Relevant bibliographies by topics / Liquefied petroleum gas Fluid dynamics

Academic literature on the topic 'Liquefied petroleum gas Fluid dynamics'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas Fluid dynamics"

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Yi, Hang, Yu Feng, and Qingsheng Wang. "Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of heat radiation from large liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) pool fires." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 61 (September 2019): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2019.06.015.

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Davidy, Alon. "CFD Simulation and Mitigation with Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) Caused by Jet Fire." ChemEngineering 3, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3010001.

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Different kinds of explosions are driven by the internal energy accumulated in compressed gas or superheated liquid. A well-known example of such an explosion is the burst of a vessel with pressure-liquefied substance, known as Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). Hot BLEVE accident is caused mainly by direct heating (pool fire or jet fire) of the steel casing at the vapor side of the tank to temperatures in excess of 400 °C. Thermal insulation around the tank can significantly reduce and retard the excessive heating of the tank casings in a fire. This will allow fire fighters enough time to reach the accident location and to cool the LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) tank to avoid the BLEVE, to extinguish the fire or to evacuate the people in the vicinity of the accident. The proposed algorithm addresses several aspects of the BLEVE accident and its mitigation: Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation of jet fire by using fire dynamics simulator (FDS) software by using large eddy simulation (LES); calculation of the convective and radiative heat fluxes by using the impinging jet fire theory; performing thermochemical and heat transfer analysis on the glass-woven vinyl ester coating of the vessel by using FDS software (version 5); and COMSOL Multiphysics (version 4.3b) during the heating phase of composite and calculation of the time period required to evaporate the liquefied propane by using the first and second laws of thermodynamics.
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Zhou, Chilou, Haojun Lin, Guohua Chen, Peng Yang, Yiran Zheng, Xingquan Qiu, Xiangyue Li, and Yuhang Yang. "Experimental and numerical investigation on temperature uniformity of LPG cylinder in incineration test." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220418127z.

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The liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cylinder incineration test is an important part of the cylinder periodic inspection to clean up the residual gas and ensure the safety of subsequent inspection items. However, the cylinder needs to be incinerated several times due to the uneven temperature distribution of the cylinder, leading to low incineration efficiency and waste of energy. In this study, a cylinder incineration test is experimentally investigated and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is established to analyze the influence of incinerator structure parameters and cylinder types on the temperature uniformity of the cylinder. The results show that the temperature distribution of the middle surface of the cylinder is most uneven. With the increase of the burner nozzle diameter and the incinerator diameter, the standard deviation of temperature decreases at first and then increases, and the minimum is reached at 150 mm and 530 mm, respectively. The optimized design is found to have a better temperature uniformity of the cylinder with the burner nozzle angle of 0?. The optimal incinerator diameter for different types of LPG cylinders is different and decreases as the cylinder diameter decreases.
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Niazi, Usama Muhammad, Mohammad Shakir Nasif, Masdi Bin Muhammad, and Muhammad Imran. "Integrated Consequence Modelling for Fire Radiation and Combustion Product Toxicity in offshore Petroleum Platform using Risk Based Approach." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 06013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822506013.

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The processing area of offshore platform has high probability of leakage of hydrocarbons. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is one of the most common hydrocarbon produced in offshore platforms. Leakage of LNG can cause pool fire, jet fire, flash fire or fire ball. Thermal radiations due to fire is the major source of damage to workers on board. But due to fire, various combustion product toxic gases are also produced that have both acute and chronic health effects. These toxic gases can cause incapacitation, increased heart rate, vomiting and even death. Predicting the human injury due to thermal radiations and concentration of toxic gases are the key issues. A risk based approach takes in to consideration the duration a worker spent on different location of offshore platform and also it has the additive ability to evaluate overall risk due to fire radiation and toxic gases. Grid based approach helps in better visualization of risk posed by fire radiation and combustion product toxic gases at different locations of platform. The current study proposed an integrated consequence modelling approach for fire and combustion product toxic gases using risk based and grid based approaches. The integrated accident is modelled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The results showed that risk posed by thermal radiation is confined on sub cellar deck (lower deck) but estimated risk due to combustion product gas (carbon monoxide) on cellar deck (upper deck) has significant value that needs to be considered. The current approach would be useful for emergency preparedness plans and safety measures designs for offshore platforms.
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Jung, Hyuk, Bohyun Moon, and Gwang Goo Lee. "Development of Experimental Apparatus for Fire Resistance Test of Rechargeable Energy Storage System in xEV." Energies 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13020465.

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To secure the safety of xEV (all types of electrical vehicles), the United Nations released Global Technical Regulation No. 20, “Global Technical Regulations on the EVS (Electric Vehicle Safety)” in March 2018. The fire resistance test of the rechargeable energy storage system (REESS) describes an experimental procedure to evaluate the safety performance—specifically, whether passengers would have sufficient time to escape from the xEV before the explosion of the battery in a fire. There are two options for component-based REESS fire resistance tests: a gasoline pool fire and a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) burner. This study describes the process for optimizing the specifications of the fire resistance test apparatus for xEV batteries using an LPG burner, which was first proposed by the Republic of Korea. Based on the results of the measurement and a computational fluid dynamics analysis of the prototype test apparatus, new equipment designs were proposed by determining the nozzle spacing and number, fuel flow rate, and experimental conditions. To cover a wide range of xEV battery sizes, a final test apparatus consisting of 625 burners was selected. For three different battery sizes, it was possible to satisfy the temperature requirements, ranging from 800 to 1000 °C, of the GTR fire resistance test. The final apparatus design developed in the present study has been included in GTR No. 20 for EVS since March 2018.
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To, Chi Wing, Wan Ki Chow, and Fang Ming Cheng. "Simulation of Possible Fire and Explosion Hazards of Clean Fuel Vehicles in Garages." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212537.

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Clean fuel is advocated to be used for sustainability. The number of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and hydrogen vehicles is increasing globally. Explosion hazard is a threat. On the other hand, the use of hydrogen is under consideration in Hong Kong. Explosion hazards of these clean fuel (LPG and hydrogen) vehicles were studied and are compared in this paper. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACS) was used. A car garage with a rolling shutter as its entrance was selected for study. Dispersion of LPG from the leakage source with ignition at a higher position was studied. The same garage was used with a typical hydrogen vehicle leaking 3.4 pounds (1.5 kg) of hydrogen in 100 s, the mass flow rate being equal to 0.015 kgs−1. The hydrogen vehicle used in the simulation has two hydrogen tanks with a combined capacity of 5 kg. The entire tank would be completely vented out in about 333 s. Two scenarios of CFD simulation were carried out. In the first scenario, the rolling shutter was completely closed and the leaked LPG or hydrogen was ignited at 300 s after leakage. The second scenario was conducted with a gap height of 0.3 m under the rolling shutter. Predicted results of explosion pressure and temperature show that appropriate active fire engineering systems are required when servicing these clean fuel vehicles in garages. An appropriate vent in an enclosed space such as the garage is important in reducing explosion hazards.
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Chen, Pengfei, Honggang Chang, Gang Xiong, Yan Zhang, and Xueqin Zheng. "Synthesis of phosphates for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fracturing fluid." Applied Petrochemical Research 9, no. 3-4 (October 29, 2019): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13203-019-00236-5.

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Abstract Herein, a study of phosphate synthesis reactions with triethyl phosphate, phosphorous pentoxide and mixed alcohols is described. The synthesized phosphates are used as gelling agents in LPG fracturing fluids. By this study, a phosphate product with good performance has been obtain by screening different combination of alcohols and various reaction conditions including the ratios of reactants, reaction temperatures and reaction times. The LPG fracturing fluid prepared with the phosphate product we optimized maintains a viscosity of 200 mPa s for 1.5 h at 90 °C and 170 s−1 shear rate.
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Захаров, E. Zakharov, Гаврилов, D. Gavrilov, Алимов, V. Alimov, Федянов, and E. Fedyanov. "Method activation end date in the past. direction:re." Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2015): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17138.

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The results of experimental studies of the effect of the addition of synthesis gas in the dynamics of the process of combustion of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and environmental parameters of the engine VAZ 11194 are presented
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Hubert, Antoine, Siaka Dembele, Petr Denissenko, and Jennifer Wen. "Predicting Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) rollovers using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 62 (November 2019): 103922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2019.103922.

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Mockus, Saulius, Jonas Sapragonas, Agnius Stonys, and Saugirdas Pukalskas. "ANALYSIS OF EXHAUST GAS COMPOSITION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES USING LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2006.9636874.

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The problems of implementation of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) supply systems are related with the fact that they are alternative systems used in engines constructed and optimized for work with other kinds of fuel. So assemblers of the systems have to evaluate power losses and at the same time ecological requirements. The experiment is devoted to the analysis of gas composition of engines working at different modes in order to specify the particularity of LPG system tuning and to obtain data for the evaluation of environmental pollution by numerical car dynamics models. It is estimated that the algorithms of current LPG systems balance between ecological requirements and optimization of external characteristics of engines, and the gas systems are characterized by a great inertia. Also, it is determined that more precise tuning algorithms must be constructed, and more tuning points and tuning, when an engine works in standard modes, must be foreseen.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas Fluid dynamics"

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Polanco, Pinerez G. C. "Phase change within flows from breaches of liquefied gas pipelines." Thesis, Coventry University, 2008. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/b374a447-1db1-b578-7424-a5e485b28f4f/1.

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This thesis presents a compendium of work on superheated liquid releases. Superheated liquid releases are often subject to flashing. Nucleation has been identified as an important process in the early stage of flashing. The presence of strong nucleation and therefore flashing depends on the output of the balance of the promoting forces and dissipation forces inside the fluid released. A one dimensional model to classify the type of jet to be formed after the release has been developed based on the balance of these forces. The analysis is based on the assumption that the nucleation process can be modelled as a second order damped system. The model parameters are defined as a function of the pressure, temperature, fluid properties and geometric characteristic of the system. The results obtained have good agreement with the experimental results available for releases of different fluids, including both hydrocarbons and water. The calculation of the velocity discharge, void fraction and mass flow of a flashing jet generated after the release is made based on the thermodynamics jump formulation approach. Due to the nature of the nucleation process, the assumptions of adiabatic flow with non reversible work for the surface tension forces are made. Those considerations are found to be more realistic that the isentropic condition used until now by different authors. Numerical techniques are only applied after the flashing jet is formed, no droplets generation or vapour generation are included. Droplets are imposed as part of the boundary conditions of a gas jet. Droplets transport mechanics and momentum exchange with the gas current is made using Droplet Disperse Model (DDM) on the commercial code Fluent Ò. DDM determines the distribution of the disperse phase over the continuous phase using a Lagrangian Eulerian approach. The influence of velocity, the dimension of the nozzle and mass flow used in the CFD modelling were analysed. Nozzle dimensions have a large impact on the core region length of the velocity profile. The k −e turbulent model was used. As expected, the numerical results do approach experimental values in the far region, suggesting that the momentum of the two phase jet is conserved. The one dimensional model thus provides the necessary boundary conditions for the application of numerical methods to superheated liquid releases including flashing.
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Udechukwu, Izunna David. "Development of a model for computational fluid dynamics simulation of liquefied natural gas vapour dispersion." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/34537/.

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Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is currently playing an important role in the world energy markets. This is evidenced by growing demand and increased construction of LNG facilities across Europe and the United States. In the event of spill from any of the facilities handling LNG such as during liquefaction, transportation or regasification, flammable vapour is formed which disperses through the atmosphere constituting fire and explosion hazards. To ensure public safety in the midst of growing LNG demand and facilities construction, industries are usually mandated to demonstrate that public safety will not be undermined by potential spill from their facilities. One method that is currently being used to demonstrate compliance is through LNG vapour dispersion modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD modelling of dispersion phenomena is a challenging task that requires rigorous methodology to account for the underpinning physical processes. The modelling process comprises of two steps: source term quantification and vapour dispersion modelling. Source term quantification involves the physical description of spill rate, pool spreading and evaporation. Vapour dispersion utilizes the result of source term quantification in order to predict the turbulent entrainment and dilution process with the ambient wind. Existing models employ simplifying assumptions that circumvents explicit source term modelling. The spilled liquid is assumed to fill the entire substrate immediately at which time the spill rate becomes equal to evaporation rate. Following this assumption, a fixed inlet patch area and evaporation rate is applied at the gas inlet boundary. This approach fails to incorporate the transient pool development and subsequent evaporation into the dispersion modelling process. The primary aim of this dissertation is to develop an efficient integrated pool spreading, evaporation and dispersion (I-PSED) model code for LNG vapour dispersion simulation. This represents a significant shift from the traditional method since the new methodology combines the spilling process, spreading on substrate and transient evaporation into a unified model. For the spilling process, the well- known orifice model has been adopted to predict the spill rate taking into account the decreasing head. A mass balance approach is adopted in conjunction with a well¬established similarity model for spreading calculation. Heat transfer to the spreading pool is incorporated based on film boiling correlation. The spreading model was then coupled to an atmospheric dispersion model within OpenFOAM framework through the implementation of a new boundary condition in which the gas inlet patch area changes based on the instantaneous pool radius. The developed integrated code (I-PSED) is validated against data from the Coyote Series LNG Spill experiments as well as against Shell's Maplin Sand LNG spill experiments. Predictions of concentration obtained using the proposed model and those obtained using conventional approach are compared against experimental data at specific sensor locations. Also, arc-wise comparisons are carried out. Predicted results show good agreement with experimental data and clearly put the newly developed model ahead of the conventional approach for CFD simulation of LNG vapour dispersion. With the newly developed approach, the cloud arrival time and average concentrations at most sensor locations were better predicted. The effect of the turbulent production due to density stratification (buoyancy) created by the release of cryogen is investigated. Experience gathered shows that incorporation of a production term due to buoyancy in the turbulence model improves predictions under unstable atmospheric condition, otherwise the concentration field would be grossly over-predicted.
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Eggenspieler, Gilles. "Numerical simulation of pollutant emission and flame extinction in lean premixed systems." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06222005-132512/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Yedidia Neumeier, Committee Member ; Jerry Seitzman, Committee Member ; Fotis Sotiropoulos, Committee Member ; Tim Lieuwen, Committee Member ; suresh menon, Committee Chair.
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Kee, Kok Eng. "A Study of Flow Patterns and Surface Wetting in Gas-Oil-Water Flow." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1401985339.

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Monte, Verde William 1987. "Estudo experimental de bombas de BCS operando com escoamento bifásico gás-líquido." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264613.

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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Bannwart
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:45:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonteVerde_William_M.pdf: 4763246 bytes, checksum: d71320f12abcec340b449d80b2466a83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: A utilização de bombas centrífugas submersas (BCS) operando com a mistura gás-líquido é comum na indústria de petróleo. Para elevadas vazões de líquido e baixas frações de gás o desempenho da bomba é similar ao escoamento monofásico. No entanto, uma degradação severa no desempenho é observada para elevadas frações de gás. A presença de gás livre no escoamento causa instabilidades na curva de ganho de pressão versus vazão. A curva passa a exibir um ponto de máximo, conhecido como ponto de 'surging', sendo que para vazões abaixo desse ponto, ocorre uma acentuada queda no ganho de pressão e, portanto, na capacidade de bombeamento. O aumento da vazão de gás pode causar o bloqueio da área disponível ao escoamento no rotor da bomba, fazendo com que a vazão seja nula, fenômeno conhecido como 'gas locking'. Portanto, o conhecimento das condições operacionais onde ocorre o surging é de fundamental importância para a operação adequada da bomba. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter as curvas de desempenho (elevação, potência e rendimento) de BCS operando com misturas gás-líquido. Com esse propósito as curvas característica de um protótipo de BCS foram determinadas utilizando a mistura água-ar, com frações volumétricas de gás entre 0 e 10% em diferentes rotações, pressões de sucção e vazões de líquido. O protótipo de BCS foi desenvolvido a partir de uma bomba convencional permitindo a visualização do escoamento no interior da bomba. Um manuseador de gás também foi testado buscando determinar suas características operacionais. Os ensaios foram realizados em uma bancada de testes, onde foram medidas os parâmetros do escoamento (vazões de ar e água, pressão e temperatura na entrada e saída da bomba) e parâmetros mecânicos (torque de velocidade de rotação). Uma severa degradação no desempenho, e consequentemente no rendimento da bomba foram observados devido à presença de gás no escoamento. Os fenômenos de surging e gas locking também foram observados durante os testes. A velocidade de rotação e a pressão de sucção influenciaram a fração volumétrica onde o surging ocorre. O aumento da velocidade de rotação e da pressão de sucção desloca a fração volumétrica critica de gás para valores mais elevados, aumentando a faixa operacional da bomba
Abstract: The use of electrical submersible pumps (ESP) under gas-liquid flow is very common in the oil industry. At constant liquid flow rate a dramatic degradation on pump head is observed as gas flow rate increases. Natural instabilities of two-phase flow may cause the centrifugal pump to surge at rather low gas void fraction (GVF), as evidenced by a critical point in the pressure gain x flow rate curve, a phenomenon referenced as 'surging point'. Further increase in GVF may cause the gas to fill most of the pump impeller, making the liquid flow rate to decrease down to zero, a phenomenon known as 'gas locking'. Therefore, knowledge of the conditions for which the pump starts to surge is of utmost importance and can only be understood through experimental investigation. The goal of this work is to present the experimental ESP performance curves (head, brake horsepower and efficiency) when operating with gas-liquid mixtures. For that purpose the characteristic curves were determined for one prototype of ESP, operating with water and two-phase air-water mixtures with GVF ranging from 0 to 10 % at different rotational speed, intake pressure and liquid flow rate. The ESP prototype is designed to make possible the flow visualization inside the pump. The performance of a gas handler was also tested in order to determine their operational characteristics. Tests were carried out on an ESP testing bench, where flow parameters (air and water flow rates, pressure and temperature at the inlet and outlet of the pump) and mechanical parameters (shaft torque and speed) were measured. A significant decrease in pump head, and consequently in pump efficiency, was observed as the air fraction was increased. Phenomena like surging and gas locking were observed during these tests. The rotational speed and intake pressure affect the critical GVF at the surging conditions. Increasing the rotational speed and intake pressure moves de critical GVF to higher values extending the operational range the ESP
Mestrado
Explotação
Mestre em Engenharia de Petróleo
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Portella, Rosilene Abreu. "Modelagem dinâmica de separador bifásico com alimentação por escoamento em regime de golfadas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=773.

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Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.
O presente trabalho aborda o comportamento da planta de processamento primário com alimentação por fluxo em padrão de golfadas. O fluxo no sistema de tubulações é descrito por um modelo de parâmetros concentrados, fornecendo as características principais necessárias para o controle da planta, e a resposta dinâmica desta pode então ser analisada. Usando a estratégia de controle tradicional verifica-se que as oscilações de fluxo são transmitidas para as vazões de saída de líquido e gás, para obter uma vazão de saída mais estável é permitida a flutuação de carga no separador dentro de uma tolerância, isto é possível reduzindo a atuação do controlador e estabelecendo um controle adicional diretamente na válvula de entrada.
The present work addresses the behavior of a primary processing plant subjected to slug flow pattern at its entrance. The flow in a pipeline system is described by a simplified concentrated parameter model, which preserves the main physical features that are important to control the plant. The dynamic response of the plant is then analyzed. Using a standard control strategy for the gas liquid separator, it is seen that the flow oscillations are transmitted to the liquid and gas outlets. In order to obtain a more stable outlet flow, the liquid level in the separator is then allowed to fluctuate within a given range, by reducing the effect of the controller constants, and establishing an additional control directly on the inlet entrance valve.
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Qi, Ruifeng. "Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Vapor Dispersion Modeling with Computational Fluid Dynamics Codes." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10113.

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Federal regulation 49 CFR 193 and standard NFPA 59A require the use of validated consequence models to determine the vapor cloud dispersion exclusion zones for accidental liquefied natural gas (LNG) releases. For modeling purposes, the physical process of dispersion of LNG release can be simply divided into two stages: source term and atmospheric dispersion. The former stage occurs immediately following the release where the behavior of fluids (LNG and its vapor) is mainly controlled by release conditions. After this initial stage, the atmosphere would increasingly dominate the vapor dispersion behavior until it completely dissipates. In this work, these two stages are modeled separately by a source term model and a dispersion model due to the different parameters used to describe the physical process at each stage. The principal focus of the source term study was on LNG underwater release, since there has been far less research conducted in developing and testing models for the source of LNG release underwater compared to that for LNG release onto land or water. An underwater LNG release test was carried out to understand the phenomena that occur when LNG is released underwater and to determine the characteristics of pool formation and the vapor cloud generated by the vaporization of LNG underwater. A mathematical model was used and validated against test data to calculate the temperature of the vapor emanating from the water surface. This work used the ANSYS CFX, a general-purpose computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, to model LNG vapor dispersion in the atmosphere. The main advantages of CFD codes are that they have the capability of defining flow physics and allowing for the representation of complex geometry and its effects on vapor dispersion. Discussed are important parameters that are essential inputs to the ANSYS CFX simulations, including the mesh size and shape, atmospheric conditions, turbulence from the source term, ground surface roughness height, and effects of obstacles. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to illustrate the impact of key parameters on the accuracy of simulation results. In addition, a series of medium-scale LNG spill tests have been performed at the Brayton Fire Training Field (BFTF), College Station, TX. The objectives of these tests were to study key parameters of modeling the physical process of LNG vapor dispersion and collect data for validating the ANSYS CFX prediction results. A comparison of test data with simulation results demonstrated that CFX described the physical behavior of LNG vapor dispersion well, and its prediction results of distances to the half lower flammable limit were in good agreement with the test data.
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Books on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas Fluid dynamics"

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Lurie, Michael V. Modeling of oil product and gas pipeline transportation. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2008.

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Johannes Petrus Bernardus Nicolaas Derks. Cold fluid driven crack propagation: Thermo-mechanical behaviour of rock caverns. Delft, The Netherlands: Delft University Press, 1997.

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European Congress on Fluid Machinery for the Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Industry (8th 2002 The Hague, Netherlands). Eight European Congress on Fluid Machinery for the Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industry: 31 October-1 November 2002, Bilderberg Europa Hotel, The Hague, The Netherlands. Bury St Edmunds: Professional Engineering, for the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, 2003.

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Publishers), PEP (Professional Engineering. Fluid Machinery for the Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industry: IMechE Conference Transactions 2003-1 (Imeche Event Publications). Wiley, 2003.

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Natural Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance. Gulf Professional Publishing, 2010.

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Industrial Chemical Process Design. McGraw-Hill Companies, 2002.

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Conference papers on the topic "Liquefied petroleum gas Fluid dynamics"

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Lara-Rodriguez, G., O. Begovich, and J. L. Naredo. "Improving LPG Pump Efficiency by Considering Variant Physical-Properties of Liquefied Petroleum Gas." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69147.

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In a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) plant, the gas is received, stored, and finally, pumped to tanker trucks for distribution to consumers. In the pumping stage, a reduction in the efficiency of the pump for values below the density of the LPG is observed. As an option to resolve this problem when pumping LPG with varying density, this analysis evaluates a temperature control system in the plant’s pipeline by means of the installation of heat exchange equipment, attempting to reduce the temperature of the LPG. The theoretical data that the density of the liquid corresponds to 0.540kg/m3 at 288.65K is taken into account, supposing that if the temperature of the liquid can be reduced, the density of the LPG can be increased, thus improving the efficiency of the pump. In this research, a methodology of dimensional analysis is used to combine real operating conditions and simulations on commercial grade Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software; it is proposed to cool the liquid gas stored in the LPG plant during its trajectory from the storage spheres to the pumping equipment. Therefore, the research being reported in this paper focuses on a modification to the LPG pumping process, installing a heat exchanger as an alternative or means to compensate for the loss of efficiency in LPG pumps and evaluating its application in the hydrocarbons industry.
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Chiang, M., C. Manzie, H. Watson, and M. Palaniswami. "Estimation of the Stoichiometric Air-Fuel Ratio in Liquefied Petroleum Gas-Injected Engines." In SAE Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2738.

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Dimov, S. V., O. A. Gasenko, M. I. Fokin, and V. V. Kuznetsov. "Steam conversion of liquefied petroleum gas and methane in microchannel reactor." In XV ALL-RUSSIAN SEMINAR “DYNAMICS OF MULTIPHASE MEDIA” (DMM2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5027320.

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Yang, Shuzhong, Huichao Ma, Wen Ren, Jingquan Liu, Jiyang Yu, YiTong Liu, and Xiangqi Fan. "Research on density measurement of liquefied natural gas storage tank based on computational fluid dynamics." In International Conference on Sensors and Instruments 2021, edited by Fengjie Cen and Wei Wei. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2603070.

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Osgouei, A. E., and G. Altun. "A Review of Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Prediction of Oil and Gas Wells Problems." In 19th International Petroleum and Natural Gas Congress and Exhibition of Turkey. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.380.43.

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Moore, J. Jeffrey, David L. Ransom, and Flavia Viana. "Rotordynamic Force Prediction of Centrifugal Compressor Impellers Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28181.

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The energy industry depends on centrifugal compressors to produce, process, re-inject and transport many different gases. Centrifugal compressors use one or more impellers to impart momentum to the flowing gas and, thereby, produce an increase in pressure through diffusion. As the operating pressure in a compressor increases, the fluid-rotor interaction at the seals and impellers become more important. Also, the new generation of mega-scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) compressors is dependent on accurate assessment of these forces. The aerodynamic forces and cross-coupled stiffness from the impellers cannot be accurately predicted with traditional methods and must be estimated with semi-empirical formulations. The result of these inaccuracies is a potential for compressor designs that can experience unexpected, dangerous, and damaging instabilities and subsynchronous vibrations. The current investigation is intended to advance the state-of-the-art to achieve an improved, physics-based method of predicted aerodynamic destabilizing cross-coupling forces on centrifugal compressor impellers using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD was employed in this study to predict the impeller-fluid interaction forces, which gives rise to the aerodynamic cross-coupling. The procedure utilized in this study was developed by Moore and Palazzolo [10], which applied the method to liquid pump impellers. Their results showed good correlation to test data. Unfortunately, no such data exists for centrifugal compressors. Therefore, in order to validate the present model, comparisons will be made to predict the instability of an industrial centrifugal compressor. A parametric CFD study is then presented leading to a new analytical expression for predicting the cross-coupled stiffness for centrifugal impellers.
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McCue, Leigh S., and Armin W. Troesch. "Identification of Nonlinear and Chaotic Behavior in Model-Scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Carrier Experimental Data." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84459.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study simulating the behavior of LNG carriers with partially filled tanks exposed to beam seas. Details of the experimental model and method of data collection are presented. Additionally, surrogate data testing is employed to demonstrate nonlinearity in vessel roll time series. Lastly, Lyapunov exponent calculations are performed to detect chaotic behavior resulting from nonlinear vessel motions coupled with the dynamics of fluid sloshing in on-board tanks. The nonlinear time series analysis programs contained in the TISEAN package [1] are used extensively throughout this work.
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Porter, M. A., D. D. Miller, D. H. Martens, and S. M. McGuffie. "Investigation of a Shell and Tube Exchanger in Liquefied Natural Gas Vaporization Service." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26592.

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is commonly converted from liquid to vapor for gas distribution. One of the methods for vaporizing LNG is to use a shell and tube heat exchanger. Water is used on the shell side to provide the heat source and LNG is then vaporized through the tube side passages of the exchanger. In many of these applications, the LNG is at a high pressure on the tube side while the water is at a lower pressure than the LNG as it flows through the shell side. The industry consensus document API 521 [1] “Guide to Pressure Relieving and Depressuring Systems,” Fourth Edition, paragraph 3.18 “Heat Transfer Equipment Failure” states that a complete tube rupture is to be considered for the possible overpressure of the equipment. The typical shell and tube exchanger application described above has rupture discs on the shell body to protect the shell from being over-pressured due to a tube rupture scenario. The possible freezing of the water in the shell due to mixing with cryogenic LNG is a concern. The issue to consider is whether freezing will occur before the rupture discs can safely relieve a possible over-pressure condition of the shell. A numerical analysis of the condition was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The exchanger service, the analysis procedure and the conclusions found are detailed in this paper.
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Lin, Zhen-Hao, Jia-Jie Lu, Jun-Ye Li, and Jin-Yuan Qian. "Fluid Dynamics and Contact Stress on Hard Sealing Surface Analysis of LNG Cryogenic Ball Valve." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65667.

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Abstract LNG (liquefied natural gas) cryogenic ball valve (CBV) is an important flow control device in LNG receiving stations. Its reliability directly affects the stability of the pipeline system, especially its damage or leak in the seat seal will seriously threaten the normal operation and the safety of LNG receiving stations. When LNG flows through the CBV, due to the interaction between fluid pressure and the valve structure, the hard sealing at the valve seat is not only subjected to the pre-tightening force of saucer spring, but also affected by the fluid pressure of the complex flow. Therefore, it is necessary to study the flow characteristics in the CBV and the hard sealing performance affected by the LNG. In this paper, the fluid dynamics and the contact stress on hard sealing performance in the CBV are analyzed. The pressure drop, pressure, and velocity distributions were analyzed, respectively. The contact stress on the hard sealing surfaces of the CBV with fluid pressure was analyzed by the fluid-structure coupling method. This work has a certain reference value for researching and mastering the hard sealing performance of cryogenic ball valves.
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Nubli, Haris, Aditya Rio Prabowo, and Jung Min Sohn. "Fire Phenomenon of Natural Gas Leak Accidents on the LNG-Fueled Ship Using Computational Fluid Dynamic." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18258.

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Abstract The emission of greenhouse gases has tightened up in the shipping industries, since the International Maritime Organization established the Emission Control Area (ECA), to reduce the emission of NOx and SOx. It results in an increase of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as an alternative fuel for merchant vessels. However, the LNG-fueled ship should be verified with respect to reliability and its safety due to the high risk of natural gas. This work aims to establish the scenario of gas leak accident, and the critical zone due to fire spreading. The variables of leak size, leak location, wind direction and wind speed were included into the scenario. The probabilistic approach also applied to determine the scenario. This study provides the release duration which is associated to the ignition probability. The Latin Hypercube Sampling was used to generate the credible scenario. Finally, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of fire release scenarios was performed by using a commercial package software, Kameleon FireEx. The numerical simulation results show the thermal radiations which consisted of several levels of heat intensity. The size of critical zone can be determined from the contour of thermal radiation.
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