Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquid bridges

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquid bridges'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquid bridges"

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Cooray, Himantha, Herbert E. Huppert, and Jerome A. Neufeld. "Maximal liquid bridges between horizontal cylinders." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 472, no. 2192 (August 2016): 20160233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2016.0233.

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We investigate two-dimensional liquid bridges trapped between pairs of identical horizontal cylinders. The cylinders support forces owing to surface tension and hydrostatic pressure that balance the weight of the liquid. The shape of the liquid bridge is determined by analytically solving the nonlinear Laplace–Young equation. Parameters that maximize the trapping capacity (defined as the cross-sectional area of the liquid bridge) are then determined. The results show that these parameters can be approximated with simple relationships when the radius of the cylinders is small compared with the capillary length. For such small cylinders, liquid bridges with the largest cross-sectional area occur when the centre-to-centre distance between the cylinders is approximately twice the capillary length. The maximum trapping capacity for a pair of cylinders at a given separation is linearly related to the separation when it is small compared with the capillary length. The meniscus slope angle of the largest liquid bridge produced in this regime is also a linear function of the separation. We additionally derive approximate solutions for the profile of a liquid bridge, using the linearized Laplace–Young equation. These solutions analytically verify the above-mentioned relationships obtained for the maximization of the trapping capacity.
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Chan, San To, Frank P. A. van Berlo, Hammad A. Faizi, Atsushi Matsumoto, Simon J. Haward, Patrick D. Anderson, and Amy Q. Shen. "Torsional fracture of viscoelastic liquid bridges." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 24 (June 11, 2021): e2104790118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2104790118.

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Short liquid bridges are stable under the action of surface tension. In applications like electronic packaging, food engineering, and additive manufacturing, this poses challenges to the clean and fast dispensing of viscoelastic fluids. Here, we investigate how viscoelastic liquid bridges can be destabilized by torsion. By combining high-speed imaging and numerical simulation, we show that concave surfaces of liquid bridges can localize shear, in turn localizing normal stresses and making the surface more concave. Such positive feedback creates an indent, which propagates toward the center and leads to breakup of the liquid bridge. The indent formation mechanism closely resembles edge fracture, an often undesired viscoelastic flow instability characterized by the sudden indentation of the fluid’s free surface when the fluid is subjected to shear. By applying torsion, even short, capillary stable liquid bridges can be broken in the order of 1 s. This may lead to the development of dispensing protocols that reduce substrate contamination by the satellite droplets and long capillary tails formed by capillary retraction, which is the current mainstream industrial method for destabilizing viscoelastic liquid bridges.
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MAHAJAN, MILIND P. "Liquid crystal bridges." Liquid Crystals 26, no. 3 (March 1999): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026782999205227.

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Colter, Lamont, and Ray Treinen. "Cylindrical liquid bridges." Involve, a Journal of Mathematics 8, no. 4 (June 23, 2015): 695–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/involve.2015.8.695.

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Bowen, James, and David Cheneler. "Closed-Form Expressions for Contact Angle Hysteresis: Capillary Bridges between Parallel Platens." Colloids and Interfaces 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids4010013.

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A closed form expression capable of predicting the evolution of the shape of liquid capillary bridges and the resultant force between parallel platens is derived. Such a scenario occurs within many micro-mechanical structures and devices, for example, in micro-squeeze flow rheometers used to ascertain the rheological properties of pico- to nano-litre volumes of complex fluids, which is an important task for the analysis of biological liquids and during the combinatorial polymer synthesis of healthcare and personal products. These liquid bridges exhibit capillary forces that can perturb the desired rheological forces, and perhaps more significantly, determine the geometry of the experiment. The liquid bridge has a curved profile characterised by a contact angle at the three-phase interface, as compared to the simple cylindrical geometry assumed during the rheological analysis. During rheometry, the geometry of the bridge will change in a complex nonlinear fashion, an issue compounded by the contact angle undergoing hysteresis. Owing to the small volumes involved, ascertaining the bridge geometry visually during experiment is very difficult. Similarly, the governing equations for the bridge geometry are highly nonlinear, precluding an exact analytical solution, hence requiring a substantial numerical solution. Here, an expression for the bridge geometry and capillary forces based on the toroidal approximation has been developed that allows the solution to be determined several orders of magnitude faster using simpler techniques than numerical or experimental methods. This expression has been applied to squeeze-flow rheometry to show how the theory proposed here is consistent with the assumptions used within rheometry. The validity of the theory has been shown through comparison with the exact numerical solution of the governing equations. The numerical solution for the shape of liquid bridges between parallel platens is provided here for the first time and is based on existing work of liquid bridges between spheres.
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THIESSEN, DAVID B., MARK J. MARR-LYON, and PHILIP L. MARSTON. "Active electrostatic stabilization of liquid bridges in low gravity." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 457 (April 9, 2002): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002007760.

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In experiments performed aboard NASA's low-gravity KC-135 aircraft, it was found that rapid active control of radial electrostatic stresses can be used to suppress the growth of the (2,0) mode on capillary bridges in air. This mode naturally becomes unstable on a cylindrical bridge when the length exceeds the Rayleigh–Plateau (RP) limit. Capillary bridges having a small amount of electrical conductivity were deployed with a ring electrode concentric with each end of the bridge. A signal produced by optically sensing the shape of the bridge was used to control the electrode potentials so as to counteract the growth of the (2,0) mode. Occasionally the uncontrolled growth of the (3,0) mode was observed when the length far exceeded the RP limit. Rapid breakup from the growth of the (2,0) mode on long bridges was confirmed following deactivation of the control.
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BURCHAM, C. L., and D. A. SAVILLE. "The electrohydrodynamic stability of a liquid bridge: microgravity experiments on a bridge suspended in a dielectric gas." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 405 (February 25, 2000): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099007193.

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The electrohydrodynamic stability of a liquid bridge was studied in steady and oscillatory axial electric fields with a novel apparatus aboard a space shuttle. To avoid interphase transport, which complicates matters in terrestrial, matched-density systems, the experiments focused on a liquid column surrounded by a dielectric gas. The micro-gravity acceleration level aboard the spacecraft kept the Bond number small; so interface deformation by buoyancy was negligible. To provide microgravity results for comparison with terrestrial data, the behaviour of a castor oil bridge in a silicone oil matrix liquid was studied first. The results from these experiments are in excellent agreement with earlier work with isopycnic systems as regards transitions from a perfect cylinder to the amphora shape and the separation of an amphora into drops. In addition, the location of the amphora bulge was found to be correlated with the field direction, contrary to the leaky dielectric model but consistent with earlier results from terrestrial experiments. Next, the behaviour of a bridge surrounded by a dielectric gas, sulphur hexa fluoride (SF6), was investigated. In liquid–gas experiments, electrohydrodynamic ejection of liquids from ‘Taylor cones’ was used to deploy fluid and form bridges by remote control. Experiments with castor oil bridges in SF6 identified the conditions for two transitions: cylinder–amphora, and pinch-off. In addition, new behaviour was uncovered with liquid–gas interfaces. Contrary to expectations based on perfect dielectric behaviour, castor oil bridges in SF6 could not be stabilized in AC fields. On the other hand, a low-conductivity silicone oil bridge, which could not be stabilized by a DC field, was stable in an AC field.
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Casner, A., and J. P. Delville. "Laser-sustained liquid bridges." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 65, no. 3 (February 2004): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2003-10097-y.

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PADDAY, J. F., G. PÉTRÉ, C. G. RUSU, J. GAMERO, and G. WOZNIAK. "The shape, stability and breakage of pendant liquid bridges." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 352 (December 10, 1997): 177–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112097007234.

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Pendant liquid bridges are defined as pendant drops supporting a solid axisymmetric endplate at their lower end. The stability and shape properties of such bridges are defined in terms of the capillary properties of the system and of the mass and radius of the lower free-floating endplate. The forces acting in the pendant liquid bridge are defined exactly and expressed in dimensionless form. Numerical analysis has been used to derive the properties of a given bridge and it is shown that as the bridge grows by adding more liquid to the system a maximum volume is reached. At this maximum volume, the pendant bridge becomes unstable with the length of the bridge increasing spontaneously and irreversibly at constant volume. Finally the bridge breaks with the formation of a satellite drop or an extended thread. The bifurcation and breakage processes have been recorded using a high-speed video camera with a digital recording rate of up to 6000 frames per second. The details of the shape of the bridge bifurcation and breakage for many pendant bridge systems have been recorded and it is shown that satellite drop formation after rupture is not always viscosity dependent. Bifurcation and breakage in simulated low gravity demonstrated that breakage was very nearly symmetrical about a plane through the middle of the pendant bridge.
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Johnson, Duane T. "Viscous effects in liquid encapsulated liquid bridges." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 23, no. 6 (December 2002): 844–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-727x(02)00186-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquid bridges"

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Harrison, Matthew Robert. "Liquid bridges in printing and coating." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434213.

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Patel, Neha Mehul. "Electrooptic Studies of Liquid Crystalline Phases and Magnetically Levitated Liquid Bridges." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1080932723.

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Crean, Barry. "Novel studies of liquid bridges in high shear wet granulation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517771.

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Gopalkrishnan, Prasad. "INTER-PARTICLE LIQUID BRIDGES: A BUILDING BLOCK TO MODEL COMPLEX MIXING PHENOMENA." online version, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1085169849.

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Sumner, Loren Bryan Stout. "Energy stability of thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges with a deformed free surface." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17140.

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Brulin, Sebastian [Verfasser], Ilia V. [Akademischer Betreuer] Roisman, Jeanette [Akademischer Betreuer] Hussong, and Edgar [Akademischer Betreuer] Dörsam. "Hydrodynamic Investigations of Rapidly Stretched Liquid Bridges / Sebastian Brulin ; Ilia V. Roisman, Jeanette Hussong, Edgar Dörsam." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123006253X/34.

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Du, Rand Marlene. "The influence of powder liquid ratio on the flexural strength of fibre reinforced acrylic resin material." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1535.

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Thesis (MTech (Dental Technology Discipline))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007
Practitioners often modify the powder:liquid ratio of polymethyl methacrylate resins (PMMA) to improve the handling properties of the material for certain procedures or because of personal preferences. While it is known that this influences the mechanical properties of unreinforced resin materials, little is known about its effect on glass fibre reinforced PMMA resin.
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Rynhart, Patrick Reuben. "Mathematical modelling of granulation processes : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mathematical Physics at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University. Institute of Fundamental Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/242.

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Granulation is an industrial process where fine particles are bound together into larger granules. The process has numerous applications including the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and the production of cosmetics, chemicals, detergents and fertilisers. This thesis studies aspects of wet granulation which involves the application of a viscous binder, usually in the form of a spray, to an agitated bed of powder particles. Individual powder particles may adhere together, joined by small quantities of binder fluid called liquid bridges. By a process of collision and adherence additional particles may join the newly formed agglomerates. Agglomerates may also coalesce together which is a process that leads to granule formation. On the completion of this process, granules are typically dried.This thesis studies wet granulation on three different levels. First, micro-level investigations of liquid bridges between two and three particles are performed. For the two-particle case, the fluid profile of static (stationary) and dynamic (moving) liquid bridges is investigated. For the static case, a numerical solution to the Young-Laplace equation is obtained; this relates the volume of binder fluid to liquid bridge properties such as the inter-particle force. An analytic solution is also obtained, providing the liquid bridge profile in terms of known mathematical functions. For both solutions, the radii of the (spherical) primary particles may be different. The dynamic case is then studied using the Navier-Stokes equations with the low Reynolds number approximation. The motion of the approaching particles is shown to be damped by the viscosity of the liquid bridge. Static liquid bridges between three equally sized primary particles are then studied. Symmetry of the problem is used to obtain a numerical solution to the Young-Laplace equation. Liquid bridge properties are calculated in terms of the binder fluid volume. Experimental agreement is provided.Secondly, a model to estimate the stickiness (fractional wet surface area) of agglomerates is proposed. Primary particles are approximated as spheres and are added one at a time in a closely packed arrangement. The model includes parameters to control the inter-particle separation distance and the fluid saturation state. Computational geometry is used to obtain results which relate the number of particles and the volume of binder fluid to the stickiness of the agglomerates.Finally, a population balance model for wet granulation is developed by extending an earlier model to incorporate the effects of binder fluid. Functions for the inter-particle collision rate and drying rate are proposed, including functions which are derived from the geometric model, described above, for the case of maximum particle consolidation. The model is solved numerically for a range of coalescence kernels and results are presented which show the effect of binder volume and the drying rate.
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Leboi, Jérémy. "Dégivrage des pompes à chaleur sur l’air : influence de la mouillabilité des ailettes d’échangeurs extérieurs et contrôle des flux hydriques lors du givrage et du dégivrage." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14531/document.

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Dans un contexte de limitation de la consommation en énergie fossile et de développement durable, les pompes à chaleur présentent un intérêt majeur. Les obstacles rencontrés, notamment le givrage compact, freinent leur utilisation. La mise en place de nouveaux matériaux, par exemple par des propriétés de mouillage particulières, est une voie innovante. L’étude des déplacements de gouttes et de ponts entre ailettes, par résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes, permet de comprendre localement les écoulements et de caractériser l'effet du mouillage (modèle numérique d'angle de contact) et du confinement. Plusieurs études ont été menées sur des gouttes et des ponts liquides, soumis à des écoulements sur parois inclinées, lors desquelles des comportements significatifs ont été mis au jour et permettent de mettre en place des solutions efficaces pour les enjeux industriels. Une approche des phénomènes de mouillage extrêmes (superhydrophobie) a été réalisée et montre leur intérêt d’un point de vue performance. En revanche, le coût nécessaire pour réaliser les simulations reste très important, et des pistes ont été abordées pour palier à cette difficulté. En parallèle, une méthode de changement d’état a été développée dans le code de calculs scientifiques Thétis pour prédire l'évacuation de la glace lors du dégivrage sur des géométries simples ou réelles. Cette approche originale basée sur la méthode Volume Of Fluid, dérivée de méthodes existantes en Front-Tracking, montre une faisabilité et une efficacité intéressante
In a context of limiting the consumption of fossil energy and of sustainable development, heat pumps are of major interest. Some issues, including icing compaction, reduce its use. The introduction of new materials, including special wetting properties, is an innovative way. The study of displacement of drops and liquid bridges between fins, by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, allows us to understand local flows and to characterize the effect of wetting (numerical model of contact angle which depends on controlling the smoothing of Volume Of Fluid function) and of containment. Several studies have been conducted on the drops and liquid bridges submitted to flow on sloping walls, driving to significant behaviors. These studies can implement effective solutions to industrial difficulties. An approach to extreme wetting phenomena (superhydrophobicity) was performed and showed their interest to a good evacuation efficiency but also the cost to achieve the simulations. Several possibilities were discussed to overcome this difficulty. In parallel, a method of phase change was developed in the code of scientific computing Thetis to simulate the evacuation of ice during defrosting periods on simple geometries or more complex ones. An innovative approach based on Volume Of Fluid method, derived from methods available in Front-Tracking shows its feasibility and efficiency
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Lu, Yanfeng. "A Study on Liquid Bridge Based Microstereolithography (LBMSL) System." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1468252608.

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Books on the topic "Liquid bridges"

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Hyder, Md Nasim. Statics and dynamics of liquid bridges. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Lowry, Brian J. Capillary surfaces: Stability from families of equilibria with application to the liquid bridge. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University, 1993.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the Canada Southern Bridge Company. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2003.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act respecting the Niagara Grand Island Bridge Company. Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 2002.

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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to incorporate the Detroit River Railway Bridge Company. Ottawa: I.B. Taylor, 2002.

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Legislature, Lower Canada. Bill: An act to amend two certain acts therein mentioned for the making, repairing and altering the highways and bridges within this province = Bill pour amender deux certains actes y mentionnés pour faire, réparer et changer les chemins et ponts dans cette province. [Québec: s.n., 2001.

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Legislature, Lower Canada. Bill: An act further to regulate persons who keep houses of public entertainment and retail spirituous liquors, and for other purposes = Bill : acte qui fait des règlemens ultérieurs pour les personnes qui tiennent des maisons d'entretien public, et qui détaillent des liqueurs fortes, et pour d'autres objets. [Québec: s.n., 2001.

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Legislature, Lower Canada. Bill: An act to afford relief to certain censitaires of the seigneurie of La Salle by staying certain actions instituted or which may be instituted against them for the recovery of the lands by them held = Bill : acte pour secourir certains censitaires de la Seigneurie de La Salle en suspendant certaines actions qui ont été ou peuvent être intentées pour recouvrer la possession des terres par eux possédées. [Québec: s.n., 2001.

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Legislature, Lower Canada. Bill: An act to amend an act or ordinance made and passed in the thirty-second year of the reign of His present Majesty, intituled, "An Act to facilitate the production of Parol Proof in Civil cases" and which provides more amply for the objects therein-mentioned = Bill : acte pour amender un acte ou ordonnance fait et passé dans la trente-deuxième année du règne de Sa Majesté, intitulé, "Acte pour faciliter la production des preuves verbales dans les causes civiles, et qui fait de plus amples provisions pour les objets y mentionné s". [Québec: s.n., 2001.

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Legislature, Lower Canada. Bill: An act to repeal and amend certain parts of an act passed in the thirty-fourth year of His late Majesty's Reign, intituled "An Act for the division of the Province of Lower-Canada, for amending the Judicature thereof, and for repealing certain laws therein mentioned, and to make further provision for the more certain and uniform administration of Justice within the said Province" = Bill : acte pour rappeller en partie, et amender certaines parties d'un acte passé dans la Trente-quatrième année du Règne de feu Sa Majesté, intitulé "Acte qui divise la Province du Bas-Canada, qui amende la Judicature d'icelle, et qui rappelle certaines Lois y mentionnées, et pour faire de plus amples provisions pour l'Administration, plus certaine et plus uniforme de la Justice dans la dite Province". [Québec: s.n., 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Liquid bridges"

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Andrés, Angel Sanz. "Static and Dynamic Response of Liquid Bridges." In Microgravity Fluid Mechanics, 3–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50091-6_1.

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Bauer, Katrin, Humberto Chaves, and Christoph Brücker. "Transport at Air-Liquid Bridges under High-Frequency Ventilation." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 167–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20326-8_10.

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Meseguer, J., and J. M. Perales. "Viscosity Effects on the Dynamics of Long Axisymmetric Liquid Bridges." In Microgravity Fluid Mechanics, 37–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50091-6_4.

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Domokos, Gábor, Imre Szeberényi, and Paul H. Steen. "Parallel, Recursive Computation of Global Stability Charts for Liquid Bridges." In Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface, 64–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45255-9_12.

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Liang, Ruquan, Linyang Zhu, Limin Kong, Fuqiang Yan, and Shuo Yang. "Thermocapillary Flows in Half-zone Liquid Bridges Under Axial Magnetic Fields." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1023–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48768-6_114.

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Kruse, H. P., and J. Scheurle. "On the Bifurcation and Stability of Rigidly Rotating Inviscid Liquid Bridges." In Mechanics: From Theory to Computation, 515–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1246-1_18.

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Šeta, B., D. Dubert, J. Massons, P. Salgado Sánchez, J. Porter, Jna Gavaldà, M. M. Bou-Ali, and X. Ruiz. "On the Impact of Body Forces in Low Prandtl Number Liquid Bridges." In Advanced Technologies, Systems, and Applications V, 217–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54765-3_14.

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Kuhlmann, Hendrik C., and Christian Nienhüser. "The Influence of Static and Dynamic Free-Surface Deformations on the Three-Dimensional Thermocapillary Flow in Liquid Bridges." In Interfacial Fluid Dynamics and Transport Processes, 213–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-45095-5_11.

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Schulkes, R. M. S. M. "Liquid Bridge Ocsillations: Analytical and Numerical Results." In Microgravity Fluid Mechanics, 29–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50091-6_3.

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Martinez, I. "Liquid Bridge Modeling Of Floating Zone Processing." In NATO ASI Series, 25–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0707-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquid bridges"

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Chien, Lai. "Gravity and thermocapillary effects on liquid bridges." In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-819.

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Ferrera, C., A. Mialdun, V. M. Shevtsova, M. G. Cabezas, and J. M. Montanero. "Measurements of Dynamic Surface Deformation in Liquid Bridges." In 57th International Astronautical Congress. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-a2.4.08.

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Kuhlmann, Hendrik C., J. Leypoldt, and Hans J. Rath. "Pattern formation of thermocapillary flows in liquid bridges." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Narayanan Ramachandran. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.351294.

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Shevtsova, V. M., M. S. Ermakova, and J. C. Legros. "Stability of liquid bridges with non-flat free surface." In Space technology and applications international forum -1999. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.57659.

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Zeng, Zhong, Hiroshi Mizuseki, Kazuyuki Higashino, and Yoshiyuki Kawazoe. "Numerical simulation of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in liquid bridges." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Narayanan Ramachandran. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.351296.

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Shevtsova, V. M. "Ground based experiments about stability of deformable liquid bridges." In HADRONS AND NUCLEI: First International Symposium. AIP, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1302588.

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Wei, Wei, Philip Marston, David Thiessen, Charles Niederhaus, Duc Truong, and Mark Marr-Lyon. "Passive and active stabilization of liquid bridges in low gravity." In 2001 Conference and Exhibit on International Space Station Utilization. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-5093.

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Grivel, Morgane, David Jeon, and Morteza Gharib. "Video: Manipulation of dynamic liquid bridges by patterned surface properties." In 68th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. American Physical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/aps.dfd.2015.gfm.v0039.

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Duggen, Lars, and Stefan Mátéfi-Tempfli. "Forces in Liquid Metal Contacts." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20114.

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Using rather well known theory about capillary bridges between two electrodes we calculate the tensile force that can be applied to liquid metal contacts in the micrometer regime. Assuming circular symmetry, full wetting of the electrodes, and neglecting gravity, we present a brief review of the necessary theory and find numerically the forces to be in the 100μN range for liquid metals as mercury and liquid Gallium suspended between electrodes of 20μm radius.
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Forget, Magali, and Mark Davies. "Liquid Bridges: A Novel Approach for Dispensing Biofluids, Characterisation and Correlations." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30099.

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Control of fluids at the microscale represents an important point of interest in the widely studied field of Microfluidics. In fact, most of the biological and medical research undergone would benefit from Microfluidic solutions. One of the engineering challenges brought about by this technologic evolution involves the dispensing of fluids at these scales. The study presented in this paper concerns the development of a novel dispenser of biofluids, which would find its first application in the measurement of multi-gene expression levels as part of cancer diagnosis. The studied geometry is termed “two-way liquid bridge” and consists of injecting a continuous fluid to be segmented via an inlet PFE tubing in a microgravity environment until an isothermal mass of liquid is held by surface tension between the inlet and outlet tubings, parallel and opposite. Due to constant pressurisation of the microgravity environment, this mass eventually ruptures delivering a segmented volume of biofluids on which an analysis such as PCR can be performed. Experimental investigations were conducted in a backlighted transparent PMMA device in which fluids were injected using Harvard Apparatus syringe pumps. A CMOS colour camera recorded the images which were automatically analysed using a Canny edge detection algorithm. A dimensional analysis was conducted highlighting the main dimensionless groups for a complete understanding of the occurring phenomena. Experimental observations showed good repeatability and consistency in the dispensing process. It was also shown that fluids flowrates, tubings sizes and length of separation between inlet and outlet tubings have a direct impact on the size and frequency of the produced droplets. The present paper addresses the complete characterisation of the geometry as well as the establishment of correlations in order to provide a useful engineering design tool.
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