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Journal articles on the topic 'LiOH'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Gorelik, V. S., A. I. Vodchits, Dongxue Bi, V. V. Koltashev, and V. G. Plotnichenko. "Raman Scattering in LiOH and LiOD Polycrystals." Inorganic Materials 55, no. 3 (March 2019): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0020168519030087.

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2

Горелик, В. С., А. И. Водчиц, Dongxue Bi, В. В. Колташев, and В. Г. Плотниченко. "Комбинационное рассеяние света в поликристаллах LiOH и LiOD." Неорганические материалы 55, no. 3 (2019): 298–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0002337x19030084.

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3

Sunardi, Sunardi, Aris Haryadi, Wihantoro Wihantoro, and Evi Yulianti. "Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Kitosan/LiOH sebagai Elektrolit Padat Baterai Sekunder." Jurnal Teras Fisika 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jtf.2019.2.1.1334.

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Sintesis dan karakterisasi membran Kitosan/LiOH dilakukan bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh PVA/LiOH terhadap mikrostruktur membran elektrolit padat baterai sekunder. Sintesi membran Kitosan/LiOH dilakukan dengan metode casting dengan variasi konsentrasi w/w LiOH. Karakterisasi dilakukan menggunakan FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra Red) dan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). Hasil FTIR membran kitosan/LiOH menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara kitosan/LiOH. Pada panjang gelombang 3500 nm terbentuk gugus fungsi �OH baru dan pada 1500 � 945 nm terbentuk ikatan bending antara gugus fungsi �OH dengan �NH3. Hasil SEM menunjukkan terbentuk agglomerasi dengan bertambahnya konsentrasi LiOH pada larutan. Terjadi distribusi partikel homogen di permukaan membran. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya pengaruh penambahan LiOH pada pembentukan membran yang menghasilkan ikatan antar atom yang semakin renggang/tidak stabil dan bahan yang semakin konduktif.

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4

Li, Jun, Tao Zeng, Noriyuki Kobayashi, Haotai Xu, Yu Bai, Lisheng Deng, Zhaohong He, and Hongyu Huang. "Lithium Hydroxide Reaction for Low Temperature Chemical Heat Storage: Hydration and Dehydration Reaction." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 30, 2019): 3741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193741.

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As a key parameter of a chemical heat storage material, the hydration and dehydration reaction characteristics of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) at pure vapor condition is unclear. In this study, we focused on the hydration reaction and dehydration process of LiOH at the pure vapor condition. The pressure–temperature diagram of LiOH equilibrium was measured. The hydration and dehydration of LiOH at various conditions have been experimentally investigated. The results show that the steam diffusion can be greatly enhanced at vacuum condition. A thin layer of LiOH is uniformly dispersed in the reactor, which can greatly increase the heat transfer between the LiOH material and reactor, leading to a higher hydration reaction rate of LiOH. Furthermore, the steam pressure, reaction temperature, and the particle size of LiOH can greatly influence the hydration reaction. A maximum hydration reaction rate of 80% is obtained under the conditions of 47 °C, steam pressure of 9 kPa, and particle size of 32–40 μm. LiOH exhibits a different reaction property at the condition of pure steam without air and below atmospheric pressure. A store and reaction condition of LiOH with isolation of air is recommended when apply LiOH as a heat storage material at low temperature.

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5

Lee, Edmond P. F., and Timothy G. Wright. "Heats of formation of LiOH(X1Σ+) and LiOH+(X2Π): the ionization energy of LiOH." Chemical Physics Letters 352, no. 5-6 (February 2002): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01494-4.

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6

Cho, Young Min, Young Min Yang, Duck Shin Park, Soon Bark Kwon, Woo Sung Jung, and Ju Yeol Lee. "Study on CO₂ Adsorption on LiOH-Modified Al₂O₃." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.342.

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LiOH is known to be one of the most efficient CO2adsorbent because it reacts with CO2to form Li2CO3. However, LiOH still suffers from lack of enough hardness for practical use. In this study, various substrates, were modified with LiOH. Their X-ray diffraction patterns were investigated, and LiOH peak was observed from all prepared samples. CO2adsorption capacity of each prepared sample was measured by monitoring CO2concentration change during the adsorption process under constant CO2gas inflow condition. LiOH-modified Al2O3and zeolite 5A showed good CO2adsorption performance, while LiOH-modified AC and SiO2showed relatively poor CO2adsorption. Al2O3and zeolite 5A contains many basic functional groups of Al3+, which promote the neutralization reaction with acidic CO2. The effect of carrier gas, carrier gas flow rate, initial CO2concentration, and amount of LiOH-modified Al2O3loading was investigated. CO2 adsorption performance was better when the carrier gas was N2, because O2competes with CO2on LiOH. CO2adsorption performance was better with lower carrier gas flow rate, lower initial CO2concentration, and less loading of adsorbent due to the increase of contact time and contact points.

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7

González, Alonso, Mario Grágeda, Adrián Quispe, Svetlana Ushak, Philippe Sistat, and Marc Cretin. "Application and Analysis of Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis for LiOH Production at High Electrolyte Concentrations: Current Scope and Challenges." Membranes 11, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080575.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate obtaining LiOH directly from brines with high LiCl concentrations using bipolar membrane electrodialysis by the analysis of Li+ ion transport phenomena. For this purpose, Neosepta BP and Fumasep FBM bipolar membranes were characterized by linear sweep voltammetry, and the Li+ transport number in cation-exchange membranes was determined. In addition, a laboratory-scale reactor was designed, constructed, and tested to develop experimental LiOH production tests. The selected LiCl concentration range, based on productive process concentrations for Salar de Atacama (Chile), was between 14 and 34 wt%. Concentration and current density effects on LiOH production, current efficiency, and specific electricity consumption were evaluated. The highest current efficiency obtained was 0.77 at initial concentrations of LiOH 0.5 wt% and LiCl 14 wt%. On the other hand, a concentrated LiOH solution (between 3.34 wt% and 4.35 wt%, with a solution purity between 96.0% and 95.4%, respectively) was obtained. The results of this work show the feasibility of LiOH production from concentrated brines by means of bipolar membrane electrodialysis, bringing the implementation of this technology closer to LiOH production on a larger scale. Moreover, being an electrochemical process, this could be driven by Solar PV, taking advantage of the high solar radiation conditions in the Atacama Desert in Chile.

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8

Kim, Seon Hye, Kook Jae Lee, Kwang Bo Shim, and Chang Sam Kim. "Oxidation State of Manganese in LiMn₂O₄ Powders and Its Effect on Electrochemical Properties." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 1473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.1473.

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Lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4) powders for lithium ion batteries were synthesized from two separate raw material pairs, LiOH/MnO and LiOH/MnO2. The prepared powders and their electrochemical properties were investigated. Powders calcined at 780°C were composed of a single-phase spinel structure but those treated at 850°C showed a higher intensity ratio of I400 to I311, a slightly larger lattice parameter, and an increased discharge capacity by 10% under 3.0~4.3V voltage range. The XPS study on the oxidation states of manganese repealed that powders made from LiOH/MnO had less Mn3+ ion and gave better battery performances than those from LiOH/MnO2.

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9

Xie, Jianli, Jiayuan Hu, Jundong Lu, and Xinmin Li. "Inhibiters replacement of chilled water system in nuclear unit." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 64, no. 4 (June 5, 2017): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-02-2016-1647.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to study the corrosion control of B10 copper-nickel alloy using the LiOH-N2H4 compound inhibitors and to evaluate the feasibility of replacing the original inhibitors (NaNO2-Na2MoO4) with the new ones (LiOH-N2H4) for the chilled water system in a nuclear unit. Design/methodology/approach The corrosion resistance performance of B10 copper-nickel alloy was evaluated during the whole replacement process of inhibiters using electrochemical tests and surface analysis techniques. Findings The results indicated that the corrosion of B10 copper-nickel alloy could be prevented effectively using LiOH to increase the pH value of solution higher than 10.0 and using N2H4 to consume dissolved oxygen. During the replacement process of inhibitors from NaNO2-Na2MoO4 to LiOH-N2H4, the corrosion resistance performance of B10 copper-nickel alloy had not decreased greatly. The new LiOH-N2H4 inhibitor, which could enhance the compactness of rust, was able to reduce the corrosion rate of rusted B10 metal. Originality/value It is feasible and operable to replace the NaNO2-Na2MoO4 inhibitors with the LiOH-N2H4 inhibitors for the corrosion prevention of B10 copper-nickel alloy. The research results can provide guidelines for the inhibitor selection of chilled water system in a nuclear unit.

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10

Kubota, Mitushiro, Satoshi Matsumoto, Hitoki Matsuda, Hong Yu Huang, Zhao Hong He, and Xi Xian Yang. "Chemical Heat Storage with LiOH/LiOH·H₂O Reaction for Low-Temperature Heat below 373 K." Advanced Materials Research 953-954 (June 2014): 757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.953-954.757.

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There is a great demand on promotion of heat utilization below 373 K to establish highly-efficient energy system, because such heat is enormously unused and discharged from every process. Towards this demand, we have focused on chemical heat storage due to its high heat storage density. In this study, the promising inorganic hydrates were investigated for low-temperature heat storage with the differential scanning calorimetry. Consequently, it is found that lithium hydroxide monohydrate dehydrates at 337 K with endothermic heat of 1,440 kJ/kg-LiOH・H2O. Due to its high storage density and the simplicity of dehydration reaction, LiOH/LiOH・H2O reaction was chose as the most promising reaction for chemical heat storage below 373 K. From the chemical equilibrium calculation, this reaction system is found to be more suitable for chemical heat storage than chemical heat pump. Fundamental study of dehydration behavior of LiOH・H2O was also performed with a thermogravimetric analyzer, and the apparent activation energy of dehydration of LiOH・H2O was determined to be 51.7 kJ/mol in the conversion ranges of 0.4-0.7.

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11

Aji, M. P., Rahmawati, Masturi, S. Bijaksana, Khairurrijal, and M. Abdullah. "Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Polymer Electrolyte (PVA:LiOH) Containing In Situ Dispersed Fe3O4 Nanoparticles." ISRN Materials Science 2012 (February 29, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/795613.

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Nanocomposite magnetic polymer electrolytes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) complexed with lithium hydroxide (LiOH) and containing magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles were prepared using an in situ method, in which the nanoparticles were grown in the host polymer electrolyte. Ion carriers were formed during nanoparticle growth from the previously added LiOH precursor. If a high concentration of LiOH was added, the remaining unreacted LiOH was distributed in the form of an amorphous complex around the Fe3O4 nanoparticles, thus preventing agglomeration of the nanoparticles by the host polymer. By addition of Fe3O4 the composite polymer electrolytes improved the ionic conductivity, resulting in a maximum conductivity of 1.81×10-3 S⋅cm-1. The magnetic properties of the polymer electrolyte were investigated through magnetic susceptibility studies, and the material was predominantly ferromagnetic.

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12

Dixit, Manish Kumar, and Mrigendra Dubey. "Li+-Induced fluorescent metallogel: a case of ESIPT-CHEF and ICT phenomenon." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 36 (2018): 23762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp04579h.

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A fluorescent metallogel has been synthesized from non-fluorescent ingredients viz. the smallest possible LMW aromatic symmetrical gelator 1 and LiOH, whereas KOH produces a non-fluorescent solution, and regioisomer 2 with LiOH shows an ICT assisted fluorescent precipitate rather than a metallogel.

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13

Liao, Jing Jing, Zhong Bo Yang, Shao Yu Qiu, Zheng Cao Li, and Qian Peng. "Corrosion Behavior and Oxide Films of New Zirconium Cladding Corroded at Different Conditions." Materials Science Forum 944 (January 2019): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.944.480.

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Zirconium alloys are mostly served as the cladding materials in water reactors. Corrosion is one of the concerning problems in zirconium utilization. Transition of corrosion occurs every 2~3 μm in thickness, but its mechanism is not confirmed. To study the influence of water chemistry and the mechanism behind transition, a new type of zirconium cladding was tested for three corrosion conditions: the pure water, LiOH solution, LiOH/H3BO3 solution at 360°C/18.6MPa. For all cases, Zr-0.5Sn-0.15Nb-0.5Fe-0.2V cladding had a lower corrosion rate and a longer transition time than N36 cladding. The corrosion results showed that the corrosion rate was the highest and the transition time was the shortest in LiOH solution. Oxide phase information on the oxidized surface was obtained by Raman study. Tetragonal zirconia, embedded in the surface, was found at the beginning of corrosion. As the corrosion time increased, tetragonal phase stress was almost released and the content of tetragonal phase was also decreased to zero at the transition point. Stable tetragonal phase was found on the samples corroded in pure water. However, in LiOH solution, it was eliminated the quickest. The acceleration of transition in LiOH solution is partly resulted from the fast transformation of tetragonal phase. The reason for the longer transition time in N2 cladding can be directly attributed to the smaller decrease of the tetragonal phase.

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14

Karamanova, Boryana, Antonia Stoyanova, Maria Shipochka, Svetlana Veleva, and Radostina Stoyanova. "Effect of Alkaline-Basic Electrolytes on the Capacitance Performance of Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Materials." Materials 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132941.

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The present work explores in detail the effect of alkaline-basic electrolytes on the capacitance performance of biomass-derived carbonaceous materials used as electrodes in symmetric supercapacitors. The proof-of-concept is demonstrated by two commercial carbon products (YP-50F and YP-80F, Kuraray Europe GmbH, Vantaa, Finland), obtained from coconuts. The capacitance performance of YP-50F and YP-80F was evaluated in three types of basic electrolytes: 6 M LiOH, 6 M NaOH and 6 M KOH. It was found that the capacitance performance of YP-50F improved in the following order: NaOH < LiOH < KOH; Meanwhile, for YP-80F, the order changes to LiOH < NaOH < KOH. After 1000 cycles, the cycling stability of both YP-50F and YP-80F increased in the order NaOH < LiOH < KOH. This order of performance improvement is determined by both the electrolyte conductivity and the interaction between the functional groups of carbonaceous materials and alkaline electrolytes. The reactivity of the functional groups was assessed by postmortem SEM/EDS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the electrodes after prolonged cycling.

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15

Zhang, Wanfa, Xu Chen, Jiefeng Pan, Congjie Gao, and Jiangnan Shen. "Preparation and characterization of the tolerance to acid/alkaline and anti-oil-fouling of regenerated cellulose membranes for oil–water separation." RSC Advances 6, no. 115 (2016): 114750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18766h.

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Novel regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes were fabricated from five non-derivative solvents (NaOH/urea/H₂O, NaOH/thiourea/H₂O, LiOH/urea/H₂O, NaOH/urea/thiourea/H₂O and LiOH/urea/thiourea/H₂O) for oil–water separation.

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16

Pratiwi, Diana Eka. "Sintesis Membran Elektrolit Padat Berbahan Dasar Kitosan." Sainsmat : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam 7, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35580/sainsmat7273612018.

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Kemajuan pesat teknologi menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan baterai, salah satunya baterai ion litium. Baterai litium memiliki cairan elektrolit yang mudah terbakar bila mengalami kebocoran elektrolit dan logam lithium dalam baterai akan bereaksi dengan air, sehingga memproduksi gas hidrogen yang eksplosif. Saat ini elektrolit bermatriks padatan sebagai elektrolit baterai telah banyak dikembangkan. Kitosan merupakan salah satu jenis polimer alam yang berpotensi sebagai bahan elektrolit padat. Penambahan kation dengan massa atom rendah seperti ion litium (Li+) di dalam membran polimer memungkinkan suatu proses transfer muatan yang efisien.. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mensintesis membran elektrolit padat berbahan dasar kitosan. Sampel kitosan yang digunakan merupakan kitosan yang memiliki derajat deasetilasi sebesar 98 %. Membran elektrolit kitosan- LiOH disintesis menggunakan metode blending dengan perbandingan konsentrasi kitosan-LiOH sebesar (100:0), (95;5), (90:10), (85:15), dan (84:16)% b/b. Membran yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi warna dan ketebalannya, diukur konduktivitasnya menggunakan alat LCR meter, dan dianalisis derajat kristalinitasnya dengan alat X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh membran kitosan-LiOH berwarna kuning jernih dengan ketebalan rata-rata sebesar 0,1 mm, dengan konduktivitas tertinggi diperoleh pada perbandingan konsentrasi kitosan-LiOH sebesar (85:15) % b/b.

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17

Ayoub, Muhammad, and Ahmad Zuhairi Abdullah. "Effect of Magnesium Coating Prior to Lithium Loading over SBA-15 for Stabilization of its Mesostructure." Advanced Materials Research 917 (June 2014): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.917.3.

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Mesoporous material SBA-15 was synthesized using P123 and TEMOS as the templates. Lithium in the form of LiOH was loaded over a previously prepared SBA-15. The basic strength of the prepared samples of SBA-15 was found to increase but the mesoporous structure was severely destroyed. The mesoporous structure of the prepared SBA-15 was retained after coating it with 30 wt. % magnesium prior to LiOH loading. The stability of mesoporous structure was strongly influenced by the extent of magnesium coating. It was also noted that this structure was also affected by LiOH loading and significantly destroyed structure when magnesium coating value exceeded 20 %. These samples were thoroughly characterized for their surface area, pore volume, pore size, basic strength, SAXRD patterns and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis.

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18

Zhang, Xilian, Shanshan Luo, Xiaodan Wu, Minghui Feng, Yingying Li, Haoyun Han, and Wenkui Li. "Effect of alkali bases on the synthesis of ZnO quantum dots." Open Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0027.

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Abstract The surface-modified zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) have broad application prospects in the field of biomedicine because of their good water solubility, dispersibility, and high fluorescence stability. The alkali bases play important roles in controlling the morphology, size distribution, dispersity, and fluorescence intensity of the synthesized ZnO QDs. In this article, ZnO QDs were synthesized to induce hydrolysis–condensation reaction. The influences of alkali bases (LiOH, NaOH, and KOH) and the ratio of n(Zn2+):n(OH−) on the properties of synthesized ZnO QDs were investigated. The results show that the particle size of the ZnO QDs prepared using LiOH and NaOH as raw materials are smaller than that using KOH. ZnO QDs prepared at the ratio of n(Zn2+):n(LiOH) = 1:1 have the best fluorescence performance and dispersibility.

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19

Manickam, Minakshi, Pritam Singh, Touma B. Issa, Stephen Thurgate, and Kathryn Prince. "Electrochemical Behavior of LiFePO₄ in Aqueous Lithium Hydroxide Electrolyte." Key Engineering Materials 320 (September 2006): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.320.271.

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The electrochemistry of olivine-type iron phosphate (FePO4) as a battery cathode material, in aqueous lithium hydroxide (LiOH), has been investigated. The material forms intercalated LiFePO4 reversibly on electroreduction/oxidation. The formation of Fe3O4 phase, in addition to the regeneration of FePO4 during reverse oxidation of LiFePO4, also occurs. In this regard, the mechanism of FePO4 discharge/charge in aqueous LiOH differs from that in non-aqueous solvents.

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20

Gunnarsson, Maria, Merima Hasani, and Diana Bernin. "The potential of magnetisation transfer NMR to monitor the dissolution process of cellulose in cold alkali." Cellulose 26, no. 18 (September 12, 2019): 9403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02728-y.

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Abstract Cellulose is the most important biopolymer on earth and, when derived from e.g. wood, a promising alternative to for example cotton, which exhibits a large environmental burden. The replacement depends, however, on an efficient dissolution process of cellulose. Cold aqueous alkali systems are attractive but these solvents have peculiarities, which might be overcome by understanding the acting mechanisms. Proposed dissolution mechanisms are for example the breakage of hydrophobic interactions and partly deprotonation of the cellulose hydroxyl groups. Here, we performed a mechanistic study using equimolar aqueous solutions of LiOH, NaOH and KOH to elucidate the dissolution process of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The pH was the highest for KOH(aq) followed by NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq). We used a combination of conventional and advanced solution-state NMR methods to monitor the dissolution process of MCC by solely increasing the temperature from − 10 to 5 °C. KOH(aq) dissolved roughly 25% of the maximum amount of MCC while NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq) dissolved up to 70%. Water motions on nanoscale timescales present in non-frozen water, remained unaffected on the addition of MCC. Magnetisation transfer (MT) NMR experiments monitored the semi-rigid MCC as a function of temperature. Interestingly, although NaOH(aq) and LiOH(aq) were able to dissolve a similar amount at 5 °C, MT spectra revealed differences with increasing temperature, suggesting a difference in the swollen state of MCC in LiOH(aq) already at − 10 °C. Furthermore, MT NMR shows a great potential to study the water exchange dynamics with the swollen and semi-rigid MCC fraction in these systems, which might give valuable insights into the dissolution mechanism in cold alkali.

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21

Joo, Soyeong, Hyun-Woo Shim, Jin-Ju Choi, Chan-Gi Lee, and Dae-Guen Kim. "A Method of Synthesizing Lithium Hydroxide Nanoparticles Using Lithium Sulfate from Spent Batteries by 2-Step Precipitation Method." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.4.286.

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In this work, LiOH was synthesized using highly soluble Li2SO4. To enhance efficiency, this synthesis was performed using the precipitation method, and the correlation between each experimental condition and the synthesis of LiOH was investigated. The particle size and crystalline properties were tailored by controlling various experimental conditions, including the mole ratio of [Li]/[OH](Li: lithium sulfate, OH: barium hydroxide), reaction temperature, and reaction time. First, precursors with a ratio of 1:0.5 were reacted for 60 min at a solution temperature of 40 oC and filtered to remove precipitates. For the double reaction, half the hydroxyl precursor was added to the filtered solution and reacted under the same conditions. Using two-step precipitation, we were able to synthesize powder with a pure LiOH phase, a particle mean size of 100 nm, and purity over 99%.

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22

Zilberman, P. "The CO2 Absorber Based on LiOH." Acta Medica Marisiensis 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amma-2015-0023.

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AbstractCarbon dioxide absorbers have been used in anesthesiology for many years. However, this process is not limited to this field of medicine. Removing carbon dioxide from human environment is used in other areas as well: mining industry, submarines, scuba diving, space travel and many others. The rationale to remove carbon dioxide from confined spaces is that cannot be eliminated otherwise. Anesthesia practitioners are well aware of this component of the circle system, the carbon dioxide absorber. In daily practice the clinician is less concerned with what kind of substance fills the dedicated canister, as this is usually in the care of the maintenance personnel. The appearance of Sevoflurane and Desflurane, with their own chemical characteristics, prompted the clinician to dedicate new attention to these absorbents. The classical substances used for this purpose are different combinations of limes. The practical concern of the anesthesiologist is to notice when the absorbent is consumed and call for its replacement. Still, many other aspects remain: compound A formation with Sevoflurane, carbon monoxide formation with Desflurane and dry absorbent for instance. The latest member of these products in the medical field is the LiOH carbon dioxide absorbent. Although used for many years in the space exploration, its way into the operating room is a rather recent achievement. Special chemical properties and high absorptive capacity make this new type of absorbent an attractive option for modern anesthesia practice. The article below invites the reader through a short journey on the history of the CO2 absorbents and anesthesia circuits, Lithiumas a chemical element and, finally, to this new type of absorbent.

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23

Hermann, Andreas, N. W. Ashcroft, and Roald Hoffmann. "Lithium hydroxide, LiOH, at elevated densities." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 2 (July 14, 2014): 024505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4886335.

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24

Monnin, Christophe, and Michel Dubois. "Thermodynamics of the LiOH + H2O System." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 50, no. 4 (July 2005): 1109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je0495482.

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25

Laude, Thomas, Takehisa Kobayashi, and Yuzuru Sato. "Electrolysis of LiOH for hydrogen supply." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35, no. 2 (January 2010): 585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.11.028.

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26

Lambert, Christoph, Frank Hampel, Paul von RagéSchleyer, Matthew G. Davidson, and Ronald Snaith. "The first solid-state structure of a mixed-anion ROLi/LiOH compound: (tBuOLi)10 · (LiOH)6." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 487, no. 1-2 (February 1995): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-328x(94)05090-x.

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27

Noerochim, Lukman, Wahyu Caesarendra, Abdulloh Habib, Widyastuti, Suwarno, Yatim Lailun Ni’mah, Achmad Subhan, Bambang Prihandoko, and Buyung Kosasih. "Role of TiO2 Phase Composition Tuned by LiOH on The Electrochemical Performance of Dual-Phase Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 Microrod as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Battery." Energies 13, no. 20 (October 9, 2020): 5251. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13205251.

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In this study, a dual-phase Li4Ti5O12-TiO2 microrod was successfully prepared using a modified hydrothermal method and calcination process. The stoichiometry of LiOH as precursor was varied at mol ratio of 0.9, 1.1, and 1.3, to obtain the appropriate phase composition between TiO2 and Li4Ti5O12. Results show that TiO2 content has an important role in increasing the specific capacity of electrodes. The refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns by Rietveld analysis confirm that increasing the LiOH stoichiometry suppresses the TiO2 phase. In the scanning electron microscopy images, the microrod morphology was formed after calcination with diameter sizes ranging from 142.34 to 260.62 nm and microrod lengths ranging from 5.03–7.37 μm. The 0.9 LiOH sample shows a prominent electrochemical performance with the largest specific capacity of 162.72 mAh/g and 98.75% retention capacity achieved at a rate capability test of 1 C. This finding can be attributed to the appropriate amount of TiO2 that induced the smaller crystallite size, and lower charge transfer resistance, enhancing the lithium-ion insertion/extraction process and faster diffusion kinetics.

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Zheng, Wen Li, and Wei Yang. "Effect of Different Mineralizers on Luminescence Characteristic of ZnO Crystals by Hydrothermal Method." Advanced Materials Research 848 (November 2013): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.848.302.

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A comparative study worked on crystal morphology and luminescence characteristic by hydrothermal method with mineralizer of 3 mol /L KOH, fill factor of 35%, under the condition of three kinds of mineralizers which included 3 mol /L KOH in sample 1, 3 mol /L KOH and 1 mol /L LiOH in sample 2, 3 mol /L KOH and CaO: Zn ( OH) 2 = 2% (amount of substance percentage). Nonpolar ZnO crystals were synthesized by adding proper proportion of CaO or LiOH,the speed of growth along c-axic was weakened obviously. The obtained ZnO crystals exposed more areas on the positive polar face c { 0001}. meanwhile,it exposed negative polar-c {000},positive pyramidal face + p { 101},negative pyramidal face-p {10} and hexagonal faces m {1010}. Only KOH or LiOH auxiliarily added,the emission spectrum was only visible light,no UV light from band edge transition, indicating that the crystal defects luminous center are numerous. A strong UV band emitting from band edge transition was in luminescent spectrumn of the prepared crystals by adding CaO,which indicated a decrease in defects luminous center.

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29

Knipping, E., C. Aucher, G. Guirado, F. Fauth, and L. Aubouy. "In operando X-ray diffraction of lithium–oxygen batteries using an ionic liquid as an electrolyte co-solvent." New Journal of Chemistry 41, no. 15 (2017): 7267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nj01027c.

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30

Nie, Jingyi, Zhengke Wang, Jiazhen Zhang, Ling Yang, Yichuan Pang, and Qiaoling Hu. "High strength chitosan rod prepared via LiOH/urea solvent through centrifugation induced orientation processing." RSC Advances 5, no. 83 (2015): 68243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07929b.

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31

Xie, Shijing, Bangxin Zhou, Xue Liang, Qiang Li, Wenqing Liu, Meiyi Yao, and Jinlong Zhang. "The Distribution of Li Ions in the Oxide Film Formed on Zircaloy-4 Corroded in Lithiated Water at 633 K." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 15, 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040873.

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), second ion mass spectrum (SIMS) and atom probe tomography (APT) techniques are used to study the Li ion distribution in the oxide formed on the rolling surface (SN) of Zircaloy-4 corroded in lithiated water with 0.01 M LiOH at 633 K/18.6 MPa. The results showed that the Li ions segregated in the grain boundaries and subgrain boundaries in the oxide film, but nearly no Li ions were found in the oxide around the interface between the oxide and matrix. Finally, we discussed the mechanism of the LiOH influence on the corrosion resistance of Zircaloy-4.

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32

Li, Jianjun, Yuyu Zheng, Xuesong Liu, Guihua Li, Xiaoyan Yu, Yue Wang, Hejun Li, et al. "Thermal Process of Rock Crystal: Cause of Infrared Absorption Band at 3585 cm−1." Crystals 11, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 1083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11091083.

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Synthetic rock crystals often show a typical infrared (IR) absorption band at 3585 cm−1. However, the authors recently found this band in a natural rock crystal with blue coating. The origin of this IR band is controversial as yet. In this paper, the infrared spectra of several natural and synthetic rock crystal samples which were heated to 673 K and 1073 K were measured after these samples returned to room temperature. Comparing the infrared spectra of samples before and after heating, we found the absorption band at 3585 cm−1 was induced by the thermal process, which indicates that this band cannot be used as diagnostic evidence for synthetic rock crystal alone. In addition, the LiOH bands decreased while AlOH bands increased upon thermal processing. And the negative correlation between the LiOH bands and the 3585 cm−1 band was also distinct. The above results reveal that the thermal process destroyed the LiOH defects, leading to the formation of a new AlLi defect. And the isolated OH− defect inside dislocations generated upon thermal processing is considered to be the exact cause of the 3585 cm−1 band.

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33

Tułodziecki, Michał, Graham M. Leverick, Chibueze V. Amanchukwu, Yu Katayama, David G. Kwabi, Fanny Bardé, Paula T. Hammond, and Yang Shao-Horn. "The role of iodide in the formation of lithium hydroxide in lithium–oxygen batteries." Energy & Environmental Science 10, no. 8 (2017): 1828–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ee00954b.

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34

Hu, Zhi Qiang, Dong Xue Yang, Ke Jian Yin, Jing Xiao Liu, Fei Li, Wen Yuan Gao, Ying Qin, and Hua Liu. "The Effect of Lithium Source on the Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO₄/C Cathode Materials Synthesized by Sol-Gel Method." Advanced Materials Research 669 (March 2013): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.311.

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LiFePO4/C cathode materials were synthesized by Sol-gel method under the same process conditions using different water-soluble lithium source (LiOH, Li2CO3, LiNO3). The phase of synthesized powders were characterized by XRD; and the electrochemical performance of the material was investigated by measurements of cyclic voltammetry, AC impedance measurements, charge and discharge. The results show that the synthesized LiFePO4/C using LiOH as the lithium source has high electrochemical reversibility and low internal impedance. The specific discharge capacity is 147.5mAh/g under the discharge at 0.2C rate. It also has high stability of cycle capacity, and almost no attenuation after 30 cycles. So it has the excellent electrochemical performance.

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35

Pu, Wei Hua, Xiang Ming He, Guo Yun Zhang, Chang Yin Jiang, Chun Rong Wan, and Shi Chao Zhang. "Preparation of Spherical Spinel LiMn₂O₄ Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.477.

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A novel process was proposed for preparing spinel LiMn2O4 with spherical particles from cheap materials of MnSO4, NaOH, NH3•H2O and LiOH. Its successful preparation started with a carefully controlled crystallization of Mn3O4, leading to the spherical shape of its particles and a high tap density. The mixture of Mn3O4 and LiOH was sintered to produce LiMn2O4 with spherical particle size retention. The spherical particles of spinel LiMn2O4 were of excellent fluidity and dispersivity, and had tap density as high as 2.14 g cm-3 and the initial discharge capacity reaching 128 mAh g-1. Its 15th cycle capacity kept to be 125 mAh g-1.

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36

Schäfer, Helmut, Karsten Küpper, Mercedes Schmidt, Klaus Müller-Buschbaum, Johannes Stangl, Diemo Daum, Martin Steinhart, et al. "Steel-based electrocatalysts for efficient and durable oxygen evolution in acidic media." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 8 (2018): 2104–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cy02194a.

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37

Gierszewski, P. J., P. A. Finn, and D. W. Kirk. "Properties of LiOH and LiNO3 aqueous solutions." Fusion Engineering and Design 13, no. 1 (August 1990): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(90)90033-3.

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38

DESHPANDE, V., F. RAGHUWANSHI, and K. SINGH. "Electrical conductivity of the Li2SO4LiOH system." Solid State Ionics 18-19 (January 1986): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2738(86)90145-1.

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39

Huang, Zhimei, Jintao Meng, Meilan Xie, Yue Shen, and Yunhui Huang. "A pretreatment method to form high-quality LiF-enriched solid-electrolyte interfaces for Li anode protection in Li–O2 batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8, no. 28 (2020): 14198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ta05147k.

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40

Peng, Si-Han, Hsin-Chun Lu, and Shingjiang Jessie Lue. "Formation of Nanocrystalline Cobalt Oxide-Decorated Graphene for Secondary Lithium-Air Battery and Its Catalytic Performance in Concentrated Alkaline Solutions." Nanomaterials 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10061122.

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A potent cathode catalyst of octahedral cobalt oxide (Co3O4) was synthesized onto graphene (GR) nanosheets via a two-step preparation method. The precursor cobalt solution reacted with GR during the initial hydrolysis step to form intermediates. A subsequent hydrothermal reaction promoted Co3O4 crystallinity with a crystalline size of 73 nm, resulting in octahedral particles of 100–300 nm in size. Scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful formation of the Co3O4/GR composite. This catalyst composite was sprayed onto a carbon cloth to form a cathode for the hybrid electrolyte lithium-air battery (HELAB). This catalyst demonstrated improved oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution capabilities. The HELAB containing this catalyst showed a higher discharge voltage and stable charge voltage, resulting in a 34% reduction in overall over-potential compared to that without the Co3O4/GR composite. The use of saturated LiOH in 11.6 M LiCl aqueous electrolyte at the cathode further reduced the over-potential by 0.5 V. It is proposed that the suppressed dissociation of LiOH expedites the charging reaction from un-dissociated LiOH. This Co3O4/GR composite is a promising bi-functional catalyst, suitable as a cathode material for a HELAB operating in high relative humidity and highly alkaline environment.

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41

Dai, Peng, Gaofeng Zha, Xiaoyan Lai, Wei Liu, Qianwen Gan, and Yongcun Shen. "Inorganic base catalyzed synthesis of (2-amino-3-cyano-4H-chromene-4-yl) phosphonate derivatives via multi-component reaction under mild and efficient conditions." RSC Adv. 4, no. 108 (2014): 63420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra09359c.

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Various phosphonate derivatives were synthesized in good to excellent yields by condensation of substituted salicylaldehydes, malononitrile and phosphites using anhydrous LiOH as a catalyst under mild conditions.

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42

Hu, Xiaoshi, Shuyan Xiang, Hao Sun, Xiaobing Lou, Qinqin Xiong, Xiaoxiao Lu, Haiying Qin, Zhenguo Ji, and Bingwen Hu. "Low-temperature pseudomorphic transformation of polyhedral MIL-88A to lithium ferrite (LiFe3O5) in aqueous LiOH medium toward high Li storage." Nanoscale 11, no. 24 (2019): 11892–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr03006a.

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43

Houlihan, Joanna C. C., Stephen C. Moratti, and Lyall R. Hanton. "Formation of a robust, double-walled LiMOF from an L-shaped di-substituted N-heterocyclic adamantane-based ligand." Dalton Transactions 49, no. 34 (2020): 12009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0dt02437f.

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44

Liu, Shuzhi, Xin Li, Baochen Cui, Xianjun Liu, Yulan Hao, Qi Guo, Peiqiang Xu, and Stuart Licht. "Critical advances for the iron molten air battery: a new lowest temperature, rechargeable, ternary electrolyte domain." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 42 (2015): 21039–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06069a.

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45

Li, Shuiping, Qisheng Wu, Chun Zhang, Huajun Zhu, Changsen Zhang, Xin Wang, and Cancan Kong. "Synthesis of LiNiO2 by two-step solid-state method." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 1 (May 18, 2018): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2018-0015.

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AbstractLiNiO2 was prepared through two-step solid-state reaction by mechanochemical method and heat treatment, using LiOH (Li2CO3) and Ni(OH)2 as starting materials. The influence of grinding speed and time, heat treatment time, and starting materials on the structure of LiNiO2 was studied. The as-milled samples and products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that uniform as-milled samples can be obtained at grinding speed of 580 rpm for 0.5 h, using LiOH and Ni(OH)2 as raw materials. Perfect crystal LiNiO2 has been prepared by calcining the as-milled samples at 700 °C for 15 h. Composite material powders consisting of Li2Ni8O10 and LiNiO2 have been obtained using Li2CO3 as lithium source.

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46

Jin, Qingxian, Jing Li, Li Zhang, Shaoming Fang, and Minghua Liu. "Reactive organogels based on isoxazole esters: alkali metal ions selective gelation and crystallization." CrystEngComm 17, no. 42 (2015): 8058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ce00826c.

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A methanol solution of a series of simple esters exhibited a response to different alkali bases, which formed solutions, organogels and crystals, respectively, when LiOH, NaOH and KOH were separately introduced.

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47

Guan, Jian, Xiang Chen, Tao Wei, Fupin Liu, Song Wang, Qing Yang, Yalin Lu, and Shangfeng Yang. "Directly bonded hybrid of graphene nanoplatelets and fullerene: facile solid-state mechanochemical synthesis and application as carbon-based electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 8 (2015): 4139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ta05456c.

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48

Paulraj, Alagar, Yohannes Kiros, Mylad Chamoun, Henrik Svengren, Dag Noréus, Mats Göthelid, Björn Skårman, Hilmar Vidarsson, and Malin Johansson. "Electrochemical Performance and in Operando Charge Efficiency Measurements of Cu/Sn-Doped Nano Iron Electrodes." Batteries 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010001.

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Fe-air or Ni-Fe cells can offer low-cost and large-scale sustainable energy storage. At present, they are limited by low coulombic efficiency, low active material use, and poor rate capability. To overcome these challenges, two types of nanostructured doped iron materials were investigated: (1) copper and tin doped iron (CuSn); and (2) tin doped iron (Sn). Single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was added to the electrode and LiOH to the electrolyte. In the 2 wt. % Cu + 2 wt. % Sn sample, the addition of SWCNT increased the discharge capacity from 430 to 475 mAh g−1, and charge efficiency increased from 83% to 93.5%. With the addition of both SWCNT and LiOH, the charge efficiency and discharge capacity improved to 91% and 603 mAh g−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the 4 wt. % Sn substituted sample performance is not on par with the 2 wt. % Cu + 2 wt. % Sn sample. The dopant elements (Cu and Sn) and additives (SWCNT and LiOH) have a major impact on the electrode performance. To understand the relation between hydrogen evolution and charge current density, we have used in operando charging measurements combined with mass spectrometry to quantify the evolved hydrogen. The electrodes that were subjected to prolonged overcharge upon hydrogen evolution failed rapidly. This insight could help in the development of better charging schemes for the iron electrodes.

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49

Pandey, Vinay Kumar, Manish Kumar Dixit, Sébastien Manneville, Christophe Bucher, and Mrigendra Dubey. "A multi-stimuli responsive conductive sonometallogel: a mechanistic insight into the role of ultrasound in gelation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 13 (2017): 6211–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta00854f.

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We report here the synthesis of an ultrasound induced multi-responsive, fluorescent, conductive metallogel based on a non-fluorescent citric acid derived ligand (1), LiOH and Cd(OAc)₂ in DMF.

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50

Zhao, Li Zhu, and Gang Chen. "Structure Study of Nanocrystalline O-LiMnO₂." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.42.

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The nanocrystalline orthorhombic LiMnO2 was successfully synthesized with the raw materials of MnO2, Mn (CH3COO)2 and LiOH by hydrothermal synthesis method, which has the properties of small size, less stacking faults and single phase. High resolution electron microscopy images show that along the b axis of the orthogonal LiMnO2, MnO6 and LiO6 octahedron arrange alternately and regularly. The orthorhombic LiMnO2 is proved to be p-type semiconductor by the Hall test. XPS tests indicate that the trivalent Mn in the o-LiMnO2 is in the high-spin state. And the magnetic study shows that there is reentrant spin glass behavior in o-LiMnO2. The contrast study of Raman spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility shows that the characteristic mode softening of structural phase transition corresponds to the magnetic phase transition temperature, indicating a possible interaction between phonons and spin.

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