Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid crystal displays (LCD)

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid crystal displays (LCD)'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid crystal displays (LCD)"

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Moundoungou, Idriss, Zohra Bouberka, Guy-Joël Fossi Tabieguia, Ana Barrera, Yazid Derouiche, Frédéric Dubois, Philippe Supiot, Corinne Foissac, and Ulrich Maschke. "End-of-Life Liquid Crystal Displays Recycling: Physico-Chemical Properties of Recovered Liquid Crystals." Crystals 12, no. 11 (November 19, 2022): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111672.

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This report focuses particularly on liquid crystals display (LCD) panels because they represent a significant amount of all WEEE collected. Technologies involving liquid crystals (LCs) have enjoyed considerable success since the 1970s in all fields of LC displays (LCDs). This currently provokes the problem of waste generated by such equipment. Based on current statistical data, the LC amount represents approximately 1.3 g for a 35-inch diameter LCD panel unit possessing a total weight of 15 kg. In France, a recent study revealed LCD waste to represent an average of 5.6 panels per household. This represents an important quantity of LCs, which are generally destroyed by incineration or washed out with detergents during the recycling processes of end-of-life (EOL) LCDs. Hence, the aim of this study is to show that it is possible to remove LC molecules from EOL-LCD panels with the goal of valorizing them in new sectors. EOL-LCD panels have undergone various stages of dismantling, chemical treatments and characterization. The first stage of manual dismantling enables the elimination of the remaining physical components of the panels to process LC molecules only, sandwiched between the two glass plates. Mechanical treatment by scraping allows us to obtain a concentrate of LCs. The results obtained from chemical and physical techniques show that these molecules retain the characteristics essential for their operation in the field of optical and electro-optical devices. As the use of LCD surfaces continues to rise significantly, the amounts and economic stakes are huge, fully justifying the development of an LC recovery process for used panels. Many potential uses have been identified for these LC molecules: in new flat LCD panels after purification of the LCs concentrate, in PDLC systems, as lubricants or in thermal applications.
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Song, Jia. "Organic light emitting diode and liquid crystal display: structure, mechanism, preparation, and comparison." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 21 (December 4, 2022): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v21i.3132.

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As technology is constantly evolving, and with the rapid development of mobile phones in recent years, OLED and LCD are widely used in the display of electronic devices such as mobile phone displays and TV displays. Both technologies have the characteristics of luminescence, but there are also great differences on their structure and mechanism behind. This review will introduce OLED and LCD in details, including the structure, mechanism, preparation, and comparison of those two technologies. This paper can give some ideas to consumers who are confused by OLED and LCD displays and help them better choose on mobile phone screens or TV screen that are suitable for them after understanding the differences.
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Maltisovs, M., and D. Pikulins. "Study of Electrical Properties of Bistable Smectic-A Liquid Crystal Displays." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 56, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2019-0026.

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Abstract Bistable smectic-A (SmA) liquid crystal display (LCD) is one of the most promising devices for smart glass applications due to long-term bistability, low haze at clear state, low transmittance at scatter state and low power consumption. The need of a good simulation model for an LCD becomes apparent during the design of driving system. Liquid crystal (LC) capacitance is critical in the simulation of LCD pixels and is voltage dependent due to the crystal characteristics. Bistable smectic-A LC capacitance model is introduced in the paper. The study describes the most relevant conclusions obtained from the measurements of electric properties of bistable SmA LCD samples and electric equivalent circuit characterization.
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Hanna, Jun-ichi, and Isamu Shimizu. "Materials in Active-Matrix Liquid-Crystal Displays." MRS Bulletin 21, no. 3 (March 1996): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400036113.

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In today's world of increasing office automation and computer-aided personal-communications systems, display devices play a very important role as person-machine interfaces. Above all, high-definition, full-color flat-panel displays will be key devices in the near future when processing huge amounts of information—including pictorial images via computer networks and telecommunication systems that transcend the present limitations of time and place—will be possible.Passive-matrix liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) represent the most widely used choice for portable display devices. Figure 1 illustrates the essential components and operating principle of a typical LCD. Each pixel is addressed by the top- and bottom-line electrodes of the cell based on information signals, producing a light image. By installing a color filter of red, green, or blue for each pixel, full-color images can be displayed. However, the essential problems of crosstalk among pixels and low response speed become serious with an increase in the number of pixels, resulting in a low contrast ratio and failure of the display to keep up with the signals.
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Ruelberg, Klaus D., and Stefan Zander. "Colour triple arrangement of liquid crystal displays (LCD)." Displays 14, no. 3 (July 1993): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(93)90038-7.

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Dietz, Henry. "Programmable Liquid Crystal Apertures and Filters for Photographic Lenses." Electronic Imaging 2021, no. 7 (January 18, 2021): 120–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2021.7.iss-120.

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LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) have become the ubiquitous low-cost display technology, with full color displays offering good resolution costing less than $10. Although LCD modules generally include either a backlight or a reflective backing, the LC panel itself merely modulates light by altering polarization. Thus, it is possible to use a transmissive LC panel as a programmable optical filter, or LCLV (Liquid Crystal Light Valve). This paper explores a variety of potential uses of commodity LC panels, including color panels, to implement programmable apertures and filters for camera lenses.
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Chen, Fuhao, Chengfeng Qiu, and Zhaojun Liu. "Investigation of Autostereoscopic Displays Based on Various Display Technologies." Nanomaterials 12, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12030429.

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The autostereoscopic display is a promising way towards three-dimensional-display technology since it allows humans to perceive stereoscopic images with naked eyes. However, it faces great challenges from low resolution, narrow viewing angle, ghost images, eye strain, and fatigue. Nowadays, the prevalent liquid crystal display (LCD), the organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and the emerging micro light-emitting diode (Micro-LED) offer more powerful tools to tackle these challenges. First, we comprehensively review various implementations of autostereoscopic displays. Second, based on LCD, OLED, and Micro-LED, their pros and cons for the implementation of autostereoscopic displays are compared. Lastly, several novel implementations of autostereoscopic displays with Micro-LED are proposed: a Micro-LED light-stripe backlight with an LCD, a high-resolution Micro-LED display with a micro-lens array or a high-speed scanning barrier/deflector, and a transparent floating display. This work could be a guidance for Micro-LED applications on autostereoscopic displays.
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Gao, Zhiwen, Honglong Ning, Rihui Yao, Wei Xu, Wenxin Zou, Chenxiao Guo, Dongxiang Luo, Hengrong Xu, and Junlin Xiao. "Mini-LED Backlight Technology Progress for Liquid Crystal Display." Crystals 12, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12030313.

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As consumers pursue higher display quality, Mini-LED backlight technology has become the focus of research in the current display field. With its size advantage (100–200 μm), it can achieve one-thousand-level divisional dimming, and it can also be combined with quantum dot technology to greatly improve the contrast, color gamut, dark state and other element of the display performance of LCD displays. Mini-LED backlight technology is undoubtedly the most ideal solution to realize a highly dynamic range display of LCD displays, and has been widely commercialized in many fields such as TVs, tablet computers, notebook computers, and car monitors. This review mainly introduces the efforts made by researchers to eliminate the halo effect, thinning of the backlight module and reducing the backlight power consumption. The application of quantum dot technology in backlight is also presented. We predict that the number of Mini-LED backlight partitions is expected to reach a level of more than 3000 in the future, further utilizing the advantages of the small size in local dimming, but it will also inevitably be challenged by some issues such as power consumption and heat dissipation.
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Maltisovs, M., K. Krumins, A. Ozols, and D. Pikulins. "Study of the Operational Properties of Bistable Smectic-A Liquid Crystal Displays." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 55, no. 3 (June 1, 2018): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2018-0021.

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Abstract Nowadays liquid crystal display (LCD) is an integral part of humans’ everyday life. High demand for new and innovative LCD products force LCD industry to develop and implement new types of LCDs. Bistable smectic-A (SmA) LCD is one of the most promising devices for smart glass applications due to long-term bistability, low haze at clear state, low transmittance at scatter state and low power consumption. The study describes the most relevant conclusions obtained from frequency response testing and electric current measurements of bistable SmA LCD samples. Bistable LCDs have two states: opaque (light scattering state) and focal conic (transparent state). Switching between clear and scatter states and vice versa is a frequency dependant process. The conducted research on bistable SmA LC frequency response provides important knowledge about operation principles of the smart glass devices.
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Avram, Sebastian, Cătălin Daniel Căleanu, Radu Vasiu, Andreea-Mirela Safta, and Horatiu George Belei. "Hardware and Software Integration of an Electrophoretic display on a smart meter." ITM Web of Conferences 29 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20192903003.

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Electronic and smart electricity meters traditionally use as user interface liquid crystal displays due to low cost and proven technology. This paper presents the integration of a flexible electrophoretic display on a smart meter and the possible use cases of such a display. The two main benefit of EPD displays are image retention which can be used as read without power feature and lower power consumption compared to LCD for smart meters. The smart meters available on the market use batteriesor super capacitors for the read without power feature and require each 20ms tenths of mA to displayinformation on the LCD.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid crystal displays (LCD)"

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Leckner, Sara. "Soft proofing using liquid crystal displays." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Numerical Analysis and Computer Science, NADA, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1701.

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Development of colour management systems, the level ofstandardisation, as well as the embedding of facilities forcolour management into computer operating systems and software,enables successful future interoperability of colour reproductionin the graphic arts industry. Yet colour reproduction from onemedium to another, still gives rise to inconsistencies.

This thesis investigates colour management and controlprocesses in premedia and press process workflows in graphic artsproduction, including standards, instruments and procedures. Thegoal is to find methods for higher efficiency and control ofcolour print media production processes, aiming at increasingcolour consistency and process automation and of reducingoverheads. The focus is on the control of colour data by displaysin prepress processes producing low quality paper products. Inthis respect the greatest interest of this thesis is on technicaland visual characteristics of displays with respect tp thereproduction of colour, especially desktop Thin Film TransistorLiquid Crystal Displays (TFTLCD) compared to portable TFTLCDs andCathod Ray Tube (CRT) monitors.

In order to reach the desired goal, this thesis is based on aliterature survey and empirical studies. The empirical studiesinclude both qualitative and quantitative methods, organised intothree parts:

    Colour process management: Analysed case studies of theimplementation of colour management in entire graphic artsproduction workflow processes.

    Display technology: LCD and CRT displays have been examinedthrough measurements to establish their fundamental strengthsand weaknesses in reproducing colours.

    Comparison of reproduction: A perceptual experiment hasbeen conducted to determine the ability of the disparatecomponents included in a colour management system to co-operateand match reproduced colour, according to the perceivedpreference of observers.

It was found that in most cases consistent colour fidelitydepends on the knowledge and experience of the actors involved inthe production process, including the utilisation of routines andequipment. Lack of these factors is not necessarily fatal for thefinal low quality paper colour product, but obstructs theautomation. In addition, increased digitalisation will increasethe importance of displays in such processes. The results showthat CRTs and desktop LCDs meet most of the demands of colourreproduction in various areas of low quality paper productionprocesses, e.g. newspaper production. However, some fundamentalaspects, such as low digital input values, viewing angles andcolour temperature, matters that concern characterisation andcalibration, still need to be developed. Concerning softproofing, the matching correspondence between hard and softcopies gives similar results for both CRT and LCDs forhigh-quality paper originals, if the luminance is decreased onthe LCD (to luminance levels of CRTs). Soft proofing of lowquality papers gives equally lower matching agreement for bothCRT and LCD, in this case when the luminance of the LCD is sethigher (e.g. about twice the levels luminance levels ofCRTs).

Keywords:Displays, LCD, CRT, premedia, prepress, softproof, workflows, newspaper, colour management systems, colourcontrol, colour reproduction

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Hurley, Shawn Patrick. "Liquid Crystal Displays for Pixelated Glare Shielding Eyewear." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1279550994.

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Osterman, Jesper. "Investigations of Optical Properties and Photo-Alignment in Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Displays." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6083.

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Mienko, Marek. "Tiled photoluminescent liquid crystal displays using LED illumination." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.616175.

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Li, Shuo. "Multiple-LED color-sequential liquid crystal on silicon projector /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202008%20LIS.

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Peters, Stuart Richard. "Competition and technological change in the liquid crystal display (LCD) industry." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327114.

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Tavares, Viviane. "Caracterização e processamento de telas de cristal líquido visando a reciclagem." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-22032007-150914/.

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As telas de cristal líquido (LCD) são usadas em TVs, calculadoras, telefones celulares, computadores (laptop e palm), vídeo games e agendas eletrônicas. O aumento e a rápida obsolescência tecnológica desses dispositivos eletrônicos causa o descarte excessivo de LCDs usados, diminuindo a vida útil de aterros. Por isso é necessário o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia de reciclagem de LCDs, que deve ser iniciada pela caracterização de LCDs, seguida do processamento das telas com objetivo de separar os materiais, utilizando algumas técnicas de Tratamento de Minérios. Os ensaios realizados para caracterização dos componentes da tela foram: solubilização em solvente; chama; infravermelho; DSC; MEV com EDS; difração de raios-X; e perda ao fogo. A seqüência identificada dos materiais de fora para dentro foi: triacetato de celulose, poli (álcool) vinil dopado com iodo, triacetato de celulose, cristal líquido, vidro com ITO, triacetato de celulose, poli (álcool) vinil dopado com iodo, triacetato de celulose, polímero não identificado com mica. Após a caracterização foi realizada a etapa de liberação de materiais, utilizando-se de moinhos de rolos, de disco, de martelos, de bolas, separação por álcool, imersão em nitrogênio líquido, e solubilização em água, para separação dos materiais recicláveis. A operação de Tratamento de Minérios que apresentou cerca de 98% de separação dos materiais foi com o moinho de martelos. Este material pode ser usado eventualmente como substituto da areia. Para viabilizar a separação dos materiais existe a necessidade de alteração no projeto das LCDs.
Liquid crystal displays (LCD) are used in TVs, calculators, mobiles, computers (laptop and palm), video games and electronic agendas. The increasing and fast technological obsolescence of these electronic devices causes their extreme discard, decreasing the landfills useful life. Therefore it is necessary the development of a LCD recycling methodology which must be started by the LCDs characterization, followed by the displays processing with the objective of separating materials, using some Ore Treatment techniques. The characterization tests of the LDC components: solvent solubilization, flame, infrarred, DSC, MEV with coupled EDS, X-ray diffraction and loss on fire. The sequence of the identified materials were: celulose triacetate, poly vinyl alcohol with iodine, cellulose triacetate, liquid cristal, ITO glass, cellulose triacetate, poly vinyl alcohol with iodine, cellulose triacetate, polymer with muscovite. Following the characterization, the materials releasing step was performed. Firstly the LCDs were grinded using different kinds of mills, then the grinded materials were passed through several separation tests: separation on alcohol, immersion in liquid nitrogen and solubilization in water. Hammer milling present the best results. The project of the LCDs should be improved in order to allow the materials separation.
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Aiken, John Charles. "The development of a colour liquid crystal display spatial light modulator and applications in polychromatic optical data processing." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326384.

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Leung, Kit Yee. "Single-panel sequential-color LCOS projectors using LED lamps /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?ECED%202008%20LEUNG.

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Jang, Yong-Kyu. "ADVANCED UNDERSTANDING OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES IN PHASE COMPENSATED LIQUID CRYSTAL DEVICES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1185484614.

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Books on the topic "Liquid crystal displays (LCD)"

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Shunsuke, Kobayashi, Mikoshiba Shigeo, and Lim Sungkyoo, eds. LCD backlights. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K: Wiley, 2009.

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Tsukada, Toshihisa. TFT/LCD: Liquid-crystal displays addressed by thin-film transistors. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1996.

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Components, Philips. Liquid crystal displays and driver ICs for LCD: Data handbook. London: Philips Components Ltd, 1991.

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Tsukada, Toshihisa. TFT/LCD: Liquid-crystal displays addressed by thin-film transistors. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach, 1996.

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Aoki, Hitoshi. Dynamic characterization of a-Si TFT-LCD pixels. Palo Alto, CA: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Technical Publications Department, 1996.

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Karā firutā no purosesu gijutsu to kemikarusu: Technologies for LCD color filters. Tōkyō: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2010.

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International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (2001 Tokyo, Japan). AM-LCD 01: Digest of technical papers : 2001 International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays, TFT technologies and related materials, July 11-13, 2001, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan. [Kobe, Japan]: Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2001.

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International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (1999 Tokyo, Japan). AM-LCD 99: Digest of technical papers :1999 International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays, TFT technologies and related materials, July 14-16, 1999, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan. [Kobe, Japan]: Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1999.

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International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays (1996 Kōbe-shi, Japan). AM-LCD 96: Digest of technical papers :1996 International Workshop on Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays in conjunction with IDW'96, November 27-29, 1996, International Conference Center Kobe, Kobe, Japan. Kobe, Japan: Japan Society of Applied Physics, 1996.

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Yu, Gang, and Yanbing Hou. LED and display technologies: 18-19 October 2010, Beijing, China. Edited by SPIE (Society), Zhongguo guang xue xue hui, Beijing gong ye xue yuan, Zhongguo ke xue ji shu xie hui, Guo jia zi ran ke xue ji jin wei yuan hui (China), and China. Guo jia ke xue ji shu bu. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid crystal displays (LCD)"

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Cristaldi, David J. R., Salvatore Pennisi, and Francesco Pulvirenti. "Charge Pumps for LCD Drivers." In Liquid Crystal Display Drivers, 237–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2255-4_7.

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Hashimoto, Hugo, Priscilla Aki Mori de Hanashiro, Viviane Tavares de Moraes, and Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa. "Indium Recovery from Discarded Light Emitting Diode (LED) Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) TV: Influence of Leaching Reagents." In EPD Congress 2014, 99–103. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118889664.ch12.

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Cristaldi, David J. R., Salvatore Pennisi, and Francesco Pulvirenti. "Drivers for Passive-Matrix LCDs." In Liquid Crystal Display Drivers, 109–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2255-4_4.

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Cristaldi, David J. R., Salvatore Pennisi, and Francesco Pulvirenti. "Drivers for Active-Matrix LCDs." In Liquid Crystal Display Drivers, 189–235. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2255-4_6.

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Cristaldi, David J. R., Salvatore Pennisi, and Francesco Pulvirenti. "Passive LCDs and Their Addressing Techniques." In Liquid Crystal Display Drivers, 75–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2255-4_3.

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Cristaldi, David J. R., Salvatore Pennisi, and Francesco Pulvirenti. "Active Matrix LCDs and Their Addressing Techniques." In Liquid Crystal Display Drivers, 145–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2255-4_5.

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Schadt, M. "Liquid Crystal Displays." In Liquid Crystals, 195–226. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08393-2_6.

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McRoberts, Michael. "Liquid Crystal Displays." In Beginning Arduino, 165–81. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5017-3_8.

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McRoberts, Michael. "Liquid Crystal Displays." In Beginning Arduino, 171–89. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3241-4_8.

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Cristaldi, David J. R., Salvatore Pennisi, and Francesco Pulvirenti. "Liquid Crystal Displays." In Liquid Crystal Display Drivers, 33–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2255-4_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid crystal displays (LCD)"

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Loudin, Jeffrey A., Jason N. Duffey, Joseph J. Booth, and Brian K. Jones. "Liquid crystal display (LCD) drive electronics." In SPIE's 1995 Symposium on OE/Aerospace Sensing and Dual Use Photonics, edited by David P. Casasent and Tien-Hsin Chao. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.205803.

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Flasck, Richard A., and Scott H. Holmberg. "Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor (TFT) Driven Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD)." In 1985 Los Angeles Technical Symposium, edited by Elliott Schlam. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.946383.

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Zhang, Y. G., P. F. Gu, X. Liu, and J. F. Tang. "Polarizing dichroic filters used in TFT-LCD projectors." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.tud.7.

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The use of LCD in the projection display has made great progress in the recent years. It is expected that projectors based on active-matrix liquid crystal displays for both professional and consumer applications will produce a net manufacture revenue equal to or even greater than that of CRT-based consumer projection TV in years coming.
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Nordin, G. P., M. W. Jones, R. G. Lindquist, J. H. Kulick, and S. T. Kowel. "Diffractive Optical Elements for 3-D Displays Based on the Partial Pixel 3-D Display Architecture." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.jtuc.3.

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Real-time holographic display architectures are currently of significant interest,1-2 in part due to intense international competition to develop advanced displays for high definition television, three-dimensional (3-D) workstations, and virtual reality systems. We have recently invented an alternate approach to holographic displays for such applications. Our 3-D display architecture (referred to as the “partial pixel architecture”) is functionally equivalent to a holographic stereogram, yet lends itself to real-time implementation using flat panel liquid crystal technology in conjunction with diffractive optical elements.3 A key innovation of the architecture is the encoding of very high space-bandwidth product components typical of holographic displays into a fixed diffractive optical element (DOE), while the lower space-bandwidth product components of actual images are displayed in real-time on a conventional liquid crystal display (LCD). In this paper we discuss diffractive optical element design considerations and implementation issues for real-time 3-D displays based on the partial pixel architecture.
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Aoyama, Shigeru, Tsuyoshi Kurahashi, Daidou Uchida, Masayuki Shinohara, and Tsukasa Yamashita. "Giant Microoptics: Wide Applications in Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Systems." In Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/domo.1996.dwb.1.

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Microoptic devices1,2) as shown in fig.1 are becoming standard optical components by recent development in optical imaging systems and fiber communication systems because of 2-D configuration facility and mass productivity using replicating technique3). In particular, LCD systems have been grown up very fast in these few years and will be a promising industrial field of microoptic devices. For this purpose, area size must be increased from a few mm to a few 10 cm, while μm feature size is still remained, and this is called giant microoptics.
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Telles, A. C. C., L. R. Felix, M. H. Comerlato, A. P. Mammana, D. S. Rozario, and S. Eleutério Filho. "Failure Analysis of LCD Drivers: A Case Study." In ISTFA 2002. ASM International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2002p0445.

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Abstract A manufacturer of computer based products in Brazil has experienced a sudden increase of failures in the LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays) used in its products returned from field. The failures appear as dark columns. This paper describes the technique applied to find out the root cause of the failures. Conclusions pointed to a problem in the process for curing the adhesive conductive film (ACF), which provides connection of flip chip drivers to the LCD.
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Johnson, Kristina M. "Ferroelectric liquid crystal electrooptic devices." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.tut1.

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Meyer et al. showed in 1975 that in certain conditions smectic c liquid crystals will be ferroelectric with a macroscopic polarization p lying in the (x, y) plane of the molecular layers. In 1980, Clark and Lagerwall demonstrated a submicrosecond liquid crystal switch by inducing ferroelectricity in 2 [cf9]m[cf341]m of LC material surface stabilized between two glass plates. This tutorial discusses the present and fundamental operating characteristics of ferroelectric LCs including response time, contrast ratio, switching energy, resolution, and size in optical interconnection, neurocomputing, switching, and displays.
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Roehrig, Hans, Jiahua Fan, William J. Dallas, Elizabeth A. Krupinski, and Jeffrey Johnson. "Effect of spatial noise of medical grade Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) on the detection of micro-calcification." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by F. Patrick Doty, H. Bradford Barber, Hans Roehrig, and Richard C. Schirato. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.830043.

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Gibson, D. R., M. J. Hanney, R. J. Lewis, G. Garin, and R. Ruh. "Advanced Liquid Crystal Display backlighting for portable personal electronic devices." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1998.ctui89.

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Uniform, high efficiency and miniaturized liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights are required for installation in portable personal electronic devices. Display miniaturisation, resolution and colour requirements require enhancement in backlight illumination level and uniformity, higher efficiency/ reduced number of light sources and reduced size.
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Silverstein, Louis D., Frank E. Gomer, Yei-Yu Yeh, and John H. Krantz. "Empirical Studies of Color Matrix Display Image Quality." In Applied Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/av.1989.fa6.

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Color matrix display (CMD) technology has evolved to the point of viability for many information display applications. The matrix-addressed color liquid crystal display (LCD) currently appears to be the most suitable CMD technology for producing full-color images. Relative to color displays based on the shadow-mask cathode ray tube (CRT), the benchmark technology against which all other color display technologies must be evaluated, CMD panels offer potential improvements in design flexibility from the standpoint of relatively low power requirements, smaller volume, increased reliability, and better image visibility under high-ambient lighting conditions. These attributes make the CMD particularly attractive for vehicular and field-based display applications.
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Reports on the topic "Liquid crystal displays (LCD)"

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Gunther, John E., and Ronald G. Hegg. Liquid Crystal Matrix Image Source for Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada326374.

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Armstrong, James B., Sonia R. Dodd, and James M. Henz. Display Ruggedization for Military Applications Using Automotive-Grade Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada349440.

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Hermanns, Anno, Mu-San Chen, Walter Dressick, Jeffrey Calvert, and Catherine O'Ferrall. Channel Constrained Metalization Patterning of Reflective Backplane Electrodes for Liquid Crystal-on-Silicon Displays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada361352.

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Carey, P., and H. Kamath. Development of Plastic Substrate Technology for Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays Final Report CRADA No. TC-761-93. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1426123.

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Carey, P., and P. Smith. Development of Plastic Substrate Technology for Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Displays Final Report CRADA No. TC-761-93. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/757014.

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Watson, P., V. Sergan, J. E. Anderson, J. Ruth, and P. J. Bos. A Study of the Dynamics of Reflection Color, Helical Axis Orientation, and Domain Size in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Displays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada455825.

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