Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid crystal lenses design

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid crystal lenses design'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid crystal lenses design"

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Bailey, J., S. Kaur, P. B. Morgan, H. F. Gleeson, J. H. Clamp, and J. C. Jones. "Design considerations for liquid crystal contact lenses." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 50, no. 48 (November 6, 2017): 485401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa9358.

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Algorri, José Francisco, Dimitrios C. Zografopoulos, Luis Rodríguez-Cobo, José Manuel Sánchez-Pena, and José Miguel López-Higuera. "Engineering Aspheric Liquid Crystal Lenses by Using the Transmission Electrode Technique." Crystals 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10090835.

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The transmission electrode technique has been recently proposed as a versatile method to obtain various types of liquid-crystal (LC) lenses. In this work, an equivalent electric circuit and new analytical expressions based on this technique are developed. In addition, novel electrode shapes are proposed in order to generate different phase profiles. The analytical expressions depend on manufacturing parameters that have been optimized by using the least squares method. Thanks to the proposed design equations and the associated optimization, the feasibility of engineering any kind of aspheric LC lenses is demonstrated, which is key to obtain aberration-free lenses. The results are compared to numerical simulations validating the proposed equations. This novel technique, in combination with the proposed design equations, opens a new path for the design and fabrication of LC lenses and even other types of adaptive-focus lenses based on voltage control.
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Chigrinov, Vladimir, Qi Guo, and Aleksey Kudreyko. "Photo-Aligned Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Devices with Novel Electro-Optic Characteristics." Crystals 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10070563.

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This paper examines different applications of ferroelectric liquid crystal devices based on photo-alignment. Successful application of the photo-alignment technique is considered to be a critical breakthrough. A variety of display and photonic devices with azo dye aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals is presented: smart glasses, liquid crystal Pancharatnam–Berry phase optical elements, 2D/3D switchable lenses, and laser therapy devices. Comparison of electro-optical behavior of ferroelectric liquid crystals is described considering the performance of devices. This paper facilitates the optimization of device design, and broadens the possible applications in the display and photonic area.
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Lee, Seung-Chul, Taehyeon Kim, and Woo-Sang Park. "Liquid Crystal Displays with Variable Viewing Angles Using Electric-Field-Driven Liquid Crystal Lenses as Diffusers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10020667.

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We propose a novel method for appropriately controlling the luminance distribution of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) for different usage environments by using electric-field-driven liquid crystal (ELC) lenses. The LCD systems are composed of quasi-collimated backlights (QCBLs), LC panels, and ELC lenses that are used as diffusers. To achieve a wide viewing angle, light is diffused with the ELC lenses by controlling its retardation with the voltage applied to the electrodes. For private use, a narrow viewing angle is achieved by turning the ELC lenses off so that the collimated light from the QCBLs passes directly through the liquid-crystal layer of the ELC lens and travels without diffusion. To validate the proposed method, we simulated the luminance distributions of the wide-view and narrow-view modes by using a finite difference method (FDM) and Taguchi’s design of experiments method. The simulation results show that the light distribution of the wide-view mode was 84.3% similar to the ideal Lambertian distribution and was wider than that of IPS-LCDs with wide viewing angle characteristics. In addition, the light distribution of the narrow-view mode had a full width at half maximum of 7°. The luminance of the exiting light at viewing angles of 20° and above was calculated to be close to 0.
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Zheng, Ji Hong, Ken Wen, Ling Juan Gu, and Song Lin Zhuang. "Design and Study of Optical Devices Based on Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Technology." Key Engineering Materials 428-429 (January 2010): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.428-429.356.

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Micro/nanoscale liquid crystal (LC) droplets are dispersed within polymer matrix, known as polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). LC molecules can be reoriented under an applied voltage, which makes PDLC-based devices have wide applications in optical communications, integrated optics, and panel displays, etc. In this paper, we summarized our work on holographic PDLC (H-PDLC) devices including variable attenuators, dynamic gain equalizers and focus-switchable lenses. More importantly, a specially designed H-PDLC chopper array was demonstrated, which will be applied in the new-born frequency division multiplexed high-speed fluorescence confocal microscope system.
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Zhang, Shiyuan, Wan Chen, Yang Yu, Qidong Wang, Quanquan Mu, Shixiao Li, and Jin Chen. "Twisting Structures in Liquid Crystal Polarization Gratings and Lenses." Crystals 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11030243.

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Recently, diverse twisting structures have been discovered to be a potential approach to design liquid crystal polarization gratings and lenses (LCPGs and LCPLs) with a high diffraction efficiency, broad bandwidth, wide view, and large diffraction angle. In this review, we divide these twisting structures into two main types, namely, multi-layer twisting structures with phase compensation and twisting structures forming Bragg diffraction. We found that multi-layer twisting structure LCPGs and LCPLs presented a broader bandwidth and a wider view angle by phase compensation. While for transmissive or reflective Bragg LCPGs, a large diffraction angle with high diffraction efficiency could be achieved. Based on the theoretical analysis in the review, potential research directions on novel twisting structures were prospected.
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Cuypers, Dieter, Herbert Smet, and Rik Verplancke. "70‐1: Invited Paper: Design of Active Liquid Crystal Based Contact Lenses." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 50, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 985–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.13091.

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Zhan, Tao, En-Lin Hsiang, Kun Li, and Shin-Tson Wu. "Enhancing the Optical Efficiency of Near-Eye Displays with Liquid Crystal Optics." Crystals 11, no. 2 (January 26, 2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11020107.

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We demonstrate a light efficient virtual reality (VR) near-eye display (NED) design based on a directional display panel and a diffractive deflection film (DDF). The DDF was essentially a high-efficiency Pancharatnam-Berry phase optical element made of liquid crystal polymer. The essence of this design is directing most of the display light into the eyebox. The proposed method is applicable for both catadioptric and dioptric VR lenses. A proof-of-concept experiment was conducted with off-the-shelf optical parts, where the light efficiency was enhanced by more than 2 times.
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Gleeson, Helen F., and S. Kaur. "Liquid crystal contact lenses with graphene electrodes and switchable focus." MRS Advances 1, no. 52 (2016): 3509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.467.

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ABSTRACTPresbyopia is a ubiquitous age-related disability of the eye, affecting an estimated 1.04 billion people worldwide, reducing their ability to focus on nearby objects. The various solutions to this inevitable vision deterioration are not compromise-free, with a growing need for approaches beyond conventional spectacles. The research motivation for this work is the unique solution offered by liquid crystal (LC) contact lenses to create compromise-free vision across the whole field of view. The distinctive property of LC lenses is that they are switchable, with the application of a voltage activating the lens. The change in focal power is facilitated via a voltage-dependent change in refractive index of the LC. We have successfully demonstrated several versions of electrically switchable LC contact lenses with variable additional optical power of up to +3.00 D, ideal for the correction of presbyopia.This paper offers a review of the optical and electro-optical performance recently demonstrated for the different modes of operation realized in nematic systems, including planar (homogeneous) and vertically aligned (homeotropic) aligned devices. The change in optical power obtained depends on the choice of geometry and LC material. A material with higher birefringence allows a thinner LC-lens layer to achieve a particular focal power. In the homeotropic geometry, the refractive index of the LC layer is a minimum in the ‘off’ state (ordinary refractive index, no) and the mode is polarization-independent, offering a significant advantage over planar lens designs. The construction is also simplified as only one alignment layer needs to be rubbed. Depending on the geometry used, continuously variable changes in focal power of up to +3.00D have been achieved. The response time of the lenses can be better than half a second, achieved with small applied voltages of ~7Vrms.A further important stage in the optimization of the contact lenses is the inclusion of graphene as the electrodes. Conventional ITO electrodes are too brittle for these flexible optical systems. The paper also reviews the successful incorporation of graphene into the lenses, with excellent optical and electro-optical results. The device demonstrates the huge potential of graphene in an unconventional liquid crystal device geometry that includes curvature over a relatively large area.
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Fang, Yi-Chin, Cheng Tsai, and Da-Long Cheng. "Application of Dimming Compensation Technology Via Liquid Crystal Lens for Non-Imaging Projection Laser Systems." Crystals 9, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9030122.

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The main purpose of this paper is to explore a newly developed optical design, then to further improve the overhead lighting contrast in the laser projector module. In terms of the structural design of the projector, a liquid crystal lens array was used as the local dimming system for the light source, in order to achieve the objective, which was to significantly improve the contrast facility of the projection system. Second, in terms of the design of the light source, the output method for the light source was a laser light source employing arrays of micro-scanning. The main purpose was to compensate for the dim spots in the hole between the lenses in each unit of the liquid crystal when the liquid crystal lens array was locally dimmed, and thus significantly improving the contrast facility of the projection system. In terms of the software simulation, a liquid crystal lens array was used to simulate a pore size of 2.0 mm and focal lengths of 9 cm and 23 cm. The end effect gave good control and adjustment of the bright and dark areas during local dimming of the projector’s imaging chip components. For a single laser source, the maximum contrast for local dimming was about 128:1, 438:1, and 244:1, for the Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B) optical paths, respectively. The light efficiency scores were approximately 20.91%, 20.05%, and 24.45%, for the R, G, and B optical paths, respectively. After compensation using a micro-scanning light source, the defect of having dim spots between the pores was remedied, and the light adjustment area became more uniform while the contrasts became smaller. The maximum contrasts were approximately 52:1, 122:1, and 110:1, for the R, G, and B optical paths, respectively. For the projector, when the liquid crystal lenses were not transmissive, the maximum uniformity scores were 82.25%, 87.15%, and 88.43%, for the R, G, and B optical paths, respectively.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid crystal lenses design"

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Ashraf, Mujahid Al Islam. "Design and development of liquid crystal lenses." Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20061117.145625.

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Thesis (MEng) - Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Centre for Micro-Photonics, 2006.
A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering, Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 74-77).
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Ashraf, Mujahid Al Islam, and n/a. "Design and development of liquid crystal lenses." Swinburne University of Technology. Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20061117.145625.

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The use of optics in the fields of nano-technology, telecommunication and medicine has been growing exponentially in recent years. Application of liquid crystals within optics has been a growing trend from flat screen displays to variable focus lenses in a digital versatile discs. One area of the recent developments within optics has been the development of two-photon fluorescence microscopy and high-density three-dimensional optical data storage. In such applications, where a light beam has to be focused deep within the volume of bulk media, aberrations are introduced. The most dominant aberration is spherical aberration which results from the mismatch in refractive indices of the immersion and recording media. The aim of this thesis is to design a liquid crystal lens for dynamic tube length compensation of the spherical aberration. Liquid crystal phase plates are used in everyday liquid crystal displays (LCDs) such as mobile phones and calculators. The technologies required to manufacture a liquid crystal phase plate are well understood. However, an application like three-dimensional data storage requires different properties in the liquid crystal phase plate, which are investigated in this thesis. To fabricate our liquid crystal phase plate we used ZLI-5049-000 from MERCK as the liquid crystal medium, with poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) providing the insulating and conducting layers, respectively. It has been demonstrated that vacuum vapour deposition can be used to coat a glass substrate with ITO. However, in order for the ITO coating to be conductive a method is developed where the substrate is heated to 300oC before, during and after the coating. Similarly, a method has been developed for producing a uniform 10 μm coating of PVA on top of the ITO. In order to produce a liquid crystal lens with the properties required to compensate for spherical aberration an investigation into the properties of the liquid crystals is first conducted. A liquid crystal phase plate described in chapter 3 is characterised to determine the effect of the rubbing direction of the insulating layer and the effective refractive index change with applied voltage. It has been demonstrated that an effective change in refractive index of 0.11 can be achieved with 30 volts applied across the ITO electrodes. Based on the characterisation of the liquid crystal phase plate four different liquid crystal lens designs have been proposed and tested. The lens designs are based upon convergent and divergent lenses with different refractive index lens substrates. It is determined that a liquid crystal lens with a divergent lens substrate with a refractive index of 1.785 can be used to effectively compensate for spherical aberration. This has been confirmed experimentally by using the liquid crystal lens in a two-photon confocal microscope and measuring a increase in detected intensity at a depth below the surface of a sample. The research conducted in this thesis shows the ability to dynamically compensate for spherical aberration introduced by a mismatch in the refractive indices between the immersion and sample mediums. It has also been demonstrated that new methods for fabricating the conductive and insulating layers are suitable for producing a liquid crystal lens. A liquid crystal lens based on the research in this thesis could be used in three-dimensional data storage or microscopy applications.
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Williams, Geoffrey. "Electrically controllable liquid crystal Fresnel lenses." Thesis, Durham University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303875.

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Lu, Jiahui. "Designing wavefront sensors from liquid crystal microlenses." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707989.

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Valley, Pouria. "FLAT LIQUID CRYSTAL DIFFRACTIVE LENSES WITH VARIABLE FOCUS AND MAGNIFICATION." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145737.

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Non-mechanical variable lenses are important for creating compact imaging devices. Various methods employing dielectrically actuated lenses, membrane lenses, and liquid crystal lenses were previously proposed [1-4]. In This dissertation the design, fabrication, and characterization of innovative flat tunable-focus liquid crystal diffractive lenses (LCDL) are presented. LCDL employ binary Fresnel zone electrodes fabricated on Indium-Tin-Oxide using conventional micro-photolithography. The light phase can be adjusted by varying the effective refractive index of a nematic liquid crystal sandwiched between the electrodes and a reference substrate. Using a proper voltage distribution across various electrodes the focal length can be changed between several discrete values. Electrodes are shunted such that the correct phase retardation step sequence is achieved. If the number of 2πzone boundaries is increased by a factor of m the focal length is changed from f to f/m based on the digitized Fresnel zone equation: f = rm²/2mλ, where r(m) is mth zone radius, and λ is the wavelength. The chromatic aberration of the diffractive lens is addressed and corrected by adding a variable fluidic lens. These LCDL operate at very low voltage levels (±2.5V ac input), exhibit fast switching times (20-150 ms), can have large apertures (>10 mm), and small form factor, and are robust and insensitive to vibrations, gravity, and capillary effects that limit membrane and dielectrically actuated lenses. Several tests were performed on the LCDL including diffraction efficiency measurement, switching dynamics, and hybrid imaging with a refractive lens. Negative focal lengths are achieved by adjusting the voltages across electrodes. Using these lenses in combination, magnification can be changed and zoom lenses can be formed. These characteristics make LCDL a good candidate for a variety of applications including auto-focus and zoom lenses in compact imaging devices such as camera phones. A business plan centered on this technology was developed as part of the requirements for the minor in entrepreneurship from the Eller College of Management. An industrial analysis is presented in this study that involves product development, marketing, and financial analyses (Appendix I).
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Li, Liwei. "High quality liquid crystal tunable lenses and optimization with floating electrodes." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618874.

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In addition to the display application, Liquid Crystals (LC) can be very useful in other applications such as beam steering, tunable lenses, etc.

Electro-optical LC tunable lenses have been considered as an alternative to conventional glass lenses because of their ability to change their focal length with the application of a control voltage, as well as small size and weight and low power consumption, fast speed, etc. They have a great potential in many applications such as: imaging systems of compact cameras, eye correction, and 3D display systems. So far, while many LC lens designs have been published, high quality performance has been only mentioned in very few papers; also, the level of details in those work is less than what is required to have an accurate evaluation of the performance as well as how it could be improved.

Therefore, the main goal of the work in this dissertation is designing high quality or near diffraction limited LC tunable lenses. We will not only introduce our design concepts and considerations, but also demonstrate fine details about the fabrication and evaluations. More importantly, we will use both simulation and experimental approaches for fully understanding the fundamental limiting factors affecting LC lenses. Consequently, we will introduce how they could be optimized and demonstrate the improved performance. In addition, there will be work addressing the concerns about speed, optical power, and off-axis performance.

The outline of the dissertation is given as follows, and each chapter has its own focus: In chapter 2, we will review the background of tunable LC lenses, introduce our design, and evaluate its performance in details; in chapter 3, we will investigate the physical limitations and fundamental factors affecting LC lens performance with both simulation and experimental results; in chapter 4, we will introduce the optimized design and demonstrate the improved performance; in chapter 5, we will introduce a multi-cell approach to improve its off-axis imaging performance and achieve a higher optical power, while keeping the fast switching speed; in chapter 6, we will discuss the phase reset methods to achieve higher optical power and fast response; finally in the last chapter, we will make the conclusion and summary. Also, there are four appendices in which we show the detailed LC lens fabrication process, complete optical characterization methods, simulation methods used in this dissertation work and the core Matlab codes, respectively.

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Li, Liwei. "High quality Liquid Crystal tunable lenses and optimization with floating electrodes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1385335287.

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Sova, Oleksandr. "Theoretical and experimental study of tunable liquid crystal lenses : wavefront optimization." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67581.

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Adaptive optical systems have applications in various domains: imaging (zoom and autofocus), medicine (endoscopy, ophthalmology), virtual and augmented reality. Liquid crystal-based lenses have become a big part of adaptive optics industry as they have numerous advantages in comparison with traditional methods. Despite significant progress made over the past decades, certain performance and production limitations still exist. This thesis explores ways of overcoming these problems, considering two types of tunable lenses: liquid crystal lens using dielectric dividing principle and modal control lens.The introduction of this thesis presents the theory of liquid crystals and adaptive lenses, addressing existing liquid crystal lenses as well.In the first and second chapters of this work we demonstrate the results of theoretical modeling of double dielectric optically hidden liquid crystal lens design. We have studied the influence of geometrical parameters, such as thickness of liquid crystal cell, shape and dimensions of dielectrics forming the optically hidden layer, on the optical power of the lens. The dependences of optical power on the relative permittivity and conductivity of dielectrics were obtained. The behavior of such a lens in the presence of temperature variation was analyzed. We have further extended the concept of hidden dielectric layer to exploration of microstructures. Two systems of microlenses and microprisms have been simulated. The comparison of optical phase modulation dependence on spatial frequency of microstructures was obtained. Deviations from ideal wavefronts were evaluated in both cases. We also compared proposed designs with a standard interdigital electrode approach. Suggested devices could be used for continuous light steering or as tunable microlens arrays. In the third and fourth chapters we present our studies of tunable lenses based on modal control principle. We verified simulation results by comparing them with experimentally obtained dependences of optical power and root mean square spherical aberrations. We have explored the following modifications of conventional modal control lens: 1) additional powered ring electrode; 2) floating disk electrode; 3) combination of the first two cases. The influence of each modification was studied and explained. Simulation results showed that using the combination of additional electrodes along with optimal powering technique -the wavefront could be corrected within the entire clear aperture of the lens. Modified lens meets low aberration requirements for ophthalmic applications (for example,intraocular implant). Finally, a new design of a wide aperture tunable modal control Fresnel lens was investigated. Imaging performance of the proposed Fresnel lens was evaluated and compared with the reference lens built using traditional modal control approach. The prototype device demonstrated the increase of optical powerin comparison with a conventional modal control lens of the same aperture size. A theoretical model and numerical simulations of the Fresnel lens design were presented. Simulations demonstrated a possibility of noticeable image quality improvement obtained using optimized voltages and frequencies.
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Haddock, Joshua Naaman. "Liquid Crystal Based Electro-Optic Diffractive Spectacle Lenses and Low Operating Voltage Nematic Liquid Crystals." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1304%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Paris, Fabio <1982&gt. "Liquid crystal polymers: macromolecular design for enhanced performances." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2466/.

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During this work, done mainly in the laboratories of the department of Industrial Chemistry and Materials of the University of Bologna but also in the laboratories of the Carnegie Mellon University in collaboration with prof. K. Matyjaszewski and at the university of Zaragoza in collaboration with prof. J. Barberá, was focused mainly on the synthesis and characterization of new functional polymeric materials. In the past years our group gained a deep knowledge about the photomodulation of azobenzene containing polymers. The aim of this thesis is to push forward the performances of these materials by the synthesis of well defined materials, in which, by a precise control over the macromolecular structures, better or even new functionality can be delivered to the synthesized material. For this purpose, besides the rich photochemistry of azoaromatic polymers that brings to the application, the control offered from the recent techniques of controlled radical polymerization, ATRP over all, gives an enormous range of opportunity for the developing of a new generation of functional materials whose properties are determinate not only by the chemical nature of the functional center (e.g. azoaromatic chromophore) but are tuned and even amplified by a synergy with the whole macromolecular structure. Old materials in new structures. In this contest the work of this thesis was focused mainly on the synthesis and characterization of well defined azoaromatic polymers in order to establish, for the first time, precise structure-properties correlation. In fact a series of well defined different azopolymers, chiral and achiral, with different molecular weight and highly monodisperse were synthesized and their properties were studied, in terms of photoexpansion and photomodulation of chirality. We were then able to study the influence of the macromolecular structure in terms of molecular weight and ramification on the studied properties. The huge amount of possibility offered by the tailoring of the macromolecular structure were exploited for the synthesis of new cholesteric photochromic polymers that can be used as a smart label for the certification of the thermal history of any thermosensitive product. Finally the ATRP synthesis allowed us to synthesize a total new class of material, named molecular brushes: a flat surface covered with an ultra thin layer of polymeric chain covalently bond onto the surface from one end. This new class of materials is of extreme interest as they offer the possibility to tune and manage the interaction of the surface with the environment. In this contest we synthesized both azoaromatic surfaces, growing directly the polymer from the surface, and mixed brushes: surfaces covered with incompatible macromolecules. Both type of surfaces acts as “smart” surfaces: the first it is able to move the orientation of a LC cell by simply photomodulation and, thanks to the robustness of the covalent bond, can be used as a command surface overcoming all the limitation due to the dewetting of the active layer. The second type of surface, functionalized by a grafting-to method, can self assemble the topmost layer responding to changed environmental conditions, exposing different functionality according to different environment.
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Books on the topic "Liquid crystal lenses design"

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Berge, Bruno. Varioptic, liquid lenses for miniature cameras: From the lab to industry. [Tokyo]: Monbu Kagakushō Kagaku Gijutsu Seisaku Kenkyūjo Kagaku Gijutsu Dōkō Kenkyū Sentā, 2007.

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Restaino, Sergio R. Introduction to liquid crystals for optical design and engineering. Bellingham, Washington, USA: SPIE Press, 2015.

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Hedayatnia, Mostafa. Optimization of a liquid crystal display to a heat seal connector process. Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Pub., 1993.

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Ormston, Nicholas J. Design of a fast serial interface for an on-chip active matrix liquid crystal display. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Tatchi paneru: Kaihatsu gijutsu no shinten = Touchpanels : progress of exploitation technologies. Tōkyō: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2009.

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ZnO bao mo zhi bei ji qi guang, dian xing neng yan jiu. Shanghai Shi: Shanghai da xue chu ban she, 2010.

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West, John L., Anatoliy V. Gluschenko, and Ebru Buyuktanir. Flexible Liquid Crystal Displays: Science, Technology, and Design (Liquid Crystals Book Series). CRC, 2008.

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1943-, Fischer Robert Edward, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Current developments in lens design and optical systems engineering: 2-4 August 2000, San Diego, USA. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 2000.

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(Editor), Bruce Gnade, and Edward F. Kelley (Editor), eds. Flat Panel Display Technology and Display Metrology: 27-29 January 1999, San Jose, California (Proceedings of Spie--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 3636.). Society of Photo Optical, 1999.

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Ji, De. A text display node for a control oriented local area network. 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid crystal lenses design"

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Weng, Wei-Sung, Hui-Chun Lin, Kun-Yi Lee, Li-Ling Chu, Hsin-Jung Lee, and Wei-Ching Chuang. "A Design of Cavity Filters Based on Photonic Crystal Slab Waveguide with Liquid Crystal." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 429–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17314-6_55.

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Walba, David M., Eva Körblova, Renfan Shao, Joseph E. Maclennan, Darren R. Link, Matthew A. Glaser, and Noel A. Clark. "Design of Smectic Liquid Crystal Phases Using Layer Interface Clinicity." In ACS Symposium Series, 268–81. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2001-0798.ch020.

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Awwal, Abdul, and Scot Olivier. "Design and Testing of a Liquid Crystal Adaptive Optics Phoropter." In Adaptive Optics for Vision Science, 477–509. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471914878.ch18.

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Meng, Xiao, Xiao Tong Li, Zhao Feng Cen, and Shi Tao Deng. "Regular Dot Pattern of Light Guide Used in Liquid Crystal Display Backlight." In Optics Design and Precision Manufacturing Technologies, 795–99. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-458-8.795.

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Panwar, Kuntal, and Ritu Sharma. "Design and Analysis of Decagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 495–501. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6159-3_52.

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Soon, C. F., M. Youseffi, P. Twigg, N. Blagden, and M. C. T. Denyer. "Finite Element Quantification of the Compressive Forces Induced by Keratinocyte on a Liquid Crystal Substrate." In Analysis and Design of Biological Materials and Structures, 79–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22131-6_7.

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Barzic, Andreea Irina. "Chapter 13 Liquid Crystal Polymers under Mechanical and Electromagnetic Fields: From Basic Concepts to Modern Technologies." In Electromagnetic Radiation in Analysis and Design of Organic Materials, 207–22. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315164984-14.

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"Liquid Crystal Lens." In Introduction to Adaptive Lenses, 189–269. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118270080.ch6.

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"Electrically Variable Liquid Crystal Lenses." In Smart Mini-Cameras, 197–230. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15555-11.

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Toulson, Rob, and Tim Wilmshurst. "Liquid Crystal Displays." In Fast and Effective Embedded Systems Design, 147–67. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097768-3.00008-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid crystal lenses design"

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Clark, Peter P. "Modeling and measuring liquid crystal tunable lenses." In International Optical Design Conference, edited by Mariana Figueiro, Scott Lerner, Julius Muschaweck, and John Rogers. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2073337.

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Kirby, A. K., P. J. W. Hands, and G. D. Love. "Optical design of liquid crystal lenses: off-axis modelling." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Pantazis Z. Mouroulis, Warren J. Smith, and R. Barry Johnson. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.614423.

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Park, Chan-Kyu, Yong-Seok Hwang, and Sang-Shin Lee. "The design and fabrication of birefringence lens array for integral imaging system with enhanced depth of field." In Emerging Liquid Crystal Technologies IV. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.808675.

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Yang, Ren-Kai, Guo Dung J. Su, and Chia-Ping Lin. "Zoom system without moving element by using two liquid crystal lenses with spherical electrode." In Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVIII, edited by R. Barry Johnson, Virendra N. Mahajan, and Simon Thibault. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2274019.

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Hu, Yao, Shaopu Wang, Zhen Wang, Wanlong Zhang, and Qun Hao. "Liquid crystal hologram for cylinder lens measurement." In Optical Design and Testing IX, edited by Pablo Benítez, Osamu Matoba, and Yongtian Wang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2536599.

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Thibault, Simon, Alexandre Baril, and Tigran Glastian. "Smart lighting using a liquid crystal modulator." In Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVIII, edited by R. Barry Johnson, Virendra N. Mahajan, and Simon Thibault. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2276205.

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Casti, Marta, Jeffrey S. Newmark, Tom Baur, Sanjay Gusain, Donald M. Hassler, Brendan Michalicek, Daniel P. Phipps, et al. "Analysis of space environment effects on liquid crystal variable retarders." In Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XXII, edited by R. Barry Johnson, Virendra N. Mahajan, and Simon Thibault. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2599607.

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Li, Guoqiang, Varun Penmatsa, Luyao Xu, and Thomas Mauger. "Large-Aperture Harmonic Diffractive Adaptive Liquid Crystal Lens for Vision Care." In Bio-Optics: Design and Application. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boda.2015.bw3a.5.

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Huang, Chi-Yen, Che-Ju Hsu, Jyun-Jia Jhang, and Jia-Cih Jhang. "Focal tunable liquid crystal lens with floating ring electrode (Conference Presentation)." In Current Developments in Lens Design and Optical Engineering XVIII, edited by R. Barry Johnson, Virendra N. Mahajan, and Simon Thibault. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2274738.

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Fujieda, Ichiro, Masakatsu Tada, and Fanny Rahadian. "Design of liquid crystal Fresnel lens by uneven electric field." In Optics East 2006, edited by Yasuhiro Takaya and Jonathan Kofman. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.688140.

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