Journal articles on the topic 'Liquid coating'
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1
Wang, Kaifeng, Jing Cheng, Yunsheng Zhu, Xianrong Wang, and Xiaowei Li. "Experimental research on the performance of the thermal-reflective coatings with liquid silicone rubber for pavement applications." e-Polymers 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2021-0046.
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Abstract The thermal-reflective coating technology can effectively realize the active cooling of asphalt pavement, thus delaying the occurrence of pavement rutting. Although solid fillers are usually used to absorb light and weaken light dazzle in traditional thermal-reflective coatings, this method makes the filler component complicated and the coatings more viscous and increases the difficulty of painting the coating material on the pavement surface. On account of all the aforementioned factors, this experimental study aims to effectively improve the performance of the thermal-reflective coating with liquid silicone rubber addition in which epoxy resin is the base material and rutile titanium dioxide is the pigment filler for the coating film. Through lab experiments, the effects of the proper liquid silicone rubber dosage on the glossiness, cooling performance, and hardness of the thermal-reflective coating are studied and analyzed. The experimental results show that the liquid silicone is very effective for coating toughness improvement. The thermal-reflective coating, when the liquid silicone rubber dosage changes from 10 to 14 wt%, exhibits a matt state, and its glossiness can be controlled below 30 GU, which meets the safety and antiglare requirements of traffic vehicles. It demonstrates that liquid silicone rubber can influence the viscosity of the thermal-reflective coatings, and when the liquid silicone dosage reaches 16 wt%, the viscosity of the coating increases by 7.26 wt% less than that of the solid matting filler. Liquid silicone rubber can also influence the cooling effect of the thermal-reflective coatings, with the liquid silicone rubber dosage of 16 wt%, the asphalt pavement temperature can reduce 0.5°C. Besides, liquid silicone rubber reduces the hardness of the coatings, the coating hardness is 6H when the liquid silicone rubber dosage is 0–10 wt%, and the hardness of the coating reduces to 5H when liquid silicone dosage is from 12 to 16 wt%, which meets the actual requirements. Therefore, this article recommends a 12 wt% dosage of the liquid silicone rubber to be used as a matting filler for the thermal-reflective coatings.
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Zhang, Weixin, Johan Lub, Albertus P. H. J. Schenning, Guofu Zhou, and Laurens T. de Haan. "Polymer Stabilized Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Siloxane for Temperature-Responsive Photonic Coatings." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051803.
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Temperature-responsive photonic coatings are appealing for a variety of applications, including smart windows. However, the fabrication of such reflective polymer coatings remains a challenge. In this work, we report the development of a temperature-responsive, infrared-reflective coating consisting of a polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal siloxane, applied by a simple bar coating method. First, a side-chain liquid crystal oligosiloxane containing acrylate, chiral and mesogenic moieties was successfully synthesized via multiple steps, including preparing precursors, hydrosilylation, deprotection, and esterification reactions. Products of all the steps were fully characterized revealing a chain extension during the deprotection step. Subsequently, the photonic coating was fabricated by bar-coating the cholesteric liquid crystal oligomer on glass, using a mediator liquid crystalline molecule. After the UV-curing and removal of the mediator, a transparent IR reflective polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal coating was obtained. Notably, this fully cured, partially crosslinked transparent polymer coating retained temperature responsiveness due to the presence of non-reactive liquid-crystal oligosiloxanes. Upon increasing the temperature from room temperature, the polymer-stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal coating showed a continuous blue-shift of the reflection band from 1400 nm to 800 nm, and the shift was fully reversible.
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Gigante, Vito, Luca Panariello, Maria-Beatrice Coltelli, Serena Danti, Kudirat Abidemi Obisesan, Ahdi Hadrich, Andreas Staebler, et al. "Liquid and Solid Functional Bio-Based Coatings." Polymers 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2021): 3640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13213640.
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The development of new bio-based coating materials to be applied on cellulosic and plastic based substrates, with improved performances compared to currently available products and at the same time with improved sustainable end of life options, is a challenge of our times. Enabling cellulose or bioplastics with proper functional coatings, based on biopolymer and functional materials deriving from agro-food waste streams, will improve their performance, allowing them to effectively replace fossil products in the personal care, tableware and food packaging sectors. To achieve these challenging objectives some molecules can be used in wet or solid coating formulations, e.g., cutin as a hydrophobic water- and grease-repellent coating, polysaccharides such as chitosan-chitin as an antimicrobial coating, and proteins as a gas barrier. This review collects the available knowledge on functional coatings with a focus on the raw materials used and methods of dispersion/application. It considers, in addition, the correlation with the desired final properties of the applied coatings, thus discussing their potential.
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Svetlov, Stanislav D., Dmitry A. Sladkovskiy, Kirill V. Semikin, Alexander V. Utemov, Rufat Sh Abiev, and Evgeny V. Rebrov. "Synthesis of Thin Titania Coatings onto the Inner Surface of Quartz Tubes and Their Photoactivity in Decomposition of Methylene Blue and Rhodamine B." Catalysts 11, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11121538.
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An evaporation-deposition coating method for coating the inner surface of long (>1 m) quartz tubes of small diameter has been studied by the introduction of two-phase (gas-liquid) flow with the gas core flowing in the middle and a thin liquid film of synthesis sol flowing near the hot tube wall. The operational window for the deposition of continuous titania coatings has been obtained. The temperature range for the deposition of continuous titania coatings is limited to 105–120 °C and the gas flow rate is limited to the range of 0.4–1.0 L min−1. The liquid flow rate in the annular flow regime allows to control the coating thickness between 3 and 10 micron and the coating porosity between 10% and 20%. By increasing the liquid flow rate, the coating porosity can be substantially reduced. The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2 chemisorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The coatings were tested in the photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue and rhodamine B under UV-light and their activity was similar to that of a commercial P25 titania catalyst.
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Hýsek, Štěpán, Hakan Fidan, Miloš Pánek, Martin Böhm, and Kamil Trgala. "WATER PERMEABILITY OF EXTERIOR WOOD COATINGS: WATERBORNE ACRYLATE DISPERSIONS FOR WINDOWS." Journal of Green Building 13, no. 3 (June 2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.13.3.1.
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Permeability of coatings for water and water vapor is an important factor in their wood protective function. In this study, the permeability of coatings in terms of liquid water and water vapor absorption and desorption was measured based on different parts of the standard EN 927. This study evaluated the permeability of commercial coating systems and ascertained effects of coating layering on the coating permeability. For this measurement, six different waterborne acrylate dispersions were used as paint on spruce test samples. The results clearly revealed that liquid water and water vapor uptake were affected by coating film thickness, number of coats, and coating composition (producer). It was ascertained that the type of coating pigmentation affected water absorption of coatings and that with a constant coating film thickness, the number of coats affected water vapor absorption and desorption, but not water absorption. Furthermore, it was observed that the number of coats affected the correlation between the coating film thickness and water vapor absorption and desorption. The values for water vapor absorption were much higher than for liquid water absorption and, unlike the water vapor absorption rate, the water vapor desorption rate was approximately 50% lower.
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Brezinová, Janette, Anna Guzanová, Jana Tkáčová, Jakub Brezina, Kristína Ľachová, Dagmar Draganovská, Filip Pastorek, Pavlo Maruschak, and Olegas Prentkovskis. "High Velocity Oxygen Liquid-Fuel (HVOLF) Spraying of WC-Based Coatings for Transport Industrial Applications." Metals 10, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121675.
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In this article, we analyse five types of coatings, in terms of their microstructure, hardness, porosity, and wear resistance, in the as-sprayed state. The coatings are WC-based (WC-FeCrAl, WC-WB-Co, and WC-NiMoCrFeCo), alloy-based (Co-MoCrSi), or nanoWC coating-based (nanoWC-CoCr). Two tests were applied to assess the wear resistance of the coatings: a dry-pot wear test with two impact angles and an abrasive test using an abrasive cloth with two grit sizes. Porosity was determined by image analysis. Vickers impression was performed on cross-sections of the coatings, in order to determine their indentation fracture toughness. The highest hardness of the tested coatings was recorded for the nanoWC coating, followed by the rest of the WC-based coatings; meanwhile, the lowest hardness was recorded for the alloy coating. Minimal porosity was achieved by the alloy coating, due to its different nature and the absence of hard particles with a higher melting point. The NanoWC coating and other WC-based coatings had a higher porosity; however, porosity did not exceed 1% for each coating. The best wear resistance was achieved by the nanoWC coating, followed by the other WC-based coatings, with the lowest obtained by the alloy coating. The same tendency was recorded when determining the indentation fracture toughness. From a microscopic point of view, the structure of the evaluated coatings is not compact; nevertheless, their properties are excellent, and they act as compact coatings under load.
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Handschuh-Wang, Stephan, Lifei Zhu, and Tao Wang. "Is There a Relationship between Surface Wettability of Structured Surfaces and Lyophobicity toward Liquid Metals?" Materials 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102283.
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The liquid metal lyophobicity of a rough substrate was, in previous articles, found to be rather independent on the surface wettability. In this article, we scrutinize the impact of surface wettability of a structured (rough) surface on the liquid metal wettability and adhesion. As a model system, a structured diamond coating was synthesized and modified by air plasma. We show that surface wettability (surface free energy) does not play a prominent role for static contact angle measurements and for the liquid metal repelling properties of the diamond coating in droplet impact experiments. In contrast, roll off angles and repeated deposition experiments illustrate that the increased hydrophilicity impacts the long-term liquid metal repellency of our coating. Liquid metal adhered after around 50 deposition/removal cycles on the hydrophilic diamond coating, while no liquid metal adhesion was visible after 100 cycles on the hydrophobic diamond coating, illustrating the fundamental role for the adhesion of liquid metal. The effect of repeated deposition in conjunction with gentle applied force was employed for coating the liquid metal lyophobic (hydrophilic) diamond coating with a thin liquid metal layer. The observed effect may find application in flexible electronics and thermal management systems as a means to improve interfacing of the liquid metal with conductive non-metal coatings.
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Loganina, Valentina I. "Super-Hydrophobic Coating Based on Acrylic Resin A01." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.720.
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Information on the effect of organosilicon liquid on the hydrophobic properties of coatings, based on acrylic resin, is presented. It is shown that the value of the contact angle on the anti-icing coating is 151-154 degrees. When moistened for 72 hours, a decrease in the value of the contact angle, especially on the control coating, is 81-103 degrees. However, at the introduction of liquid 136-41, a decrease in the contact angle is insignificant. The surface energy of the coatings was calculated. It was found that the introduction of an organosilicon liquid in an acrylic composition increases the surface energy of the coatings.
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Prisusilo, Yoga, and Ihsan Saputra. "Pengujian dan Pengukuran Perubahan Coating Liquid Flow Rate dan Coating Time Duration Terhadap Hasil Coating Quality Angle Mesin Diener Tetra 100." Jurnal Teknologi dan Riset Terapan (JATRA) 3, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jatra.v3i2.3174.
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Salah satu hal yang menjadi tolak ukur kualitas dari suatu produk adalah produk sesuai dengan spesifikasi dan tidak terdapat cacat produk. Mesin diener tetra 100 berfungsi untuk memproduksi Housing top, Housing Bottom, Rocker switch, Batre door, push button, dan T. Coil. Biasanya produk mesin Diener Tetra 100 sering terjadi reject disebabkan karena kotor, setting parameter salah, serta tingkat pemanasan Coating yang tidak sesuai. Pada penelitian ini dikaji tentang pengaruh perubahan parameter mesin Diener Tetra 100 dan pengecekan pengukuran terhadap hasil coating. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai yang optimal dari pengaturan aliran cairan coating (coating liquid flow rate) dan durasi waktu penyemprotan coating (time duration). Penelitian memvariasikan settingan parameter coating liquid flow rate, coating time duration, dan temperature chamber. Dimana untuk variabel bebas Time duration 10 menit, 30 menit, 45 menit, serta variabel bebas coating liquitd flow rate, 70 mL/second, 100 mL/second, 130 mL/second, dengan temperature chamber yang sama 60oC. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini, ditemukan 3 parameter yang optimal pada mesin Diener Tetra 100. Di antaranya adalah parameter coating time duration 45 menit dan coating liquid Flow rate 70 ml/second; Time Duration Liquid 30 menit dan Coating liquid flow rate 100 ml/second; Time Duration Liquid 10 menit dan Coating liquid flow rate 130 mL/second, karena presentase reject produk yang didapatkan dari hasil penelitian ini rendah.
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Yan, Xiaoxing, Lin Wang, and Xingyu Qian. "Effect of Coating Process on Performance of Reversible Thermochromic Waterborne Coatings for Chinese Fir." Coatings 10, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030223.
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The effect of the coating process on the properties of reversible thermochromic waterborne coating on the surface of Chinese fir was examined. The results demonstrated that the most critical process parameter affecting the color difference and gloss of the coating was the way of adding thermochromic ink. The coating process had little influence on the adhesion, impact resistance adding, liquid resistance, and original properties of the coating. There was no obvious gloss variation in the coating under different coating processes. For the (3+3) layered coatings, when the thermochromic ink was added to the topcoats, the discoloration performance was the most obvious and the comprehensive performance of coating was better. Meanwhile, the gloss was 55.6%, the adhesion grade was grade 0, the impact resistance was 5.0 kg·cm, the liquid resistance grade of the coating to sodium chloride, ethanol and detergent was grade 1, and the liquid resistance grade to red ink was grade 3. The discoloration performance of the coating was stable under the conditions of aging and time change. This study provides new insight into preparing thermochromic intelligent waterborne wood coatings with potential practical applications on Chinese fir wood surfaces, and also lays a foundation for its application in furniture engineering.
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Udabe, Esther, Anthony Sommers, Maria Forsyth, and David Mecerreyes. "Cation Effect in the Corrosion Inhibition Properties of Coumarate Ionic Liquids and Acrylic UV-Coatings." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112611.
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Chromate free corrosion inhibitors are searched for to mitigate the economic loss caused by mid-steel corrosion. Here, we show metal-free organic inhibitors having free coumarate anions that can be used either as direct corrosion inhibitors or incorporated into a polymer coating obtained by UV-curing. Four different ionic liquid monomers and polymer coatings with hexoxycoumarate anion and different polymerizable counter cations were investigated. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and surface analyses have verified their corrosion inhibition performance on a mild steel AS1020 surface. In the case of the coumarate ionic liquid monomers, the most promising inhibitor is the one coupled with the ammonium cation, showing an inhibition efficiency of 99.1% in solution followed by the imidazolium, pyridinium, and anilinium. Next, the ionic liquid monomers were covalently integrated into an acrylic polymer coating by UV-photopolymerization. In this case, the barrier effect of the polymer coating is combined with the corrosion inhibitor effect of the pendant coumarate anion. Here, the best polymer coatings are those containing 20% imidazolium and pyridinium cations, presenting a greater impedance in the EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) measurements and less evidence of corrosion in the scribe tests. This article shows that the cationic moiety of coumarate based ionic liquids and poly(ionic liquid)s has a significant effect on their excellent corrosion inhibition properties for a mild steel surface exposed to aqueous chloride solutions.
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Li, Fengqin, Yong Liu, Honggen Zhou, and Guizhong Tian. "Preparation and Evaluation of PDMS/Carbon Soot Particles Superhydrophobic Biomimetic Composite Coating with Self-Cleaning and Durability." Biomimetics 7, no. 3 (September 13, 2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7030132.
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In this paper, a superhydrophobic biomimetic composite coating was fabricated on brass by electrochemical etching, brushing PDMS adhesive layer, and depositing carbon soot particles. Due to the microstructure and the optimized ratio of PDMS, the contact angle of the superhydrophobic coating is up to 164° and the sliding angle is only 5°. The results of optical microscopy and morphometric laser confocal microscopy show that the prepared coating surface has a rough hierarchical structure. A high-speed digital camera recorded the droplet bouncing process on the surface of the superhydrophobic coating. The self-cleaning property of the coatings was evaluated by applying chalk dust particles as simulated solid contaminants and different kinds of liquids (including grape juice, beer, cola, and blue ink) as liquid contaminants. The coating remained superhydrophobic after physical and chemical damage tests. This work presents a strategy for fabricating superhydrophobic biomimetic composite coatings with significant self-cleaning properties, durability, and shows great potential for practical engineering applications.
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Han, Yan, Xiaoxing Yan, and Wenting Zhao. "Effect of Thermochromic and Photochromic Microcapsules on the Surface Coating Properties for Metal Substrates." Coatings 12, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111642.
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A coating with thermochromic and photochromic microcapsules can enhance a product’s attractiveness. Different coating processes may affect the performance of coatings. Therefore, the micromorphology, chemical composition, chromatic difference, gloss, hardness, adhesion, impact resistance, roughness, cold liquid resistance, and ultraviolet photooxidation resistance of the surface coating on the metal substrate were assessed by choosing three coating processes. The thermochromic color difference of the coating with photochromic microcapsules in the primer and thermochromic microcapsules in the topcoat changes greatly. When the temperature reached 80 °C, the maximum color difference of the coating was found to be 23.0. The color difference of the coating with the thermochromic microcapsules in the primer and photochromic microcapsules in the topcoat was the most obvious, with a color difference of 71.7. The gloss of the coating mixed with thermochromic microcapsules and photochromic microcapsules was the highest, which was found to be 81.7 GU. The coating gloss of thermochromic microcapsules in the primer and photochromic microcapsules in the topcoat was found to be 15.6. The mechanical property of the coating mixed with thermochromic microcapsules and photochromic microcapsules was the best—the hardness was found to be 2H, the adhesion was found to be level 1, and the impact resistance was found to be 12.5 kg·cm. The mechanical property of the coating prepared by the other two coating sequences was poor. The coating prepared by the three finishing processes on the metal substrate had sufficient cold liquid resistance, and the gloss of the coating before and after the cold liquid resistance changed slightly. By studying the coating process of thermochromic coating and photochromic coating, a technical reference is provided for creating dual-function intelligent coatings.
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Sokolov, A. G., and E. E. Bobylyov. "Diffusion Saturation by Titanium from Liquid-Metal Media as Way to Increase Carbide-Tipped Tool Life." Solid State Phenomena 265 (September 2017): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.265.181.
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The analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing technologies aimed at improving the performance properties of carbide-tipped tools is presented. The results of studies into the process of diffusion metallization by titanium of a carbide-tipped tool TK type from the media of fusible liquid-metal solutions is given. The influence of titanium diffusion coatings on the durability of carbide tools is investigated. A method of providing formation on hard alloys for wear-resistant titanium high-quality functional coatings is described. The thickness of the coating varies depending on the temperature and exposure time, and ranges from 4 to 6 μm. The hardness of the coatings obtained depends on the temperature of the coating and modes of pre-carburizing, and varies from 24100 to 30000 MPa. The microstructure of the coatings is investigated. The coating consists of two layers: the coating and the transition zone, the size and hardness of which depends on the conditions of pre-carburization and modes of application of the coating. The dependence of the coatings thickness on the duration of the plates exposure in the melt, the temperature of coating composition from the coated hard alloy is investigated.
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Loganina, Valentina I., Yerkebulan Bisengalievich Mazhitov, and Yuri Petrovich Skachkov. "Assessment of Fire Safety of Coatings Based on Silicate Paint Sol." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 200–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.200.
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The results of the study the fire safety of coatings, based on silicate and sol silicate paints, are presented. The rapid method of the fire tube (based on the definitions of the duration of self-combustion or smoldering and on the mass loss of the sample after exposure to an open flame) established that the coatings belong to the group of non-flammable material, for coatings, based on poly-silicate solutions, have a lower loss of mass, in comparison with coatings based on liquid glass. At the flammability test on the TPR it was established, that coating based on potassium liquid glass and potassium poly-silicate solution did not ignite seen, even at a temperature of 760 degrees. There is no smoke emission. However, a change in the shape and color was recorded. The weight loss of the sample of the coating, based on potassium liquid glass, was 30.14% by weight, and the coating sample, based on the potassium poly-silicate solution, was 27.14%. The evidence of improvement of fire hazard characteristics of coatings based on poly-silicate solutions is obtained.
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Kim, Kyoung Jin, and Ho Sang Kwak. "Analytic Study of Non-Newtonian Double Layer Coating Liquid Flows in Optical Fiber Manufacturing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 224 (November 2012): 260–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.260.
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In mass manufacturing of optical fibers, the wet-on-wet polymer resin coating is an efficient process for applying double layer coatings on the glass fiber. This paper presents an analytic study on the behavior of non-Newtonian polymer resins in the double layer coating liquid flow inside a secondary coating die of the optical fiber coating applicator. Based the approximations of fully developed laminar flow and the power law model of non-Newtonian fluid, the coating liquid flow of two immiscible resin layers is modeled for the simplified geometry of capillary annulus, where the surface of glass fiber moves at high fiber drawing speed. The effects of important parameters such as non-Newtonian fluid properties, the coating die size, and fiber drawing speed are investigated on the resin velocity profiles and secondary coating layer thickness.
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Mocănița, Ovidiu, Daniela Chicet, Marcelin Benchea, Bogdan Istrate, and Corneliu Munteanu. "Coating of Liquid Wood Sheets." Materials Science Forum 907 (September 2017): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.907.134.
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Liquid wood is one of the newly discovered green polymer materials, being a biodegradable and recyclable thermoplastic, made from cellulose, lignin and natural additives, currently used in commerce as ARBOFIL, ARBOROM and ARBOBLEND. The applications of this material (aeronautics, automotive, construction, consumer goods etc.) are limited by two major drawbacks: higher weight compared to ordinary plastic materials and low melting point (≈ 175° C). In this work was studied the possibility of changing some mechanical and thermal properties of this material by applying superficial coatings. For this process were prepared specimens from two types of material: ARBOBLEND and ARBOFIL. The resulted samples were analyzed in terms of microstructural changes both longitudinally (in order to evaluate the quality of the deposited layer) and on cross section (in order to evaluate the changes produced at the interface substrate - coating). For this purpose were used the QUANTA 200 3D (FEI, Holland, 2009) scanning electron microscope and the X`PERT PROMD diffractometer (Panalitycal, Holland, 2009). Using the UMTR 2M-CTR Micro-tribometer were evaluated the elasticity modulus of the coatings through microindentation and its adhesion to the substrate through scratch method, applied both longitudinally and on cross section.
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Xia, Yan Qiu, and Xin Feng. "Tribological Behaviors of Nanocrystalline Nickel Coatings under Lubricated Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1458.
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In this paper, nickel coatings (on phosphor bronze substrates) were prepared using pulse electrodeposition method. The friction and wear behaviors of nanocrystalline nickel coating compared with coarse-grained nickel coating against AISI 52100 steel were investigated using l-butyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid and perfluoropolyether as a reference lubricant on reciprocating ball-on-flat UMT-2MT sliding tester. The morphologies of the worn surfaces were observed using a scanning electron microscope. The chemical states of several typical elements on the worn surfaces were examined by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that NC nickel coatings have better tribological properties than that of coarse-grained nickel coatings under lubricated conditions. This was partly attributed to the high hardness of the NC nickel coating and L-B408 ionic liquid formed tribochemical reaction films under NC nickel coatings.
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Han, Yan, Xiaoxing Yan, and Yu Tao. "Effect of Transparent, Purple, and Yellow Shellac Microcapsules on Properties of the Coating on Paraberlinia bifoliolata Surface." Polymers 14, no. 16 (August 13, 2022): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14163304.
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In order to explore the applicability of the waterborne coating with self-repairing microcapsules based on the surface of wood boards and specify the optimal range of microcapsule content in the coating, three different kinds of shellac microcapsules (transparent shellac, purple shellac, and yellow shellac) were embedded in a waterborne acrylic coating at 0, 1.5 wt.%, 3.0 wt.%, 4.5 wt.%, 6.0 wt.%, and 7.5 wt.%. The Beli wood (Paraberlinia bifoliolata) boards were then covered with self-repairing coatings to investigate the self-repairing coating’s physical and chemical properties, aging resistance, and scratch repair abilities. The findings demonstrated that the chromatic difference and gloss of surface coatings on Beli wood boards were significantly influenced by the content of microcapsules. The optical characteristics and cold liquid resistance performance of the coating on Beli wood were enhanced when the microcapsule content was 3.0 wt.%. Additionally, the mechanical qualities of the coating with 3.0 wt.% transparent shellac microcapsules on Beli wood surface were better, with an H hardness, grade 2 adhesion, and 8 kg·cm of impact strength. The studies on scratch repairing and aging resistance indicated that microcapsules helped to slow down the coating’s damage and retard aging. After a microcrack appeared, the waterborne coating with microcapsules on Beli wood’s surface had the capacity to repair itself. After aging, the coating with 3.0 wt.% transparent shellac microcapsule on Beli wood boards had a better performance on the comprehensive properties, with a 28.9% light loss rate and a 6 kg·cm impact resistance. It also had a 25.0% repairing rate in scratch width after being damaged for 5 d. This study advances the development of self-healing waterborne coatings on the wood board with shellac microcapsules by examining the effects of shellac in various colors and shellac microcapsule content in waterborne coatings.
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Sarma, Jyotirmoy, Zongqi Guo, and Xianming Dai. "Bioinspired photocatalytic hedgehog coating for super liquid repellency." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 5, no. 11 (2021): 4174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1qm00325a.
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Bioinspired hedgehog coating is superomniphobic to liquid with surface tension of 25.3 mN m−1, and repels liquids with surface tensions down to 16 mN m−1 when it is converted to a one-step liquid infused surface utilizing its photocatalytic property.
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Thorman, Sofia, Göran Ström, Anni Hagberg, and Per-Åke Johansson. "Uniformity of liquid absorption by coatings - Technique and impact of coating composition." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2012): 459–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2012-27-02-p459-465.
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Abstract The interaction between a liquid and a paper surface is important for a number of paper treatment processes, where absorption is of special significance during printing. Many absorption measurement techniques use a large available volume of liquid to characterise absorption, when compared to the volume of the coating. The uniformity of the absorption is also seldom characterised. We have developed a new technique, which is presented in this article, to study the uniformity of absorption of a small amount of liquid. This technique is based on the short-time absorption (tenth of a second) of a coloured liquid, the blotting of excess liquid and a characterisation of the pattern of the stain. This method made it possible to detect differences among coating layers with different compositions. In many cases, the absorption non-uniformity could be linked to variations in the coating thickness and/or wettability. The thinner and thicker areas of the coating layers were interpreted as having different pore structures. Neither the coating thickness nor the wettability could provide a full explanation, which showed the need to develop a method to characterise absorption uniformity instead of only relying on measuring the total absorption potential.
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Mao, Qitong, Siqi Liu, Hao Jiang, Hua Sun, Yangkai Xiong, Zhiqiang Fang, Jiang Li, and Guoqing Wang. "Study on Modified Liquid Polysulfide Rubber Bimetallic Salt-Spray-Resistant Epoxy Coatings." Coatings 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12101418.
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In this study, liquid polysulfide rubber was modified by silane coupling agent. New kinds of anti-corrosion coatings with salt spray resistance and strong adhesion to the steel substrate were obtained using the modified liquid polysulfide rubber, bimetallic filler, carbon nanotubes, and epoxy resin. Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the preparation of new modified liquid polysulfide rubber through coupling reaction between the epoxy group of silane compound and the sulfide group of the liquid polysulfide rubber. A 1440 h neutral salt spray test showed the coating to be completely free of rust and blisters. The corrosion diffusion width of the scribed area was only 1.7 mm. In addition, in a 3.5% by weight NaCl solution, the coating shows no blistering and no corrosion phenomena compared with zinc-rich epoxy paints (the added zinc content was only 28.6%). These tests confirmed that the new coating had a dense microstructure, strong adhesion to the steel substrate, good corrosion resistance, and anti-blister performance. The performance indicates that the coatings have potential for use in the atmosphere and underwater, which provides a better choice for long-term protection of marine projects such as ships, wharves, offshore platforms, and wind power structures.
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MESIC, BEKO, MATHEW CAIRNS, JAMES JOHNSTON, and MEETA PATEL. "Tetraethyl orthosilicate-containing dispersion coating — water vapor and liquid water barrier properties." September 2021 20, no. 9 (October 1, 2021): 583–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj20.9.583.
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An aqueous styrene-butadiene latex dispersion coating containing in-situ processed tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) applied on paperboard demonstrated improved water barrier performance. Coatings containing TEOS equivalent to 0.8% silicon dioxide (SiO2; dry basis) exhibited water vapor performance of < 25 g/m2/day (23°C, 50% relative humidity [RH]) and liquid water barrier performance Cobb 1800 s of < 6 g/m2, when applied as a single-layer 18 g/m2 coating. Cobb 1800 s barrier performance was still good (< 11 g/m2) at coat weights of 7–10 g/m2. The use of filler materials such as kaolin improved the vapor barrier properties of the coating, but this was not critical to the liquid water barrier properties.
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O'Brien, S. B. G., and M. Hayes. "A model for dip-coating of a two liquid mixture." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 29, no. 6 (2002): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171202011614.
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We consider a thin film flow where a flat substrate is coated with a mixture of two miscible liquids, of equal viscosity, and develop a model to predict the evolving coating thicknesses. The developed model can, under certain circumstances, be used as an approximation for the dip-coating of a liquid suspension of a viscous volatile liquid and solid solute as occurs in many industrial applications.
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Milionis, A., K. Dang, M. Prato, E. Loth, and I. S. Bayer. "Liquid repellent nanocomposites obtained from one-step water-based spray." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 24 (2015): 12880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta02672e.
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Jamaludin, Liyana, Rafiza Abd Razak, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Petrica Vizureanu, Andrei Victor Sandu, Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim, and Romisuhani Ahmad. "Solid-to-Liquid Ratio Influenced on Adhesion Strength of Metakaolin Geopolymer Coating Paste Added Photocatalyst Materials." Coatings 13, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020236.
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Coating materials are used on surfaces such as steel and ceramic to offer protection, corrosion resistance, wear and erosion resistance, a thermal barrier, or aesthetics. Although organic coating materials such as epoxy resins, silane, and acrylic are widely used, there are restrictions and drawbacks associated with their use, including the ease with which cracking, hazardous and harmful human health and environment, peeling, and deterioration occur. Organic matrices also have the capacity to release vapor pressure, which can lead to the delamination of coatings. Geopolymer coating materials offer an environmentally friendly solution to this concern to encourage sustainable growth. The simplicity with which geopolymers can be synthesized and their low emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, SO2, and NOx are advantages of geopolymers. The advent of geopolymer coatings with photocatalytic properties is advantageous for the decomposition of pollution and self-cleaning properties. The aim of this paper is to study the optimum solid-to-liquid ratio of metakaolin geopolymer paste added TiO2 and ZnO by adhesion strength. Through iterative mixture optimization, we investigated the effects of different design parameters on the performance of a metakaolin-based geopolymer as a coating material. The assessed material was a metakaolin which was activated by an alkali activator (a mixture of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate), with the addition of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide as photocatalyst substances. Varying proportions of solid-to-liquid ratio were tested to optimize the best mix proportion related to the coating application. Adhesion analyses of geopolymer coating paste were evaluated after 7 days. According to the findings, the optimal parameters for metakaolin geopolymer coating material are 0.6 solid-to-liquid ratios with the highest adhesion strength (19 MPa) that is suitable as coating material and enhanced the properties of geopolymer.
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Tabaza, Taha A., Safwan Al-Qawabah, Omar T. Tabaza, and Amjad Al-Sakarneh. "Microstructure and Microhardness of Chrome-Oxide Coating Precipitating from Gases Phase Using Liquid of Metal Organic Chrome Compositions." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.60.
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In this work, the research team analyzes the effect of oxygen-containing additives on the microstructure and microhardness of coatings of the specimens obtained during applying pyrolytic chrome coating using metal-organic compounds (MOC) in order to obtain protective coatings. The results showed that chromium oxidation in the final phase of the coating process changed the microstructure and mechanical properties of the coating. The resulting coatings exhibit excellent adhesion, high microhardness (6-8 and up to 20-22 GPa depending on the experimental conditions) and better microplasticity, corrosion and wear resistance. In this work the effect of oxidizer on the microstructure and microhardness will be illustrated.
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Soon, Chin Fhong, Zai Peng Goh, Lee Chin Ku, Ten Ten Lee, and Kian Sek Tee. "A Squeegee Coating Apparatus for Producing a Liquid Crystal Based Bio-Transducer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.759.
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Cholesteryl ester liquid crystals were discovered with a new application in sensing traction forces of single cells. The liquid crystal bio-transducer is produced by manual scraping of liquid crystals onto the petri dish, in which the technique is highly subjective to the skill of the user to produce homogeneously spread liquid crystal substrates. This paper describes the development of an apparatus used to produce a liquid crystal substrate using squeegee coating technique. It consists of a biaxial mechatronic system which is synchronously controlled in vertical and horizontal directions scraping the liquid crystal substrates evenly on the surface of a petri dish. The thickness of the liquid crystal was profiled using laser diffraction technique and the homogeneity of the liquid crystal films produced was examined in a crossed-polarizing microscope. At an angular speed of 1500 rpm and under a shear stress of 1.46 ± 0.72 kPa, the squeegee coating was found producing liquid crystal films at a thickness of 132 ± 23 μm on the surface of petri dishes. With the application of this apparatus, evenly spread liquid crystal coatings with control thickness in petri dishes were consistently produced. This has overcome the major problem of manually coating the liquid crystal substrates using a cell scraper.
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Yan, Xiaoxing, Lin Wang, and Xingyu Qian. "Effect of Microcapsules with Different Core–Wall Ratios on Properties of Waterborne Primer Coating for European Linden." Coatings 10, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090826.
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Waterborne acrylic-resin-filled urea–formaldehyde-based microcapsules with core–wall ratios of 0.42:1, 0.50:1, 0.58:1, 0.67:1, 0.75:1, 0.83:1 and 0.92:1 were prepared via in situ polymerization. Microcapsules were added into the primer to investigate the optical and mechanical properties of the coating on European linden. The results indicated that under the condition of the same core–wall ratio, chroma differences increased gradually with increasing concentration. The coating gloss decreased with increasing concentration. The hardness of 10.0–15.0% microcapsules increased more obviously, with the highest elongations at the break of the coating. At the 0.58:1 core–wall ratio and the 10.0% concentration, the coating adhesion was level 1 and the impact resistance was 10.0 kg cm. Microcapsule concentration did not affect the coating’s liquid resistance. The coating with 10.0% microcapsules added at a 0.58:1 core–wall ratio had a better self-healing property, a good stability and aging resistance. This paper lays a technical basis for the manufacturing and utilization of self-healing waterborne wood coatings.
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Gots, Vladimir, Oles Lastivka, Oksana Berdnyk, Oleksandr Tomin, and Petro Shilyuk. "Corrosion Resistance of Polyester Powder Coatings Using Fillers of Various Chemical Nature." Key Engineering Materials 864 (September 2020): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.864.115.
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In the article the effect of fillers of various chemical nature on the corrosion resistance of polyester powder coatings in terms of flaking widths and corrosion expansion widths in accordance with DSTU ISO 4628-8: 2012 was reviewed. According to the results of studies, the effectiveness of the use of fillers to increase the corrosion resistance of the powder coating varies depending on the average particle size and crystalline form of the filler was found. As a rule, in order to receive a powder coating based decorative coating you should apply only one layer of paint, while liquid coatings require applying several layers; this increases the time of coating production. The powder coating can be easily utilized and recycled, thus the economic feasibility of production increases.
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Ali, Omar, Rehan Ahmed, Nadimul H. Faisal, Nayef M. Al-Anazi, Youssef O. Elakwah, and Matheus F. A. Goosen. "Nanoindentation Evaluation of Suspension Thermal Sprayed Nanocomposite WC-Co Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 735 (May 2017): 225–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.225.
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The aim of this paper is to evaluate the microstructural and nanohardness characteristics of tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) cermet coatings deposited by liquid suspension spraying. Commercially available WC-Co coating powder was milled and water based suspension was produced as feedstock for the thermal spray coating process. Microstructural evaluations of WC-Co cermet coatings included XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Post spraying nanomechanical evaluations were conducted using a Berkovich nanoindenter. Results indicated relatively higher modulus but lower hardness of suspension coatings. The load displacement curves during nanoindentation were characteristic of the complex coating microstructure showing signs of microcracking and pile-up.
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Tao, Yu, Xiaoxing Yan, and Yijuan Chang. "Effect of Coating Process on Mechanical, Optical, and Self-Healing Properties of Waterborne Coating on Basswood Surface with MF-Coated Shellac Core Microcapsule." Polymers 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 4228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13234228.
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Self-repairing microcapsules prepared with melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin as wall material and shellac and waterborne coating as core material were added to waterborne coating to prepare a self-repairing coating. In order to explore the effect of the coating process on the performance of the waterborne coating on the basswood surface with microcapsules, the number of coating layers of primer and finish and the addition mode of the microcapsules were tested as influencing factors. The effects of different coating processes on the optical, mechanical, and liquid resistance of the basswood surface coating were investigated. The results showed that different coating processes had little effect on the color difference of the coating. When the coating process was two layers of primer and three layers of finish, and microcapsules were added to the finish, the minimum gloss of the basswood surface coating at 60° incident angle was 10.2%, and the best mechanical properties, liquid resistance, and comprehensive properties were achieved. Finally, the aging resistance and self-healing performance of the waterborne coating on the basswood surface prepared by this coating process were explored. The results showed that the waterborne coating had a certain repair effect on scratch damage. This paper lays a theoretical foundation for the practical application of self-healing microcapsules in wood-surface waterborne coatings.
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Piispanen, Minna, Thomas Kronberg, Sami Areva, Joe Pimenoff, and Leena Hupa. "Easy-to-Clean Coatings on Glass and Glazed Surfaces." Advances in Science and Technology 66 (October 2010): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.66.150.
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Glass and glazes are easy-to-clean surfaces often used in everyday environments where the surface needs to repel soils and deposits. In general, these surfaces have good chemical durability in everyday environments. However, the durability is rapidly degraded in solutions of high or low pH. This kind of surface corrosion has been found to diminish the cleanability. Surface topography has also a certain influence on the soil attachment and cleanability. Self-cleaning and easy-to-clean coatings have been employed to enhance the cleanability of surfaces. In this report surface properties of three coatings reported to enhance the cleanability of glass and glazed surfaces are summarized. The properties discussed are the surface appearance, roughness, wettability, soil attachment and soil removal. Also the chemical and mechanical durability of the coatings are discussed. The coatings studied were a commercial fluoropolymer film applied at room temperature, an experimental sol-gel derived TiO2 coating calcined at 500°C, and an experimental liquid flame sprayed TiO2-Ag coating applied on the substrates at 500-800°C. The advantages of the fluoropolymer coating are easy application and soil good soil repellence, but the coating has limited chemical and mechanical durability. The manufacture of the sol-gel TiO2 coating requires several processing steps. The coated surface showed excellent cleanability, and good chemical and mechanical durability. The liquid flame sprayed coating has potential to be applied online in the material manufacture. However, the processing parameters should be optimized in order to achieve desired improvements in the cleanability.
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Meijer, Mari de, and Holger Militz. "Sorption Behaviour and Dimensional Changes of Wood-Coating Composites." Holzforschung 53, no. 5 (September 10, 1999): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.1999.091.
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Summary The moisture related properties of wood-coating composites have been studied to evaluate the influence of coating penetration on the protection of wood against moisture. Pine sapwood samples were vacuum-impregnated with 7 pigmented and unpigmented coatings, both water and solvent borne. The retention and void filling of the coating have been determined. After drying, the samples were exposed to relative humidities between 33 and 98 % and to liquid water and equilibrium moisture content and dimensional changes were measured. The rate of swelling and moisture sorption has been measured, the latter was also used to calculate diffusion coefficients. The sorption isotherms were analysed by the Hailwood-Horrobin equation. In order to obtain additional information on the hygroscopicity of coatings, similar measurement were made on free coating films. The void filling of wood with coating material has the strongest impact on the uptake of liquid water. A limited reduction was observed for the equilibrium moisture content, the diffusion coefficient during adsorption and the rate of dimensional change. No influence on the equilibrium swelling have been found but the shrinkage during desorption was however often slightly increased for the wood-coating composites. The limited impact of the penetrated coating on moisture related properties can to a large extent be explained by the low void filling after drying (20–60%) and the relatively high moisture sorption and swelling of the coating film itself. In general, it can be concluded that the moisture protection of penetrated coating material is low in comparison to coating applied as a film on the surface of wood.
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den Burg, M. Van, and J. Th M. De Hosson. "Microstructure of Cr2O3 coatings on steel and the effect of silicon." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.0142.
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This paper concentrates on the microstructural features of steel containing 22 wt. % Cr, coated with Cr2O3 by laser processing. It turned out that after laser coating the Cr2O3 powder has completely transformed to Fe0.3Cr2.7O4 having the tetragonal distorted spinel structure. Dispersed in the coating are metallic particles with composition FeCr and a bcc structure. The phases in the coating can be explained from the Fe-Cr-O equilibrium phase diagram with the assumption that complete phase equilibrium is reached in the liquid state but not during solidification. The two equilibrium phases, L0 and Lm, that exist in the molten state solidify as two independent liquids. Addition of Si to the ceramic material, either from the steel matrix or from the ceramic powder, results in a dendritic solidification structure of Cr3O4 dendrites and a Si-containing glassy phase. The dendrites are oriented vertically in the coating, resembling the columnar microstructure that is also observed in ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings. This structure contains fewer microcracks parallel to the interface resulting in a mechanically more stable ceramic coating.
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Nieszporek, Daria, Wojciech Simka, Karolina Matuszek, Anna Chrobok, and Artur Maciej. "Electrodeposition of Zinc Coatings from Ionic Liquid." Solid State Phenomena 227 (January 2015): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.143.
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The electrochemical deposition of zinc coatings from 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) baths on steel substrate was described in this paper. The influence of [ZnCl2]/[BMIMCl] ratio, current density as well as temperature have been investigated. It was found that electrodeposition in all of tested baths and parameters allowed to obtain zinc coatings. The surface of coatings were matte and in the most of cases the coating morphology was not homogenous. On the basis of corrosion investigation it was pointed out that application of the baths of higher ZnCl2content are more beneficial for zinc coatings electrodeposition that the one of [ZnCl2]/[BMIMCl]= 2:3.
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Huang, Nan, Xiaoxing Yan, and Wenting Zhao. "Influence of Photochromic Microcapsules on Properties of Waterborne Coating on Wood and Metal Substrates." Coatings 12, no. 11 (November 15, 2022): 1750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12111750.
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With the development of the economy and science and technology, consumers have put forward higher requirements for the functionality of surface coatings on wood products and metal products, which requires us to endow traditional coatings with new functions. Innovative research of coatings has been a research hotspot in recent years, and the combination of microencapsulation technology with coatings is a research direction attracting much attention. In this paper, a kind of spirooxazine color-changing microcapsules containing photochromic purple dye was selected to explore the effect of different loadings of the photochromic microcapsules on the properties of the coatings. The photochromic microcapsules were added to the waterborne coating with loadings of 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0% and 25.0%. The coatings were coated on Tilia europaea boards and aluminum alloy plates to explore the optical properties, mechanical properties, cold liquid resistance and aging resistance of the coatings. The results showed that the coating had good photochromic property on wood substrate and metal substrate. When the loading was 15.0% and 10.0%, the comprehensive performance of the coating was good. The color difference of the coating before and after photochromism was 51.0 and 62.0, the glossiness was 7.1% and 15.9%, the hardness was 3H, the adhesion grade was 1, the impact resistance was 4 kg·cm, the roughness was 1.2 μm and 0.9 μm and the liquid resistance grade was 1. The research results show that the photochromic microcapsule can endow the paint with a reversible color change function and improve some mechanical properties of the coating, which indicates that the composite prepared in this study can be used in the surface finishing of wood and metal and has certain research value and application potential.
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Tuominen, Mikko, Hannu Teisala, Janne Haapanen, Mikko Aromaa, Jyrki M. Mäkelä, Milena Stepien, Jarkko J. Saarinen, Martti Toivakka, and Jurkka Kuusipalo. "Adjustable wetting of Liquid Flame Spray (LFS) TiO2-nanoparticle coated board: Batch-type versus roll-to-roll stimulation methods." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 29, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2014-29-02-p271-279.
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Abstract Superhydrophobic nanoparticle coating was created on the surface of board using liquid flame spray (LFS). The LFS coating was carried out continuously in ambient conditions without any additional hydrophobization steps. The contact angle of water (CAW) of ZrO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 coating was adjusted reversibly from >150° down to ~10−20° using different stimulation methods. From industrial point of view, the controlled surface wetting has been in focus for a long time because it defines the liquid-solid contact area, and furthermore can enhance the mechanical and chemical bonding on the interface between the liquid and the solid. The used stimulation methods included batch-type methods: artificial daylight illumination and heat treatment and roll-to-roll methods: corona, argon plasma, IR (infra red)- and UV (ultra violet)-treatments. On the contrary to batch-type methods, the adjustment and switching of wetting was done only in seconds or fraction of seconds using roll-to-roll stimulation methods. This is significant in the converting processes of board since they are usually continuous, high volume operations. In addition, the creation of microfluidic patterns on the surface of TiO2 coated board using simple photomasking and surface stimulation was demonstrated. This provides new advantages and possibilities, especially in the field of intelligent printing. Limited durability and poor repellency against low surface tension liquids are presently the main limitations of LFS coatings.
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Muratov, Vladimir S., and Nikolay S. Yakimov. "The Surface Hardening of Parts of Liquid Dampers Made of High-Strength Steels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.560.
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Variants of air-plasma sputtering (APS) and supersonic gas-flame sputtering in the HVOF modification of wear-resistant coatings on 30HGSN2A steel, used for the manufacture of rods of liquid dampers, have been worked out. Powder mixture designated as mixture A with chemical composition (wt%): 85 % chromium carbide (Cr3C2) powder and 15 % steel powder consisting of 20 % chromium and 80 % nickel were used for spraying. During the quality control of the applied coatings were evaluated: appearance, thickness, adhesion strength, microhardness and porosity. The phase composition of the coatings was also determined. The deposition modes are determined for varying the size and shape of powder mixture particles, as well as the deposition distances, which allow obtaining coatings with the required values of microhardness, adhesion strength and porosity. Such coatings can be obtained by using each of the three powder mixtures studied. The highest microhardness of the coating (11500-12100 MPa) was achieved using the powder mixture C (86%WC + 10%Co + 4%Cr) – and the HVOF method. The phase composition of this coating is represented by WC (base) and W2C carbides. The maximum shear strength (114 MPa) was achieved using a powder mixture A (85% Cr3 C2 + 15%X20H80) and the APS method. In the first variant, the porosity of the coating is 1.8-2.0 %, in the second - 5-8 %.
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Monder, Hila, Leo Bielenki, Hanna Dodiuk, Anna Dotan, and Samuel Kenig. "Poly (Dimethylsiloxane) Coating for Repellency of Polar and Non-Polar Liquids." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2020): 2423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102423.
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The wettability of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coating on plasma-treated glass was studied at room temperature using polar and non-polar liquids. The wettability was investigated regarding the liquids’ surface tensions (STs), dielectric constants (DCs) and solubility parameters (SPs). For polar liquids, the contact angle (CA) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) are controlled by the DCs and non-polar liquids by the liquids’ STs. Solubility parameter difference between the PDMS and the liquids demonstrated that non-polar liquids possessed lower CAH. An empirical model that integrates the interfacial properties of liquid/PDMS has been composed. Accordingly, the difference between the SPs of PDMS and the liquid is the decisive factor affecting CAH, followed by the differences in DCs and STs. Moreover, the interaction between the DCs and the SPs is of importance to minimize CAH. It has been concluded that CAH, and not CA, is the decisive attribute for liquid repellency of PDMS coating.
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Wang, Hao, Jun Xiao, Hui Wang, Yong Chen, Xing Yin, and Ning Guo. "Corrosion Behavior and Surface Treatment of Cladding Materials Used in High-Temperature Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Alloy: A Review." Coatings 11, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11030364.
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Liquid metal fast reactors were considered to be the most promising solution to meet the enormous energy demand in the future. However, corrosion phenomenon caused by the liquid metal, especially in high-temperature lead-bismuth coolant, has greatly hindered the commercialization of the advanced Generation-IV nuclear system. This review discussed current research on the corrosion resistance of structural materials (such as EP823, T91, ODS, and authentic steels) in high-temperature liquid metal served as reactor coolants. The current corrosion resistance evaluation has proved that even for the excellent performance of EP823, the structural material selected in pressurized water reactor is not the ideal material for operation in the high-temperature lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE). Furthermore, the latest coating technologies that are expected to be applied to cladding materials for coolant system were extensively discussed, including Al-containing coatings, ceramic coatings, oxide coatings, amorphous coatings and high-entropy alloy coatings. The detailed comparison summarized the corrosion morphology and corrosion products of various coatings in LBE. This review not only provided a systematic understanding of the corrosion phenomena, but also demonstrated that coating technology is an effective method to solve the corrosion issues of the advanced next-generation reactors.
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Bhushan, Bharat, and Victor Multanen. "Designing liquid repellent, icephobic and self-cleaning surfaces with high mechanical and chemical durability." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2138 (December 24, 2018): 20180270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0270.
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Liquid repellent, icephobic and self-cleaning surfaces are of interest in industrial applications, including solar panels, self-cleaning windows, wind turbines, and automotive and aerospace components. In this study, a coating using a simple and scalable fabrication technique was used to produce superliquiphobic surfaces with a low tilt angle. The coating comprises hydrophobic SiO 2 nanoparticles with a binder of methylphenyl silicone resin to achieve superhydrophobicity. After ultraviolet–ozone treatment of the coating, an additional coating of fluorosilane was deposited to achieve superliquiphobicity with low tilt angle. Data for these coatings are presented showing the ability to repel water and oil, anti-icing properties down to −60°C, self-cleaning, and the ability to maintain superliquiphobicity in hot environments up to about 95°C, after soaking in deionized water for more than 200 h at room temperature and for about 50 h at 50°C and 70°C, and in chemical environments with low pH values. The coatings were found to be mechanically durable. Detailed characterization for anti-icing provides an insight into the mechanisms of icephobicity. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bioinspired materials and surfaces for green science and technology’.
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Wu, Corinna. "Liquid Crystal Coating Controls Light." Science News 156, no. 6 (August 7, 1999): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4011801.
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Abu-Ali, J., and S. A. Barringer. "Optimization of liquid electrostatic coating." Journal of Electrostatics 66, no. 3-4 (March 2008): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.elstat.2007.12.003.
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Lackey, W. J. "Liquid fluidized bed coating process." Carbon 34, no. 10 (1996): 1299–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(96)82801-6.
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Ma, Yue, L. E. Scriven, H. T. Davis, and S. L. Erlandsen. "A Time-Sectioning Cryo-Field Emission SEM (Cryo-Fesem) Study of Film Formation in Structured Latex Coatings." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 716–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600029652.
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Structured latex coatings find such applications as specialty paints, micro- and ultra-filtration membranes, templates for synthesizing inorganic complementary structures, and embedding media for whole-cell based bioreactors. to control well the microstructure and other properties of the final coatings requires understanding the film formation process that transforms a deposited layer of colloidal particles of polymer into a coherent solid coating as it dries, usually in air. This process cannot be visualized by light microscopy techniques when the latex particles are a few hundred down to a few tens of nanometers in size, as is normally the case. Conventional electron microscopy requires too high vacuum for liquid samples to survive. Environmental scanning electron microscopy tolerates modest partial pressure of solvent but is limited to a coating’s top surface and at low resolution. What is needed is to observe the interior of a drying, hydrated coating at nm-resolution. Cryo-SEM is a powerful means of studying microstructure evolution throughout a coating’s thickness in the wet and moist stages of film formation.
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Zanota, Marie-Line, Stéphanie Pallier, Anaïs Dousse, Joël Lachambre, and Valérie Meille. "Demonstration of the Use of 3D X-ray Tomography to Compare the Uniformity of Catalyst Coatings in Open-Cell Foams." ChemEngineering 2, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering2040052.
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Coating open-cell foams by a catalytic layer is a necessary step to obtain structured catalytic foam reactors. The dip-coating method, consisting of immersing the foam in a suspension or in a sol-gel, is generally used to obtain the coating. The excess of liquid has to be evacuated from the foam to obtain a thin layer. Different methods to remove this excess of liquid have been investigated in the present work. The objective was to show that 3D X-ray tomography coupled to image analysis could be a tool to discriminate the methods by analysing the spatial localisation of the catalyst layer throughout the whole foam samples. A simple blowing by air in every direction seems to not be appropriate to obtain uniform coatings.
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KASHAPOVA, I. A., A. V. FEDOROV, and R. A. EGOROV. "JUSTIFICATION APPLICABILITY OF THE DYNAMIC INDENTATION METHOD FOR CONTROL HARDNESS COATING MATERIALS OF ELEMENTS LIQUID ROCKET ENGINES." Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology 5 (2020): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7408-2020-343-5-144-152.
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The importance of controlling the mechanical characteristics of coatings of critical products is shown. Calculation formulas for determining the dynamic hardness are given and restrictions for the control of coatings are indicated. The article discusses the features of the dynamic identification method and the substantiation of its applicability to assess the hardness of coating materials for elements of a liquid-propellant rocket engine. Based on the analysis of the mechanics of the contact interaction of a rigid sphere with an elastoplastic two-layer half-space, to assess the dynamic hardness of the coating, it is proposed to use a mixture model, in which the measured hardness is a composite hardness that integrates the hardness of the coating material and the base material to different degrees. According to the research results, a regression dependence in the form of a polynomial of the second degree was obtained, which makes it possible to assess the hardness of a galvanic nickel coating. The accuracy of the regression equation is estimated.
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Smolentsev, Vladislav, Nikolay Nenahov, and Natalia Potashnikova. "Investigation of the Properties of Heat-Protective Coatings to Improve the Performance of Products." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.516.
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The heat-loaded part of the combustion chamber of a liquid rocket engine are Considered. The proposed coating has several layers: an internal metal coating that contacts the part or substrate, and an external coating made of a mixture of ceramic granules and metal powder. At the same time, to obtain the initial surface for coating with the required surface layer roughness, it is proposed to use the method of sand blasting. The article analyzes possible mechanisms of material formation for "base-coating" transition zones, as well as the influence of their chemical composition on the adhesive strength of layers.. The choice of brand and combination of materials used for coating is justified. Technological modes that have been tested in production conditions when applying heat-resistant coatings to parts of modern rocket engines are proposed. The influence of technological parameters of the initial surface preparation process and the geometry of the resulting micro-relief of the substrate on the adhesion characteristics of a multilayer coating made of heat-protective materials operating in the high-temperature zone of the combustion chamber of liquid rocket engines is revealed.
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Ivannikov, A. Yu. "Current state and prospects of the development of electromechanical processing for gas-thermal coatings." Glavnyj mekhanik (Chief Mechanic), no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-2-2101-07.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents an overview of the works on electromechanical processing of plasma coatings performed at the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences and VolgSTU. The results of changes in the physical, mechanical and operational properties of plasma-sprayed coatings after electromechanical processing are analyzed. The main approaches in the field of electromechanical processing of gas-thermal coatings are outlined. The use of a cooling liquid to protect the zone of electric contact heating contributes to the preservation of the chemical composition of the coating. High rates of heating and cooling of the local area in the contact zone of the coating and the electrode tool lead to the fixation of the fast-quenched structure in the coating. An increase in the coating temperature as a result of resistive heating with simultaneous surface plastic deformation contributes to a decrease in surface roughness, compaction of the coating and the passage of diffusion welding along the boundaries of the sprayed particles. After electromechanical processing, the coating microhardness, cohesive and adhesive strength, corrosion and wear resistance are increased.