-Muñoz. "Ionic-Liquid Gating in Two-Dimensional TMDs: The Operation Principles and Spectroscopic Capabilities." Micromachines 12, no. 12 (December 17, 2021): 1576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12121576.

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Ionic-liquid gating (ILG) is able to enhance carrier densities well above the achievable values in traditional field-effect transistors (FETs), revealing it to be a promising technique for exploring the electronic phases of materials in extreme doping regimes. Due to their chemical stability, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are ideal candidates to produce ionic-liquid-gated FETs. Furthermore, as recently discovered, ILG can be used to obtain the band gap of two-dimensional semiconductors directly from the simple transfer characteristics. In this work, we present an overview of the operation principles of ionic liquid gating in TMD-based transistors, establishing the importance of the reference voltage to obtain hysteresis-free transfer characteristics, and hence, precisely determine the band gap. We produced ILG-based bilayer WSe2 FETs and demonstrated their ambipolar behavior. We estimated the band gap directly from the transfer characteristics, demonstrating the potential of ILG as a spectroscopy technique.

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Trick, Jemma L., Prafulla Aryal, Stephen J. Tucker, and Mark S. P. Sansom. "Molecular simulation studies of hydrophobic gating in nanopores and ion channels." Biochemical Society Transactions 43, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140256.

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Gating in channels and nanopores plays a key role in regulating flow of ions across membranes. Molecular simulations provide a ‘computational microscope’ which enables us to examine the physical nature of gating mechanisms at the level of the single channel molecule. Water enclosed within the confines of a nanoscale pore may exhibit unexpected behaviour. In particular, if the molecular surfaces lining the pore are hydrophobic this promotes de-wetting of the pore. De-wetting is observed as stochastic liquid–vapour transitions within a pore, and may lead to functional closure of a pore to the flow of ions and/or water. Such behaviour was first observed in simulations of simple model nanopores and referred to as ‘hydrophobic gating’. Simulations of both the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and of TWIK-1 potassium channels (the latter alongside experimental studies) suggest hydrophobic gating may occur in some biological ion channels. Current studies are focused on designing hydrophobic gates into biomimetic nanopores.

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Wang, Xiaoxia, Fanfan Du, Yingmei Zhang, Jie Yang, Xiaoli Li, and Xiaohong Xu. "Manipulating the optical and electronic properties of MoO₃ films through electric-field-induced ion migration." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10, no. 1 (2022): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc04659d.

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The intercalation of hydrogen ions and lithium ions in MoO3 films is realized by acidic ionic liquid gating, which modifies the electronic and optical properties of MoO3 films, is promising for designing multifunctional devices.

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Atesci, Hasan, Wouter Gelling, Francesco Coneri, Hans Hilgenkamp, and Jan van Ruitenbeek. "ON the Nature of Ionic Liquid Gating of La2−xSrxCuO4." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020566.

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Lu, Ming-Pei, Cheng-Yun Hsiao, Wen-Tsan Lai, and Yuh-Shyong Yang. "Probing the sensitivity of nanowire-based biosensors using liquid-gating." Nanotechnology 21, no. 42 (September 24, 2010): 425505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/42/425505.

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Wu, Phillip M., Satoshi Ishii, Kenji Tanabe, Ko Munakata, R. H. Hammond, Kazuyasu Tokiwa, T. H. Geballe, and M. R. Beasley. "Synthesis and ionic liquid gating of hexagonal WO3 thin films." Applied Physics Letters 106, no. 4 (January 26, 2015): 042602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4906610.

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Liu, Y. T., G. Agnus, S. Ono, L. Ranno, A. Bernand-Mantel, R. Soucaille, J. P. Adam, et al. "Ionic-liquid gating of perpendicularly magnetised CoFeB/MgO thin films." Journal of Applied Physics 120, no. 2 (July 14, 2016): 023901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4956433.

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Owyeung, Rachel E., Sameer Sonkusale, and Matthew J. Panzer. "Opportunities for ionic liquid/ionogel gating of emerging transistor architectures." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 39, no. 1 (January 2021): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0000678.

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Yang, Jie, Xiaoxia Wang, Xiaoxiong Jia, Yingmei Zhang, Xiaoli Li, Zhiyong Quan, Zhongming Zeng, and Xiaohong Xu. "Ionic liquid gating control of magnetism of a Co film." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 515 (December 2020): 167261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167261.

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Rafique, Mohsin, Zhongpei Feng, Zefeng Lin, Xinjian Wei, Menghan Liao, Ding Zhang, Kui Jin, and Qi-Kun Xue. "Ionic Liquid Gating Induced Protonation of Electron-Doped Cuprate Superconductors." Nano Letters 19, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 7775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02776.

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Wang, Fenglin, Petr Stepanov, Mason Gray, Chun Ning Lau, Mikhail E. Itkis, and Robert C. Haddon. "Ionic Liquid Gating of Suspended MoS2 Field Effect Transistor Devices." Nano Letters 15, no. 8 (July 21, 2015): 5284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01610.

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Lieb, Johanna, Valeria Demontis, Domenic Prete, Daniele Ercolani, Valentina Zannier, Lucia Sorba, Shimpei Ono, Fabio Beltram, Benjamin Sacépé, and Francesco Rossella. "Ionic-Liquid Gating of InAs Nanowire-Based Field-Effect Transistors." Advanced Functional Materials 29, no. 3 (November 27, 2018): 1804378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201804378.

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Bazyar, Hanieh, Sirus Javadpour, and Rob G. H. Lammertink. "On the Gating Mechanism of Slippery Liquid Infused Porous Membranes." Advanced Materials Interfaces 3, no. 14 (May 2, 2016): 1600025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201600025.

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Zhao, Shishun, Ziyao Zhou, Bin Peng, Mingmin Zhu, Mengmeng Feng, Qu Yang, Yuan Yan, et al. "Quantitative Determination on Ionic-Liquid-Gating Control of Interfacial Magnetism." Advanced Materials 29, no. 17 (March 3, 2017): 1606478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201606478.

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42

Bruna, Marek, and Marek Galčík. "Numerical Simulation of Reoxidation Processes." MATEC Web of Conferences 328 (2020): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032802007.

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Reoxidation is one of the main problem accompanying the aluminium alloy casting process. The oxide layer created on the melt surface during reoxidation is entrained into the bulk of liquid metal and “bifilms” are created. Bifilms have negative impact on cast quality and internal homogenity of final casting. Paper aim is to clarify the reoxidation phenomenon by visualization with the aid of ProCAST numerical simulation software. Experiemtnal work deals with the design of several types of gating systems (non pressurized and naturally pressurized) with vortex elements in order to determine how these elements affect the reoxidation processes. Achieved results clearly confirmed the positive effect of the naturally pressurized gating system with vortex elements. The evaluation focuses mainly on melt velocity and amount of oxides created in gating system and in mold cavity.

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43

Weiß, K., and Christoph Honsel. "New Algorithm to Calculate Liquid – Solid Shrinkage and Graphite Expansion." Materials Science Forum 508 (March 2006): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.508.509.

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Meanwhile the calculation of cooling and solidification is a well introduced tool into the foundry industry for calculating gating and riser systems. However, knowing the areas of last solidification is often no answer to the question if there are any defects in the casting or not. Of course one requirement is an exact description of the heat flow and the heat transfer between melt and mould. But furthermore the liquid/liquid and liquid/solid shrinkage influence the temperature fields due to a convective heat flux. Also auxiliary material influence the liquid/solid behaviour. Auxiliary materials can be on one hand the inoculation material and on the other chills with and without coating. This is the reason, why defects near the gating often can not be detected by a conventional solidification calculation, which doesn’t take into account the impact of the auxiliary material on the convective flow. With new algorithms within the FEM program SIMTEC/WinCast it is possible to respect this behaviour during the simulation of solidification. Special attention was turned to the expansion of graphite in ductile irons. The graphite first nucleates in the liquid, and then continues to grow in the solid phase depending on the alloy compositions and the solidification parameters. With the knowledge about the physical properties of the alloy the location and the size of defects can be predicted precisely.

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44

Šabík, Vladimír, Peter Futáš, Alena Pribulová, and Petra Delimanová. "Optimization of a gating system by means of simulation software to eliminate cold shut defects in casting." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2021.5.1.1.

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The current trend in foundries is to achieve the production of high quality and competitive cast components. The innovation and optimization of current processes is a necessary element to achieve this goal. With the help of numerical simulations, it is possible to replace financially demanding and time-consuming experiments in real conditions with simulations that can reliably represent foundry process using computer technology. By a detailed analysis of the simulation results, we can predict various risks that could negatively affect the production process. This article monitors the influence of changes in the design of the gating system on the surface quality of a clutch wheel casting made of ductile iron, in the production of which two models of the gating system for casting were constructed in CAD software. Verification of gating systems was performed using the simulation software NovaFlow & Solid. The aim of the design change of the gating system is to reduce the amount of liquid metal used per casting, which can have a significant economic impact on industrial production. For this purpose, several simulations of the gating system of the casting were performed, while 2 which are the most representative for the mentioned problem were selected for the needs of the article. The main task of the simulation was to set the cellular network and conditions as close as possible to the reality of casting and the subsequent design and modification of the gating system.

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45

Ma, Xiao Chun, Yi Qiang Zhuang, and Ying Qi Tao. "Numerical Simulation of Die-Casting Magnesium Alloy Impeller with the Central Gating System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 2126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.2126.

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AZ91D magnesium alloy used as the automotive cooling system’s pump impeller material, using the finite element analysis software ProCAST to numerical simulation for the temperature field and the flow field of die-casting process, analyzed the defects causes of magnesium alloy die-casting, and then determined the gating system. Based on the results of numerical simulation analysis, the design of ingate of the gating system set on central department is reasonable. It's benefit for smooth filling of liquid metal and uniforming the temperature field distribution, so as to reduce casting porosity, cold shut and shrinkage defects.

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46

Just, P., R. Kaczorowski, and T. Pacyniak. "Optimization of Master Alloy Amount and Gating System Design for Ductile Cast Iron Obtain in Lost Foam Process." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0056.

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Abstract The paper presents the optimization of master alloy amount for the high nodular graphite yield (80-90%) in cast iron obtain in lost foam process. The influence of the gating system configuration and the shape of the reaction chamber, the degree of spheroidisation cast iron was examined. Research has shown that the, optimal of master alloy amount of 1.5% by mass on casting iron. The degree of spheroidisation is also influenced by the gating system configuration. The best spheroidisation effect was obtained for liquid cast iron was fed into the reaction chamber from the bottom and discharged from the top.

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Jeong, Jaewoo, Nagaphani B. Aetukuri, Donata Passarello, Steven D. Conradson, Mahesh G. Samant, and Stuart S. P. Parkin. "Giant reversible, facet-dependent, structural changes in a correlated-electron insulator induced by ionic liquid gating." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 4 (January 12, 2015): 1013–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419051112.

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The use of electric fields to alter the conductivity of correlated electron oxides is a powerful tool to probe their fundamental nature as well as for the possibility of developing novel electronic devices. Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is an archetypical correlated electron system that displays a temperature-controlled insulating to metal phase transition near room temperature. Recently, ionic liquid gating, which allows for very high electric fields, has been shown to induce a metallic state to low temperatures in the insulating phase of epitaxially grown thin films of VO2. Surprisingly, the entire film becomes electrically conducting. Here, we show, from in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and absorption experiments, that the whole film undergoes giant, structural changes on gating in which the lattice expands by up to ∼3% near room temperature, in contrast to the 10 times smaller (∼0.3%) contraction when the system is thermally metallized. Remarkably, these structural changes are fully reversible on reverse gating. Moreover, we find these structural changes and the concomitant metallization are highly dependent on the VO2 crystal facet, which we relate to the ease of electric-field–induced motion of oxygen ions along chains of edge-sharing VO6 octahedra that exist along the (rutile) c axis.

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48

Liu, Jing, Xue Xu, Yi Lei, Mengchuang Zhang, Zhizhi Sheng, Huimeng Wang, Min Cao, Jian Zhang, and Xu Hou. "Liquid Gating Meniscus‐Shaped Deformable Magnetoelastic Membranes with Self‐Driven Regulation of Gas/Liquid Release." Advanced Materials 34, no. 3 (December 2, 2021): 2107327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.202107327.

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49

Bhatnagar-Schöffmann, T., A. Kovàcs, R. Pachat, D. Ourdani, A. Lamperti, M. A. Syskaki, T. da Câmara Santa Clara Gomes, et al. "Controlling interface anisotropy in CoFeB/MgO/HfO₂ using dusting layers and magneto-ionic gating." Applied Physics Letters 122, no. 4 (January 23, 2023): 042402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132870.

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In this work, we present the magneto-ionic response to ionic liquid gating in Ta/CoFeB/MgO/HfO2 stacks, where heavy metal dusting layers of Ta, W, and Pt are inserted at the Ta/CoFeB and CoFeB/MgO interfaces. Dusting layers of W inserted at the Ta/CoFeB interface increase perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) by more than 50%, while no significant changes are seen for Pt. In these samples, gating cannot break the PMA seeded at the CoFeB/MgO interface, only relatively small changes in the coercivity can be induced, about 20% for Ta and Pt and 6% for W. At the CoFeB/MgO interface, a significant quenching of the magnetization is seen when W and Ta dusting layers are inserted, which remains unchanged after gating, suggesting a critical deterioration of the CoFeB. In contrast, Pt dusting layers result in an in-plane anisotropy that can be reversibly converted to PMA through magneto-ionic gating while preserving the polycrystalline structure of the MgO layer. This shows that dusting layers can be effectively used not only to engineer magnetic properties in multilayers but also to strongly modify their magneto-ionic performance.

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50

Hou, Xu, Yuhang Hu, Alison Grinthal, Mughees Khan, and Joanna Aizenberg. "Liquid-based gating mechanism with tunable multiphase selectivity and antifouling behaviour." Nature 519, no. 7541 (March 2015): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14253.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid gating'

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