Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid Fuel Conversion

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid Fuel Conversion'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid Fuel Conversion"

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Tshiteya, Mukuna. "Conversion of wood to liquid fuel." Energy 10, no. 5 (May 1985): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(85)90089-1.

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Leonardo, Adam, and Semin. "Effect of CNG Engine Conversion on Performance Characteristic: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 972, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/972/1/012028.

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Abstract The world has been experiencing a crisis of energy caused by the deterioration of scarce fossil fuel resources. The usage of fossil fuels, mainly liquid fuels is considered unsustainable due to resource depletion and the accumulation of pollutants. Natural gas has become a promising alternative fuel since it is highly abundant in the world, produces less emission, and gives similar engine performance compared to the existing liquid fuel, diesel, or gasoline. This paper presents various research regarding the engine performance characteristic of CNG. The studies reported that as compared to liquid-based fuel such as diesel oil or gasoline, CNG gives lower brake thermal efficiency (BTE) as compared to diesel fuel. However, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of engine fueled with CNG is lower than diesel or gasoline fuel. In terms of exhaust gas temperature, CNG was always produced higher temperatures in comparison to gasoline. The maximum cylinder gas pressure of CNG was reported lower than diesel fuel operation. In general, the power produced by CNG combustion is a little bit lower than diesel fuel, this drawback of CNG fuel can be overcome by adding hydrogen fuel to CNG to increase produced power.
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Chen, Zhuo, Tingzhou Lei, Zhiwei Wang, Xueqin Li, and Peng Liu. "Environmental and Economic Impacts of Biomass Liquid Fuel Conversion and Utilization—A Review." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 16, no. 2 (April 1, 2022): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2022.2172.

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Biomass liquid fuel, one of the most important renewable fuels, plays a key role in the energy development. This paper reviews the research progress in biomass liquid fuel conversion and utilization, environmental impact, and economic analysis. The application research of biomass liquid fuel currently focuses on the evaluation of substitution and emission reduction effect of a single component on fossil energy. While most studies confirm that biomass liquid fuel can reduce greenhouse gas emission and current energy shortage problems, the large-scale cultivation and use of energy crops may induce negative environmental impacts. And although second-generation biomass liquid fuel base on agricultural residues have potential development and considerable economic feasibility compared to fossil fuel, technological breakthroughs are required to reduce production costs and achieve large-scale promotion and application. Technological breakthroughs in the multi-product comprehensive utilization of biomass liquid fuel, raw material plants in the environment, establishment of economic analysis models, and economic quantification of ecological benefits will drive research directions in the future.
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Kler, Aleksandr, Elina Tyurina, and Aleksandr Mednikov. "Comparative efficiency of technologies for conversion and transportation of energy resources of Russia’s eastern regions to NEA countries." E3S Web of Conferences 27 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182702005.

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The paper presents perspective technologies for combined conversion of fossil fuels into synthetic liquid fuels and electricity. The comparative efficiency of various process flows of conversion and transportation of energy resources of Russia's east that are aimed at supplying electricity to remote consumers is presented. These also include process flows based on production of synthetic liquid fuel.
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Zhang, Lei, Bo Zhou, Peigao Duan, Feng Wang, and Yuping Xu. "Hydrothermal conversion of scrap tire to liquid fuel." Chemical Engineering Journal 285 (February 2016): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.10.001.

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Degueldre, Claude A., Richard J. Dawson, and Vesna Najdanovic-Visak. "Nuclear fuel cycle, with a liquid ore and fuel: toward renewable energy." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 7 (2019): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8se00610e.

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To fulfill the conditions required for a nuclear renewable energy concept, one has to explore a combination of processes going from the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle to the fuel production and the energy conversion using specific fluid fuels and reactors.
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Kong, Si Fang, Hui Liu, Fu Shuan Ma, and Hui Zeng. "Research Progress on Biomass Liquid-Fuel Products by Thermo-Chemical Conversion." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.472.

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Thermo-chemical conversion to prepare biomass liquid fuel is one of the most promising biomass utilization technologies for biomass energy. Direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction, two main thermo-chemical conversion technologies for liquid fuel from biomass were introduced in detail. Moreover, the latest research status of five kinds of liquid-fuel products from biomass by thermo-chemical conversion technology, such as methanol, ethanol, dimethyl ether, biodiesel and biomass pyrolytic oil were especially discussed. In addition, the problems existing in the thermo-chemical conversion technology and products are discussed and the developing trend and some proposals on thermo-chemical utilization of biomass energy in future are p resented.
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Shah, M. S., P. K. Halder, A. S. M. Shamsuzzaman, M. S. Hossain, S. K. Pal, and E. Sarker. "Perspectives of Biogas Conversion into Bio-CNG for Automobile Fuel in Bangladesh." Journal of Renewable Energy 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4385295.

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The need for liquid and gaseous fuel for transportation application is growing very fast. This high consumption trend causes swift exhaustion of fossil fuel reserve as well as severe environment pollution. Biogas can be converted into various renewable automobile fuels such as bio-CNG, syngas, gasoline, and liquefied biogas. However, bio-CNG, a compressed biogas with high methane content, can be a promising candidate as vehicle fuel in replacement of conventional fuel to resolve this problem. This paper presents an overview of available liquid and gaseous fuel commonly used as transportation fuel in Bangladesh. The paper also illustrates the potential of bio-CNG conversion from biogas in Bangladesh. It is estimated that, in the fiscal year 2012-2013, the country had about 7.6775 billion m3 biogas potential equivalent to 5.088 billion m3 of bio-CNG. Bio-CNG is competitive to the conventional automobile fuels in terms of its properties, economy, and emission.
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Climent, Maria J., Avelino Corma, and Sara Iborra. "Conversion of biomass platform molecules into fuel additives and liquid hydrocarbon fuels." Green Chemistry 16, no. 2 (2014): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41492b.

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Tao, Thomas, Linda Bateman, Jeff Bentley, and Michael Slaney. "Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Direct Carbonaceous Fuel Conversion." ECS Transactions 5, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2729026.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid Fuel Conversion"

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Anders, Mark. "Technoeconomic modelling of coal conversion processes for liquid fuel production." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10240/.

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Since the oil crisis of 1973 considerable interest has been shown in the production of liquid fuels from alternative sources. In particular processes utilizing coal as the feedstock have received considerable interest. These processes can be divided into direct and indirect liquefaction and pyrolysis. This thesis describes the modelling of indirect coal liquefaction processes for the purpose of performing technical and economic assessment of the production of liquid fuels from coal and lignite, using a variety of gasification and synthesis gas liquefaction technologies. The technologies were modeled on a 'step model' basis where a step is defined as a combination of individual unit operations which together perform a significant function on the process streams, such as a methanol synthesis step or a gasification and physical gas cleaning step. Sample results of the modelling, covering a wide range of gasifiers, liquid synthesis processes and products are presented in this thesis. Due to the large number of combinations of gasifier, liquid synthesis processes, products and economic sensitivity cases, a complete set of results is impractical to present in a single publication. The main results show that methanol is the cheapest fuel to produce from coal followed by fuel alcohol, diesel from the Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis process,gasoline from Mobil Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) process, diesel from the Mobil Methanol Olefins Gasoline Diesel (MOGD) process and finally gasoline from the same process. Some variation in production costs of all the products was shown depending on type of gasifier chosen and feedstock.
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Minami, Eiji. "Chemical conversion of lignocellulosics in supercritical methanol to liquid fuel." Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148644.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第10326号
エネ博第62号
新制||エネ||19(附属図書館)
UT51-2003-H747
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻
(主査)教授 坂 志朗, 教授 塩路 昌宏, 助教授 河本 晴雄
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Zhang, Yusheng. "Development of a bench scale single batch biomass to liquid fuel facility." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/811.

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The research described in this dissertation was motivated by the global demand for energy that is not dependent on coal, oil, natural gas and other non-renewable fossil fuels. The technology used in this project is related to the use of biomass to produce a viable alternative to conventional sources of fuel. A bench scale biomass to liquid (BTL) facility was built and tested. This produced results confirming the feasibility of the BTL process. The findings of the pilot study outlined in this dissertation justified the conclusion that the next step will be to expand the capacity and productivity of the BTL pilot plant to an industrial scale. Biomass comes from a variety of renewable sources that are readily available. In this case, the material used in the fixed bed biomass gasification facility to generate wood gas was agricultural and forestry waste, such as straw and wood chips. The gasifier had the capacity to produce up to 10 cubic metres/hr of gas with a carbon monoxide and hydrogen content of between 20–40% by volume, when it was operated at ambient pressure and with air as the oxidizer. The gas, produced at a temperature above 700º C, was cooled in a quench/water scrubber in order to remove most of the mechanical impurities (tars and water-soluble inorganic particles), condensed and dried with corn cobs before being compressed in cylinders at over 100 bar (g) for use in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS). The syngas was subjected further to a series of refining processes which included removal of sulphur and oxygen. The sulphur removal technology chosen entailed applying modified activated carbon to adsorb H2S with the help of hydrolysis in order to convert organic sulphur impurities into H2S which reduced the sulphur content of the gas to less than 5 ppbv. Supported cobalt catalyst (100 grams), were loaded into a single-tube fixed bed FT reactor with an inner diameter of 50 mm. The reactor was fitted with a heating jacket through which, heated oil ran to cool the reactor during a normal reaction occurring at < 250 ºC, while nitrogen was used in the heating jacket during reduction, which occurred at temperatures up ~ 350 ºC. The FTS reaction was carried out at different pressures and temperatures. Liquid and wax products were produced from the facility. The properties of the liquid and solid hydrocarbons produced were found to be the same as FT products from other feed stocks, such as natural gas and coal.
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Luo, Siwei. "Conversion of Carbonaceous Fuel to Electricity, Hydrogen, and Chemicals via Chemical Looping Technology - Reaction Kinetics and Bench-Scale Demonstration." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397573499.

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Suárez, París Rodrigo. "Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived synthesis gas to liquid fuels." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kemisk teknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-182690.

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Climate change is one of the biggest global threats of the 21st century. Fossil fuels constitute by far the most important energy source for transportation and the different governments are starting to take action to promote the use of cleaner fuels. Biomass-derived fuels are a promising alternative for diversifying fuel sources, reducing fossil fuel dependency and abating greenhouse gas emissions. The research interest has quickly shifted from first-generation biofuels, obtained from food commodities, to second-generation biofuels, produced from non-food resources. The subject of this PhD thesis is the production of second-generation biofuels via thermochemical conversion: biomass is first gasified to synthesis gas, a mixture of mainly H2 and CO; synthesis gas can then be catalytically converted to different fuels. This work summarizes six publications, which are focused on the synthesis gas conversion step. Two processes are principally examined in this summary. The first part of the PhD thesis is devoted to the synthesis of ethanol and higher alcohols, which can be used as fuel or fuel additives. The microemulsion technique is applied in the synthesis of molybdenum-based catalysts, achieving a yield enhancement. Methanol cofeeding is also studied as a way of boosting the production of longer alcohols, but a negative effect is obtained: the main outcome of methanol addition is an increase in methane production. The second part of the PhD thesis addresses wax hydroconversion, an essential upgrading step in the production of middle-distillate fuels via Fischer-Tropsch. Bifunctional catalysts consisting of noble metals supported on silica-alumina are considered. The deactivation of a platinum-based catalyst is investigated, sintering and coking being the main causes of decay. A comparison of platinum and palladium as catalyst metal function is also carried out, obtaining a fairly different catalytic performance of the materials in terms of conversion and selectivity, very likely due to dissimilar hydrogenation power of the metals. Finally, a kinetic model based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson formalism is proposed to describe the hydroconversion reactions, attaining a good fitting of the experimental data.
Klimatförändringarna är ett av de största globala hoten under det tjugoförsta århundradet. Fossila bränslen utgör den helt dominerande energikällan för transporter och många länder börjar stödja användning av renare bränslen. Bränslen baserade på biomassa är ett lovande alternativ för att diversifiera råvarorna, reducera beroendet av fossila råvaror och undvika växthusgaser. Forskningsintresset har snabbt skiftat från första generationens biobränslen som erhölls från mat-råvaror till andra generationens biobränslen producerade från icke ätbara-råvaror. Ämnet för denna doktorsavhandling är produktion av andra generationens biobränslen via termokemisk omvandling. Biomassa förgasas först till syntesgas, en blandning av i huvudsak vätgas och kolmoxid; syntesgasen kan sedan katalytiskt omvandlas till olika bränslen. Detta arbete sammanfattar sex publikationer som fokuserar på steget för syntesgasomvandling. Två processer är i huvudsak undersökta i denna sammanfattning. Den första delen av doktorsavhandlingen ägnas åt syntes av etanol och högre alkoholer som kan användas som bränsle eller bränsletillsatser. Mikroemulsionstekniken har använts vid framställningen av molybden-baserade katalysatorer, vilket gav en höjning av utbytet. Tillsatsen av metanol har också studerats som ett sätt att försöka få en högre koncentration av högre alkoholer, men en negativ effekt erhölls: huvudeffekten av metanoltillsatsen är en ökad metanproduktion. Den andra delen av doktorsavhandlingen handlar om vätebehandling av vaxer som ett viktigt upparbetningssteg vid framställning av mellandestillat från Fischer-Tropsch processen. Bifunktionella katalysatorer som består av ädelmetaller deponerade på silica-alumina valdes. Deaktiveringen av en platinabaserad katalysator undersöktes. Sintring och koksning var huvudorsakerna till deaktiveringen. En jämförelse mellan platina och palladium som funktionella metaller genomfördes också med resultatet att det var en ganska stor skillnad mellan materialens katalytiska egenskaper vilket gav olika omsättning och selektivitet, mycket sannolikt beroende på olika reaktionsmönster hos metallerna vid vätebehandling. Slutligen föreslås en kinetisk modell baserad på en Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson modell för att beskriva reaktionerna vid vätebehandling. Denna modell ger en god anpassning till experimentella data.
El cambio climático es una de las mayores amenazas del siglo XXI. Los combustibles fósiles constituyen actualmente la fuente de energía más importante para el transporte, por lo que los diferentes gobiernos están empezando a tomar medidas para promover el uso de combustibles más limpios. Los combustibles derivados de biomasa son una alternativa prometedora para diversificar las fuentes de energía, reducir la dependencia de los combustibles fósiles y disminuir las emisiones de efecto invernadero. Los esfuerzos de los investigadores se han dirigido en los últimos años a los biocombustibles de segunda generación, producidos a partir de recursos no alimenticios. El tema de esta tesis de doctorado es la producción de biocombustibles de segunda generación mediante conversión termoquímica: en primer lugar, la biomasa se gasifica y convierte en gas de síntesis, una mezcla formada mayoritariamente por hidrógeno y monóxido de carbono; a continuación, el gas de síntesis puede transformarse en diversos biocombustibles. Este trabajo resume seis publicaciones, centradas en la etapa de conversión del gas de síntesis. Dos procesos se estudian con mayor detalle. En la primera parte de la tesis se investiga la producción de etanol y alcoholes largos, que pueden ser usados como combustible o como aditivos para combustible. La técnica de microemulsión se aplica en la síntesis de catalizadores basados en molibdeno, consiguiendo un incremento del rendimiento. Además, se introduce metanol en el sistema de reacción para intentar aumentar la producción de alcoholes más largos, pero los efectos obtenidos son negativos: la principal consecuencia es el incremento de la producción de metano. La segunda parte de la tesis estudia la hidroconversión de cera, una etapa esencial en la producción de destilados medios mediante Fischer-Tropsch. Los catalizadores estudiados son bifuncionales y consisten en metales nobles soportados en sílice-alúmina. La desactivación de un catalizador de platino se investiga, siendo la sinterización y la coquización las principales causas del problema. El uso de platino y paladio como componente metálico se compara, obteniendo resultados catalíticos bastante diferentes, tanto en conversión como en selectividad, probablemente debido a su diferente capacidad de hidrogenación. Finalmente, se propone un modelo cinético, basado en el formalismo de Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson, que consigue un ajuste satisfactorio de los datos experimentales.

QC 20160308

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Adam, Judit. "Catalytic conversion of biomass to produce higher quality liquid bio-fuels." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1739.

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Kent, Ryan Alexander. "Conversion of Landfill Gas to Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels: Design and Feasibility Study." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6102.

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This paper will discuss the conversion of gas produced from biomass into liquid fuel through the combination of naturally occurring processes, which occur in landfills and anaerobic digesters, and a gas-to-liquids (GTL) facility. Landfills and anaerobic digesters produce gases (LFG) that can be converted into syngas via a Tri-reforming process and then synthesized into man-made hydrocarbon mixtures using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Further processing allows for the separation into liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel and gasoline, as well as other middle distillate fuels. Conversion of landfill gas into liquid fuels increases their energy density, ease of storage, and open market potential as a common “drop in” fuel. These steps not only allow for profitable avenues for landfill operators but potential methods to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of this paper is to present a preliminary design of an innovative facility which processes contaminated biogases and produces a valuable product. An economic analysis is performed to show feasibility for a facility under base case scenario. A sensitivity analysis is performed to show the effect of different cost scenarios on the breakeven price of fuel produced. Market scenarios are also presented in order to further analyze situations where certain product portions cannot be sold or facility downtime is increased. This facility is then compared to traditional mitigation options, such as flaring and electricity generation, to assess the effect each option has on cost, energy efficiency, and emissions reduction.
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Naqi, Ahmad. "Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels via Anaerobic Digestion: A Feasibility Study." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7639.

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The use of biomass as a potential feedstock for the production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels has been under investigation in the last few decades. This paper discusses a preliminary design and a feasibility study of producing liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass through a combined biochemical and thermochemical route. The process involves anaerobic digestion (AD) of the biodegradable portion of the biomass to produce methane rich gas. The methane rich biogas stream is purified by removing contaminants and upgraded to liquid hydrocarbon fuel in a gas to liquid facility (GTL) via thermochemical conversion route. The biogas conversion involves two major steps: tri-reforming step to produce syngas (a mixture of CO and H2), and Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) step to convert the syngas to a spectrum of hydrocarbons. Separation and upgrading of the produced hydrocarbon mixture allows production of synthetic transportation fuels. AD is ranked as one of the best waste management options as it allows for: energy recovery, nutrient recovery, and reduction in greenhouse gases emission. A detailed process modeling of the process was carried out using ASPEN Plus process design software package. Data for the process was based on literature on AD combined with laboratory results on the biogas to liquid conversion process. The composition of the final liquid hydrocarbon from the ASPEN model has been compared to the composition of commercial diesel fuel, and results have shown good agreement. As a result, the most current commercial diesel prices were used to evaluate the potential revenue from selling the product in the open market. The total capital investment to construct the plant with a capacity of handling 100,000 ton per year of wet biomass is $16.2 million with a potential of producing 2.60 million gallons of diesel. The base case feedstock is corn stover. The annual operating cost to run the plant is estimated to be $8.81 million. An annual revenue from selling the diesel product is estimated to be $14.6 million taking into account a green energy incentive of $3.00/gallon of diesel sold. The net present worth at the end of the plant life is $8.76 million with a discounted cash flow of return of 26.2%. The breakeven cost of diesel is determined to be $4.34/gallon assuming no tipping fees are charged for handling the waste. Sensitivity analyses results concluded that the profitability of the process is most sensitive to variation in diesel selling price. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the process is profitable only if incentives are provided for renewable fuels due to the current low prices of fossil fuels.
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Daza, Yolanda Andreina. "Closing a Synthetic Carbon Cycle: Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Carbon Monoxide for Liquid Fuels Synthesis." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6079.

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CO2 global emissions exceed 30 Giga tonnes (Gt) per year, and the high atmospheric concentrations are detrimental to the environment. In spite of efforts to decrease emissions by sequestration (carbon capture and storage) and repurposing (use in fine chemicals synthesis and oil extraction), more than 98% of CO2 generated is released to the atmosphere. With emissions expected to increase, transforming CO2 to chemicals of high demand could be an alternative to decrease its atmospheric concentration. Transportation fuels represent 26% of the global energy consumption, making it an ideal end product that could match the scale of CO2 generation. The long-term goal of the study is to transform CO2 to liquid fuels closing a synthetic carbon cycle. Synthetic fuels, such as diesel and gasoline, can be produced from syngas (a combination of CO and H2) by Fischer Tropsch synthesis or methanol synthesis, respectively. Methanol can be turned into gasoline by MTO technologies. Technologies to make renewable hydrogen are already in existence, but CO is almost exclusively generated from methane. Due to the high stability of the CO2 molecule, its transformation is very energy intensive. Therefore, the current challenge is developing technologies for the conversion of CO2 to CO with a low energy requirement. The work in this dissertation describes the development of a recyclable, isothermal, low-temperature process for the conversion of CO2 to CO with high selectivity, called Reverse Water Gas Shift Chemical Looping (RWGS-CL). In this process, H2 is used to generate oxygen vacancies in a metal oxide bed. These vacancies then can be re-filled by one O atom from CO2, producing CO. Perovskites (ABO3) were used as the oxide material due to their high oxygen mobility and stability. They were synthesized by the Pechini sol-gel synthesis, and characterized with X-ray diffraction and surface area measurements. Mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the reducibility and re-oxidation abilities of the materials with temperature-programmed reduction and oxidation experiments. Cycles of RWGS-CL were performed in a packed bed reactor to study CO production rates. Different metal compositions on the A and B site of the oxide were tested. In all the studies, La and Sr were used on the A site because their combination is known to enhance oxygen vacancies formation and CO2 adsorption on the perovskites. The RWGS-CL was first demonstrated in a non-isothermal process at 500 °C for the H2-reduction and 850 °C for the CO2 conversion on a Co-based perovskite. This perovskite was too unstable for the H2 treatment. Addition of Fe to the perovskite enhanced its stability, and allowed for an isothermal and recyclable process at 550 °C with high selectivity towards CO. In an effort to decrease the operating temperature, Cu was incorporated to the structure. It was found that Cu addition inhibited CO formation and formed very unstable oxide materials. Preliminary studies show that application of this technology has the potential to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from captured flue gases (i.e. from power plants) or from concentrated CO2 (adsorbed from the atmosphere), while generating a high value chemical. This technology also has possible applications in space explorations, especially in environments like Mars atmosphere, which has high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
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Corsaro, Agnieszka. "Optimization of a Single Reactor Process for the Selective Conversion of Coal to Liquid Fuels." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/429.

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The conversion of synthesis gas to desirable liquid fuels in gasoline and diesel range in a single reactor process with simultaneous use of FT and cracking catalysts was investigated in this dissertation. Co-based catalyst and ZSM-5 were used as a FT and cracking catalysts, respectively. The structural and textural properties of ZSM-5 were analyzed by XRD, BET and particle size analysis. Following, commercially available FT and cracking catalyst were tested in the newly designed fixed bed dual-zone reactor under 350 psi; syngas with H2/CO ratio in the amount of 2, and flow rate of 70, 100 and 130 smL/min; and 0.5, 1.25 and 2.5 g of ZSM-5. The temperature for the FT Co-based catalyst was maintained constant at 190 °C, whereas, the temperature for the additionally implemented cracking catalyst was varied (250, 300 and 350 °C). The effect of operating reaction conditions such as syngas flow rate, Si/Al molar ratio; temperature and loading of cracking catalyst were investigated. It was shown, that in general, decrease of syngas flow rate, ipso facto increase in residence time, resulted in decrease of gasoline and diesel fuel production, whereas reduction of ZSM-5 loading improved the formation of C5 - C17 paraffins. An enhancement in gasoline and diesel paraffin range formation was also observed with the decrease of cracking temperature. In addition, the effect of variation in operating conditions was evaluated for liquid paraffin production and dominance of chain propagation reactions over cracking and/or isomerizarion reactions with cracking catalyst loading and syngas flow rate was observed. As a consequence, the results employing ZSM-5 showed increased formation of light hydrocarbons and aromatics; and reduction of heavier paraffins production. Finally, the effect of various Si/Al molar ratios in the amount of 50, 80 and 280 were studied in this research. It was found, that the decrease in acidity of ZSM-5 zeolite enhanced the selectivity towards desirable products as well as heavier paraffins, but suppressed the formation of CH4. Furthermore, the isomerization reactions became favored in expense of cracking reactions.
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Books on the topic "Liquid Fuel Conversion"

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Oasmaa, Anja. Thermochemical conversion of black liquor organics into fuels. Espoo, Finland: VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1992.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on the Conversion of Liquid Rocket Fuels (2003 Baku, Azerbaijan). The conversion of liquid rocket fuels: Risk assessment, technology and treatment options for the conversion of abandoned liquid ballistic missile propellants (fuels and oxidizers) in Azerbaijan / edited by Wolfgang P.W. Spyra and Kay Winkelmann. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004.

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Anders, Mark. Technoeconomic modelling of coal conversion processes for liquid fuel production. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, 1991.

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Kerstetter, James D. Assessment of potential for conversion of pulp and paper sludge to ethanol fuel in the Pacific Northwest. Olympia, WA: Washington State University, Cooperative Extension Energy Program, 1997.

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Inc, Xenergy, Energetic Management Associates, and Northeast Regional Biomass Program, eds. Toward a renewable power supply: The use of bio-based fuels in stationary fuel cells. Burlington, MA: Xenergy, 2002.

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Spyra, Wolfgang P. W., and Kay Winkelmann, eds. The Conversion of Liquid Rocket Fuels. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2381-2.

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Mills, G. Alex. Status and future opportunities for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid energy fuels. [London?: s.n., 1992.

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Crocker, Mark, ed. Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Fuels and Chemicals. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781849732260.

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Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), ed. Thermochemical conversion of biomass to liquid fuels and chemicals. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010.

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A, Herod A., and Bartle Keith D, eds. Solid fuels and heavy hydrocarbon liquids: Thermal characterization and analysis. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid Fuel Conversion"

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Kuester, James L., Carmo M. Fernandez, Ta-Ching Wang, and Gary Heath. "Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuel Potential of Agricultural Materials." In Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 875–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4932-4_48.

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Yusup, Suzana, Murni Melati Ahmad, Anita Ramli, Khan Zakir, and Mas Fatiha Mohamad. "Biomass Conversion to Fuel (Solid, Liquid and Gas Fuel)." In Advances in Biofuels, 29–39. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6249-1_3.

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Yokoyama, Shin-Ya, Tomoko Ogi, Katsuya Koguchi, Tomoaki Minowa, Masanori Murakami, and Akira Suzuki. "Liquid Fuel Production from Ethanol Fermentation Stillage by Thermochemical Conversion." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 792–803. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_60.

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Arastoopour, Hamid, Dimitri Gidaspow, and Robert W. Lyczkowski. "Synthetic Gas Conversion to Liquid Fuel Using Slurry Bubble Column Reactors." In Mechanical Engineering Series, 149–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68578-2_6.

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Katiyo, Munashe, Loice Gudukeya, Mufaro Kanganga, and Nita Sukdeo. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Biogas to Liquid Fuel Conversion via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis: A Case Study of Biogas Generated from Municipal Sewage." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 729–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_82.

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AbstractThis research looks at how biogas (a renewable energy resource) can be harnessed using municipal sewage waste, and the potential of biogas use for generating liquid fuels (diesel and petrol) using Fischer Tropsch synthesis. The research also looks at the economic implications of carrying out the venture, and also determines the viability and feasibility of developing such an initiative in Zimbabwe. The production of biofuel from biogas via Fischer Tropsch synthesis was successfully simulated using the Aspen Plus simulation software which enabled a techno‐economic assessment to be conducted based on these results. The minimum retail price of Fischer Tropsch diesel and petrol fuel was determined to be slightly under $1.10/litre for both fuels, with an annual total plant production capacity of 200 million litres per year. The plant was designed to produce around 270 000 L of petrol fuel per day that can be refined and further upgraded to premium quality grade petrol for export. The plant was also designed to produce nearly 320 000 L of diesel fuel per day for direct use as liquid transportation fuel. The total biogas input requirement for the plant is 700 tonnes/hour of biogas (2000 m3/hour) [1m3 = 0.353 tonnes]. The total sulphur production is 30 tonnes per day, and the total carbon dioxide extracted and captured is 1500 tonnes per day. The total plant cost was estimated at $200 million USD. The financial analysis for the plant operations shows positive financial performance with a nearly 20% return on investment. A payback period of 5 years is projected.
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Sonal, Virendra Kumar Saharan, Suja George, Rohidas Bhoi, and K. K. Pant. "Recent Advancements and Detailed Understanding of Kinetics for Synthesis Gas Conversion into Liquid Fuel." In Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability, 459–501. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65021-6_15.

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Elliott, D. C., and G. G. Neuenschwander. "Liquid Fuels by Low-Severity Hydrotreating of Biocrude." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 611–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_48.

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Bridgwater, A. V., and J. M. Double. "A Strategic Assessment of Liquid Fuels from Biomass." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 98–110. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_8.

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Wan, Edward I., and Malcolm D. Fraser. "Economic Potential of Producing Liquid Transportation Fuels from Biomass." In Research in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 61–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2737-7_6.

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Sivakumar, Palaniraja, Heon Jung, John W. Tierney, and Irving Wender. "Coprocessing of Lignocellulosic Wastes and Coal to Liquid Fuels." In Conversion And Utilization Of Waste Materials, 199–219. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315140360-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid Fuel Conversion"

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Parnell, L. A., D. L. Katz, J. T. Gilchrist, L. E. Bryant, J. P. Lucero, and W. D. Zerwekh. "Radiography of Liquid Metal Fuel Combustion." In 22nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-9389.

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Plummer, Mitty C., Carlos A. Ordonez, and Richard F. Reidy. "Liquid Nitrogen as a Non-Polluting Vehicle Fuel." In 34th Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2517.

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Auld, D. L., C. L. Peterson, and R. A. Korus. "Vegetable Oil as an Alternative Liquid Fuel for American Agriculture." In 22nd Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-9010.

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Stoffel, B., and L. Reh. "Conversion of Liquid to Gaseous Fuels for Lean Premixed Combustion." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-412.

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The lean premixed combustion of gaseous fuels is an attractive technology to attain very low NOx emission levels in gas turbine engines. If liquid fuels are converted to gaseous fuels by vaporization, they also can be used in premix gas burners and similar low NOx emissions are achievable. Experiments were carried out in a test rig in which the three main process steps of liquid fuel combustion (vaporization of fuel, mixing of air and fuel vapor and combustion reaction) can be performed successively in three separate devices and examined independently. A wide range of liquid fuels (methanol, ethanol, heptane, gasoline, rape oil methyl ester and two diesel oil qualities) was vaporized in an externally heated tube in the presence of superheated steam. These fuel vapors were led to a Pyrocore® radiant burner operating in fully premixed mode at atmosperic pressure. For all fuels without bound nitrogen, NOx levels below 15 mg/m3 at 3% O2 in the dry exhaust gas (2.5 ppm at 15% O2) were measured at lean combustion conditions. However, the nitrogen particularly bound in higher boiling fuels like diesel oil was converted completely to NOx under these conditions. The fuel bound nitrogen (FBN) proved to be the major source of NOx when burning vaporized diesel oil.
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Ahmad, N., F. Abnisa, and W. M. A. W. Daud. "Synthesis of liquid fuel through hydrothermal conversion of natural rubber." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES (ISCPMS2018). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5132485.

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Ajibade, Frank D., and Emmanuel O. Ogedengbe. "Efficient Liquid Fuel Consumption in Household Cooking Appliances without Back-flow Tendencies." In 14th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4617.

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Pradipta, Ilham Zulfa, Rochmadi, and Chandra Wahyu Purnomo. "High Grade Liquid Fuel from Plastic Waste Pyrolysis Oil by Column Distillation." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Energy Conversion (CENCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cencon47160.2019.8974811.

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Wang, Y., L. Reh, D. Pennell, D. Winkler, and K. Döbbeling. "Conversion of Liquid to Gaseous Fuel for Prevaporised Premixed Combustion in Gas Turbines." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-225.

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Stationary gas turbines for power generation are increasingly being equipped with low emission burners. By applying lean premixed combustion techniques for gaseous fuels both NOx and CO emissions can be reduced to extremely low levels (NOx emissions <25vppm, CO emissions <10vppm). Likewise, if analogous premix techniques can be applied to liquid fuels (diesel oil, Oil No.2, etc.) in gas-fired burners, similar low level emissions when burning oils are possible. For gas turbines which operate with liquid fuel or in dual fuel operation, VPL (Vaporised Premixed Lean)-combustion is essential for obtaining minimal NOx-emissions. An option is to vaporise the liquid fuel in a separate fuel vaporiser and subsequently supply the fuel vapour to the natural gas fuel injection system; this has not been investigated for gas turbine combustion in the past. This paper presents experimental results of atmospheric and high-pressure combustion tests using research premix burners running on vaporised liquid fuel. The following processes were investigated: • evaporation and partial decomposition of the liquid fuel (Oil No.2); • utilisation of low pressure exhaust gases to externally heat the high pressure fuel vaporiser; • operation of ABB premix-burners (EV burners) with vaporised Oil No.2; • combustion characteristics at pressures up to 25bar. Atmospheric VPL-combustion tests using Oil No.2 in ABB EV-burners under simulated gas turbine conditions have successfully produced emissions of NOx below 20vppm and of CO below 10vppm (corrected to 15% O2). 5vppm of these NOx values result from fuel bound nitrogen. Little dependence of these emissions on combustion pressure bas been observed. The techniques employed also ensured combustion with a stable non luminous (blue) flame during transition from gaseous to vaporised fuel. Additionally, no soot accumulation was detectable during combustion.
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Bentley, Jeffrey, and Thomas Tao. "Liquid Tin Anode Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Direct JP-8 Applications." In 5th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference and Exhibit (IECEC). Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-4766.

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Kuo, Cheng-Chan, Luke Neal, William Lear, Oscar Crisalle, and James Fletcher. "Effect of Liquid Barrier Layer on Open-Cathode Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Systems." In 9th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5873.

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Reports on the topic "Liquid Fuel Conversion"

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5065231.

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5100302.

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5100307.

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5128207.

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5128208.

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5128223.

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Kaplan, R., and M. Foral. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6913762.

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6566015.

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Foral, M. J. Direct conversion of light hydrocarbon gases to liquid fuel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6506177.

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Krause, Theodore. Intermediate Temperature Hybrid Fuel Cell System for the Conversion of Natural to Electricity and Liquid Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1414283.

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