To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Lipoproteins – Metabolism – Disorders.
Journal articles on the topic 'Lipoproteins – Metabolism – Disorders'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Lipoproteins – Metabolism – Disorders.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Volkova, A. R., O. D. Dygun, O. V. Galkina, L. A. Belyakova, and E. O. Bogdanova. "The role of subclinical hypothyroidism in lipid metabolism disorders." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma25936.
Full textAbstract:
Subclinical hypothyroidism is common in general practice. The clinical significance of latent thyroid dysfunction has not yet been determined. The parameters of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress were studied in patients suffering from subclinical hypothyroidism between the ages of 18 and 50 years. They had a level of thyroid stimulating hormone ≥4 mIU/l, the level of free thyroxine was normal. The control group consisted of healthy individuals with thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 0,4-2,4 mIU/l. Thyroid status, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, lipid profile, malondialdehyde-modified low-density oxidized lipoproteins, antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins, homocysteine were determined for all individuals. With the repeated determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone in 16,8% patients spontaneous recovery of thyroid-stimulating blood hormone level was observed, which was associated with lower values of thyroid-stimulating hormone and the absence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. In the group of patients with thyroid stimulating hormone levels ≥7 mIU/l, the total cholesterol level was significantly (p=0,02) higher than in the control group. In patients with elevated values of malondialdehyde-modified oxidized low-density lipoprotein, thyroid stimulating hormone level of ≥7 mIU/l was more frequently detected. A negative correlation was found between the level of IgG antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins and the concentration of free thyroxin. In the control group, the correlation was found between the concentration of IgG antibodies to low-density oxidized lipoproteins and the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone. In the group of subclinical hypothyroidism, the concentration of homocysteine was significantly (p=0,01) higher in men. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, more often hyperhomocysteinemia was detected compared with the control group. The results suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with initial changes in the metabolism of lipids and homocysteine.
2
Lishchuk, Orysia, Olesya Kikhtyak, and Khrystyna Moskva. "THE PECULARITIES OF CORRELATION BETWEEN INSULIN RESISTANCE, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM INDICES IN PATIENTS WITH GRAVES’DISEASE." EUREKA: Health Sciences 1 (January 31, 2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5679.2017.00272.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. The number of patients with endocrine disorders in the world, in particular, Graves’ disease is continuously increasing. Recent studies have determined the fact of insulin resistance in thyroid disorders. On the one hand, numerous researches prove correlation of hypothyroidism with arterial hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and lipid metabolism disorder, on the other – carbohydrate metabolism disorder and hyper-sympathicotonia are closely associated with hyperthyroidism. The subject of the research was to study the correlation of insulin resistance, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism indices in patients with Graves’disease. Material and Methods. During the study 53 (37 female and 16 male) patients with Graves’ disease with noticed IR have been examined. At the beginning, after 3– and 6-months thyreostatic therapy with insulin sensitizers (metformin or pioglitazone) the following investigations have been performed: assessing thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, free thyroxine and triiodothyronine; assessing glycated haemoglobin, glucose, C-peptide and fasting insulin as primary IR markers; calculating НОМА-IR index for analysing tissue sensitivity to insulin; calculating НОМА-β index for evaluating the functional capacity of β-cells of islets of Langerhans; measuring Caro indices to monitor hyperinsulinemia, measuring total cholesterol level, low-density lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins , triglycerides, for analysing IR in relation to lipid metabolism. Results. The research results found out that free thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone are closely related to lipid metabolism. Thus, thyroid-stimulating hormone was characterized as having direct correlation with low-density lipoproteins, while the free thyroxine inversely correlated with total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins. The free triiodothyronine negatively correlated with high-density lipoproteins. The research has also determined the direct correlation between insulin and free thyroxine, as well as free triiodothyronine in patients with diffuse toxic goitre. Conclusions. The study proves the presence of insulin resistance in patients with Graves’ disease that generates interest to further study of the changes in insulin sensitivity, relation of insulin resistance to thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid hormones and looking for the ways to correct these disorders.
3
Sadykova, D. I., A. V. Susekov, I. V. Leontyeva, I. I. Zakirov, E. S. Slastnikova, L. F. Galimova, D. R. Sabirova, and N. V. Krinitskaya. "Lipid metabolism disorders and thyrotoxicosis." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 65, no. 6 (January 22, 2021): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-6-91-97.
Full textAbstract:
Disorders of lipid metabolism in endocrine diseases are a frequent occurrence in the daily practice of a doctor and usually have secondary nature. In thyrotoxicosis they have normal or decreased level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. A clinical case of a patient with thyrotoxicosis, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia is presented. The clinical and laboratory results of the study of the child and his parents are presented. DNA testing was conducted to clarify the diagnosis and conduct differential diagnosis of dyslipidemia type. This case shows difficulties in the diagnostic search for the etiology of dyslipidemia and its correction.
4
Ke, Liang-Yin, Shi Hui Law, Vineet Kumar Mishra, Farzana Parveen, Hua-Chen Chan, Ye-Hsu Lu, and Chih-Sheng Chu. "Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Electronegative Lipoproteins in Cardiovascular Diseases." Biomedicines 8, no. 12 (November 29, 2020): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8120550.
Full textAbstract:
Dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism increases plasma levels of lipoproteins and triglycerides, resulting in vascular endothelial damage. Remarkably, the oxidation of lipid and lipoprotein particles generates electronegative lipoproteins that mediate cellular deterioration of atherosclerosis. In this review, we examined the core of atherosclerotic plaque, which is enriched by byproducts of lipid metabolism and lipoproteins, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and electronegative subfraction of LDL (LDL(−)). We also summarized the chemical properties, receptors, and molecular mechanisms of LDL(−). In combination with other well-known markers of inflammation, namely metabolic diseases, we concluded that LDL(−) can be used as a novel prognostic tool for these lipid disorders. In addition, through understanding the underlying pathophysiological molecular routes for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, we may reassess current therapeutics and might gain a new direction to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, mainly targeting LDL(−) clearance.
5
Vaziri, N. D. "Dyslipidemia of chronic renal failure: the nature, mechanisms, and potential consequences." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 290, no. 2 (February 2006): F262—F272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00099.2005.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic renal failure (CRF) results in profound lipid disorders, which stem largely from dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. Specifically, maturation of HDL is impaired and its composition is altered in CRF. In addition, clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their atherogenic remnants is impaired, their composition is altered, and their plasma concentrations are elevated in CRF. Impaired maturation of HDL in CRF is primarily due to downregulation of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and, to a lesser extent, increased plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Triglyceride enrichment of HDL in CRF is primarily due to hepatic lipase deficiency and elevated CETP activity. The CRF-induced hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal composition, and impaired clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants are primarily due to downregulation of lipoprotein lipase, hepatic lipase, and the very-low-density lipoprotein receptor, as well as, upregulation of hepatic acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT). In addition, impaired HDL metabolism contributes to the disturbances of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism. These abnormalities are compounded by downregulation of apolipoproteins apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoC-II in CRF. Together, these abnormalities may contribute to the risk of arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease and may adversely affect progression of renal disease and energy metabolism in CRF.
6
Ko, Seong-Hee, and Hyun-Sook Kim. "Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women." Nutrients 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12010202.
Full textAbstract:
Menopause is clinically diagnosed as a condition when a woman has not menstruated for one year. During the menopausal transition period, there is an emergence of various lipid metabolic disorders due to hormonal changes, such as decreased levels of estrogens and increased levels of circulating androgens; these may lead to the development of metabolic syndromes including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism affects the body fat mass, fat-free mass, fatty acid metabolism, and various aspects of energy metabolism, such as basal metabolic ratio, adiposity, and obesity. Moreover, menopause is also associated with alterations in the levels of various lipids circulating in the blood, such as lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TG). Alterations in lipid metabolism and excessive adipose tissue play a key role in the synthesis of excess fatty acids, adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and reactive oxygen species, which cause lipid peroxidation and result in the development of insulin resistance, abdominal adiposity, and dyslipidemia. This review discusses dietary recommendations and beneficial compounds, such as vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, phytochemicals—and their food sources—to aid the management of abnormal lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women.
7
Xiao, Changting, Joanne Hsieh, Khosrow Adeli, and Gary F. Lewis. "Gut-liver interaction in triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 301, no. 3 (September 2011): E429—E446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00178.2011.
Full textAbstract:
The liver and intestine have complementary and coordinated roles in lipoprotein metabolism. Despite their highly specialized functions, assembly and secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL; apoB-100-containing VLDL in the liver and apoB-48-containing chylomicrons in the intestine) are regulated by many of the same hormonal, inflammatory, nutritional, and metabolic factors. Furthermore, lipoprotein metabolism in these two organs may be affected in a similar fashion by certain disorders. In insulin resistance, for example, overproduction of TRL by both liver and intestine is a prominent component of and underlies other features of a complex dyslipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerosis. The intestine is gaining increasing recognition for its importance in affecting whole body lipid homeostasis, in part through its interaction with the liver. This review aims to integrate recent advances in our understanding of these processes and attempts to provide insight into the factors that coordinate lipid homeostasis in these two organs in health and disease.
8
Osipenko, A. N. "Influence of Disorders of Fatty Acid Metabolism, Arterial Wall Hypoxia, and Intraplaque Hemorrhages on Lipid Accumulation in Atherosclerotic Vessels." Acta Biomedica Scientifica 6, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.8.
Full textAbstract:
The review describes a number of competing views on the main causes of cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels. On the one hand, unregulated cholesterol influx into arterial intima is primarily related to the increasing proportion of atherogenic lipoproteins in the lipoprotein spectrum of blood. On the other hand, the leading role in this process is assigned to the increased permeability of endothelium for atherogenic lipoproteins. The increased ability of arterial intima connective tissue to bind atherogenic blood lipoproteins is also considered to be the leading cause of cholesterol accumulation in the vascular wall. The key role in cholesterol accumulation is also assigned to unregulated (by a negative feedback mechanism) absorption of atherogenic lipoproteins by foam cells. It is suggested that the main cause of abundant cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerotic vessels is significant inflow of this lipid into the vascular wall during vasa vasorum hemorrhages.The article also provides arguments, according to which disorder of fatty acid metabolism in arterial wall cells can initiate accumulation of neutral lipids in them, contribute to the inflammation and negatively affect the mechanical conditions around the vasa vasorum in the arterial walls. As a result, the impact of pulse waves on the luminal surface of the arteries will lead to frequent hemorrhages of these microvessels. At the same time, adaptive-muscular intima hyperplasia, which develops in arterial channel areas subjected to high hemodynamic loads, causes local hypoxia in a vascular wall. As a result, arterial wall cells undergo even more severe lipid transformation. Hypoxia also stimulates vascularization of the arterial wall, which contributes to hemorrhages in it. With hemorrhages, free erythrocyte cholesterol penetrates into the forming atherosclerotic plaque, a part of this cholesterol forms cholesterol esters inside the arterial cells. The saturation of erythrocyte membranes with this lipid in conditions of hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia contributes to the process of cholesterol accumulation in arteries.
9
Garmish, O. "The nature of metabolic disorders of blood lipoproteins as the basis for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with inflammatory joint diseases." Bukovinian Medical Herald 24, no. 4 (96) (November 26, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxiv.4.96.2020.97.
Full textAbstract:
Objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of the metabolic disorders of lipids and lipoproteins (LP) in the blood in 112 patients with systemic rheumatic diseases.Material and methods. In all patients, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), the content of malonic aldehyde (MA) in circulating monocytes, in blood plasma, and catalase activity were determined. The presence and severity of pro-atherogenic status were evaluated by the content of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the blood, which was determined by the bioassay method using peritoneal mouse macrophages. The immunogenicity of modified LР was determined by the content in the circulating immune complexes (CIC) of cholesterol (Сhol) and triglycerides (TG). The spectrum of lipids and LP in the blood was evaluated in detail with an additional determination of the plasma level of proteins apoB and apoA-1 were determined.Results. The obtained results show the existence in the examined patients of significant systemic inflammation in conjunction with the distinct proatherogenic metabolic state that was revealed by lipoprotein modification with the appearance in them of auto-antigenic properties. These changes appeared despite the absence of significant traditional atherogenic risk factors. The results of the paired correlative analysis showed the existence of strong dependence between indexes of systemic inflammation, proatherogenic and immunogenic lipoprotein modification. Conclusions. When determining proatherogenic disorders of lipid and blood lipoproteins metabolism in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases, it is necessary to focus not on traditional risk factors, which may remain within normal values, but on the content of apoA-1, apoB proteins, their ratio, and the determination of modified lipoproteins blood and the severity of the autoimmune reaction to them.
10
Kurashvili, L. V., O. S. Izmailova, N. N. Novozhenina, N. E. Kormilkina, A. S. Ivachev, and A. V. Spirin. "Content of triglycerides in lipoproteins of high density in patients with chronic calculus- free cholecystitis." Kazan medical journal 82, no. 2 (April 3, 2001): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj66490.
Full textAbstract:
The content of triglycerides in lipoprotein fraction of high density in patients with chronic calculus-free cholecystitis is studied. It is established that the li poprotein fraction is enriched by triglycerides, that it is modified and changes its functions. The lipid status disorders are found in all patients. In the Chazov and Klimov (1980) phenotyping the lipoprotein metabolism disorder is largely revealed by the IV type, their minimum degree by the IIA type.
11
Whitfield, Amanda J., P. Hugh R. Barrett, Frank M. van Bockxmeer, and John R. Burnett. "Lipid Disorders and Mutations in the APOB Gene." Clinical Chemistry 50, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2004.038026.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Plasma lipoproteins are important determinants of atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein (apo) B is a large, amphipathic glycoprotein that plays a central role in human lipoprotein metabolism. Two forms of apoB are produced from the APOB gene by a unique posttranscriptional editing process: apoB-48, which is required for chylomicron production in the small intestine, and apoB-100, required for VLDL production in the liver. In addition to being the essential structural component of VLDL, apoB-100 is the ligand for LDL-receptor-mediated endocytosis of LDL particles. Content: The study of monogenic dyslipidemias has revealed important aspects of metabolic pathways. In this review, we discuss the regulation of apoB metabolism and examine how APOB gene defects can lead to both hypo- and hypercholesterolemia. The key clinical, metabolic, and genetic features of familial hypobetalipoproteinemia and familial ligand-defective apoB-100 are described. Summary: Missense mutations in the LDL-receptor-binding domain of apoB cause familial ligand-defective apoB-100, characterized by hypercholesterolemia and premature coronary artery disease. Other mutations in APOB can cause familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, characterized by hypocholesterolemia and resistance to atherosclerosis. These naturally occurring mutations reveal key domains in apoB and demonstrate how monogenic dyslipidemias can provide insight into biologically important mechanisms.
12
Santos Ferreira, Diana, Christopher Hübel, Moritz Herle, Mohamed Abdulkadir, Ruth Loos, Rachel Bryant-Waugh, Cynthia Bulik, Bianca De Stavola, Deborah Lawlor, and Nadia Micali. "Associations between Blood Metabolic Profile at 7 Years Old and Eating Disorders in Adolescence: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children." Metabolites 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo9090191.
Full textAbstract:
Eating disorders are severe illnesses characterized by both psychiatric and metabolic factors. We explored the prospective role of metabolic risk in eating disorders in a UK cohort (n = 2929 participants), measuring 158 metabolic traits in non-fasting EDTA-plasma by nuclear magnetic resonance. We associated metabolic markers at 7 years (exposure) with risk for anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (outcomes) at 14, 16, and 18 years using logistic regression adjusted for maternal education, child’s sex, age, body mass index, and calorie intake at 7 years. Elevated very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoprotein-B/A, and monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were associated with lower odds of anorexia nervosa at age 18, while elevated high-density lipoproteins, docosahexaenoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio, and fatty acid unsaturation were associated with higher risk for anorexia nervosa at 18 years. Elevated linoleic acid and n-6 fatty acid ratios were associated with lower odds of binge-eating disorder at 16 years, while elevated saturated fatty acid ratio was associated with higher odds of binge-eating disorder. Most associations had large confidence intervals and showed, for anorexia nervosa, different directions across time points. Overall, our results show some evidence for a role of metabolic factors in eating disorders development in adolescence.
13
Medovchshikov, V. V., N. B. Yeshniyazov, E. R. Khasanova, M. V. Vatsik, Y. S. Tukhsanboev, L. A. Babaeva, and Zh D. Kobalava. "Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in hospitalized patients with cardiovascular diseases:prevalence and conformity of baseline blood pressure, lipids and HbA 1c to target levels." Clinical pharmacology and therapy 29, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32756/0869-5490-2020-4-31-35.
Full textAbstract:
To estimate the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and the conformity of baseline blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and HbA 1c to the target levels in patients with established cardiovascular diseases.
14
Mittova, Valentina O., Anna O. Khoroshikh, Olga V. Zemchenkova, Sergey V. Ryazantsev, Oleg V. Maslov, Elena V. Korzh, Lilia S. Ryasnaya-Lokinskaya, and Vladimir V. Alabovsky. "Gender differences in lipid metabolism." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 23, no. 2 (June 4, 2021): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2021.23/3436.
Full textAbstract:
The search for early markers of atherosclerosis is an effective method for providing personalized medicine allowing the prevention of the progression of this pathology. The aim of this study was the determination of the total indices of dyslipidemia and the identification of the gender indices of the extended lipid profile in the population of residents of the Southern and Central Federal Districts (Voronezh, Belgorod, Lipetsk, Kursk and Rostov regions) for the identification of early markers of atherogenicity. In a simultaneous clinical study, involving 339 patients (mean age 48 years), the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL (low density lipoproteins), HDL (high density lipoproteins), apolipoproteins B and A1, the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the atherogenic coefficient were determined. For the identification of the relationship between changes in lipid profile indicators with cytolysis syndrome and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism, the activity of ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), GGTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and glucose contentwere also studied. Analysis of the results of the lipid spectrum of the population sample of the middle age group revealed significant metabolic disorders of lipid metabolism with a predominance of atherogenic lipid fractions and a significant excess of indicators of atherogenic lipid fractions in middle-aged men in comparison with women. It has been shown that the apoB/apoA1 index can be used as an auxiliary marker for early assessment of the prevalence of atherogenic lipid fractions, allowing the identification of risk groups for the development of diseases associated with metabolic disorders
15
Ferchaud-Roucher, Véronique, Yassine Zair, Audrey Aguesse, Michel Krempf, and Khadija Ouguerram. "Omega 3 Improves Both apoB100-containing Lipoprotein Turnover and their Sphingolipid Profile in Hypertriglyceridemia." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 10 (August 17, 2020): 3152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa459.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Context Evidence for an association between sphingolipids and metabolic disorders is increasingly reported. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) improve apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100)-containing lipoprotein metabolism, but their effects on the sphingolipid content in lipoproteins remain unknown. Objectives In subjects with hypertriglyceridemia, we analyzed the effect of n-3 LC-PUFAs on the turnover apoB100-containing lipoproteins and on their sphingolipid content and looked for the possible association between these lipid levels and apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover parameters. Methods Six subjects underwent a kinetic study before and after n-3 supplementation for 2 months with 1 g of fish oil 3 times day containing 360 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 240 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of triglycerides. We examined apoB100-containing lipoprotein turnover by primed perfusion labeled [5,5,5-2H3]-leucine and determined kinetic parameters using a multicompartmental model. We quantified sphingolipid species content in lipoproteins using mass spectrometry. Results Supplementation decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglyceride, and apoB100 concentrations. The VLDL neutral and polar lipids showed increased n-3 LC-PUFA and decreased n-6 LC-PUFA content. The conversion rate of VLDL1 to VLDL2 and of VLDL2 to LDL was increased. We measured a decrease in total apoB100 production and VLDL1 production. Supplementation reduced the total ceramide concentration in VLDL while the sphingomyelin content in LDL was increased. We found positive correlations between plasma palmitic acid and VLDL ceramide and between VLDL triglyceride and VLDL ceramide, and inverse correlations between VLDL n-3 LC-PUFA and VLDL production. Conclusion Based on these results, we hypothesize that the improvement in apoB100 metabolism during n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation is contributed to by changes in sphingolipids
16
CHAN, Dick C., P. Hugh R. BARRETT, and Gerald F. WATTS. "Lipoprotein transport in the metabolic syndrome: methodological aspects of stable isotope kinetic studies." Clinical Science 107, no. 3 (August 24, 2004): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20040108.
Full textAbstract:
The metabolic syndrome encapsulates visceral obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Dyslipidaemia is a cardinal feature of the metabolic syndrome that accelerates the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is usually characterized by high plasma concentrations of triacylglycerol (triglyceride)-rich and apoB (apolipoprotein B)-containing lipoproteins, with depressed concentrations of HDL (high-density lipoprotein). However, lipoprotein metabolism is complex and abnormal plasma concentrations can result from alterations in the rates of production and/or catabolism of these lipoprotein particles. Our in vivo understanding of kinetic defects in lipoprotein metabolism in the metabolic syndrome has been achieved chiefly by ongoing developments in the use of stable isotope tracers and mathematical modelling. This review deals with the methodological aspects of stable isotope kinetic studies. The design of in vivo turnover studies requires considerations related to stable isotope tracer administration, duration of sampling protocol and interpretation of tracer data, all of which are critically dependent on the kinetic properties of the lipoproteins under investigation. Such models provide novel insight that further understanding of metabolic disorders and effects of treatments. Future investigations of the pathophysiology and therapy of the dyslipoproteinaemia of the metabolic syndrome will require the development of novel kinetic methodologies. Specifically, new stable isotope techniques are required for investigating in vivo the turnover of the HDL subpopulation of particles, as well as the cellular efflux of cholesterol into the extracellular space and its subsequent transport in plasma and metabolic fate in the liver.
17
Chen, Pei-Yi, Wan-Yun Gao, Je-Wen Liou, Ching-Yen Lin, Ming-Jiuan Wu, and Jui-Hung Yen. "Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) Modulates Lipoprotein Metabolism and Dyslipidemia." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147310.
Full textAbstract:
Dyslipidemia is characterized by increasing plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs) and TG-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) and is a major risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disorders (ASCVDs). It is important to understand the metabolic mechanisms underlying dyslipidemia to develop effective strategies against ASCVDs. Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3), a member of the angiopoietin-like protein family exclusively synthesized in the liver, has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of lipoprotein metabolism to inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Genetic, biochemical, and clinical studies in animals and humans have shown that loss of function, inactivation, or downregulated expression of ANGPTL3 is associated with an obvious reduction in plasma levels of TGs, LDL-C, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), atherosclerotic lesions, and the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, ANGPTL3 is considered an alternative target for lipid-lowering therapy. Emerging studies have focused on ANGPTL3 inhibition via antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and monoclonal antibody-based therapies, which have been carried out in mouse or monkey models and in human clinical studies for the management of dyslipidemia and ASCVDs. This review will summarize the current literature on the important role of ANGPTL3 in controlling lipoprotein metabolism and dyslipidemia, with an emphasis on anti-ANGPTL3 therapies as a potential strategy for the treatment of dyslipidemia and ASCVDs.
18
Tsikunov, Sergey G., Anna G. Pshenichnaya, Natalia N. Klyueva, Tatiana V. Vinogradova, and Aleksandr D. Denisenko. "Vital stress causes long-lasting behavioral disorders and lipid metabolism deviations in female rats." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2016): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf14432-41.
Full textAbstract:
Summary. Female rats after the vital stress caused by experience of the circumstances of the death of a partner from the actions of the predator showed long-lasting behavioral disturbances, such as decreased locomotor activity, exploratory activity, increased anxiety and aggression. Indicators of lipid metabolism of rats were altered in comparison with control at different time after exposure. These changes through two months later a single stress and right after second psychogenic trauma were characterized by reduced total cholesterol and cholesterol of high density lipoproteins in serum and increased triglycerides in the liver. The severity of behavioral disorders and deviations from the control values of indicators of lipid metabolism in female rats depended on the phases of the estrous cycle. The revealed deviations are discussed in terms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
19
Kochan, Zdzislaw, Natalia Szupryczynska, Sylwia Malgorzewicz, and Joanna Karbowska. "Dietary Lipids and Dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093138.
Full textAbstract:
The progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to altered lipid metabolism. CKD patients exhibit high blood triglyceride (TG) levels, reduced concentrations and functionality of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and elevated levels of atherogenic small, dense, low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL). Disorders of lipid metabolism and other metabolic disturbances place CKD patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Extensive evidence supports the cardioprotective effects of unsaturated fatty acids, including their beneficial effect on serum cholesterol and TG levels. Dietary lipids might therefore be especially important in the nutritional management of CKD. We review current dietary recommendations for fat intake by CKD patients and suggest potential nutritional interventions by emphasizing dietary lipids that might improve the blood lipid profile and reduce cardiovascular risk in CKD.
20
Correa, Cleiton Silva, Bruno Costa Teixeira, Aline Bittencourt, and Álvaro Reischak-Oliveira. "Effects of strength training on blood lipoprotein concentrations in postmenopausal women." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 13, no. 4 (December 2014): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.0083.
Full textAbstract:
Strength training is often identified as a contributing factor in prevention of diseases and as a non-pharmacological treatment for metabolic disorders and for control of body mass. Its protective effects and utility for management of disease are amplified in people at risk of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemias, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recently the benefits of strength training have been used to reduce the risk of these diseases emerging in postmenopausal women, who are at greater risk of CVD than men of the same age. Notwithstanding, little is known about the effects of strength training on metabolism of blood lipoproteins. The objective of this review was to compare the results of articles that have investigated the effects on lipoprotein concentrations of strength training in postmenopausal women. Current articles dealing with the subject, with publication dates from 1979 to 2012 and large numbers of citations by well-known researchers were identified on the Pubmed, Scopus and EBSCO databases. It was concluded that strength training possibly has an action that affects lipoprotein metabolism and concentrations in postmenopausal women.
21
Groß, Werner, and Winfried März. "Application of electrophoretic techniques to the diagnosis of disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. Examples at the levels of lipoproteins and apolipoproteins." Analytica Chimica Acta 383, no. 1-2 (March 1999): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00497-8.
Full text
22
Gutowska, Kinga, and Magdalena Lampka. "Atherogenesis in hypothyroid patients." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 52, no. 2 (September 12, 2016): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.3644.
Full textAbstract:
Hypothyroidism may lead to circulatory system impairment, which could appear as atherosclerotic lesions in blood vessels and ischemic heart disease. Thyroid hormones deficiency directly affects on heart and blood vessels functions, or they may promote metabolic changes, which affect atherosclerosis. Hypothyroidism influences in decreasing stroke volume and cardiac contractility, arterial media intima thickness, and arterial smooth muscles diastole disorders. Atherogenesis is characterized by lipoprotein metabolism disorders, which increase total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoprotein B–100 and triglycerides. High LDL levels during hypothyroidism may be the result of LDL receptors reduction. The lipid profile alterations could be the consequence of specific enzymes and proteins decreased activity: hepatic lipase, lipoprotein lipase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein, which maintain correct lipid metabolism. Hypothyroidism may contribute to oxidative LDL modifications, thus tyroxine has antioxidant effect on lipoproteins. Increased atherosclerosis risk in the course of hypothyroidism may be caused also by elevated lipoprotein (a) level. Atherogenesis is often associated with chronic inflammation, which leads to increased C-reactive protein level. Moreover, it may be connected with hyperhomocysteinemia, which is caused by decreasing activity of enzymes remethylating homocysteine, and by reducing renal clearance of homocysteine. Regarding to hemostatic system, patients suffering from hypothyroidism are characterized by impaired coagulation factors synthesis and by intensified fibrynolysis, which manifest as increased bleeding tendency. Atherogenesis in hypothyroid patients is a compound mechanism. The coexistence of lipid abnormalities, intensified inflammation, and hyperhomocysteinemia amplifies atherogenesis in the course of hypothyroidism. However changes, which are observed in hemostatic system may prevent escalating of atherosclerosis.
23
Lima, Valmir Jose de, Claudia Roberta de Andrade, Gustavo Enrico Ruschi, and Nelson Sass. "Serum lipid levels in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 129, no. 2 (March 2011): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802011000200004.
Full textAbstract:
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Pre-eclampsia is a disorder that occurs only during pregnancy. Postpartum changes relating to lipid metabolism may contribute towards the endothelial lesions observed in preeclampsia. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the lipid profile among patients who present preeclampsia and correlate these parameters with 24-hour proteinuria. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study including 77 pregnant patients seen at Hospital Dório Silva. METHODS: This study involved 42 women with preeclampsia and 35 healthy pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy as controls. Blood samples were obtained from all the patients, and the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were determined. Cases and controls were matched for maternal age, gestational week and body mass index. RESULTS: The VLDL and triglyceride values from the women with preeclampsia were significantly higher than those of the healthy women. There was a positive correlation between increased proteinuria and higher VLDL and triglyceride levels in patients with preeclampsia. CONCLUSION: Among the patients with preeclampsia, higher VLDL and triglyceride levels were positively correlated with proteinuria. These observations indicate that the pregnant women who presented elevated lipid levels were more susceptible to cardiovascular disorders and, consequently, pre-eclampsia.
24
Zaidi, Abdul Rehman Zia, Asma Sikander, Eissa Faqeih, Njoud Abdulrahman Alhowar, and Mohammed Abdullah AlSheef. "A serendipitous discovery: an adult case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy." Italian Journal of Medicine 14, no. 1 (March 19, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2020.1231.
Full textAbstract:
Congenital generalized lipodystrophies are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders characterized by loss of subcutaneous fat, muscular hypertrophy, acanthosis nigricans, hepatomegaly, cardiac arrhythmias, impaired metabolism, and mental retardation. We report a 41-year-old female that presented as a rare adult case of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1. She was referred to us as a case of hypertriglyceridemia with features of generalized lipodystrophy and manifestations of associated multiple metabolic disorders. Triglyceride level was tremendously high with reduced high-density lipoproteins. The patient was found to have a pathogenic novel mutation in the AGPAT2 gene, confirming the diagnosis of congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1.
25
Gong, Yue, and Wei Cun. "The Role of ApoE in HCV Infection and Comorbidity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 8 (April 25, 2019): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20082037.
Full textAbstract:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an RNA virus that can efficiently establish chronic infection in humans. The overlap between the HCV replication cycle and lipid metabolism is considered to be one of the primary means by which HCV efficiently develops chronic infections. In the blood, HCV is complex with lipoproteins to form heterogeneous lipo-viro-particles (LVPs). Furthermore, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which binds to receptors during lipoprotein transport and regulates lipid metabolism, is localized on the surface of LVPs. ApoE not only participate in the attachment and entry of HCV on the cell surface but also the assembly and release of HCV viral particles from cells. Moreover, in the blood, ApoE can also alter the infectivity of HCV and be used by HCV to escape recognition by the host immune system. In addition, because ApoE can also affect the antioxidant and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties of the host organism, the long-term binding and utilization of host ApoE during chronic HCV infection not only leads to liver lipid metabolic disorders but may also lead to increased morbidity and mortality associated with systemic comorbidities.
26
Lebedeva, E. N., A. A. Vyalkova, S. N. Afonina, and S. A. Chesnokova. "Dyslipidemia as a pathogenetic factor of the progression of the chronic kidney disease." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 23, no. 5 (August 8, 2019): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2019-23-5-56-64.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents current information on the pathogenetic role of lipid metabolism disorders and the value of lipotoxicity in renal pathology, contributing to the progression of nephropathy. The detected increase in cholesterol level, TAG, LDL, decrease in plasma HDL concentration in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by significant changes in the composition of various lipoproteins caused by changes in the expression and activity of key proteins and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, remodeling and catabolism of lipids and lipoproteins. It has been proven that dyslipidemia in CKD affects the morphological and functional state of the kidneys, contributing to the development of renal lipotoxicity processes, affecting the structural and functional state of the kidneys, initiating oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, vascular damage, and dysregulation. To date, research on the significance of dyslipidemia as a pathogenetic factor in the formation of chronic kidney disease remains insufficiently studied. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism, leading to dyslipidemia, is often an undervalued complication of CKD.
27
Petrik, G. G., and S. A. Pavlishchuk. "Parametry metabolizma i gemostazapri endogennom giperkortitsizme s narusheniemuglevodnogo obmena." Obesity and metabolism 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-4833.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the study was to determine peculiarities of protein and lipid metabolism as well as platelet-coagulation hemostasis depending on the pathogenesis of the endogenous hypercortisolism and assessment of the impact of chronic hyperglycemia on studied parameters. Materials and methods. The study included 19 patients with pituitary microadenomas with median age of 45,0 (41; 49) years and 9 patients with nodular adrenal gland hyperplasia aged 49,5 (42; 57) years, 14 of whom had diabetes mellitus. Results. Biochemical and coagulation parameters in patients with endogenous hyperpercortisolism regardless of ethiology Cushing`s syndrome differed from the control group in increased concentration of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, alpha2-globulins and decreased gamma globulins, as well as in increased average volume of platelets and enhanced aggregation properties. Carbohydrate metabolism disorders were not characterized by significant differences in metabolic parameters and platelet hemostasis, but were accompanied by the reduction of APTT.
28
Stroyev, Ye A., E. P. Kasatkina, N. V. Dmitriyeva, and A. Yu Filimonova. "Lipid metabolism and hormonal status in patients with type I diabetes mellitus combined with subclinical hypothyroidism." Problems of Endocrinology 42, no. 4 (August 15, 1996): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12064.
Full textAbstract:
Lipid metabolism and thyroid hormonal status were examined in diabetics with type 1 condition, subclinical hypothyroidism, and a combination of both. Lipid spectrum of the blood was assessed: total cholesterol, b-lipoproteins, triglycerides, a-cholesterol, total lipids, atherogenicity index, as well as the pituitary thyrotropic hormone, triiodothyronine, and thyroxin. Hyperlipoproteinemia was detected, which was particularly typical of atherogenic lipids in not only adult patients with type I diabetes, but in children as well, paralleled by an increase of the blood level of the pituitary thyrotropic hormone possessing a lipolytic activity. Atherogenic disorders in the lipid spectrum of children with subclinical hypothyroidism presenting as dyslipoproteinemia are considered to anticipate hyperlipoproteinemia in adult patients. A subclinical hypofunction of the thyroid is conducive to disorders of lipid metabolism when combined with type I diabetes and to boosting the atherosclerotic involvement of the vessels in children.
29
Bedzai, A., T. Solomenchuk, and O. Kolinkovsky. "Features of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism, Lipid Transport System and Systemic Inflammation in Almost Healthy Women Depending on the Habit of Smoking." Lviv clinical bulletin 3, no. 31 (October 17, 2020): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25040/lkv2020.03.019.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Smoking is one of the most aggressive risk factors for acute coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in women. The number of women smokers in Ukraine has tripled in the last 30 years. Women smokers, even with heavy smoking, are 7 times more likely to suffer from corticosteroids. The issues of the peculiarities of lipid metabolism disorders, lipid transport system and systemic inflammation in practically healthy women, depending on the smoking habit, have not been studied enough, and therefore are the aim of our study. The aim of the study. To find out the features of disorders of lipid metabolism, lipid transport system and systemic inflammation in almost healthy women, depending on the habit of smoking. Materials and methods. 75 women were involved to the study. Depending smoking habit, all subjects were divided into two groups: almost healthy women smokers (n = 45, mean age 52.78 ± 2.52 years) – experimental group (EG), almost healthy women non-smokers (n = 30, mean age 54.81 ± 3.21 years) – comparison group. To determine the peculiarities of the state of lipid metabolism, the state of the lipid transport system, the activity of systemic inflammation, all subjects were determined indicators of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), apolipoproteins A1 (ApoA1), apolipoproteins B (ApoB), calculated the ratio of ApoB / ApoA1, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen (FB). Results. It was found that the content in the serum of cholesterol in almost half (48.89 %) of women with a habit of smoking, was greater than 4.50 mmol/l. The mean rate of total cholesterol among these individuals was 5.84 ± 0.05 mmol/l, which was significantly higher than in the cohort of comparison group women with total cholesterol more than 4.50 mmol/l who did not have a smoking habit. Similar trends were observed in the case of comparing the proportions of individuals with LDL cholesterol more than 3.00 mmol/l. In particular, this excess was registered in 31.11 % in women with smoking habit, which is significantly (1.33 times) higher than in women with the comparison group (23.33 %). In contrast, the proportion of surveyed women with a reduced less than 0.96 g/l ApoA1 in women with smoking habit was significantly 1.62 times higher than in the women from the comparison group (37.78 % vs. 23.33 %, p less than 0.05). Also, among these individuals, the average ApoA1 was lower in smokers than among non-smokers (0.91 ± 0.04 g/l vs. 0.96 ± 0.03 g/l, p less than 0.05). The calculation of the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio showed a higher intensity of proatherogenic shift of the lipid spectrum in smokers. Female smokers percentage of persons with a CRP greater than 3.00 mg/ml was 13.34 %, which is twice as much (p less than 0.05) than in the group of non-smokers, in which there were 6 such persons, 6.67 %. Conclusions. Disorders of lipid metabolism, lipid transport system and systemic inflammation in women depending on the habit of smoking have their own characteristics – in women smokers, these disorders are significantly more severe than in women without smoking, and are atherogenic, namely: significantly higher levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B transport proteins, apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A1 transport protein ratios, mean values of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen, and lower levels of high-protein lipoprotein A1 protein and high protein lipoproteins.
30
Luo, Nanlan, Xiangdong Wang, B. Hong Chung, Mi-Hye Lee, Richard L. Klein, W. Timothy Garvey, and Yuchang Fu. "Effects of macrophage-specific adiponectin expression on lipid metabolism in vivo." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 301, no. 1 (July 2011): E180—E186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00614.2010.
Full textAbstract:
Epidemiological studies have associated low circulating levels of the adipokine adiponectin with multiple metabolic disorders, including metabolic syndrome, obesity, insulin resistance, type II diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, we reported that adiponectin selectively overexpressed in mouse macrophages can improve insulin sensitivity and protect against inflammation and atherosclerosis. To further investigate the role of adiponectin and macrophages on lipid and lipometabolism in vivo, we engineered the expression of adiponectin in mouse macrophages (Ad-TG mice) and examined effects on plasma lipoproteins and on the expression levels of genes involved in lipoprotein metabolism in tissues. Compared with the wild-type (WT) mice, Ad-TG mice exhibited significantly lower levels of plasma total cholesterol (−21%, P < 0.05) due to significantly decreased LDL (−34%, P < 0.05) and VLDL (−32%, P < 0.05) cholesterol concentrations together with a significant increase in HDL cholesterol (+41%, P < 0.05). Further studies investigating potential mechanisms responsible for the change in lipoprotein cholesterol profile revealed that adiponectin-producing macrophages altered expression of key genes in liver tissue, including apoA1, apoB, apoE, the LDL receptor, ( P < 0.05), and ATP-binding cassette G1 ( P < 0.01). In addition, Ad-TG mice also exhibited higher total and high-molecular-weight adipnection levels in plasma and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 as well as a decrease in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in adipose tissue. These results indicate that macrophages engineered to produce adiponectin can influence in vivo gene expression in adipose tissue in a manner that reduces inflammation and macrophage infiltration and in liver tissue in a manner that alters the circulating lipoprotein profile, resulting in a decrease in VLDL and LDL and an increase in HDL cholesterol. The data support further study addressing the use of genetically manipulated macrophages as a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of cardiometabolic disease.
31
Musambil, Mohthash, Khalid Al-Rubeaan, Sara Al-Qasim, Dhekra Al Naqeb, and Abdulrahman Al-Soghayer. "Primary Hypertriglyceridemia: A Look Back on the Clinical Classification and Genetics of the Disease." Current Diabetes Reviews 16, no. 6 (June 14, 2020): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573399815666190502164131.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the most common metabolic disorders leading to pancreatitis and cardiovascular disease. HTG develops mostly due to impaired metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Although monogenic types of HTG exist, most reported cases are polygenic in nature. Aim: This review article is focused on the classification of Primary HTG and the genetic factors behind its development with the aim of providing clinicians a useful tool for early detection of the disease in order to administer proper and effective treatment. Discussion: HTG is often characterized by a complex phenotype resulting from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In many instances, the complexity, perplexing causes, and classification of HTG make it difficult for clinicians to properly diagnose and manage the disorder. Better availability of information on its pathophysiology, genetic factors involved, environmental causes, and their interactions could help in understanding such complex disorders and could support its effective diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: The current review has summarized the case definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, classification, associated genetic factors, and scope of genetic screening in the diagnosis of primary HTG.
32
Handelsman, Yehuda, Paul S. Jellinger, Chris K. Guerin, Zachary T. Bloomgarden, Eliot A. Brinton, Matthew J. Budoff, Michael H. Davidson, et al. "CONSENSUS STATEMENT BY THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY ON THE MANAGEMENT OF DYSLIPIDEMIA AND PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE ALGORITHM – 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY." Endocrine Practice 26, no. 10 (October 2020): 1196–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/cs-2020-0490.
Full textAbstract:
The treatment of lipid disorders begins with lifestyle therapy to improve nutrition, physical activity, weight, and other factors that affect lipids. Secondary causes of lipid disorders should be addressed, and pharmacologic therapy initiated based on a patient’s risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Patients at extreme ASCVD risk should be treated with high-intensity statin therapy to achieve a goal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of <55 mg/dL, and those at very high ASCVD risk should be treated to achieve LDL-C <70 mg/dL. Treatment for moderate and high ASCVD risk patients may begin with a moderate-intensity statin to achieve an LDL-C <100 mg/dL, while the LDL-C goal is <130 mg/dL for those at low risk. In all cases, treatment should be intensified, including the addition of other LDL-C-lowering agents (i.e., proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, ezetimibe, colesevelam, or bempedoic acid) as needed to achieve treatment goals. When targeting triglyceride levels, the desirable goal is <150 mg/dL. Statin therapy should be combined with a fibrate, prescription-grade omega-3 fatty acid, and/or niacin to reduce triglycerides in all patients with triglycerides ≥500 mg/dL, and icosapent ethyl should be added to a statin in any patient with established ASCVD or diabetes with ≥2 ASCVD risk factors and triglycerides between 135 and 499 mg/dL to prevent ASCVD events. Management of additional risk factors such as elevated lipoprotein(a) and statin intolerance is also described. Abbreviations: AACE = American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists; ACE = American College of Endocrinology; ACS = acute coronary syndrome; apo B = apolipoprotein B; ASCVD = atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BA = bempedoic acid; CAC = coronary artery calcium; CHD = coronary heart disease; CK = creatine kinase; CKD = chronic kidney disease; DHA = docosahexaenoic acid; EPA = eicosapentaenoic acid; FCS = familial chylomicronemia syndrome; FDA = United States Food and Drug Administration; FOURIER = Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk; HDL-C = high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HeFH = heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; HoFH = homozygous familial hyper-cholesterolemia; hsCRP = high-sensitivity C reactive protein; IDL = intermediate-density lipoproteins; IMPROVE-IT = Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial; IPE = icosapent ethyl; LDL-C = low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a) = lipoprotein a; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; MI = myocardial infarction; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; PCSK9 = proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9; REDUCE-IT = Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with EPA-Intervention Trial; UKPDS = United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study; U.S. = United States; VLDL = very-low-density lipoproteins
33
McGrowder, Donovan, Cliff Riley, Errol Y. St A. Morrison, and Lorenzo Gordon. "The Role of High-Density Lipoproteins in Reducing the Risk of Vascular Diseases, Neurogenerative Disorders, and Cancer." Cholesterol 2011 (December 23, 2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/496925.
Full textAbstract:
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the major carriers of cholesterol in the blood. It attracts particular attention because, in contrast with other lipoproteins, as many physiological functions of HDL influence the cardiovascular system in favourable ways unless HDL is modified pathologically. The functions of HDL that have recently attracted attention include anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. High anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of HDL are associated with protection from cardiovascular disease. Atheroprotective activities, as well as a functional deficiency of HDL, ultimately depend on the protein and lipid composition of HDL. Further, numerous epidemiological studies have shown a protective association between HDL-cholesterol and cognitive impairment. Oxidative stress, including lipid peroxidation, has been shown to be the mediator of the pathologic effects of numerous risk factors of Alzheimer's disease. Lifestyle interventions proven to increase HDL- cholesterol levels including “healthy” diet, regular exercise, weight control, and smoking cessation have also been shown to provide neuro-protective effects. This review will focus on current knowledge of the beneficial effects of HDL-cholesterol as it relates to cardiovascular diseases, breast and lung cancers, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, as well as its neuroprotective potential in reducing the risk of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
34
Thoman, Maxton E., and Susan C. McKarns. "Metabolomic Profiling in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Biomarker Discovery." Metabolites 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo10090374.
Full textAbstract:
There is no specific test for diagnosing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Instead, diagnosis relies on ruling out other related disorders with overlapping clinical symptoms. An urgency for NMOSD biomarker discovery is underscored by adverse responses to treatment following misdiagnosis and poor prognosis following the delayed onset of treatment. Pathogenic autoantibiotics that target the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) contribute to NMOSD pathology. The importance of early diagnosis between AQP4-Ab+ NMOSD, MOG-Ab+ NMOSD, AQP4-Ab− MOG-Ab− NMOSD, and related disorders cannot be overemphasized. Here, we provide a comprehensive data collection and analysis of the currently known metabolomic perturbations and related proteomic outcomes of NMOSD. We highlight short chain fatty acids, lipoproteins, amino acids, and lactate as candidate diagnostic biomarkers. Although the application of metabolomic profiling to individual NMOSD patient care shows promise, more research is needed.
35
Dashty, Monireh, Mohammad Motazacker, Johannes Levels, Marcel de Vries, Morteza Mahmoudi, Maikel Peppelenbosch, and Farhad Rezaee. "Proteome of human plasma very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein exhibits a link with coagulation and lipid metabolism." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 111, no. 03 (2014): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th13-02-0178.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryApart from transporting lipids through the body, the human plasma lipoproteins very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are also thought to serve as a modality for intra-organismal protein transfer, shipping proteins with important roles in inflammation and thrombosis from the site of synthesis to effector locations. To better understand the role of VLDL and LDL in the transport of proteins, we applied a combination of LTQ ORBITRAP-XL (nLC-MS/MS) with both in-SDS-PAGE gel and in-solution tryptic digestion of pure and defined VLDL and LDL fractions. We identified the presence of 95 VLDL-and 51 LDL-associated proteins including all known apolipoproteins and lipid transport proteins, and intriguingly a set of coagulation proteins, complement system and anti-microbial proteins. Prothrombin, protein S, fibrinogen γ, PLTP, CETP, CD14 and LBP were present on VLDL but not on LDL. Prenylcysteine oxidase 1, dermcidin, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, TFPI-1 and fibrinogen α chain were associated with both VLDL and LDL. Apo A-V is only present on VLDL and not on LDL. Collectively, this study provides a wealth of knowledge on the protein constituents of the human plasma lipoprotein system and strongly supports the notion that protein shuttling through this system is involved in the regulation of biological processes. Human diseases related to proteins carried by VLDL and LDL can be divided in three major categories: 1 – dyslipidaemia, 2 – atherosclerosis and vascular disease, and 3 – coagulation disorders.
36
Steiner, Carine, Adriaan G. Holleboom, Ratna Karuna, Mohammad M. Motazacker, Jan Albert Kuivenhoven, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen, Lucia Rohrer, Katharina M. Rentsch, and Arnold von Eckardstein. "Lipoprotein distribution and serum concentrations of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and bile acids: effects of monogenic disturbances in high-density lipoprotein metabolism." Clinical Science 122, no. 8 (December 14, 2011): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20110482.
Full textAbstract:
BA (bile acid) formation is considered an important final step in RCT (reverse cholesterol transport). HDL (high-density lipoprotein) has been reported to transport BAs. We therefore investigated the effects of monogenic disturbances in human HDL metabolism on serum concentrations and lipoprotein distributions of the major 15 BA species and their precursor C4 (7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one). In normolipidaemic plasma, approximately 84%, 11% and 5% of BAs were recovered in the LPDS (lipoprotein-depleted serum), HDL and the combined LDL (low-density lipoprotein)/VLDL (very-low-density lipoproteins) fraction respectively. Conjugated BAs were slightly over-represented in HDL. For C4, the respective percentages were 23%, 21% and 56% (41% in LDL and 15% in VLDL) respectively. Compared with unaffected family members, neither HDL-C (HDL-cholesterol)-decreasing mutations in the genes APOA1 [encoding ApoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I], ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) or LCAT (lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase) nor HDL-C-increasing mutations in the genes CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) or LIPC (hepatic lipase) were associated with significantly different serum concentrations of BA and C4. Plasma concentrations of conjugated and secondary BAs differed between heterozygous carriers of SCARB1 (scavenger receptor class B1) mutations and unaffected individuals (P<0.05), but this difference was not significant after correction for multiple testing. Moreover, no differences in the lipoprotein distribution of BAs in the LPDS and HDL fractions from SCARB1 heterozygotes were observed. In conclusion, despite significant recoveries of BAs and C4 in HDL and despite the metabolic relationships between RCT and BA formation, monogenic disorders of HDL metabolism do not lead to altered serum concentrations of BAs and C4.
37
Barbarash, O. L., N. V. Fedorova, D. Yu Sedykh, O. V. Gruzdeva, O. N. Khryachkova, V. V. Kashtalap, and A. A. Filimonova. "PCSK9 inhibitors for in-hospital treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome and severe lipid metabolism disorders." Russian Journal of Cardiology 25, no. 8 (September 14, 2020): 4010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2020-4010.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To assess the efficacy and safety of PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab as part of a combination lipid-lowering therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. This prospective, open-label, single-center activetreatment study included 13 patients hospitalized due to ACS. The main inclusion criterion was nonachievement of target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values (<1,4 mmol/L) with high-intensity statin therapy prior to ACS. During the first 30 days after ACS, all patients received therapy with atorvastatin 40-80 mg/day or rosuvastatin 20-40 mg/day in combination with alirocumab 150 mg/ml (Praluent) administered by subcutaneous injection. Lipid and biochemical profiles were monitored. The first injection of the PCSK9 inhibitor was performed on days 3-5 of hospitalization, the second — after 2 weeks.Results. On admission, the median LDL-C was 4,3 [3,5;5,3] mmol/L. A day after administration, there was a decrease in LDL-C by 41,9% (median 2,5 [1,8;3,2] mmol/L; p=0,001) without a negative effect on high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C) (median 1,2 [0,8;1,4] mmol/L; p=0,270). Before the next injection, LDL-C decreased by another 8% (median 2,3 [1,1;4,1] mmol/L). A day after the second injection, a decrease in LDL-C from the baseline values was 69,8% (median 1,3 [0,7;1,5] mmol/L; p=0,010). Strengthening lipid-lowering therapy with a PCSK9 inhibitor within 30 days after ACS did not lead to clinical and biochemical deterioration.Conclusion. The use of subcutaneous 150-mg injections of alirocumab 2 times a week 30 days after ACS in patients who did not reach target LDL-C values with statin therapy, leads to a 69% decrease in LDL-C from baseline values and is safe.
38
Wang, Hong, and Robert H. Eckel. "Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to obesity." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 297, no. 2 (August 2009): E271—E288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90920.2008.
Full textAbstract:
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a multifunctional enzyme produced by many tissues, including adipose tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle, islets, and macrophages. LPL is the rate-limiting enzyme for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride (TG) core of circulating TG-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). LPL-catalyzed reaction products, fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol are in part taken up by the tissues locally and processed differentially; e.g., they are stored as neutral lipids in adipose tissue, oxidized, or stored in skeletal and cardiac muscle or as cholesteryl ester and TG in macrophages. LPL is regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels in a tissue-specific manner. Nutrient states and hormonal levels all have divergent effects on the regulation of LPL, and a variety of proteins that interact with LPL to regulate its tissue-specific activity have also been identified. To examine this divergent regulation further, transgenic and knockout murine models of tissue-specific LPL expression have been developed. Mice with overexpression of LPL in skeletal muscle accumulate TG in muscle, develop insulin resistance, are protected from excessive weight gain, and increase their metabolic rate in the cold. Mice with LPL deletion in skeletal muscle have reduced TG accumulation and increased insulin action on glucose transport in muscle. Ultimately, this leads to increased lipid partitioning to other tissues, insulin resistance, and obesity. Mice with LPL deletion in the heart develop hypertriglyceridemia and cardiac dysfunction. The fact that the heart depends increasingly on glucose implies that free fatty acids are not a sufficient fuel for optimal cardiac function. Overall, LPL is a fascinating enzyme that contributes in a pronounced way to normal lipoprotein metabolism, tissue-specific substrate delivery and utilization, and the many aspects of obesity and other metabolic disorders that relate to energy balance, insulin action, and body weight regulation.
39
Hero, Matti, Carina Ankarberg-Lindgren, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, and Leo Dunkel. "Blockade of oestrogen biosynthesis in peripubertal boys: effects on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and body composition." European Journal of Endocrinology 155, no. 3 (September 2006): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.1.02226.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: In males, the pubertal increase in sex hormone production has been associated with proatherogenic changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Aromatase inhibitors, a novel treatment modality for some growth disorders, may significantly influence these risk factors for cardiovascular disease by suppressing oestrogen biosynthesis and stimulating gonadal androgen production. In the current study, we explored the effects of aromatase inhibition on lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, body composition and serum adiponectin in peripubertal boys. Design: Prospective, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical study. Methods: Thirty-one boys, aged 9.0–14.5 years, with idiopathic short stature were treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (2.5 mg/day) or placebo for 2 years. During the treatment, the concentrations of sex hormones, IGF-I, lipids, lipoproteins and adiponectin were followed-up. The percentage of fat mass (FM) was assessed by skinfold measurements and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. Results: In pubertal boys, who received letrozole, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased by 0.47 mmol/l (P<0.01) during the study. Simultaneously, their percentage of FM decreased from 17.0 to 10.5 (P<0.001), in an inverse relationship with serum testosterone. The concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and HOMA index remained at pretreatment level in both groups. Serum adiponectin decreased similarly in letrozole- and placebo-treated pubertal boys (2.9 and 3.3 mg/l respectively). Conclusions: In males, aromatase inhibition reduces HDL-C and decreases relative FM after the start of puberty. The treatment does not adversely affect insulin sensitivity in lean subjects.
40
Mikaelyan, Nina P., and V. V. Potemkin. "THE METABOLIC DISORDERS IN MEMBRANE OF ERYTHROCYTES AND INSULIN-BINDING ACTIVITY OF BLOOD CELLS IN PATIENTS UNDER OBESITY AND DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 23, no. 4 (August 15, 2017): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2017-23-4-201-204.
Full textAbstract:
The results of clinical metabolic examination of women with diabetes mellitus type II and patients with obesity degree III-IV testify increasing of level of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins and also coefficient of atherogenity in comparison with control group. These alterations permit to affirm that diabetes mellitus type II in women also as obesity is accompanied by dislipidemia of atherogenic character. At that, in patients with diabetes mellitus type II more intensive alterations of quantitative composition of lipids, including fat acid composition of blood is established. The obesity and diabetes mellitus type II are accompanied by modification of composition of free and esterified fatty acids of blood erythrocytes, increasing of peroxidation of lipids that can result in alteration of functional activity of membranes and in damage of insulin-binding activity of cyto-membranes. The disorder of metabolism of fatty acids accompanied by increasing of concentration of free radicals and decreasing of activity of enzymes of anti-oxidant defense results in decreasing of insulin-binding activity of cells and disorder of processes of glucose utilization.
41
Jahangir, Zainab, Ahmed Bakillah, and Jahangir Iqbal. "Regulation of Sphingolipid Metabolism by MicroRNAs: A Potential Approach to Alleviate Atherosclerosis." Diseases 6, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases6030082.
Full textAbstract:
The rapidly expanding field of bioactive lipids is exemplified by the many sphingolipids, which are structurally and functionally diverse molecules with significant physiologic functions. These sphingolipids are main constituents of cellular membranes and have been found associated with plasma lipoproteins, and their concentrations are altered in several metabolic disorders such as atherosclerosis, obesity, and diabetes. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate their biosynthesis and secretion may provide novel information that might be amenable to therapeutic targeting in the treatment of these diseases. Several sphingolipid synthesis genes have been targeted as potential therapeutics for atherosclerosis. In recent years, significant progress has been made in studying the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in lipid metabolism. However, little effort has been made to investigate their role in sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingolipid biosynthetic pathways involve various enzymes that lead to the formation of several key molecules implicated in atherosclerosis, and the identification of miRNAs that regulate these enzymes could help us to understand these complex pathways better and may prove beneficial in alleviating atherosclerosis.
42
Shpagina, L. A., Olesya N. Gerasimenko, N. A. Sukhaterina, and I. S. Shpagin. "The approaches to early diagnostic and correction of nutritive disorders under arterial hypertension combined with chronic obstructive lungs disease." Medical Journal of the Russian Federation 22, no. 4 (August 15, 2016): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2106-2016-22-4-180-184.
Full textAbstract:
The complex evaluation of food status of patients with arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive disease of lungs was implemented. The patients with combination of arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive disease of lungs are characterized by expressed anomalies of body composition (visceral obesity, surplus of total and extracellular fluid, protein-energy deficiency), dyslipidemia (increasing of level of cholesterol of low density lipoproteins, index of atherogenicity and hypertriglycer-inemia), disorders of protein metabolism (decreasing of total protein and pre-albumin) and adipocytokine status (increasing of concentration of leptin and resistin of blood against the background of decreasing of content of adiponeсtin). The mentioned alterations can promote increasing of cardiovascular risk in patients of this phenotype. The patients received protein formula for enteric nutrition during 21 day in combination with standard therapy. Whereupon, the indices of food status were re-evaluated. In dynamics, amelioration of indices of protein and fat metabolism was established. Hence, it appropriates to prescribe to patients with combination of arterial hypertension and chronic obstructive disease of lungs nutritive support with higher protein products for enteric nutrition.
43
Titov, V. N., and M. Yu Karganov. "INSULIN RESISTANCE IS AN ALIMENTARY DEFICIENCY OF ENERGY SUBSTRATES (GLUCOSE) IN THE BIOLOGICAL REACTION OF EXOTROPHY AND APHYSIOLOGY COMPENSATION BY FATTY ACIDS VIA THE BIOLOGICAL REACTION OF ENDOTHROPHY." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, no. 6 (October 7, 2019): 324–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-6-324-332.
Full textAbstract:
The deficiency of energy substrates in the biological function of trophology and biological reaction of exotrophy is formed by two factors. Excess of meat in the diet leads to high content of palmitic fatty acid (FA) in hepatocytes and formation of palmitic triglycerides (TG). Post heparin lipoprotein lipase slowly hydrolyzes palmitic TG in blood plasma lipoproteins and releases small amounts of FA. If dietary carbohydrate content is low, the biological function of exotrophy does not provide the substrate from which hepatocytes can rapidly produce oleic nonesterified FA de novo. Energy substrate deficiency activates the biological function of adaptation and the biological reaction of compensation. Under the effect of epinephrin NEFA deficiency is compensated via the biological reaction of endotrophy and lipolysis in omental visceral fat cells. In insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, the biological function of feeding is realized nonphysiologically while the biological reaction of adaptation is realized physiologically. An increase in NEFA blood content physiologically blocks glucose uptake in cells. Biological role of insulin consists in conversion of distant ocean-living carnivorous (fish-eating) ancestors of Homo sapiens with palmitic type of FA metabolism into herbivorous dry land-living species with oleic type metabolism of FA. The IR syndrome can be normalized. To this end a) the patient’s will to activate the cognitive biological function (intellect) and b) comprehension of the fact that phylogenetically dry land-living Homo sapiens has developed as a herbivorous but not carnivorous species. Concerning death rate, cardiovascular pathologies are dominating in populations of many countries, while feeding function disorders prevail in frequency. These disorders form the pathophysiological basis for all metabolic pandemias: 1) atherosclerosis and atheromatosis, 2) essential arterial hypertension, 3) metabolic syndrome, 4) obesity, 5) insulin resistance syndrome, 6) nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and 7) endogenous hyperuricemia. Persistent potential deficiency of energy for realization of all biological reactions and functions is the major metabolic disorders in diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance is a pathology associated primarily with FA and secondarily with glucose.
44
Sergienko, V. B., A. A. Ansheles, I. V. Sergienko, and S. A. Boytsov. "Relationship of obesity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and myocardial perfusion in patients with risk factors and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases." Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention 20, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 2734. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2734.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. In the retrospective study, to identify the relationship between body mass index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and myocardial perfusion in patients without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.Material and methods. The study included 534 patients with cardiovascular risk factors but without established coronary artery disease, diabetes, myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization. In 76 of them, stress/rest myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed.Results. The relationship between BMI and LDL-C levels is described by a quadratic (r2=0,21, p<0,001) function or a linear spline kinked in BMI of 27 kg/m2 (r=0,51, -0,46 — before and after this value, respectively; p<0,001). According to SPECT, focal stable and transient left ventricular myocardial perfusion abnormalities were not detected. However, there was a direct linear correlation between the heterogeneity of rest myocardial perfusion (ohet) and BMI (r=0,43, p<0,001), ohet and waist circumference (r=0,40, p<0,001), as well as between ohet and LDL-C (r=0,44, p<0,001).Conclusion. The relationship between BMI and LDL-C levels can be explained by endocrine dysfunction of adipose tissue, which disturbs the synthesis and metabolism of atherogenic lipoproteins. Obesity and increased LDL-C levels affect myocardial perfusion both by aggravating coronary atherogenesis and by microcirculatory disorders. Rest myocardial perfusion SPECT can be a method of screening for myocardial disorders caused by both diffuse atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome.
45
Hatahet, Wael, Fahad Aldawood, Julius Ngwa, and Thomas Fungwe. "Stimulation of Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase Activity Improves Glucose Metabolism and Increases High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in the Spontane." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 3, no. 3 (November 3, 2015): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.3.3.01.
Full textAbstract:
Insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), high blood pressure, elevated blood glucose and triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins (TG-RL), as well as low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) are disorders that combine to define metabolic syndrome (MetS). Metabolic syndrome is on the rise in the United States and is believed to be a powerful predictor of risk for diabetes and coronary events. Modulation of the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in MetS affects lipolysis of TG-RL, which has a direct correlation with the levels of plasma HDL-C. This study examined if increasing LPL activity by dietary means in a model for MetS leads to reduced IRS and increase in plasma HDL-C concentration. Ninety day-old Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke-Prone male rats were originally fed lab chow diet for seven days. This was followed by feeding a fatty acid diet for 7 days containing one of the following: triolein (TO), trans fatty acids-rich (TFA, margarine) and 0 fatty acids (Control) with /without an LPL-rising drug (NO-1866) by gavages (5 mg or 25 mg/kg b. wt.). The results show that blood glucose and triacylglycerol levels were decreased with NO-1886. HDL-C levels increased with NO-1866 in the control and triolein group but not in the TFA group. Animals in the triolein group had higher levels of phospholipids and lower levels of insulin. Inclusion of NO-1866 lowered HOMA-IR by almost 40% in the control and the TFA group, but no further reduction was observed in the TO group. The control TFA groups had up to 45% higher HOMA-IR than the TO group. Overall the data suggest that raising the activity of lipoprotein lipase by dietary means, including the feeding of monounsaturated fat may increase HDL-C, reduce plasma triacylglycerol and other indices of MetS risk, and thus may decrease the incidence of vascular complications through the normalization of lipid metabolism in subjects with MetS.
46
Maisuradze, A. O., and I. V. Chubuk. "Changes in lipid metabolism in the pre- and postoperative periods in obese patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy." EMERGENCY MEDICINE 17, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2224-0586.17.1.2021.225722.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Changes in lipid metabolism indicators in the pre- and postoperative periods are due to frequent metabolic disorders in obese people and particular difficulties with the selection of appropriate therapy. In turn, the cause for metabolic changes in the body is the influence of a certain extreme situation — surgical intervention. Objective: to study the changes in lipid metabolism in the pre- and postoperative periods in obese patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Materials and methods. The study involved 50 individuals (mean age — 47.0 ± 1.5 years), who underwent surgery for acute cholecystitis by laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1 — obese, 2 — non-obese. The level of triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) was assessed in all patients and compared in the preoperative period and on days 1 and 5 after surgery. Results. The parameters of lipid metabolism in the pre- and postoperative periods in all groups had permissible fluctuations, given the fact that in obese patients lipids were initially increased compared to patients without obesity. In the postoperative period in group 1 on the first day, there was a decrease in triglycerides (1.1 ± 0.6 mmol/L) from the baseline, in total cholesterol (4.5 ± 0.3 mmol/L), an increase in HDL cholesterol (1.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L), a decrease in LDL (2.9 ± 0.2 mmol/L) and VLDL (1.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L). In group 2, indicators of triglycerides (0.6 ± 0.2 mmol/L), total cholesterol (3.4 ± 0.1 mmol/L), LDL (1.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L) and VLDL (0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L) also tended to decrease and there was an increase in HDL (1.6 ± 0.1 mmol/L), but these values, regardless of their variation, were within the normal range. In group 1, three patients showed cognitive impairment, which was due to a significant increase in LDL over HDL and the possible development of atherosclerosis, which could lead to cerebrovascular accident. Conclusions. After conducting a study between two groups in which the lipids were studied, a variation in parameters was revealed in both groups, which is due to the characteristics of metabolism in such patients and the influence of surgical stress. Based on this, control and regulation of lipid values should be carried out in all patients with dyslipidemia, and in obese patients, additional consideration should be given to risk factors, concomitant diseases and possible complications.
47
Khayra Mebarek, Meryem Bensalah, Samira Bouanane, Fatima Zohra Baba Ahmed, Nesrine Samira Karaouzene, and Hafida Merzouk. "Effects of dietary fiber on glycemia and lipid profile in aging diabetic rats." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 11, no. 4 (August 9, 2021): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.11(4).p362-368.
Full textAbstract:
Dietary fiber is a group of food components which is the subject of many studies on several aspects of human health. Recent research demonstrate that dietary fiber intake is associated with reduced diabetes risk. The aim of the present work was to test the effect of dietary fiber such as cellulose and mucilage on disorders of lipid metabolism induced by experimental diabetes in the aged Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Aging male Wistar rats diabetic and control rats were fed highly-pure-cellulose-mucilage-enriched (HPCME) diet or control diet for 2 months. At the end of study, blood samples and tissue are collected for de-termination of biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglycer-ides and lipoproteins) and lipases activities. 2 months of HPCME diet intake by diabetic aged rats improves diabetic control, induced a decrease of body weight, a reduction of plasma lipid concentration, lower blood-glucose and a significant decrease in expression of pathway lipolytic enzyme activities va-lues witch decrease the prevalence of the specific disorders of diabetes. This study suggests that dietary fiber (HPCME), has an important physiological effect on glucose and lipid metabolism during aging which reduces the risk of developing complications of diabetes.
48
Pécheur, Eve-Isabelle. "Lipoprotein Receptors and Lipid Enzymes in Hepatitis C Virus Entry and Early Steps of Infection." Scientifica 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6064/2012/709853.
Full textAbstract:
Viruses are obligate intracellular agents that depend on host cells for successful propagation, hijacking cellular machineries to their own profit. The molecular interplay between host factors and invading viruses is a continuous coevolutionary process that determines viral host range and pathogenesis. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a strictly human pathogen, causing chronic liver injuries accompanied by lipid disorders. Upon infection, in addition to protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions usual for such a positive-strand RNA virus, HCV relies on protein-lipid interactions at multiple steps of its life cycle to establish persistent infection, making use of hepatic lipid pathways. This paper focuses on lipoproteins in HCV entry and on receptors and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism that HCV exploits to enter hepatocytes.
49
Horda, I. I., and S. V. Vozianova. "EFFECT OF DYSLIPIDAEMIA AND INSULIN RESISTANCE ON THE COURSE OF ALOPECIA AREATA ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME." Dermatology and Venerology, no. 1 (2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33743/2308-1066-2021-1-18-22.
Full textAbstract:
Alopecia areata (AA) is a tissue-specific disease of the hair follicles, manifested by foci of alopecia on a scalp and other areas of skin. The objective of our study was to evaluate the values of blood lipids and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with АА associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) to determine the relationship between disease severity and metabolic disorders. Materials and methods. Clinical and anamnestic characteristics and laboratory values of lipid spectrum and carbohydrate metabolism were analysed in 50 patients with AA associated with MS. Results. As a result of the study, the following regularities have been established: values of blood lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins) and carbohydrate metabolism (blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, HOMA index) statistically significantly deteriorate with increasing number of the MS components (p <0.05); in patients with mild AA there is a statistically significantly (p <0.05) smaller number of MS components compared with patients with moderate to severe forms (φemp=2,645 < φcr=1,64); HOMA index increases statistically significantly with increasing severity of the disease: by 14.14% in patients with moderate form compared with patients with mild form, and in the presence of severe form by 28.31% compared with patients with moderate and by 46.46% compared with patients with mild forms of AA (p <0.05); the rate of triglycerides in the blood increases statistically significantly depending on the severity of AA: by 36.17% in patients with moderate form and by 41.78% in patients with severe form compared with mild form of AA (p <0.05); the content of high-density lipoproteins in the blood decreases statistically significantly depending on the severity of AA: by 2.12% in patients with moderate form compared with mild form and by 9.53% in patients with severe form compared with moderate form (p <0.05); no relationship has been found between the severity of MS, given the number of its components, and the stage of AA: active and chronic. Conclusions. As a result of the study, the relationship between the severity of AA and the severity of metabolic disorders in the presence of MS in patients has been established. An important area is the study of correction of dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance in a comprehensive therapy of AA associated with MS.
50
Krasnoselsky, M. V., T. M. Popovskaya, and L. G. Raskin. "Assessment of information value of metabolic indicators in patients with colorectal cancer." Klinical Informatics and Telemedicine 15, no. 16 (December 7, 2020): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31071/kit2020.16.04.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. The problem of assessing the information value of indicators of the condition of patients is of a general medical nature in connection with the fundamental importance of the results of clinical examination of patients for making a diagnosis and choosing an adequate treatment tactics. The research is aimed at finding effective methods for assessing the information content of controlled indicators. Materials and methods. We examined 32 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Metabolic disorders were studied on the eve of surgery and on the 14th day after surgery. To assess carbohydrate metabolism, the content of glucose (GLUCGOD) and lactate (LACT) in blood serum was studied. To assess lipid metabolism, total cholesterol (CHOL), alpha-lipoproteins (HDLC) (high-density lipoproteins), beta-lipoproteins (LDL) (low-density lipoproteins), triglycerides (TRIG) were studied. The level of the following amino acids was de-termined: methionine, cysteine, taurine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, glutamate, glutamine, citruline, aspartate, asparagine, arginine, ornithine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, threonine, lysine, gydroxine, serin. The calculation of correlations between the indicators is carried out. Results. In connection with the known shortcomings of the widely used method for assessing the information content of indicators by calculating the Kullback measure, a search for alternative methods that satisfy the requirements formulated in the work was carried out. The proposed method is based on a special procedure for statistical processing of the measurement results of a set of controlled indicators before and after the operation. A simple analytical relationship has been obtained that effectively detects differences in the statistical distributions of the values of the controlled indicators that appear in connection with the operation. In addition, a method for assessing the informativeness of indicators in a small sample of initial data is proposed. The method is based on identify-ing the dynamics of correlations between indicators as a result of surgery. Conclusion. Effective methods for assessing the informativeness of controlled indicators are proposed, which reveal differences in the statistical distributions of indicator values that appear in connection with the operation. Key words: Colorectal cancer; Measures for assessing the information value of indicators; A small sample of initial data.