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Journal articles on the topic 'Linoleate'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Chen, Zhen-Yu, Chantale R. Menard, and Stephen C. Cunnane. "Accumulation of polyunsaturates is decreased by weight-cycling: whole-body analysis in young, growing rats." British Journal of Nutrition 75, no. 4 (April 1996): 583–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960161.

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Whole-body fatty acid analysis in rats has previously shown that 50–70% of dietary linoleate and α-linolenate is β-oxidized to CO2 and that this value increases with refeeding after a single episode of fasting. Our hypothesis was that repeated fasting-refeeding or weight-cycling would increase the β-oxidation of linoleate and α-linolenate thereby depleting their whole-body levels. In rats consuming 3% energy as linoleate and 0·15 % energy as α-linolenate during a 16 d balance period, 19% of the linoleate consumed accumulated in weight-cycled rats compared with 34% in the free-fed controls (P &

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2

Stymne, S., та A. K. Stobart. "Biosynthesis of γ-linolenic acid in cotyledons and microsomal preparations of the developing seeds of common borage (Borago officinalis)". Biochemical Journal 240, № 2 (1 грудня 1986): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2400385.

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The developing seeds of Borago officinalis (common borage) accumulate a triacylglycerol oil that is relatively rich in the uncommon fatty acid gamma-linolenate (octadec-6,9,12-trienoic acid). Incubation of developing, whole, cotyledons with [14C]oleate and [14C]linoleate showed that the gamma-linolenate was synthesized by the sequential desaturation of oleate—linoleate—gamma-linolenate. Microsomal membrane preparations from the developing cotyledons contained an active delta 6-desaturase enzyme that catalysed the conversion of linoleate into gamma-linolenate. Experiments were designed to manip

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3

Chen, Z. Y., C. R. Menard, and S. C. Cunnane. "Moderate, selective depletion of linoleate and alpha-linolenate in weight-cycled rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): R498—R505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.2.r498.

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In rats, the response of adipose tissue composition to a single weight cycle (24-48 h of fasting followed by refeeding) is characterized by a decrease primarily in linoleate and alpha-linolenate, with little or no change in other fatty acids. We tested the hypothesis that during successive weight cycles caused by repeated fasting and refeeding, the depletion of linoleate and alpha-linolenate from whole body stores would be exacerbated despite their adequate availability during the refeeding period. Four complete weight cycles (24-h fasting followed by 72-h ad libitum refeeding) induced a signi

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4

Cunnane, S. C., and J. Yang. "Zinc deficiency impairs whole body accumulation of polyunsaturates and increases the utilization of [1-14C]linoleate for de novo lipid synthesis in pregnant rats." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y95-176.

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Zinc deficiency impairs the metabolism of polyunsaturates, but the degree to which its effects are independent of food intake are still in question. Identical amounts of a semiliquid control diet (26.4 mg zinc/kg) or moderately zinc deficient diet (3.2 mg zinc/kg) were tube fed to rats for 11 days during the second half of pregnancy to evaluate the specific effects of zinc deficiency on maternal utilization and fetal accumulation of polyunsaturates. The whole body fatty acid balance method was used to determine net accumulation of polyunsaturates and their whole-body disappearance. Incorporati

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5

Chen, Z. Y., M. M. Sea, K. Y. Kwan, Y. H. Leung, and P. F. Leung. "Depletion of linoleate induced by weight cycling is independent of extent of calorie restriction." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 272, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): R43—R50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.1.r43.

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Recent epidemiological studies have suggested that weight cycling induced by repeated dieting over time may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is speculated that the increased mortality from coronary heart disease for people with a history of excessive weight cycling could be attributed to change in lipid metabolism. Previous studies have demonstrated that repeated cycling of 100% food restriction followed by ad libitum refeeding caused a depletion of linoleate and alpha-linolenate in rats. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the weight cycling-induc

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6

Cunnane, Stephen C. "The conditional nature of the dietary need for polyunsaturates: a proposal to reclassify ‘essential fatty acids’ as ‘conditionally-indispensable’ or ‘conditionally-dispensable’ fatty acids." British Journal of Nutrition 84, no. 6 (December 2000): 803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114500002415.

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The term essential fatty acid no longer clearly identifies the fatty acids it was originally used to describe. It would be more informative if the concept of essentiality shifted away from the symptoms arising from the lack of de novo synthesis of linoleate or α-linolenate and towards the adequacy of the capacity for synthesis and conservation of both the parent and the derived long-chain polyunsaturates. For instance, despite the existence of the pathway for synthesis of docosahexaenoate from α-linolenate, the former would be more correctly classified as ‘conditionally indispensable’ because

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7

Griffiths, G., A. K. Stobart та S. Stymne. "Δ 6- and Δ12-desaturase activities and phosphatidic acid formation in microsomal preparations from the developing cotyledons of common borage (Borago officinalis)". Biochemical Journal 252, № 3 (15 червня 1988): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2520641.

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Microsomal membrane preparations from the maturing cotyledons of common borage (Borago officinalis) exhibit delta 12- and delta 6-desaturase activities, which resulted in the synthesis of linoleate and gamma-linolenate respectively. The desaturase enzymes utilized the complex lipid substrate phosphatidylcholine. The activity of these enzymes was sufficiently high to allow the monitoring of the mass changes in the endogenous oleate, linoleate and gamma-linolenate in the microsomal phosphatidylcholine in the presence of NADH (i.e. under desaturating conditions). The results illustrate that the d

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8

Awl, R. A., E. N. Frankel, and D. Weisleder. "Synthesis and characterization of triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate." Lipids 24, no. 10 (October 1989): 866–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02535761.

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9

Awl, R. A., E. N. Frankel, and D. Weisleder. "Synthesis and characterization of triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate." Lipids 25, no. 1 (January 1990): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02562432.

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10

Thompson, Alison L., Megan Y. C. Lim-Fraser, Edward W. Kraegen, and Gregory J. Cooney. "Effects of individual fatty acids on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in soleus muscle in vitro." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 279, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): E577—E584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.3.e577.

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Soleus muscle strips from Wistar rats were preincubated with palmitate in vitro before the determination of insulin-mediated glucose metabolism in fatty acid-free medium. Palmitate decreased insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis to 51% of control in a time- (0–6 h) and concentration-dependent (0–2 mM) manner. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose transport/phosphorylation also decreased with time, but the decrease occurred after the effect on glycogen synthesis. Preincubation with 1 mM palmitate, oleate, linoleate, or linolenate for 4 h impaired glycogen synthesis stimulated with a submaximal p

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11

KIKUGAWA, KIYOMI, and KUNITAROU KOGI. "Oxidation products of linoleate and linolenate exposed to nitrogen dioxide." CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 35, no. 1 (1987): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.35.344.

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12

Hirano, Shinya, Kazuo Miyashita, Toru Ota, Masazumi Nishikawa, Kazuki Maruyama, and Suguru Nakayama. "Aqueous Oxidation of Ethyl Linoleate, Ethyl Linolenate, and Ethyl Docosahexaenoate." Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry 61, no. 2 (January 1997): 281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.61.281.

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13

Graham, A., V. A. Zammit, and D. N. Brindley. "Fatty acid specificity for the synthesis of triacylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine and for the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins and lysophosphatidylcholine by cultures of rat hepatocytes." Biochemical Journal 249, no. 3 (February 1, 1988): 727–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2490727.

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1. The synthesis and secretion of glycerolipids by monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes was measured by using radioactive choline, glycerol and fatty acids and by measuring the concentration of triacylglycerols in the cells. 2. The incorporation of glycerol into triacylglycerol and the accumulation of this lipid in hepatocytes showed little specificity for fatty acids, except for eicosapentaenoate, which stimulated least. Oleate was more effective at stimulating triacylglycerol secretion than were palmitate, stearate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate. 3. Linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate

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14

Vicky Ocsandy, R. Marwita Sari Putri, and Jumsurizal. "Characteristics of Paracaudina australis Fatty Acid from Karimun, Riau Islands." Marinade 2, no. 01 (April 30, 2019): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/marinade.v2i01.1256.

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P. australis is one of the marine biota that has not been used optimally, especially in Karimun Regency, Riau Islands. One effort that can be done to increase the added value of Berunok is to conduct research on the characteristics of the proximate content of P. australis. The purpose of this study is to determine the comparison of the proximate composition of two species of P. australis from different sampling locations. Sampling was carried out at Pelawan Beach and Tanjung Melolo from Karimun regency waters, the Riau archipelago. Calculation results of Pelawan Beach Fatty Acid content, Laura

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15

Watkins, Bruce A. "Influences of biotin deficiency and dietary trans-fatty acids on tissue lipids in chickens." British Journal of Nutrition 61, no. 1 (January 1989): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890096.

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1. The combined effects of feeding hydrogenated fats and varying the levels of biotin and linoleate (18:2ω6) on polyunsaturated fatty acids were studied in the chicken.2. Biotin deficiency signs were not exacerbated by feeding hydrogenated fats or by diets low in linoleate for 21 d.3. Biotin deficiency resulted in proportionately higher levels of 18:2ω6 and γ-linolenate (18:3ω6) in liver triglycerides, and lower levels of dihomo-γ-linolenate (20:3ω6) in liver and heart phospholipids irrespective of the 18:2ω6 level in the diet.4. Biotin deficiency did not alter arachidonate (20:4ω6) levels in

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16

GRECHKIN, Alexander N., Lucia S. MUKHTAROVA, and Mats HAMBERG. "The lipoxygenase pathway in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana): detection of the ketol route." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 2 (November 24, 2000): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520501.

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The in vitro metabolism of [1-14C]linoleate, [1-14C]linolenate and their 9(S)-hydroperoxides was studied in cell-free preparations from tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) bulbs, leaves and flowers. Linoleate and its 9-hydroperoxide were converted by bulb and leaf preparations into three ketols: (12Z)-9-hydroxy-10-oxo-12-octadecadienoic acid (α-ketol), (11E)-10-oxo-13-hydroxy-11-octadecadienoic acid (γ-ketol) and a novel compound, (12Z)-10-oxo-11-hydroxy-12-octadecadienoic acid (10,11-ketol), in the approximate molar proportions of 10:3:1. The corresponding 15,16-dehydro α- and γ-ketols were the main me

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17

Huynh, S., H. Oulhaj, J. Bocquet та A. Nouvelot. "Metabolic utilization of linoleate and α-linolenate in cultured Sertoli cells". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Comparative Biochemistry 99, № 2 (січень 1991): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0491(91)90039-g.

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18

Miyashita, K., E. N. Frankel, W. E. Neff, and R. A. Awl. "Autoxidation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. III. Synthetic triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate." Lipids 25, no. 1 (January 1990): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02562427.

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19

Belza, K., M. J. Anderson, M. A. Ryan, and S. C. Cunnane. "Carbon recycling from linoleate during severe dietary linoleate deficiency." Lipids 34, S1 (January 1999): S129—S130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02562260.

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20

Gomez-Muñoz, A., P. Hales, and D. N. Brindley. "Unsaturated fatty acids activate glycogen phosphorylase in cultured rat hepatocytes." Biochemical Journal 276, no. 1 (May 15, 1991): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2760209.

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Oleate, linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate, but not myristate, palmitate and stearate, stimulated glycogen phosphorylase activity by 2-8-fold when added to cultured rat hepatocytes. Addition of BSA or Ca2- to the incubation medium decreased the stimulating effects of the unsaturated fatty acids. The combination of oleate or linolenate, with corticosterone, testosterone or estradiol produced synergistic stimulations of phosphorylase activity. The stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase activity by linolenate was inhibited by staurosporine or sphingosine. Staurosporine (80 n

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21

Grechkin, A. N., L. S. Mukhtarova, and M. Hamberg. "Lipoxygenase pathway in tulip: biosynthesis of ketols." Biochemical Society Transactions 28, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 851–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0280851.

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The metabolism in vitro of [1-14C]linoleate, [1-14C]linolenate and their 9(S)-hydroperoxides in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) was found to be under the control of 9-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase, and directed towards α-ketol, γ-ketol and the novel compound (12Z)-10-oxo-11-hydroxy- 12-octadecadienoic acid (10,11-ketol). Potent activity of allene oxide cyclase (in bulbs) and a new enzyme, γ-ketol reductase (in bulbs and leaves), was detected. Metabolism in flowers is directed predominantly towards α-ketol hydroperoxide.

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22

Zrnzevic, Ivana, Ivana Zlatanovic, Jelena Lazarevic, Olga Jovanovic, and Gordana Stojanovic. "GC-MS analysis of Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. extract." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 13, no. 2 (2015): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1502091z.

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This is the first report on the GC-MS profile of the ether-soluble fraction (ESF) of the methanol extract of the lichen Ramalina capitata (Ach.) Nyl. (Ramalinaceae). The profile was dominated by orcinol (22.9 %) and its monomethyl ether (30.9 %), which accounted for more than a half of the GC-MS analyzable fraction of ESF. Significantly lower amounts of structurally related sparassol (5.8%) and atraric acid (0.9 %) were also detected. Additionally, ESF contained methyl linoleate, methyl linolenate and methyl palmitate (17.3 %, 7.3 % and 5.0 %, respectively).

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23

Mortley, Desmond G., Jun-Hyun Oh, Damicca S. Johnson, Conrad K. Bonsi, and Walter A. Hill. "Influence of Harvest Intervals on Growth Responses and Fatty Acid Content of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)." HortScience 47, no. 3 (March 2012): 437–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.437.

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A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the influence of harvest intervals on biomass yield and omega fatty acids of ‘Golden purslane’ (Portulaca oleracea). Nutrients were supplied as a modified full-strength Hoagland solution two to three times weekly. Plants were harvested sequentially at 20, 40, and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) corresponding to 42, 63, and 84 days after sowing. Fatty acids were determined using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Harvest intervals significantly influenced foliage fresh and dry weight, leaf number and plant height, and root length and fresh wei

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24

Nieman, David C., R. Andrew Shanely, Beibei Luo, Mary Pat Meaney, Dustin A. Dew, and Kirk L. Pappan. "Metabolomics approach to assessing plasma 13- and 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and linoleic acid metabolite responses to 75-km cycling." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): R68—R74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00092.2014.

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Bioactive oxidized linoleic acid metabolites (OXLAMs) include 13- and 9-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid (13-HODE + 9-HODE) and have been linked to oxidative stress, inflammation, and numerous pathological and physiological states. The purpose of this study was to measure changes in plasma 13-HODE + 9-HODE following a 75-km cycling bout and identify potential linkages to linoleate metabolism and established biomarkers of oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes) and inflammation (cytokines) using a metabolomics approach. Trained male cyclists ( N = 19, age 38.0 ± 1.6 yr, wattsmax 304 ± 10.5) engaged in a

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25

Guesnet, P., S. M. Lallemand, J. M. Alessandri, M. Jouin та S. C. Cunnane. "α-Linolenate reduces the dietary requirement for linoleate in the growing rat". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 85, № 6 (грудень 2011): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2011.08.003.

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Cunnane, Stephen C., Mary Ann Ryan, Kerr S. Craig, Steven Brookes, Berthold Koletzko, Hans Demmelmair, Janet Singer та David J. Kyle. "Synthesis of linoleate and α-linolenate by chain elongation in the rat". Lipids 30, № 8 (серпень 1995): 781–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02537807.

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27

Hoptroff, Michael J., Simon V. Avery, and Simon Thomas. "Influence of altered plasma membrane fatty acid composition on cesium transport characteristics and toxicity inSaccharomyces cerevisiae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 954–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-137.

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The influence of altered plasma membrane fatty acid composition on cesium uptake and toxicity was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Detailed kinetic studies revealed that both the Vmaxand Kmvalues for Cs+transport increased (by approximately twofold in the latter case) when S. cerevisiae was grown in medium supplemented with the polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleate. In addition, Cs+uptake by linoleate-enriched cells was considerably less sensitive to the competitive effects of other monovalent cations (K+, Rb+, and NH4+) than that by unsupplemented cells. Stimulation of Cs+uptake in th

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28

Koshiishi, Ichiro, Kazunori Tsuchida, Tokuko Takajo, and Makiko Komatsu. "Radical scavenger can scavenge lipid allyl radicals complexed with lipoxygenase at lower oxygen content." Biochemical Journal 395, no. 2 (March 28, 2006): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20051595.

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Lipoxygenases have been proposed to be a possible factor that is responsible for the pathology of certain diseases, including ischaemic injury. In the peroxidation process of linoleic acid by lipoxygenase, the E,Z-linoleate allyl radical–lipoxygenase complex seems to be generated as an intermediate. In the present study, we evaluated whether E,Z-linoleate allyl radicals on the enzyme are scavenged by radical scavengers. Linoleic acid, the content of which was greater than the dissolved oxygen content, was treated with soya bean lipoxygenase-1 (ferric form) in the presence of radical scavenger,

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29

Vlahov, Giovanna. "13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Detection of the Adulteration of Extra Virgin Olive Oils Extracted from Different Cultivars with Cold-Pressed Hazelnut Oil." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 92, no. 6 (November 1, 2009): 1747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/92.6.1747.

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Abstract 13C NMR spectroscopy was applied to detect the adulteration of olive oils with hazelnut oil. Considering that the linolenate chain and the squalene hydrocarbon were absent in hazelnut oil, unlike olive oil, a 13C NMR spectroscopy method was developed to measure in addition to the triglyceride normal chains (i.e., saturated, oleate, and linoleate chains), the resonances of the linolenate chain and of squalene hydrocarbon. Acyl chain and squalene resonances highly discriminated olive oil samples by cultivars. Nevertheless, the hazelnut oil percentage factor prevailed over the cultivar f

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Hattori, Takefumi, Akira Ohta, Masayuki Itaya, and Mikio Shimada. "The ability of ectomycorrhizal fungi to utilize fatty acids and a lipid as a carbon source for mycelial growth." Canadian Journal of Botany 81, no. 12 (December 1, 2003): 1285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-111.

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We have investigated growth of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi (i.e., 55 strains of 32 species in 15 genera) on saturated (palmitate), monounsaturated (oleate), diunsaturated (linoleate), triunsaturated (linolenate) fatty acids, and the triacylglyceride of oleate (triolein) lipid to elucidate an ability to utilize the fatty acids and lipid as a carbon source for growth. Relative utilization ratios (URs, %) based on mycelial growth on glucose suggest that ECM fungi belonging to the family Thelephoraceae have an ability to utilize palmitate. On the other hand, ECM fungi in the genus Laccaria can uti

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Reid, J. C. W., and D. R. Husbands. "Oxidative metabolism of long-chain fatty acids in mitochondria from sheep and rat liver. Evidence that sheep conserve linoleate by limiting its oxidation." Biochemical Journal 225, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2250233.

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Mitochondria isolated from the livers of sheep and rats were shown to oxidize palmitate, oleate and linoleate in a tightly coupled manner, by monitoring the oxygen consumption associated with the degradation of these acids in the presence of 2mM-L-malate. Rat liver mitochondria oxidized linoleate and oleate at a rate 1.2-1.8 times that of palmitate. Sheep liver mitochondria had a specific activity for the oxidation of palmitate that was 50-80% of that of rats and a specific activity for the oxidation of oleate and linoleate that was 30-40% that of rats. This would indicate that sheep conserved

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del Hoyo, N., J. A. Pulido, M. T. Carretero, and M. A. Pérez-Albarsanz. "Comparison of linoleate, palmitate and acetate metabolism in rat ventral prostate." Bioscience Reports 10, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01116858.

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Rat ventral prostate incorporated (1-14C)acetate, (1-14C)palmitate and (1-14C)linoleate into different phospholipids in a time-dependent process. The rate of incorporation into total phospholipids was higher with linoleate (10.0 nmol/g) than with either palmitate (5.8 nmol/g) or acetate (4.7 nmol/g). Predominant labelling with all the radioactive substrates assayed was found in choline glycerophospholipids (PC). The radioactive profiles for linoleate in the other ventral prostate phospholipids differed from those obtained with palmitate and acetate. Specifically linoleate was incorporated into

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33

Mukherjee, Supratim, Sumit Sen Santara, Shantanabha Das, Moumita Bose, Jayasree Roy, and Subrata Adak. "NAD(P)H Cytochrome b5 Oxidoreductase Deficiency in Leishmania major Results in Impaired Linoleate Synthesis Followed by Increased Oxidative Stress and Cell Death." Journal of Biological Chemistry 287, no. 42 (August 25, 2012): 34992–5003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m112.389338.

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NAD(P)H cytochrome b5 oxidoreductase (Ncb5or), comprising cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase domains, is widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms. Although Ncb5or plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism of mice, so far no Ncb5or gene has been reported in the unicellular parasitic protozoa Leishmania species. We have cloned, expressed, and characterized Ncb5or gene from Leishmania major. Steady state catalysis and spectral studies show that NADH can quickly reduce the ferric state of the enzyme to the ferrous state and is able to donate an electron(s) to external acceptors. To elucida

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Tso, P., M. D. Karlstad, B. R. Bistrian, and S. J. DeMichele. "Intestinal digestion, absorption, and transport of structured triglycerides and cholesterol in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 268, no. 4 (April 1, 1995): G568—G577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1995.268.4.g568.

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We compared the intestinal absorption of trilinolein (1,2,3-tri-[1-14C]linoleyl-sn-glycerol) with two different structured triglycerides containing one linoleic acid (C18:2) and two octanoic acids (C8:0), 1,3-dioctanoyl-2-[1-14C]linoleyl-sn-glycerol (2-linoleate) and 1,2-di[1-14C]octanoyl-3-linoleyl-sn-glycerol (1,2-octanoate), respectively. Lymphatic radioactive lipid output of 2-linoleate resembled that of trilinolein rats but remained significantly lower during the lipid infusion. Radioactive lipid was recovered along the entire small intestinal lumen, with a significantly higher amount of

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XUE, H. Q., T. G. ISLEIB, G. A. PAYNE, W. F. NOVITZKY, and G. OBRIAN. "Aflatoxin Production in Peanut Lines Selected To Represent a Range of Linoleic Acid Concentrations." Journal of Food Protection 68, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-68.1.126.

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To determine whether concentrations of linoleate in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed oil could be used to predict an ability to support aflatoxin production, seeds of genotypes representing a range of linoleate content were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and assayed for aflatoxin content. Seeds were blanched and quartered, inoculated with conidia of A. flavus, placed on moistened filter paper in petri dishes, and incubated for 8 days at 28°C. Multiple regression analysis was used to account for the variation among lines with the use of fatty acid concentrations as independen

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Frankel, E. N., W. E. Neff, and R. D. Plattner. "Chemical lonization-mass spectrometry of secondary oxidation products from methyl linoleate and linolenate." Lipids 21, no. 5 (May 1986): 333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02535696.

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Watanabe, Shiro, та Harumi Okuyama. "Effect of dietary α-linolenate/linoleate balance on endotoxin-induced hepatitis in mice". Lipids 26, № 6 (червень 1991): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02536074.

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38

Matikainen, Jorma, Matti Laantera, and Seppo Kaltia. "Determination of degree of oxidation of methyl linoleate and linolenate by weighing method." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 80, no. 6 (June 2003): 591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-003-0743-8.

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39

Hrelia, S., A. Bordoni, M. Celadon, E. Turchetto, P. L. Biagi та C. A. Rossi. "Age-related changes in linoleate and α-linolenate desaturation by rat liver microsomes". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 163, № 1 (серпень 1989): 348–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(89)92142-6.

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40

Bearer, Cynthia F., Siemay Lee, Ann E. Salvator, Sonia Minnes, Alan Swick, Toyoko Yamashita, and Lynn T. Singer. "Ethyl Linoleate in Meconium." Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research 23, no. 3 (March 1999): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000374-199903000-00016.

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41

Hodson, Leanne, Siobhán E. McQuaid, Fredrik Karpe, Keith N. Frayn, and Barbara A. Fielding. "Differences in partitioning of meal fatty acids into blood lipid fractions: a comparison of linoleate, oleate, and palmitate." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 296, no. 1 (January 2009): E64—E71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.90730.2008.

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Abstract:

There has been much interest in the health effects of dietary fat, but few studies have comprehensively compared the acute metabolic fate of specific fatty acids in vivo. We hypothesized that different classes of fatty acids would be variably partitioned in metabolic pathways and that this would become evident over 24 h. We traced the fate of fatty acids using equal amounts of [U-13C]linoleate, [U-13C]oleate, and [U-13C]palmitate given in a test breakfast meal in 12 healthy subjects. There was a tendency for differences in the concentrations of the tracers in plasma chylomicron-triacylglycerol

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42

Jiang, Jin, and Afaf Kamal-Eldin. "Comparing Methylene Blue-Photosensitized Oxidation of Methyl-Conjugated Linoleate and Methyl Linoleate." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 46, no. 3 (March 1998): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9704017.

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43

Matsuba, S., M. Itoh, T. John, H. Takeyama, N. Dohi, S. Watanabe та H. Okuyama. "Effect of dietary linoleate/α-linolenate balance on experimentally induced gastric injury in rats". Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids 59, № 5 (листопад 1998): 317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0952-3278(98)90080-1.

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44

Frankel, E. N., E. Selke, W. E. Neff, and K. Miyashita. "Autoxidation of polyunsaturated triacylglycerols. IV. Volatile decomposition products from triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate." Lipids 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02536386.

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45

Widiarti, Nuni, Wijianto Wijianto, Nanik Wijayati, Harjito Harjito, Samuel Budi Wardhana Kusuma, Didik Prasetyoko, and Suprapto Suprapto. "CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF CALCIUM OXIDE FROM FISHBONE WASTE IN WASTE COOKING OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS." Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 6, no. 2 (October 16, 2017): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jbat.v6i2.8335.

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Calcium oxide was obtained from waste fish bones that has been carried out systematically by decomposition at various temperatures that 800oC, 900oC and 1000oC for 4 hours. Calcium oxide from the decomposition process was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM EDX and SAA. The result of XRD Diffractogram showed that the crystallinity increased as the calcination temperature increased. The absorption bands in the FTIR spectra of calcium oxide from calcined waste fish bones shown at 355 cm-1 region indicated CaO vibration, which was reinforced by the emergence of a peak at 859 cm-1. Based on the ana

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46

Nand, Pratibha, Sushma Drabu, and Rajinder K. Gupta. "Antimicrobial Investigation of Linum usitatissimum for the Treatment of Acne." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 11 (November 2011): 1934578X1100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601133.

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Light petroleum, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts of Linum usitatissimum were investigated using GC/MS. The main components of three sequential extracts were methyl linolenate (11.9-33.9%) and methyl linoleate (3.4-9.1%). Components possessing antimicrobial activity against acne causing bacteria, namely α-linolenic acid (7.0 -7.1%), α-terpinene (1.7-3.1%), terpinen-4-ol (1.3-4.6%), 4-cymene (1.6-7.1%) and α-pinene (1.1%), were found in varying amounts. Antimicrobial screening indicated that the light petroleum extract was more active against aerobic and anaerobic test strains with a MIC

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Norman, Amos, Leslie R. Bennett, James F. Mead, and Keisuke S. Iwamoto. "Antitumor activity of sodium Linoleate." Nutrition and Cancer 11, no. 2 (January 1988): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635588809513977.

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Tiong, Sie Swan, and H. I. Waterman. "Analysis of styrenated methyl linoleate." Journal of Applied Chemistry 6, no. 5 (May 4, 2007): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010060501.

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Du, Guodong, Aziz Tekin, Earl G. Hammond, and L. Keith Wood. "Catalytic epoxidation of methyl linoleate." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 81, no. 5 (May 2004): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-004-0926-3.

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50

Hasler, C. M., M. R. Bennink, and J. E. Trosko. "Inhibition of gap junction-mediated intercellular communication by alpha-linolenate." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 261, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): C161—C168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1991.261.1.c161.

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The purpose of this investigation was to assess whether alterations in the fatty acid composition of rat liver epithelial (WB-F344) cell phospholipids would modulate gap junction-mediated intercellular communication (GJIC). WB-F344 cells were grown to confluency in culture medium supplemented with one of seven different fatty acids at a concentration of 50 microM for 48 h. Only alpha-linoleate (18:3 n-3) significantly inhibited GJIC. Saturated fatty acids (12:0, 16:0, and 18:0), a monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1 n-9), and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2 and 20:4) did not affect GJIC. Th

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