Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lipopolysaccharide

Academic literature on the topic 'Lipopolysaccharide'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Lipopolysaccharide"

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Annenkov, Alexander Y., and Flora S. Baranova. "Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent and Lipopolysaccharide-Independent Pathways of Monocyte Desensitisation to Lipopolysaccharides." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 50, no. 3 (September 1991): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlb.50.3.215.

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Bahrani, K., and James D. Oliver. "Studies on the lipopolysaccharide of a virulent and an avirulent strain of Vibrio vulnificus." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 68, no. 2 (February 1, 1990): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o90-078.

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Vibrio vulnificus is a marine bacterium associated with both primary septicemias and wound infections in humans. The lipopolysaccharides of a virulent and an avirulent strain of Vibrio vulnificus were compared with respect to their chemical constituents and electrophoretic characteristics. 2-Keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, a normal constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of typical Enterobacteriaceae, was not found in the lipopolysaccharide of either strain. Hexadecenoate (C16:1) was the predominant fatty acid of the lipid A moiety of the lipopolysaccharides and of the membrane phospholipids of both strains. Hydroxy fatty acids composed 44% of the total fatty acids of the lipid A of the avirulent and 40% of those in the virulent strain. In addition, odd-numbered fatty acids were detected in both lipopolysaccharides. The electrophoretic profile was similar for both strains, but demonstrated no "ladder-like" pattern characteristic of "smooth" lipopolysaccharides. The result of this study showed no significant differences between the lipopolysaccharides of the virulent and avirulent strains of Vibrio vulnificus. The possible role for lipopolysaccharide in pathogenesis of Vibrio vulnificus infections is discussed.Key words: Vibrio, lipopolysaccharide, pathogenesis.
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Nakazawa, Nobuhiro, Takehiko Yokobori, Makoto Sohda, Nobuhiro Hosoi, Takayoshi Watanabe, Yuki Shimoda, Munenori Ide, et al. "Significance of Lipopolysaccharides in Gastric Cancer and Their Potential as a Biomarker for Nivolumab Sensitivity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (July 22, 2023): 11790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411790.

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Lipopolysaccharides are a type of polysaccharide mainly present in the bacterial outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Recent studies have revealed that lipopolysaccharides contribute to the immune response of the host by functioning as a cancer antigen. We retrospectively recruited 198 patients with gastric cancer who underwent surgery. The presence of lipopolysaccharides was determined using immunohistochemical staining, with the intensity score indicating positivity. The relationship between lipopolysaccharides and CD8, PD-L1, TGFBI (a representative downstream gene of TGF-β signaling), wnt3a, and E-cadherin (epithelial–mesenchymal transition marker) was also investigated. Thereafter, we identified 20 patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving nivolumab and investigated the relationship between lipopolysaccharides and nivolumab sensitivity. After staining for lipopolysaccharides in the nucleus of cancer cells, 150 negative (75.8%) and 48 positive cases (24.2%) were found. The lipopolysaccharide-positive group showed increased cancer stromal TGFBI expression (p < 0.0001) and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells (p = 0.0029). Lipopolysaccharide positivity was significantly correlated with increased wnt3a signaling (p = 0.0028) and decreased E-cadherin expression (p = 0.0055); however, no significant correlation was found between lipopolysaccharide expression and overall survival rate (p = 0.71). In contrast, high TGFBI expression in the presence of LPS was associated with a worse prognosis than that in the absence of LPS (p = 0.049). Among cases receiving nivolumab, the lipopolysaccharide-negative and -positive groups had disease control rates of 66.7% and 11.8%, respectively (p = 0.088). Lipopolysaccharide positivity was associated with wnt3a, TGF-β signaling, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition and was considered to tend to promote therapeutic resistance to nivolumab.
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Su, Grace L. "Lipopolysaccharides in liver injury: molecular mechanisms of Kupffer cell activation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 283, no. 2 (August 1, 2002): G256—G265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00550.2001.

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Endogenous gut-derived bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been implicated as important cofactors in the pathogenesis of liver injury. However, the molecular mechanisms by which lipopolysaccharides exert their effect are not entirely clear. Recent studies have pointed to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α as mediators of hepatocyte injury. Within the liver, Kupffer cells are major sources of proinflammatory cytokines that are produced in response to lipopolysaccharides. This review will focus on three important molecular components of the pathway by which lipopolysaccharides activate Kupffer cells: CD14, Toll-like receptor 4, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Within the liver, lipopolysaccharides bind to lipopolysaccharide binding protein, which then facilitates its transfer to membrane CD14 on the surface of Kupffer cells. Signaling of lipopolysaccharide through CD14 is mediated by the downstream receptor Toll-like receptor 4 and results in activation of Kupffer cells. The role played by these molecules in liver injury will be examined.
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Fuke, Nobuo, Shojiro Sawada, Takahiro Ito-Sasaki, Kumi Y. Inoue, Yusuke Ushida, Ikuo Sato, Tomokazu Matsue, Hideki Katagiri, Hiroyuki Ueda, and Hiroyuki Suganuma. "Relationship between Plasma Lipopolysaccharide Concentration and Health Status in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Japan: A Preliminary Cross-Sectional Study." J 6, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 605–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j6040040.

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Lipopolysaccharides are components of Gram-negative bacteria. The relationship between blood lipopolysaccharide levels and health status has mainly been investigated in Europe, and there is a lack of information about Asia, particularly Japan. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between blood lipopolysaccharide levels and health status in the Japanese. We conducted two cross-sectional studies in 36 healthy subjects (Study 1) and 36 patients with abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM; Study 2). The plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration in healthy subjects was positively correlated with body mass index. The plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration in AGM patients was obviously higher than that in healthy subjects. Furthermore, in AGM patients, the plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration was positively correlated with C-peptide, fasting plasma glucose levels, triglycerides, and stage of diabetic nephropathy. The plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration was also negatively correlated with 20/(C-peptide × fasting plasma glucose), an indicator of insulin resistance, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In particular, the correlation between plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration and triglycerides in AGM patients was maintained in multiple regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, or body mass index. These results suggest a possible role of lipopolysaccharides in obesity in healthy subjects and in the deterioration of triglyceride metabolism in AGM patients in the Japanese population.
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Sonesson, Anders, Erik Jantzen, Torill Tangen, and Ulrich Zähringer. "Lipopolysaccharides of Legionella erythra and Legionella oakridgensis." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 40, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 666–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m94-105.

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The chemical composition of lipopolysaccharides from Legionella erythra and Legionella oakridgensis was analysed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed both lipopolysaccharides to have a smooth-type character. The polysaccharide part of both lipopolysaccharides contained D-mannose, D-glucose, D-glycero-D-mannoheptose, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, L-fucosamine, D-glucosamine, and glucosamine phosphate. In addition, L-rhamnose, glycerol phosphate, and glucose phosphate were identified in the polysaccharide part of L. erythra lipopolysaccharide. The main sugar identified in the lipid A part of both lipopolysaccharides, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose, was found to be substituted with a complex fatty acid composition including at least 16 different amide-linked 3-hydroxy fatty acids. Both lipopolysaccharides contained nonhydroxy fatty acids and the uncommon 27-oxo-octacosanoic acid, 29-oxotriacontanoic acid, and 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid. The lipopolysaccharide of L. oakridgensis also contained 29-hydroxytriacontanoic acid. The dioic long-chain acids heptacosane-1,27-dioic acid and nonacosane-1,29-dioic acid were only present in the lipopolysaccharide of L. erythra.Key words: taxonomy, long-chain fatty acids, chemical analysis, 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucose.
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Xiaoting Wang and Xinglei Xiao. "Galangin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and stimulates osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via regulation of AKT/mTOR signaling." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v51i1.741.

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Background: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), with the abilities of multidirec-tional differentiation and self-renewal, have been widely used in bone repair and regeneration of inflammation-stimulated oral diseases. Galangin is a flavonoid isolated from Alpinia officinarum, exerts anti-obesity, antitumor, and anti-inflammation pharmacological effects. The roles of galangin in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were investigated. Methods: BMSCs were isolated from rat bone marrow and identified by flow cytometry. The isolated BMSCs were treated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides or cotreated with lipopolysaccharides and different concentrations of galangin. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT (tetrazolium component) and flow cytometry. ELISA was used to detect inflammation. Alizarin red staining was used to investigate osteogenic differentiation. Results: The rat BMSCs showed negative rate of CD34, and positive rate of CD29 and CD44. Lipopolysaccharides treatment reduced cell viability of BMSCs, and promoted the cell apoptosis. Incubation with galangin enhanced cell viability of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BMSCs, and suppressed the cell apoptosis. Galangin decreased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in lipo-polysaccharide-stimulated BMSCs through down-regulation of NF-κB phosphorylation (p-NF-κB). Galangin up-regulated expression of osteo-specific proteins, collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1), osteopontin (OPN), and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), to promote the osteogenic differentiation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BMSCs. Protein expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BMSCs were increased by galangin treatment. Galangin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BMSCs and promoted osteogenic differentiation through the activation of AKT/ mTOR signaling.
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Tian, Juan, Tao Han, and Minjuan Pan. "Friedelin Protects Against Alveolar Epithelial Cells Apoptosis in Lps-Induced Acute Pneumonia in Neonatal Rats by Suppressing NF-κB Activation." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 19, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:58-63.

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Neonatal pneumonia is caused by inflammation mediated by lipopolysaccharide from gram negative bacteria. This type of pneumonia is characterized by inflammatory and apoptotic responses. In this study, we have examined the effect of friedelin on lipopolysaccharide-induced pneumonia and the role of nuclear factor kappa B in this process. Also, using the human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells as a model we examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide on the cell apoptosis and its protection by friedelin. The results show that friedelin prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pneumonia in neonatal rats and cellular apoptosis by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. In summary, this study shows that the friedelin exhibits a remarkable protective effect on lung tissues exposed to lipopolysaccharides.
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Ranjan, Manish, Devanshi Khokhani, Sanjeeva Nayaka, Suchi Srivastava, Zachary P. Keyser, and Ashish Ranjan. "Genomic diversity and organization of complex polysaccharide biosynthesis clusters in the genus Dickeya." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 11, 2021): e0245727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245727.

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The pectinolytic genus Dickeya (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi) comprises numerous pathogenic species which cause diseases in various crops and ornamental plants across the globe. Their pathogenicity is governed by complex multi-factorial processes of adaptive virulence gene regulation. Extracellular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides present on bacterial envelope surface play a significant role in the virulence of phytopathogenic bacteria. However, very little is known about the genomic location, diversity, and organization of the polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic gene clusters in Dickeya. In the present study, we report the diversity and structural organization of the group 4 capsule (G4C)/O-antigen capsule, putative O-antigen lipopolysaccharide, enterobacterial common antigen, and core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis clusters from 54 Dickeya strains. The presence of these clusters suggests that Dickeya has both capsule and lipopolysaccharide carrying O-antigen to their external surface. These gene clusters are key regulatory components in the composition and structure of the outer surface of Dickeya. The O-antigen capsule/group 4 capsule (G4C) coding region shows a variation in gene content and organization. Based on nucleotide sequence homology in these Dickeya strains, two distinct groups, G4C group I and G4C group II, exist. However, comparatively less variation is observed in the putative O-antigen lipopolysaccharide cluster in Dickeya spp. except for in Dickeya zeae. Also, enterobacterial common antigen and core lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis clusters are present mostly as conserved genomic regions. The variation in the O-antigen capsule and putative O-antigen lipopolysaccharide coding region in relation to their phylogeny suggests a role of multiple horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. These multiple HGT processes might have been manifested into the current heterogeneity of O-antigen capsules and O-antigen lipopolysaccharides in Dickeya strains during its evolution.
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Jang, Soyoung, Soyeon Jang, Jiwon Ko, Eungyung Kim, Hyejin Hyung, Ji Yeong Park, Su-Geun Lim, Sijun Park, Myoung Ok Kim, and Zae Young Ryoo. "Protection of Neuronal Cells from Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation by Gossypetin." CURRENT TOPICS IN NUTRACEUTICAL RESEARCH 21, no. 2 (April 7, 2023): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.21:138-143.

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Systemic inflammation caused by infection, surgery, or injury can lead to cognitive decline. Lipopolysaccharides are known as toll-like receptor 4 ligands, which are common to the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines that subsequently mediate systemic inflammation. Furthermore, induc¬tion of systemic inflammation by lipopolysaccharide injection in mice can affect the brain, including cognitive functions. To investigate the neuroprotective role of gossypetin in systemic inflammation, a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) and mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide. The increase in proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species caused by lipopolysaccharide treatment in HT22 cells was decreased by gossypetin treatment. To evaluate the protective function against memory impairment, gossypetin was orally administered to C57BL/6J mice receiving lipopolysaccharide injec¬tion. Lipopolysaccharide-induced memory deficit was observed in lipopolysaccharide-only treated group in Y-maze test. However, the group treated with gossypetin and lipopolysaccharide had a diminution in cognitive impairment. Consistent with the behavioral test results, the proinflammatory cytokines were also relatively downregulated in the gossypetin-treated mouse group. To sum up, gossypetin can be protect the neuron cells from inflammation in vitro and prevent the cognitive impairment in mice in vivo.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lipopolysaccharide"

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Erridge, Clett. "Immune responses to lipopolysaccharide." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23334.

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Samai, Hakim. "Caractéristiques cellulaires et moléculaires de la réponse inflammatoire chez le poisson exposé à des substances d'origines bactériennes dans un contexte écotoxicologique." Thesis, Reims, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REIMS044/document.

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Dans le cadre de l’évaluation du risque immunotoxique de composés glycolypidiques d’origine bactérienne, cette thèse a portée sur l’évaluation de toxicité d’endotoxines d’E.coli de deux sérotype différents : LPS O55:B5 utilisé couramment en comme immunostimulant et le LPS O157:H7 dont la réalité environnementale a soulevé notre questionnement scientifique quant à son impact sur le système immunitaire du poisson et son caractère potentiellement pro-inflammatoire. Les différents procédés employés ont compris l’évaluation des paramètres cellulaires (production d’espèces réactives d’oxygène et phagocytose) ainsi que la caractérisation et la quantification de l’expression de gènes de cytokines (TGFβ et IL-10) et facteurs immuno-associés (MARCO, HSP60 et vitellogénine) chez le modèle gardon (Rutilus rutilus).Les approches expérimentales se sont déroulées tout d’abord en ex vivo sur des leucocytes isolés d’organes lymphoïdes (Rein antérieur, rate et sang) de gardon et ont montré une tolérance endotoxique vis-à-vis de ces LPS à de 1µg/mL même combinés au diclofénac à 0,1 µM. ce travaill a été suivi par une évaluation du risque potentiel d’autres composés glycolipidiques d’origine bactérienne (rhamnolipides).Les approches in vivo qui ont suivies ont été réalisées sur : (i) sur modèle poisson-zèbre (Danio rerio) au laboratoire et (ii) sur modèle gardon par encagement sur terrain. Les résultats obtenus sur danios au laboratoire ont montré une toxicité du sérotype O157 :H7 et une influence sur les paramètres comportementaux par les LPS (Sickness behaviour). Sur terrain, l’approche in vivo par encagement a révélé – au niveau de la rate et du rein antérieur – des réponses cellulaires et moléculaires, sérotype, organe et sexe dépendante avec une immunomodulation prédominante chez les mâles d’autant plus que la période d’étude s’est déroulée durant la maturation sexuelle des gardons. Ce travail fait état du caractère inflammatoire et toxique du LPS peu étudié d’E.coli O157 :H7, évalué par des immunomarqueurs cellulaires bien maitrisés et moléculaires néo-développés
In the context of immunotoxic risk evaluation of glycolypidic compounds of bacterial origin, this thesis focused on the evaluation of E.coli endotoxin toxicity of two different serotypes: LPS O55: B5 commonly used as an immunostimulant et LPS O157: H7, whose environmental reality has raised our scientific questioning about its impact on the fish's immune system et its potentially pro-inflammatory nature. The various methods used included the evaluation of cellular parameters (production of reactive oxygen species et phagocytosis) as well as the characterization of cytokines (TGFβ et IL-10) et immune-realted factors (MARCO, HSP60 et vitellogenin) genes et the quantification of their expression in the roach model (Rutilus rutilus).The experimental approaches were first carried out ex vivo on leukocytes isolated from lymphoid organs (anterior kidney, spleen et blood) roach et showed an endotoxic tolerance at 1μg / mL even combined with 0.1 μM diclofenac. This work was followed by an evaluation of the potential risk of other glycolipidic compounds of bacterial origin (rhamnolipids).The in vivo approaches that followed were performed on: (i) zebrafish (Danio rerio) model in the laboratory et (ii) on roach model by field caging. The results obtained on danios in the laboratory showed a toxicity of the serotype O157: H7 et an influence on the behavioral parameters by the LPS (Sickness behavior). On the field, the caging approach revealed - at spleen et the anterior kidney level - cellular et molecular responses, serotype, organ et sex-dependent with a predominant immunomodulation in males, especially since the study period took place during the sexual maturation of roaches. This work reports the inflammatory et toxic nature of the less studied E.coli O157: H7 LPS serotype, evaluated by well-mastered cellular et neo-developed molecular immunomarkers
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Rose, Robert Edward. "Calpain and lipopolysaccharide mediated hepatitis." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1806.

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Gibb, Alan Patrick. "Cross-reactive antibodies to lipopolysaccharide." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28093.

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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), also known as endotoxin, is a constituent of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria which is toxic for humans and other animals. LPS probably plays a key part in the pathogenesis of Gram-negative bacteraemia and sepsis syndrome in humans. Cross-reactive antibodies to LPS may play a part in natural host defences, and may also be useful in the treatment of Gram-negative bacteraemia and sepsis syndrome. The structure of LPS, its toxicity, its role in Gram-negative bacteraemia and sepsis syndrome in humans, and the potential value of cross-reactive antibodies to LPS are reviewed. The antibody response in recipients of typhoid vaccine was studied, with particular reference to the possibility that typhoid vaccine might induce the production of antibodies to the core region of LPS (LPS-core). In most recipients however the response observed was directed against specific antigens. Urine samples from patients with suspected UTI were tested for IgG antibodies to LPS-core. Such antibodies were found to be associated with the presence of bacteriuria, although the association was not strong enough for antibody assay to be useful as a diagnostic test. Total urinary IgG was equally strongly associated with bacteriuria. This suggested that the antibodies were probably present because of non-specific leakage of serum components into the urine as a result of inflammation. A large number of murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to LPS-core had been produced by a collaborative group in Edinburgh and Basel, in the hope of producing a cross-reactive MAb which would be useful therapeutically. The binding of some of these MAbs to a collection of blood-culture isolates of Gram-negative bacteria was studied.
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Zhao, Yun. "Immunomodulatory properties of Brucella lipopolysaccharide." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0229/document.

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Le lipopolysaccharide (LPS) de la bactérie à gram-négatif Brucella ne permet pas une reconnaissance efficace par le système immunitaire par l’expression de motifs agissant comme boucliers en vers le système immunitaire. Nous avons déjà constaté qu'un mutant de Brucella dans le gène wadC présentait un défaut dans la région du core du LPS sans modifier la structure de la chaîne oligosaccharidique et le lipide A. Tout d'abord, nous avons constaté que, contrairement au dogme, le LPS de type sauvage de Brucella melitensis (Bm-wt) active sélectivement les sous-ensembles DC dans un modèle BMDC induit par FL-DC mais pas GM-DC. Le LPS du mutant Brucella melitensis wadC (Bm-wadC) induit la maturation des cellules dendritiques et la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoires in vitro. Et in vivo, nous avons découvert que, en plus de l'activation dans les sous-types de cellules dendritiques conventionnelles spléniques, le LPS de Bm-wadC induit également le recrutement des cellules dendritiques DC-SIGN/CD64+ dans la rate. Dans la cavité péritonéale de la souris, contrairement au LPS de Bm-wt, qui n'a aucun effet sur l'activation des macrophages, le mutant wadC a eu un effet significatif sur la polarisation fonctionnelle des grands macrophages péritonéaux avec un phénotype M1 de manière dépendante de TLR4. Les trois LPS (Bm-wt, Bm-wadC et E. coli LPS) ont provoqué une disparition de macrophages dans le péritoine. De plus, les LPS de Bm-wt et Bm-wadC favorisent un afflux péritonéal important transitoire de neutrophiles après injection. Ces résultats encouragent une amélioration de la génération de nouveaux vaccins contre la brucellose
The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the gram-negative bacterium Brucella lacks a marked pathogen-associated molecular pattern. We had previously found that a Brucella mutant in the wadC gene deletion displayed a disrupted LPS core while keeping both the LPS O-polysaccharide and lipid A. Currently, we continue to carry out an in-depth characterization of the immunomodulatory properties of Brucella wild type and wadC mutant LPS. Firstly, we found that, unlike the dogma, Brucella melitensis wild type (Bm-wt) LPS selectively activates DC subsets in a BMDC model induced by FL-DC but not GM-DC. Brucella melitensis wadC LPS (Bm-wadC) induced both GM-DC and FL-DC maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. And in vivo, using an intraperitoneal injection model, we discovered that, Bm-wadC LPS also induced the recruitment of DC-SIGN/CD64+ dendritic cells into the spleen. In the mouse peritoneal cavity, unlike Bm-wt LPS, which has no effect on activation of macrophages, wadC mutant displayed a significant effect on the functional polarization of large peritoneal macrophages with a M1 phenotype in a TLR4-dependent manner. In addition, all three LPS (Bm-wt, Bm-wadC and E.coli LPS) induced a transient macrophage disappearance in the peritoneal cavity. Moreover, both Bm-wt and Bm-wadC LPS favored a significant transient peritoneal influx of neutrophils, which was much higher than E. coli LPS especially at early time points after injection. These results encourage for an improvement in the generation of novel vaccines against brucellosis
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Dauphinee, Shauna Marie. "Lipopolysaccharide signaling in endothelial cells." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23033.

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The endothelium plays a critical role in coordinating the innate immune response through the regulation of vascular tone, leukocyte recruitment and transmigration, and hemostasis. These functions are mediated, in part, by the signaling cascades initiated upon recognition of bacterial and viral products by a family of transmembrane receptors known as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). In endothelial cells, exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell wall constituent of Gram negative bacteria, results in endothelial activation through TLR4. Recruitment of the adapter protein, MyD88, to the receptor facilitates association of serine threonine kinases of the IL-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK) family. The IRAKs initiate a phosphorylation cascade through TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) culminating in activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways including NF-κB and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways. This thesis investigates signaling molecules and pathways downstream of TLR4 in endothelial cells. Specifically, contained herein is a description of the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in endothelial TLR signaling. This thesis identifies for the first time the function of these proteins in multiple TLR signaling pathways. In addition, the work presented here describes the identification and characterization of a novel TLR4 signaling molecule, SAM and SH3 domain containing protein 1 (SASH1). SASH1 promotes LPS-induced NF-κB and JNK, by functioning as a scaffold molecule to bind TRAF6, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK1) and IκB-kinase (IKK), thereby increasing proinflammatory cytokine production. The distinct functions of the endothelium in innate immunity highlight the need for an understanding of the signaling cascades initiated by LPS in endothelial cells and will be crucial to our understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis in the clinic.
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Young, Rosanna E. B. "The lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus parainfluenzae." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fc7b7bcc-ea89-4ded-bb65-a1f2879236ca.

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Haemophilus parainfluenzae (Hp) and H. influenzae (Hi) are closely related members of the Pasteurellaceae family and are common commensal bacteria of the human nasopharynx. Whilst Hi is frequently implicated in meningitis, otitis media and respiratory tract infections, reports of pathogenic behaviour by Hp are very rare. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key component of the Gram negative cell wall, and its structure influences the ability of Haemophilus to interact with the host and evade immune clearance. A better understanding of the differences in LPS structure between Hi and Hp could help to ascertain which parts of the molecule are important for commensal and pathogenic behaviour. Hi LPS comprises lipid A, a conserved oligosaccharide inner core, and an oligosaccharide outer core that differs between strains. The latter is partly phase variable by the slipped strand mispairing during replication of DNA repeat tracts within several LPS biosynthesis genes. Very little was known about LPS in Hp so we investigated its biosynthesis and structure in a panel of 20 Hp carriage isolates. Using PCR, DNA sequencing and Southern analysis we demonstrated that Hp possesses homologues of the Hi lipid A and inner core LPS synthesis genes and a few of the genes for outer core synthesis; however, homologues of the Hi phase variable outer core genes were largely absent and did not contain repeat tracts. The results of immunoblotting and collaborative structural analysis were consistent with this data. Phosphocholine, a phase variable Hi LPS epitope that has been implicated in otitis media, was found to be absent in Hp LPS due to the lack of four genes required for its biosynthesis and incorporation. The introduction of these genes into Hp led to the phase variable addition of phosphocholine to the LPS, indicating that there is no fundamental reason why Hp could not use a similar mechanism of variation to Hi if it was advantageous to do so. SDS-PAGE data suggested the presence of O-antigens (repeated chains of sugars) in many of the Hp strains, an unusual feature for Haemophilus, and all of the strains were found to contain a potential O-antigen synthesis locus. Each locus encodes homologues of several glycosyltransferases in addition to either the Wzy polymerase- or ABC transporter-dependent mechanisms of O-antigen synthesis and transport. Comparisons of wild type and isogenic mutant strains showed that the O-antigen enhances resistance to complement-mediated killing and appears to affect adhesion to epithelial cells in vitro. Hp is a successful commensal organism but lacks the flexibility of adapting its LPS using repeat-mediated phase variation, potentially limiting its range of host niches.
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Smith, David G. E. "Activities of anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19300.

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Ranc, Anne-Gaëlle. "Phenol Soluble Modulins et lipopolysaccharide de Legionella pneumophila : rôle dans la réponse immunitaire innée." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1010/document.

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Legionella pneumophila (Lp) est une bactérie ubiquitaire dans les environnements aqueux et responsable d’une pneumopathie potentiellement sévère : la légionellose. La majorité des souches impliquées appartiennent au sérogroupe 1 (Lp1) et à un sous- groupe spécifique de souches portant un épitope particulier dites mAb3/1+. Cependant, la différence de distribution entre les souches retrouvées dans l’environnement et celles impliquées en clinique n’est pas clairement élucidée. Notre travail a porté sur la détection de deux facteurs de virulence de Lp. Nous avons voulu mettre en évidence l’existence de Phenols Soluble Modulines (PSMs), peptides uniquement décrit chez Staphylocoques et avons ainsi pu démontrer l’activité de peptides prédits par analyse in silico chez Lp capables d’activer la réponse inflammatoire par la voie du NF-?B et sont dotés d’une action cytotoxique. Notre deuxième axe d’étude a porté sur le lipopolysaccharide (LPS) de Lp. Afin de vérifier si la prédominance de certaines souches était liée à un biais diagnostique, nous avons voulu tout d’abord vérifier la sensibilité de 3 tests urinaires diagnostiques envers le LPS extrait de souches de différents sous- groupes de Lp1 et sérogroupes de Lp et avons ainsi pu montrer que ces tests sont capables de détecter tous les LPS de Lp1. La sensibilité envers le LPS des autres sérogroupes est très variable mais reste insuffisante pour permettre leur détection. Nous avons ensuite utilisé ces LPS extraits pour vérifier la réponse immunitaire innée en fonction des souches de Lp1. Ainsi les souches mAb3/1+ activent moins le système immunitaire que les souches mAb3/1-, ce qui pourrait expliquer alors une moins bonne clairance de ces souches permettant leur multiplication à l’origine d’une infection. Au final, notre travail a permis d’étudier deux facteurs de virulence potentiels au sein de Lp, pouvant expliquer partiellement la prédominance de certaines souches en pathologie humaine
Legionella pneumophila (Lp) is a ubiquitous intracellular bacterium found widely in the environment and is the cause of an opportunistic infection named legionellosis. The majority of the strains involved belong to serogroup 1 (Lp1) and to a specific subgroup named mAb3/1+, linked to a specific epitope expressed at the cell membrane. However the distribution difference between the strains found in the environment and the ones involved in pathology is not fully understood. We here studied two virulence factors of Lp. We first demonstrated the existence of Phenols Soluble Modulines (PSMs), smalls peptides that only have been described for Staphylococcus and found that the peptides that were predicted for Lp by in silico analysis were able to activate the innate immune response by NF-?B pathway and were able to have a cytotoxic activity. We also studied the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Lp. To found out if the predominance of some strains was linked to a diagnosis biais, we first evaluated the sensitivity of 3 urinary antigens tests against extracted LPS of strains belonging to all the sous-groups of Lp1 and serogroups of Lp. We then demonstrated that those tests are able to detect all LPS of Lp1, independently of mAb3/1 character. The sensitivities of the 3 tests were very variable for the other serogroups of Lp, but were too low to be able to detect those LPS in practice. We then used these extracted LPS to evaluate the innate immune response for different strains of Lp1. We demonstrated that mAb3/1- strains needed lower dose of LPS to activate the innate immune response than mAb3/1+ strains, which could be linked to a better clearance of the bacteria from the host, which doesn’t develop an infection. This work has studied two potentially virulent factors of Lp, which could partially explain the predominance of some strains of Lp in human pathology
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Andres, Dorothee. "Biophysical chemistry of lipopolysaccharide specific bacteriophages." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5926/.

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Carbohydrate recognition is a ubiquitous principle underlying many fundamental biological processes like fertilization, embryogenesis and viral infections. But how carbohydrate specificity and affinity induce a molecular event is not well understood. One of these examples is bacteriophage P22 that binds and infects three distinct Salmonella enterica (S.) hosts. It recognizes and depolymerizes repetitive carbohydrate structures of O antigen in its host´s outer membrane lipopolysaccharide molecule. This is mediated by tailspikes, mainly β helical appendages on phage P22 short non contractile tail apparatus (podovirus). The O antigen of all three Salmonella enterica hosts is built from tetrasaccharide repeating units consisting of an identical main chain with a distinguished 3,6 dideoxyhexose substituent that is crucial for P22 tailspike recognition: tyvelose in S. Enteritidis, abequose in S. Typhimurium and paratose in S. Paratyphi. In the first study the complexes of P22 tailspike with its host’s O antigen octasaccharide were characterized. S. Paratyphi octasaccharide binds less tightly (ΔΔG≈7 kJ/mol) to the tailspike than the other two hosts. Crystal structure analysis of P22 tailspike co crystallized with S. Paratyphi octasaccharides revealed different interactions than those observed before in tailspike complexes with S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium octasaccharides. These different interactions occur due to a structural rearrangement in the S. Paratyphi octasaccharide. It results in an unfavorable glycosidic bond Φ/Ψ angle combination that also had occurred when the S. Paratyphi octasaccharide conformation was analyzed in an aprotic environment. Contributions of individual protein surface contacts to binding affinity were analyzed showing that conserved structural waters mediate specific recognition of all three different Salmonella host O antigens. Although different O antigen structures possess distinct binding behavior on the tailspike surface, all are recognized and infected by phage P22. Hence, in a second study, binding measurements revealed that multivalent O antigen was able to bind with high avidity to P22 tailspike. Dissociation rates of the polymer were three times slower than for an octasaccharide fragment pointing towards high affinity for O antigen polysaccharide. Furthermore, when phage P22 was incubated with lipopolysaccharide aggregates before plating on S. Typhimurium cells, P22 infectivity became significantly reduced. Therefore, in a third study, the function of carbohydrate recognition on the infection process was characterized. It was shown that large S. Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide aggregates triggered DNA release from the phage capsid in vitro. This provides evidence that phage P22 does not use a second receptor on the Salmonella surface for infection. P22 tailspike binding and cleavage activity modulate DNA egress from the phage capsid. DNA release occurred more slowly when the phage possessed mutant tailspikes with less hydrolytic activity and was not induced if lipopolysaccharides contained tailspike shortened O antigen polymer. Furthermore, the onset of DNA release was delayed by tailspikes with reduced binding affinity. The results suggest a model for P22 infection induced by carbohydrate recognition: tailspikes position the phage on Salmonella enterica and their hydrolytic activity forces a central structural protein of the phage assembly, the plug protein, onto the host´s membrane surface. Upon membrane contact, a conformational change has to occur in the assembly to eject DNA and pilot proteins from the phage to establish infection. Earlier studies had investigated DNA ejection in vitro solely for viruses with long non contractile tails (siphovirus) recognizing protein receptors. Podovirus P22 in this work was therefore the first example for a short tailed phage with an LPS recognition organelle that can trigger DNA ejection in vitro. However, O antigen binding and cleaving tailspikes are widely distributed in the phage biosphere, for example in siphovirus 9NA. Crystal structure analysis of 9NA tailspike revealed a complete similar fold to P22 tailspike although they only share 36 % sequence identity. Moreover, 9NA tailspike possesses similar enzyme activity towards S. Typhimurium O antigen within conserved amino acids. These are responsible for a DNA ejection process from siphovirus 9NA triggered by lipopolysaccharide aggregates. 9NA expelled its DNA 30 times faster than podovirus P22 although the associated conformational change is controlled with a similar high activation barrier. The difference in DNA ejection velocity mirrors different tail morphologies and their efficiency to translate a carbohydrate recognition signal into action.
Kohlenhydraterkennung ist ein fundamentales Prinzip vieler biologischer Prozesse wie z.B. Befruchtung, Embryogenese und virale Infektionen. Wie aber Kohlenhydratspezifität und –affinität in ein molekulares Ereignis übersetzt werden, ist nicht genau verstanden. Ein Beispiel für ein solches Ereignis ist die Infektion des Bakteriophage P22, der drei verschiedene Salmonella enterica (S.) Wirte besitzt. Er erkennt und depolymerisiert die repetitiven Einheiten des O Antigens im Lipopolysaccharid, das sich in der äußeren Membran seines Wirtes befindet. Dieser Schritt wird durch die Tailspikes vermittelt, β helicale Bestandteile des kurzen, nicht kontraktilen Schwanzapparates von P22 (Podovirus). Das O Antigen aller drei Salmonella enterica Wirte besteht aus sich wiederholenden Tetrasacchariden. Sie enthalten die gleiche Hauptkette aber eine spezifische 3,6 Didesoxyhexose Seitenkette, die für die P22 Tailspikeerkennung essentiell ist: Tyvelose in S. Enteritidis, Abequose in S. Typhimurium und Paratose in S. Paratyphi. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde die Komplexbildung von P22 Tailspike mit O Antigen Octasaccharidfragmenten der drei verschiedenen Wirte untersucht. S. Paratyphi Octasaccharide binden mit einer geringeren Affinität (ΔΔG≈7 kJ/mol) an den Tailspike als die beiden anderen Wirte. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse des S. Paratyphi Octasaccharides komplexiert mit P22 Tailspike offenbarten unterschiedliche Interkationen als vorher mit S. Enteritidis und S. Typhimurium Oktasaccharidkomplexen mit Tailspike beobachtet wurden. Diese unterschiedlichen Interaktionen beruhen auf einer strukturellen Änderung in den Φ/Ψ Winkeln der glykosidischen Bindung. Die Beiträge von verschiedenen Proteinoberflächenkontakten zur Affnität wurden untersucht und zeigten, dass konservierte Wasser in der Struktur die spezifische Erkennung aller drei Salmonella Wirte vermittelt. Obwohl die verschiedenen O Antigen Strukturen unterschiedliches Bindungsverhalten auf der Tailspikeoberfläche zeigen, werden alle vom Phagen P22 erkannt und infiziert. Daher wurde in einer zweiten Studie die multivalente Bindung zwischen P22 Tailspike und O Antigen charakterisiert. Die Dissoziationskonstanten des Polymers waren drei Mal langsamer als für das Oktasaccharid allein, was auf eine hohe Affinität des O Antigens schließen lässt. Zusätzlich wurde gezeigt, dass die Aggregate des Lipopolysaccharids in der Lage sind, die Infektiösität vom P22 Phagen zu reduzieren. Ausgehend davon wurde in einer dritten Studie die Bedeutung der Kohlenhydrat Erkennung auf den Infektionsprozess untersucht. Große S. Typhimurium Lipopolysaccharide Aggregate bewirkten die DNA Freisetzung vom P22 Kapsid. Dies deutet darauf, dass der P22 Phage keinen weiteren Rezeptor für die Infektion auf der Oberflächen seines Wirtes verwendet. Zusätzlich moduliert die P22 Tailspike Aktivität den Ausstoss der DNA vom P22 Phagen: Er ist langsamer, wenn der Phage Tailspikes besitzt, die weniger hydrolytisch aktiv sind und wurde nicht induziert, wenn Lipopolysaccharid eingesetzt wurde, dass zuvor mit Tailspike hydrolysiert wurde. Darüber hinaus wurde der Start der DNA Ejektion verzögert, wenn Tailspikes mit verminderter Affinität am Phagen vorhanden waren. Die Ergebnisse führten zu einem Modell für die Infektion von P22: Tailspikes positionieren den Phagen auf Salmonella enterica und ihre Aktivität drückt ein zentrales Strukturprotein des Phagen, das Stöpselprotein, auf die Membranoberfläche. Aufgrund des Membrankontaktes findet eine Konformationsänderung statt die zur Ejektion der Pilotproteine und zur Infektion führt. Vorhergehende Studien haben bisher nur die DNA Ejektion in vitro für Viren mit langen, nicht kontraktilen Schwänzen (Siphoviren) mit Proteinrezeptoren untersucht. In dieser Arbeit wurde das erste Mal die DNA Ejektion für einen Podovirus mit LPS Erkennung in vitro gezeigt. Die O Antigen Erkennung und Spaltung durch Tailspikeproteine gibt es häufig in der Phagenbiosphere, z.B. am Siphovirus 9NA. Die Kristallstrukturanalyse von 9NA Tailspike zeigt eine komplett gleiche Struktur, obwohl beide Proteine nur zu 36% Sequenzidentität besitzen. Zusätzlich hat 9NA Tailspike ähnliche enzymatische Eigenschaften. Diese ist für den DNA Ejektionsprozess im Siphovirus 9NA verantwortlich, der auch durch LPS Agreggate induziert wird. 9NA stößt dabei seine DNA 30 Mal schneller aus als Podovirus P22 obwohl die damit verbundene Konformationsänderung mit einer ähnlich hohen Aktivierungsbarriere kontrolliert wird. Daher spiegeln die Unterschiede in der DNA Ejektionsgeschwindigkeit der verschiedenen Tailmorphologien die Effezienz wieder, mit der die spezifische Kohlenhydraterkennung in ein Signal umgewandelt wird.
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Books on the topic "Lipopolysaccharide"

1

Sperandeo, Paola, ed. Lipopolysaccharide Transport. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1.

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S, Jack Robert, ed. CD14 in the inflammatory response. Basel: Karger, 2000.

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Sindhu, Satyavir Singh. Molecular analysis of lipopolysaccharide and membrane associated proteins in Rhizobium Leguminosarum. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1990.

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Tessier, Marisa. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on monocyte cytokine secretion transduced by mek and erk. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, 2003.

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Giatagana-Limnaiou, Aikaterini. Zelluläre Verteilung von Lipopolysaccharide-responsive beige-like anchor-Protein (Lrba-Protein) in Mausgeweben. [S.l: s.n.], 2013.

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Rocca, Cynthia M. Phagocytic abilities of monocytes treated with HIV-Tat, phorbol esters, lipopolysaccharide, lectin and Escherichia coli. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1999.

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Monoclonal antibody to the immunodominant lipopolysaccharide antigen of bacteroides fragilis cross-reacting with type II group B streptococci. Turku: Turun yliopisto, 1988.

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Knirel, Yuriy A., and Miguel A. Valvano, eds. Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0733-1.

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1941-, Morrison David C., and Ryan John Louis, eds. Bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1992.

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Mandatori, Rosemary. Structural and antigenic properties of Campylobacter coli lipopolysaccharides. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lipopolysaccharide"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Lipopolysaccharide." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 905. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_14130.

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Martorana, Alessandra M., Carlo Santambrogio, and Alessandra Polissi. "Affinity Purification and Coimmunoprecipitation of Transenvelope Protein Complexes in Gram-Negative Bacteria." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 129–44. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_9.

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Miyazaki, Ryoji, Hiroyuki Mori, and Yoshinori Akiyama. "A Photo-Crosslinking Approach to Monitoring the Assembly of an LptD Intermediate with LptE in a Living Cell." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 97–107. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_7.

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Oh, Yoo Jin. "Use of Atomic Force Microscopy to Characterize LPS Perturbations." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 279–87. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_17.

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Thélot, François A., and Maofu Liao. "Cryo-EM Analysis of the Lipopolysaccharide Flippase MsbA." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 233–47. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_14.

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Schultz, Kathryn M., and Candice S. Klug. "Use of Site-Directed Spin Labeling EPR Spectroscopy to Study Protein–LPS Interactions." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 83–96. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_6.

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Falchi, Federica Anna. "Analyzing the Function of Essential Genes by Plasmid Shuffling." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 37–49. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_3.

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Bollati, Michela, and Louise J. Gourlay. "Protein Crystallization of Two Recombinant Lpt Proteins." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 249–63. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_15.

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Cardoso Mendes Moura, Elisabete C., Alessandra Polissi, and Paola Sperandeo. "Membrane Fractionation by Isopycnic Sucrose Density Gradient Centrifugation for Qualitative Analysis of LPS in Escherichia coli." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 53–69. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_4.

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Monjarás Feria, Julia, and Miguel A. Valvano. "Exploring the Topology of Cytoplasmic Membrane Proteins Involved in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis by in Silico and Biochemical Analyses." In Lipopolysaccharide Transport, 71–82. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2581-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lipopolysaccharide"

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Abdel Fattah, EA, Y. Xu, KE Kolodziejska, and NT Eissa. "Induction of AutophagyIn Vivoby Lipopolysaccharide." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a2843.

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Yang, Feng-Yi, and Yin-Ting Zheng. "Ultrasound Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Colonic Damage." In 2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340959.

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Gupta, Vandana, Manminder Kaur, Christopher Jagger, Antonia Banyard, Wha-Yong Lee, Justyna Sutula, Paul Hitchen, and Dave Singh. "Inhaled Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) In Patients With COPD." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4455.

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Manoharan, Hariharan, J. Kuzhandai Shamlee, and V. V. R. Sai. "Exploring the methylene blue metachromasy to detect LPS endotoxin on the U-bent fiberoptic sensor probe." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2022.stu4c.5.

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A methylene blue (MB) dye-based lipopolysaccharide (LPS) endotoxin quantification was performed, where the LPS was entrapped on a hydrophobic C-18 layer immobilized U-bent fiberoptic sensor (U-FOS) probe.
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Konter, Jason, Dan Dwyer, Kenneth Walsh, and Ross S. Summer. "Adiponectin Mediates Response To Systemic And Pulmonary Lipopolysaccharide." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2322.

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Fielhaber, Jill A., Scott F. Carroll, Anders Bondo Dydensborg, Alexandra Triantafillopolous, Maxime Bouchard, Salman T. Qureshi, and Arnold S. Kristof. "Rapamycin Enhances Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Apoptosis And Lung Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a3542.

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Faller, Simone, Kornelia K. Zimmermann, Rene Schmidt, and Alexander Hoetzel. "Inhaled Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Lipopolysaccharide-induced Lung Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a6350.

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Хомякова, Татьяна Ивановна, and Ольга Михайловна Рябинина. "ROLE OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE IN DEVELOPMENT OF SEPSIS (REVIEW)." In Фундаментальные и прикладные исследования. Актуальные проблемы и достижения: сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции (Тюмень, Май 2023). Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230503.2023.43.67.002.

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Липополисахариды грамотрицательных бактерий (LPS) считаются наиболее иммуногенными бактериальными компонентами, ассоциированными с развитием системного воспаления и сепсиса. В обзоре описываются механизмы действия LPS на основные органы-мишени,- легкие, сердце и головной мозг тяжелое поражение которых ассоциировано с развитием дыхательной и сердечной недостаточности. Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are considered to be the most immunogenic bacterial components associated with the development of systemic inflammation and sepsis. The review describes the mechanisms of action of LPS on the main target organs - the lungs, heart and brain, the severe damage of which is associated with the development of respiratory and heart failure.
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Campos, P. H. R. F., N. Le Floc’h, D. Renaudeau, J. Noblet, and E. Labussière. "Effects of lipopolysaccharide-induced fever on metabolic heat production." In 6th EAAP International Symposium on Energy and Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-891-9_104.

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Fisher, Bernard J., Ignacio M. Seropian, and Ramesh Natarajan. "Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibition Exacerbates Lipopolysaccharide Induced Acute Lung Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a2149.

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Reports on the topic "Lipopolysaccharide"

1

Reinhold, Vernon N. 'Coxiella Burnetii' Vaccine Development: Lipopolysaccharide Structural Analysis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada233705.

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Perez-Perez, Guillermo I., Martin J. Blaser, and John H. Bryner. Lipopolysaccharide Structures of Campylobacter fetus are Related to Heat-Stable Serogroups. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265573.

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Kaiser, Michael G., Erin Beach, Ceren Ciraci, and Susan J. Lamont. Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide and Dietary Natural Source Vitamin E Effects on Broiler Chick Immune Response. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-976.

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Granata, Joseph, Hugo Sanchez, Phillip Loeschinger, and Jodi Evans. CD105 Deficiency in Mouse Aorta-Derived Progenitor Cells Promotes an Enhanced Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Young Investigators, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22186/jyi.35.4.61-66.

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Azarpajouh, Samaneh, Jessica D. Colpoys, Nicholas K. Gabler, Anna K. Johnson, Jack C. Dekkers, Anoosh Rakhshandeh, and Caitlyn Abell. Effect on Gilt Behavior and Postures when Selected for Residual Feed Intake Selection in Response to a Lipopolysaccharide Challenge. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-240.

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Al-Qaisi, Mohmmad, Sara Kvidera, Erin Horst, Carrie Shouse, Johana Mayorga, Nathan Upah, Denny MacKilligan, Leo L. Timms, and Lance H. Baumgard. Effects of an Oral Supplement Containing Calcium and Live Yeast on Circulating Calcium and Production Parameters Following I.V. Lipopolysaccharide Infusion in Dairy Cows. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-301.

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Noel, K. Dale. Final Report Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER20307 Lipopolysaccharide Structures and Genes Required for Root Nodule Development August 1, 2004 to July 31, 2008. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/943473.

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Delehanty, J. B., B. J. Johnson, T. E. Hickey, T. Pons, and F. S. Ligler. Plant Proanthocyanidins Bind to and Neutralize Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517872.

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Splitter, Gary, and Menachem Banai. Microarray Analysis of Brucella melitensis Pathogenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709884.bard.

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Original Objectives 1. To determine the Brucella genes that lead to chronic macrophage infection. 2. To identify Brucella genes that contribute to infection. 3. To confirm the importance of Brucella genes in macrophages and placental cells by mutational analysis. Background Brucella spp. is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that infects ruminants causing abortion or birth of severely debilitated animals. Brucellosis continues in Israel, caused by B. melitensis despite an intensive eradication campaign. Problems with the Rev1 vaccine emphasize the need for a greater understanding of Brucella pathogenesis that could improve vaccine designs. Virulent Brucella has developed a successful strategy for survival in its host and transmission to other hosts. To invade the host, virulent Brucella establishes an intracellular niche within macrophages avoiding macrophage killing, ensuring its long-term survival. Then, to exit the host, Brucella uses placenta where it replicates to high numbers resulting in abortion. Also, Brucella traffics to the mammary gland where it is secreted in milk. Missing from our understanding of brucellosis is the surprisingly lillie basic information detailing the mechanisms that permit bacterial persistence in infected macrophages (chronic infection) and dissemination to other animals from infected placental cells and milk (acute infection). Microarray analysis is a powerful approach to determine global gene expression in bacteria. The close genomic similarities of Brucella species and our recent comparative genomic studies of Brucella species using our B. melitensis microarray, suqqests that the data obtained from studying B. melitensis 16M would enable understanding the pathogenicity of other Brucella organisms, particularly the diverse B. melitensis variants that confound Brucella eradication in Israel. Conclusions Results from our BARD studies have identified previously unknown mechanisms of Brucella melitensis pathogenesis- i.e., response to blue light, quorum sensing, second messenger signaling by cyclic di-GMP, the importance of genomic island 2 for lipopolysaccharide in the outer bacterial membrane, and the role of a TIR domain containing protein that mimics a host intracellular signaling molecule. Each one of these pathogenic mechanisms offers major steps in our understanding of Brucella pathogenesis. Strikingly, our molecular results have correlated well to the pathognomonic profile of the disease. We have shown that infected cattle do not elicit antibodies to the organisms at the onset of infection, in correlation to the stealth pathogenesis shown by a molecular approach. Moreover, our field studies have shown that Brucella exploit this time frame to transmit in nature by synchronizing their life cycle to the gestation cycle of their host succumbing to abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy that spreads massive numbers of organisms in the environment. Knowing the bacterial mechanisms that contribute to the virulence of Brucella in its host has initiated the agricultural opportunities for developing new vaccines and diagnostic assays as well as improving control and eradication campaigns based on herd management and linking diagnosis to the pregnancy status of the animals. Scientific and Agricultural Implications Our BARD funded studies have revealed important Brucella virulence mechanisms of pathogenesis. Our publication in Science has identified a highly novel concept where Brucella utilizes blue light to increase its virulence similar to some plant bacterial pathogens. Further, our studies have revealed bacterial second messengers that regulate virulence, quorum sensing mechanisms permitting bacteria to evaluate their environment, and a genomic island that controls synthesis of its lipopolysaccharide surface. Discussions are ongoing with a vaccine company for application of this genomic island knowledge in a Brucella vaccine by the U.S. lab. Also, our new technology of bioengineering bioluminescent Brucella has resulted in a spin-off application for diagnosis of Brucella infected animals by the Israeli lab by prioritizing bacterial diagnosis over serological diagnosis.
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10

Schwartz, Bertha, Vaclav Vetvicka, Ofer Danai, and Yitzhak Hadar. Increasing the value of mushrooms as functional foods: induction of alpha and beta glucan content via novel cultivation methods. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600033.bard.

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During the granting period, we performed the following projects: Firstly, we differentially measured glucan content in several pleurotus mushroom strains. Mushroom polysaccharides are edible polymers that have numerous reported biological functions; the most common effects are attributed to β-glucans. In recent years, it became apparent that the less abundant α-glucans also possess potent effects in various health conditions. In our first study, we explored several Pleurotus species for their total, β and α-glucan content. Pleurotuseryngii was found to have the highest total glucan concentrations and the highest α-glucans proportion. We also found that the stalks (stipe) of the fruit body contained higher glucan content then the caps (pileus). Since mushrooms respond markedly to changes in environmental and growth conditions, we developed cultivation methods aiming to increase the levels of α and β-glucans. Using olive mill solid waste (OMSW) from three-phase olive mills in the cultivation substrate. We were able to enrich the levels mainly of α-glucans. Maximal total glucan concentrations were enhanced up to twice when the growth substrate contained 80% of OMSW compared to no OMSW. Taking together this study demonstrate that Pleurotuseryngii can serve as a potential rich source of glucans for nutritional and medicinal applications and that glucan content in mushroom fruiting bodies can be further enriched by applying OMSW into the cultivation substrate. We then compared the immune-modulating activity of glucans extracted from P. ostreatus and P. eryngii on phagocytosis of peripheral blood neutrophils, and superoxide release from HL-60 cells. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of these glucans are partially mediated through modulation of neutrophileffector functions (P. eryngiiwas more effective). Additionally, both glucans dose-dependently competed for the anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibody binding. We then tested the putative anti-inflammatory effects of the extracted glucans in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–induced model in mice. The clinical symptoms of IBD were efficiently relieved by the treatment with two different doses of the glucan from both fungi. Glucan fractions, from either P. ostreatus or P. eryngii, markedly prevented TNF-α mediated inflammation in the DSS–induced inflamed intestine. These results suggest that there are variations in glucan preparations from different fungi in their anti-inflammatory ability. In our next study, we tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of TNF-α. We demonstrated that glucan extracts are more effective than mill mushroom preparations. Additionally, the effectiveness of stalk-derived glucans were slightly more pronounced than of caps. Cap and stalk glucans from mill or isolated glucan competed dose-dependently with anti-Dectin-and anti-CR-3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. Using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-inflammatory bowel disease mice model, intestinal inflammatory response to the mill preparations was measured and compared to extracted glucan fractions from caps and stalks. We found that mill and glucan extracts were very effective in downregulatingIFN-γ and MIP-2 levels and that stalk-derived preparations were more effective than from caps. The tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes and upregulating the levels of fecal-released IgA to almost normal levels. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating some IBD-inflammatory associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii. These spatial distinctions may be helpful in selecting more effective specific anti-inflammatory mushrooms-derived glucans. We additionally tested the effect of glucans on lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-α, which demonstrated stalk-derived glucans were more effective than of caps-derived glucans. Isolated glucans competed with anti-Dectin-1 and anti-CR3 antibodies, indicating that they contain β-glucans recognized by these receptors. In conclusion, the most effective glucans in ameliorating IBD-associated symptoms induced by DSS treatment in mice were glucan extracts prepared from the stalk of P. eryngii grown at higher concentrations of OMSW. We conclude that these stress-induced growing conditions may be helpful in selecting more effective glucans derived from edible mushrooms. Based on the findings that we could enhance glucan content in Pleurotuseryngii following cultivation of the mushrooms on a substrate containing different concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) and that these changes are directly related to the content of OMSW in the growing substrate we tested the extracted glucans in several models. Using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)–inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mice model, we measured the colonic inflammatory response to the different glucan preparations. We found that the histology damaging score (HDS) resulting from DSS treatment reach a value of 11.8 ± 2.3 were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans, glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 20% OMSWdownregulated to a HDS value of 6.4 ± 0.5 and at 80% OMSW showed the strongest effects (5.5 ± 0.6). Similar downregulatory effects were obtained for expression of various intestinal cytokines. All tested glucans were equally effective in regulating the number of CD14/CD16 monocytes from 18.2 ± 2.7 % for DSS to 6.4 ± 2.0 for DSS +glucans extracted from stalks cultivated at 50% OMSW. We finally tested glucans extracted from Pleurotuseryngii grown on a substrate containing increasing concentrations of olive mill solid waste (OMSW) contain greater glucan concentrations as a function of OMSW content. Treatment of rat Intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) transiently transfected with Nf-κB fused to luciferase demonstrated that glucans extracted from P. eryngii stalks grown on 80% OMSWdownregulatedTNF-α activation. Glucans from mushrooms grown on 80% OMSW exerted the most significant reducing activity of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated J774A.1 murine macrophages. The isolated glucans were tested in vivo using the Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS) induced colitis in C57Bl/6 mice and found to reduce the histology damaging score resulting from DSS treatment. Expression of various intestinal cytokines were efficiently downregulated by treatment with the fungal extracted glucans. We conclude that the stress-induced growing conditions exerted by OMSW induces production of more effective anti-inflammatory glucans in P. eryngii stalks.
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