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Zamora-López, Gorka. "Linking structure and function of complex cortical networks." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5225/.
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The recent discovery of an intricate and nontrivial interaction topology among the elements of a wide range of natural systems has altered the manner we understand complexity. For example, the axonal fibres transmitting electrical information between cortical regions form a network which is neither regular nor completely random. Their structure seems to follow functional principles to balance between segregation (functional specialisation) and integration. Cortical regions are clustered into modules specialised in processing different kinds of information, e.g. visual or auditory. However, in order to generate a global perception of the real world, the brain needs to integrate the distinct types of information. Where this integration happens, nobody knows. We have performed an extensive and detailed graph theoretical analysis of the cortico-cortical organisation in the brain of cats, trying to relate the individual and collective topological properties of the cortical areas to their function. We conclude that the cortex possesses a very rich communication structure, composed of a mixture of parallel and serial processing paths capable of accommodating dynamical processes with a wide variety of time scales. The communication paths between the sensory systems are not random, but largely mediated by a small set of areas. Far from acting as mere transmitters of information, these central areas are densely connected to each other, strongly indicating their functional role as integrators of the multisensory information.
In the quest of uncovering the structure-function relationship of cortical networks, the peculiarities of this network have led us to continuously reconsider the stablished graph measures. For example, a normalised formalism to identify the “functional roles” of vertices in networks with community structure is proposed. The tools developed for this purpose open the door to novel community detection techniques which may also characterise the overlap between modules. The concept of integration has been revisited and adapted to the necessities of the network under study. Additionally, analytical and numerical methods have been introduced to facilitate understanding of the complicated statistical interrelations between the distinct network measures. These methods are helpful to construct new significance tests which may help to discriminate the relevant properties of real networks from side-effects of the evolutionary-growth processes.Die jüngste Entdeckung einer komplexen und nicht-trivialen Interaktionstopologie zwischen den Elementen einer großen Anzahl natürlicher Systeme hat die Art und Weise verändert, wie wir Komplexität verstehen. So bilden zum Beispiel die Nervenfasern, welche Informationen zwischen Regionen des Kortex übermitteln, ein Netzwerk, das weder vollkommen regelmäßig noch völlig zufallig ist. Die Struktur dieser Netzwerke scheint Funktionsprinzipien zu folgen, die ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Segregation (funktionale Spezialisierung) und Integration (Verarbeitung von Informationen) halten. Die Regionen des Kortex sind in Module gegliedert, welche auf die Verarbeitung unterschiedlicher Arten von Informationen, wie beispielsweise Visuelle oder Auditive, spezialisiert sind. Um eine umfassende Vorstellung von der Realität zu erzeugen, muss das Gehirn verschiedene Informationsarten kombinieren (integrieren). Wo diese Integration jedoch geschieht, ist noch ungeklärt. In dieser Dissertation wurde eine weitreichende und detaillierte graphen- theoretische Analyse der kortiko-kortikalen Organisation des Katzengehirns durchgeführt. Dabei wurde der Versuch unternommen, individuelle sowie kollektive topologische Eigenschaften der Kortexareale zu ihrer Funktion in Beziehung zu setzen. Aus der Untersuchung wird geschlussfolgert, dass der Kortex eine äußerst reichhaltige Kommunikationsstruktur aufweist, die aus einer Mischung von parallelen und seriellen übertragungsbahnen besteht, die es ermöglichen dynamische Prozesse auf vielen verschiedenen Zeitskalen zu tragen. Die Kommunikationsbahnen zwischen den sensorischen Systemen sind nicht zufällig verteilt, sondern verlaufen fast alle durch eine geringe Anzahl von Arealen. Diese zentralen Areale agieren nicht allein als übermittler von Informationen. Sie sind dicht untereinander verbunden, was auf ihre Funktion als Integrator hinweist. Bei der Analyse der Struktur-Funktions-Beziehungen kortikaler Netzwerke wurden unter Berucksichtigung der Besonderheiten des untersuchten Netzwerkes die bisher verwandten Graphenmaße überdacht und zum Teil überarbeitet. So wurde beispielsweise ein normalisierter Formalismus vorgeschlagen, um die funktionalen Rollen der Knoten in Netzwerken mit einer Community-Struktur zu identifizieren. Die für diesen Zweck entwickelten Werkzeuge ermöglichen neue Methoden zur Erkennung dieser Strukturen, die möglicherweise auch die überlappung von Modulen beschreiben. Das Konzept der Integration wurde revidiert und den Bedürfnissen des untersuchten Netzwerkes angepasst. Außerdem wurden analytische und numerische Methoden eingeführt, um das Verständnis des komplizierten statistischen Zusammenhangs zwischen den verschiedenen Netzwerkmaßen zu erleichtern. Diese Methoden sind hilfreich für die Konstruktion neuer Signifikanztests, die relevante Eigenschaften realer Netzwerke von Nebeneffekten ihrer evolutionären Wachstumsprozesse unterscheiden können.
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Corry, Diarmuid. "BUILDING BRIDGES: LINKING CAIS TO ETHERNET AND OTHER PROTOCOLS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605591.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 20-23, 2003 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThe technologies used for flight test are evolving. Trusted standards like CAIS and IRIG106 PCM are giving way to new “trusted standards” (and proven technologies/protocols) found in telecommunication and networking such as Ethernet, fiber channel, TCP/IP, UDP, ATM and so on. Currently there is $100Ms+ invested in CAIS and IRIG compliant equipment in the world. A key challenge in this evolution is to provide a reliable solution that allows the FTI engineer to immediately take advantage of these advanced technologies while protecting prior investment in equipment, knowledge, and resources during this transition. This paper presents an analysis of how to protect existing assets while still leveraging the power of the latest technologies. It looks at the characteristics of a “bridge” system, and suggests solutions for merging and linking data from and to different transmission protocols using data synchronization and deterministic data management cycles.
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Benadi, Gita [Verfasser], and Hans-Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Poethke. "Linking specialisation and stability of plant-pollinator networks / Gita Benadi. Betreuer: Hans-Joachim Poethke." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1109770553/34.
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Riera, Domínguez María Graciela. "Linking cell dynamics with coexpression networks to characterize key events in chronic virus infection." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665626.
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The host immune response against infection requires the coordinated action of many diverse cell subsets that dynamically adapt to a pathogen threat. Due to the complexity of such a response, most immunological studies have focused on a few genes, proteins, or cell types. With the development of “omic”-technologies and computational analysis methods, attempts to analyse and understand complex system dynamics are now feasible. However, the decomposition of transcriptomic data sets generated from complete organs remains a major challenge. Here, we combined Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Digital Cell Quantifier (DCQ) to analyse time-resolved mouse splenic transcriptomes in acute and chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV) infections. This enabled us to generate hypotheses about complex immune functioning after a virus-induced perturbation. This strategy was validated by successfully predicting several known immune phenomena, such as effector cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) expansion and exhaustion. Furthermore, we predicted and subsequently verified experimentally that virus-specific CD8+ T cells with an early effector transcriptome profile participate in the host adaptation to an overwhelming virus threat. Thus, the linking of gene expression changes with immune cell kinetics provides novel insights into the complex immune processes within infected tissues.La respuesta inmune del huésped contra una infección requiere la acción coordinada de varios tipos de células que, de forma dinámica, se adapta a la amenaza del patógeno. Debido a la complejidad de dicha respuesta, la mayoría de los estudios inmunológicos se han centrado en pocos genes, proteínas o en células específicas. Con el desarrollo de tecnologías "ómicas" y métodos de análisis computacionales, los intentos de analizar y comprender sistemas complejos ahora son más factibles. Sin embargo, la descomposición de datos de transcriptomas, generados a partir de órganos completos sigue siendo un desafío importante. Aquí he combinado Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) y Digital Cell Quantifier (DCQ) para analizar los perfiles transcriptómicos de bazos de ratón, a diferentes tiempos, durante la infección aguda y crónica por el virus de la Coriomeningitis Linfocítica Aguda (LCMV). Este método nos ha permitido generar hipótesis sobre funcionamiento del complejo sistema inmune después de una perturbación inducida por el virus. Esta estrategia fue validada al predecir con éxito varios fenómenos inmunes conocidos, como la expansión de los linfocitos T citotóxicos (CTL) y el fenómeno conocido como agotamiento. Además, he predicho y posteriormente verificado de forma experimental que las células efectoras T CD8+ específicas de virus, con un perfil de transcriptoma efector temprano, participan en la adaptación a la amenaza del virus. Por lo tanto, la conexión entre la expresión de genes y la cinética de las células del sistema inmune, proporciona nuevos conocimientos sobre los complejos procesos inmunes en tejidos infectados.
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Albright, Andrew S. "Where corridors converge : linking multi-modal transportation networks to land use and urban design in Indianapolis." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1260492.
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This study reveals the potential for urban design where multi-modal transportation corridors intersect. An overarching challenge to urban design and planning relates to the impact mobility has on the social, environmental, and economic health of America's cities, including Indianapolis. In response to this challenge, this study explores transit-oriented development, a strategy based on the principle that transportation and land use are closely related and should therefore be planned in coordination, as a viable alternative to current practices that force transportation to follow rather than inspire and enhance development.Two primary phases constitute the study. The first introduces the principles of transit-oriented development. This phase also highlights some of the urban design opportunities that stem from this alternative strategy and examines and evaluates how effectively transit-oriented development principles work in various American cities.The second phase explores how these principles may be applied to the city of Indianapolis and demonstrates how one site within the city can serve as a model for coordinating various modes of transportation with adjacent land use. This phase consists of selecting a demonstration site within the city, researching the existing and historical make-up of the site, and developing a master plan for the site. The master plan is based on two primary goals-to create a safe and efficient transportation node and to create a unique and vibrant urban "place" that functions as both an origin and a destination.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Brooks, Kathryn Janet (Lamb), and kal@aapt net au. "Rural resilience and prosperity : the relevance of government and community networks." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080115.173131.
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Dominant society centred interpretations of social capital in Australia are
inadequate to explain the economic fortunes and social prosperity of rural
Australian communities. Given the continued contention over interpretations and
measurement of social capital, this research sought to assess the relationship
between different interpretations of social capital and rural communities resilience
and prosperity.
¶
Utilising both quantitative and qualitative techniques to establish the relative
levels of social capital in two communities of divergent growth, the primary
objective was to test the association asserted between levels of social capital and
prosperity and resilience in the rural Australian context.
¶
The research findings highlight three notable issues. Surveying social capital with
current instruments is only effective in establishing the well being of rural
communities which appears related to their resilience, not their ability to prosper.
Secondly, the operational frameworks and responsibilities for social capital
adopted by governments dictate the manner in, and degree to which they deem
bridging and linking networks necessary and appropriate. This significantly affects
the role social capital is perceived to play in communities. Lastly, while
interpretations of social capital regard it as a normative factor in social life, rather
than being comprised of different and dynamic elements affecting communities
ability to prosper, the concept will remain unable to effectively contribute to the
policy domain.
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Shih, Wan-Yu. "Optimising urban green networks in Taipei City : linking ecological and social functions in urban green space systems." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optimising-urban-green-networks-in-taipei-city-linking-ecological-and-socal-functions-in-urban-green-space-systems(eca36d35-4470-4fdf-a766-ba9eebe5ca63).html.
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With the global population becoming more urban and less rural, increasingly research has argued for concepts such as establish Green Infrastructure (GI) as a tool for enhancing wildlife survival and human’s living quality (e.g. Harrison et al., 1995; Benedict and McMahon, 2006). However, an interdisciplinary planning approach underpinned by ecological and social evidence has not yet been fully developed. This research therefore seeks to integrate an ecological network with a green space planning standard by exploring the use of biotope and sociotope mapping methods. Seeking a comprehensive planning that takes all green resources into account, a green space typology is firstly developed according to Taiwanese contexts for identifying green spaces from land use maps. In order to specify effective features of these green spaces to bird survival and user preferences, an insight was conducted into the relationship of ‘birds and urban habitats’, as well as ‘human preferred urban green spaces’ in Taipei City. Important environmental factors influencing bird distribution and influencing human experiences in urban green spaces are respectively specified and developed into an ecological value index (EVI) to detail potential habitats and a social value index (SVI) to evaluate recreational green space provision. Interestingly, proximity to green space appears to plays a more critical role in human preferences than bird survival in Taipei city; size is important both as a habitat and for creating an attractive green space; and green space quality tends to be a more significant factor than its structure for both wildlife and people. Utilising the bio-sociotope maps, this thesis argues for a number of strategies: conserving, enlarging, or creating large green spaces in green space deficient areas; increasing ecological and recreational value by enhancing green space quality of specific characteristics; and tackling gravity distance by combining green space accessibility and attractiveness in optimising urban green structure. As these suggestions are a challenge to apply in intensively developed urban areas, barriers from land use, political mechanisms, technical shortages, and cultural characteristics are also explored with possible resolutions presented for facilitating implementation. It is clear that optimising a multifunctional GI for both wildlife and people requires interdisciplinary knowledge and cooperation from various fields. The EVI and SVI developed within this thesis create the potential for a more place-specific and quantifiable green spaces strategy to help better link ecological and social functions in urban areas.
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Damant, Margaret. "District nursing : professional skills and knowledge in domestic settings : linking national and local networks of expertise 1866-1974." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4376.
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This research produces a deeper understanding of the transition of district nursing from nineteenth century voluntarism to the twentieth century welfare state, with particular emphasis on Leicester within the context of the national scene from 1866 to 1974. The thesis takes Leicester as an example of urban society to explore the collective attributes, networks of expertise and the initiatives that promoted the development of a district nursing service for the sick in their own homes. The evidence shows the challenges presented by limited human and financial resources; reveals the range of skills and responsibilities practised by district nurse; traces the course of professionalization through the adoption of national standards; sets out the biographical characteristics and career rhythms of Queen's Nurses, a sub-set of district nursing; and highlights the contribution made by district nursing to the empowerment of women. The study exposes the shifting and often contradictory attitudes of society towards district nursing. District nursing was most valued by the recipients of care and by people closest to the service in the community; it was least valued by those who were not in direct contact with district nurses and had little appreciation of the expertise involved. A most telling finding was the attitude of the government and the extent to which that attitude threatened the development of district nursing through a lack of recognition of the skills and responsibilities involved. The research shows that throughout the three phases of transition, 1866 - 1908, 1909 - 47, and 1948 - 74, district nursing rose above constraints and hostile policies to build on the traditions and values that lay at its core. The evidence makes a contribution to social policy and the social history of health care in Britain, and points to significant issues for future research and social policy decisions.
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Bohle, Alexander, and Liam Johnson. "Supply Chain Analytics implications for designing Supply Chain Networks : Linking Descriptive Analytics to operational Supply Chain Analytics applications to derive strategic Supply Chain Network Decisions." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management (CeLS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-44120.
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Today’s dynamic and increasingly competitive market had expanded complexities for global businesses pressuring companies to start leveraging on Big Data solutions in order to sustain the global competitions by becoming more data-driven in managing their supply chains.The main purpose of this study is twofold, 1) to explore the implications of applying analytics designing supply chain networks, 2) to investigate the link between operational and strategic management levels when making strategic decisions using Analytics.Qualitative methods have been applied for this study to gain a greater understanding of the Supply Chain Analytics phenomenon. An inductive approach in form of interviews, was performed in order to gain new empirical data. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with professional individuals who hold managerial roles such as project managers, consultants, and end-users within the fields of Supply Chain Management and Big Data Analytics. The received empirical information was later analyzed using the thematic analysis method.The main findings in this thesis relatively contradicts with previous studies and existing literature in terms of connotations, definitions and applications of the three main types of Analytics. Furthermore, the findings present new approaches and perspectives that advanced analytics apply on both strategic and operational management levels that are shaping supply chain network designs.
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Persson, Christer. "Linking social networks with virtual worlds and online games : A study of the dangers related to personal information getting in the wrong hands." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-45051.
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The purpose of this article is to inform researchers and developers of cross-media solutions about the risks of exposing too much information about their users when they integrate social networks such as Facebook into their products. Lately online games and virtual worlds has started looking more and more towards Facebook and twitter as potential ways to increase their presence among users. This article will look at the negative aspects of doing this to help avoid doing mistakes that affects users negatively. This article will also look at some of the consequences of personal information getting in the wrong hands. Even though the majority of internet users are unaffected by their personal information being shared, it's important to think about the few people that do get in trouble from it.
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Bentley, Caitlin T. "Linking Communications: the Philippine Regional Section of the Allied Intelligence Bureau's Operations in the Occupied Islands,1942-1945." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1449235520.
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O'Neill, Jason Michael. "Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Studies on Amphiphilic Polymer Blends and Cross-Linked Networks." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1624375174939496.
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Wittenbecher, Clemens [Verfasser], and Matthias Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Schulze. "Linking whole-grain bread, coffee, and red meat to the risk of type 2 diabetes : using metabolomics networks to infer potential biological mechanisms / Clemens Wittenbecher ; Betreuer: Matthias Bernd Schulze." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1218403047/34.
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Wittenbecher, Clemens Verfasser], and Matthias Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schulze. "Linking whole-grain bread, coffee, and red meat to the risk of type 2 diabetes : using metabolomics networks to infer potential biological mechanisms / Clemens Wittenbecher ; Betreuer: Matthias Bernd Schulze." Potsdam : Universität Potsdam, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404592.
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Ghotikar, Miheer S. "Aortic valve analysis and area prediction using bayesian modeling." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001369.
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Braun, Harald. "A neural network linking process." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410159.
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Fux, Anja [Verfasser], Stephan A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Sieber, Matthias J. [Gutachter] Feige, and Stephan A. [Gutachter] Sieber. "ClpXP Protease Networks studied by Chemical Cross-Linking Combined with Mass Spectrometry – A Proteomic Survey on Human Pyridoxal 5’-Phosphate-Binding Proteins / Anja Fux ; Gutachter: Matthias J. Feige, Stephan A. Sieber ; Betreuer: Stephan A. Sieber." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200547861/34.
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Baggio, Jacopo Alessandro. "Analyzing social-ecological systems : linking resilience, network theory, and agent based modelling." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/34240/.
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Ciszek, Thomas. "A Framework for the Development of Social Linking Theory." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/237.
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This paper characterizes the need for a theory that links context to information through the behaviors rooted in cultural identity and social awareness. Based on hypermedia objects and four methods of social communication, I develop a framework for a theory of social linking. This theory assumes that social interaction is the plinth from which we communicate and argues that studies in human computer interaction and information retrieval require ongoing exploration of social communication.
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Orrell, Peter. "Linking above and below-ground interactions in agro-ecosystems : an ecological network approach." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/4102.
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Belowground microbial communities, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), may modify plant reproductive traits, although little is known about how this might then influence pollinator behaviour. This is important as pollinators provide an ecosystem service by contributing towards agricultural production. AMF also provide an ecosystem service by assisting plants with increased access to nutrients and water resources, thereby influencing yields. However, few studies have examined the combined effects of how AMF interact with crop cultivars to alter plant reproductive traits, pollination processes, and ultimately crop yield. Furthermore, the importance of both AMF and pollinators for human perceived crop quality has not been investigated. In this thesis, I examine the influence of manipulating AMF communities on plant-pollinator interactions, and the role of crop cultivars in mediating these effects, by growing three strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cultivars inoculated with four AMF communities, and measuring strawberry yield and quality (determined through human taste tests) in two 2-year experiments. The first experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions and I found that pollen foraging visits by bumblebees (Bombus terrestris Audax) were influenced by both AMF community and strawberry cultivar, whereas nectar foraging visits were only influenced by AMF community. AMF community influenced strawberry yield, without any changes in fruit quality, and effects were consistent across each strawberry cultivar, while AMF community and strawberry cultivar interacted to influence strawberry appearance. The second experiment was similar to the greenhouse experiment but repeated under field conditions to examine the effects on the naturally occurring pollinator community. Here, I found that while AMF community may influence the visitation of some pollinator taxa, the wild pollinator community provided a high degree of functional redundancy, and strawberry yield was influenced in the same manner as in the greenhouse experiment when plants were exposed to the highly efficient pollinators used in commercial production. The potential to utilise the above and below-ground interaction data to improve yields relies on the opinions of end users. I conducted a socio-economic analysis of growers' and scientists' iv perceptions, which showed that key stakeholders believe that interactions between above- and below-ground organisms should be harnessed to improve crop production. These results show that manipulating a below-ground mutualistic community has effects that cascade through the network to influence plant-pollinator interactions, and alters strawberry yield without loss in quality, with largely predictable outcomes across multiple strawberry cultivars. The interdisciplinary nature of this research revealed that stakeholders believe AMF should be used to improve strawberry production. Understanding the dynamics of these interactions may form part of a toolset for sustainable increases in food security, as well as helping to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying biology that influences ecological networks.
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Ma, Yanhui. "The mechanical properties of a three-dimensional stochastic fibrous network with cross-linking." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/95277/.
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Fibrous materials are promising for a wide range of engineering applications due to their low density and high stiffness and strength. Stochastic filamentous networks can be widely found in biomaterials at the micro- and nano-scales. The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of macro-sized, micro-sized and nano-sized stochastic fibrous networks with cross-linking. A continuum mechanics-based three-dimensional periodic beam model has been developed to describe stochastic fibrous materials by the Finite Element Method (FEM). Relative density is a key parameter to elucidate the mechanical properties of porous fibrous materials. The relative density of the beam model developed in this study can be adjusted by changing the concentration of the cross-linker, the fibre aspect ratio and the coefficient of overlap. In general, the non-dimensional Young’s moduli and shear moduli increase with increasing relative density. The simulation and analytical model have suggested that strut bending is the dominant deformation mechanism for stochastic fibrous materials. Based on the total strain energy density, scalar measures of characteristic stress and strain have been applied to reveal the yielding of stochastic fibrous materials. The effect of relative density on uniaxial yield strength of stochastic fibrous materials shows a quadratic function in the x direction and a cubic function in the z direction. When the dimensions of fibrous structures are reduced to the micro- or nano-scale, the stiffness is much different from that of their macro-sized counterparts. Strain gradient effects at the micro-meter scale, and the surface elasticity and initial stress effects at the nano-meter scale have been incorporated into the deformation mechanism of fibrous materials. For both of the micro- and nano-sized fibrous structure, the smaller the diameter, the larger the non-dimensional Young’s moduli and shear moduli. Generally speaking, the dimensionless stiffness of nano-sized stochastic fibrous structures is larger than their micro-sized counterparts. The size-dependent effects investigated in this study could provide good reference points for scientists in tissue engineering and serve as a guide in the design of MEMS and NEMS.
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Rahemtulla, Hanif Anilmohamed. "Linking local to local : a mobile spatial messaging service for a grassroots environmental network." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17314/.
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New Information and Communication Technologies (NICTs) are potentially useful tools in strengthening local initiatives towards sustainability. The Science & Technology (S&T) Framework for Sustainable Development provides a context for such development. This thesis describes a study aimed at examining how existing mobile technologies can be used to support the activities of an environmental grassroots organisation, using the London 21 Sustainability Network as an extended case study. Consistent with the S&T Framework, it is clear that to realise the potential of these technologies a new mobile service should be effectively embedded into the structure and activity of the network. Using a participatory research approach, an extensive user requirements study was carried out to ensure that the development of the mobile service for London 21 fulfils the purposes, goals and expectations of the organisation. The findings from the survey suggested that the level of interest in a mobile information service, combined with the current lack of service provision, would sustain a mobile information service. The suggestion id that this would be in the form of a Targeted Standard Messaging Service (SMS), from which individuals would receive information about environmental events local to where they live. This led to the development of a Mobile Spatial Messaging Service, called EcoTEXT for London 21. This service allows individuals to receive geographically targeted, action-orientated, time-relevant information via text-messages on their mobile phones. The content of the service is information about upcoming events and activities, which match the interests of the user, when these events occur in close spatial proximity to the user’s residence. This type of service represents a powerful new dimension for the provision of data-driven services in comparison to current text-based services. Location gives the services additional meaning and value. The results of this research advocate more than simply placing technological devices into a local network. Rather, the introduction of such a service into an organisation’s communication toolkit is shown to create, supplement and strengthen social ties and interactions within the community. These findings are consistent with London 21’s long term goals and aspirations. Furthermore, EcoTEXT is an example of a technology that may be completely owned, managed, financed and maintained within the community. The service therefore offers London 21 a more sustainable model for local NICT provision and, potentially, other similar organisations might wish to integrate it within their organisational infrastructures.
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Buffam, Ishi. "Linking landscape characteristics, streamwater acidity and brown trout (Salmo trutta) distributions in a boreal stream network /." Umeå : Dept. of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200733.pdf.
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Li, Shuting. "Linking Contextual Drivers, Network Responses, Risk Management Capabilities, and Sustainable Outcome: Theoretical Framework and Empirical Examination." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1467035463.
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Costa, Fernanda V., Marco A. R. Mello, Judith L. Bronstein, Tadeu J. Guerra, Renata L. Muylaert, Alice C. Leite, and Frederico S. Neves. "Few Ant Species Play a Central Role Linking Different Plant Resources in a Network in Rupestrian Grasslands." PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622488.
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Ant-plant associations are an outstanding model to study the entangled ecological interactions that structure communities. However, most studies of plant-animal networks focus on only one type of resource that mediates these interactions (e.g, nectar or fruits), leading to a biased understanding of community structure. New approaches, however, have made possible to study several interaction types simultaneously through multilayer networks models. Here, we use this approach to ask whether the structural patterns described to date for ant plant networks hold when multiple interactions with plant-derived food rewards are considered. We tested whether networks characterized by different resource types differ in specialization and resource partitioning among ants, and whether the identity of the core ant species is similar among resource types. We monitored ant interactions with extrafloral nectaries, flowers, and fruits, as well as trophobiont hemipterans feeding on plants, for one year, in seven rupestrian grassland (campo rupestre) sites in southeastern Brazil. We found a highly tangled ant-plant network in which plants offering different resource types are connected by a few central ant species. The multilayer network had low modularity and specialization, but ant specialization and niche overlap differed according to the type of resource used. Beyond detecting structural differences across networks, our study demonstrates empirically that the core of most central ant species is similar across them. We suggest that foraging strategies of ant species, such as massive recruitment, may determine specialization and resource partitioning in ant-plant interactions. As this core of ant species is involved in multiple ecosystem functions, it may drive the diversity and evolution of the entire campo rupestre community.
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Thomas, Ken Darrie. "Ecotourism and Water Quality: Linking Management, Activities and Sustainability Indicators in the Caribbean." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3464.
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Ecotourism from its genesis and founding theories has been set out to conserve and preserve the environment through sustainable operation that includes surrounding communities in efforts to reduce their poverty levels. Over the years ecotourism has been hypothesized to have departed from this ideal with several researchers, through social, qualitative analyses, have said that these non-sustainable ecotourism operations are simply due to poor management. This work sought to test this central hypothesis as a first approach to quantitatively linking ecotourism activities to management with surface water quality as the key indicator of sustainable ecotourism as a complex system through systems thinking. This pilot work was done by the use of two study sites in the Caribbean: Iwokrama, Guyana and Greencastle, Jamaica.
From General Systems Theory, before systems dynamics can be applied there is a need to first observe components of the system in a reductionist view. This approach had to be taken also since the required data inputs for the systems approach were not available, as is the norm throughout the Caribbean. Thus by creating simple, easy-touse and transferrable sustainability indicator based reductionist-type assessment tools relevant data on ecotourism activities, management and water quality can be obtained in the future and acts as a start to understanding the true systems dynamics among these three entities. The creation of these quantitative reductionist tools utilized social surveying onsite, target plots, sustainability indicators and Social Network Analysis. Tools created were tested through what-if scenarios, with sensitivity analyses, and determined to be able to respond to societal, environmental and economic changes.
The basic findings of these reductionist tools were used to establish and initial pathway for quantification inclusive of a framework in STELLA® for the numerical linking of ecotourism management, water quality and sustainability indicators in the Caribbean. This work also established water quality baselines for both study sites through in situ water sampling and testing and further ex situ analysis. As an indirect systems approach to linking sustainable development and the Caribbean, an audit of the Caribbean’s primary and secondary school’s system was conducted and recommendations suggested for the infusion of sustainability into formal education both during and after the United Nations Decade for Education for Sustainable Development (2005-2014).
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Zemzami, Maria. "Variations sur PSO : approches parallèles, jeux de voisinages et applications Application d’un modèle parallèle de la méthode PSO au problème de transport d’électricité A modified Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm linking dynamic neighborhood topology to parallel computation An evolutionary hybrid algorithm for complex optimization problems Interoperability optimization using a modified PSO algorithm A comparative study of three new parallel models based on the PSO algorithm Optimization in collaborative information systems for an enhanced interoperability network." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMIR11.
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Reconnue depuis de nombreuses années comme une méthode efficace pour la résolution de problèmes difficiles, la méta-heuristique d’optimisation par essaim de particules PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) présente toutefois des inconvénients dont les plus étudiés sont le temps de calcul élevé et la convergence prématurée. Cette thèse met en exergue quelques variantes de la méthode PSO visant à échapper à ces deux inconvénients de la méthode. Ces variantes combinent deux approches : la parallélisation de la méthode de calcul et l’organisation de voisinages appropriés pour les particules. L’évaluation de la performance des modèles proposés a été effectuée sur la base d'une expérimentation sur une série de fonctions tests. A la lumière de l’analyse des résultats expérimentaux obtenus, nous observons que les différents modèles proposés donnent des résultats meilleurs que ceux du PSO classique en termes de qualité de la solution et du temps de calcul. Un modèle basé PSO a été retenu et développé en vue d'une expérimentation sur le problème du transport d’électricité. Une variante hybride de ce modèle avec la méthode du recuit simulé SA (Simulated Annealing) a été considérée et expérimentée sur la problématique des réseaux de collaborationKnown for many years as a stochastic metaheuristic effective in the resolution of difficult optimization problems, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method, however, shows some drawbacks, the most studied: high running time and premature convergence. In this thesis we consider some variants of the PSO method to escape these two disadvantages. These variants combine two approaches: the parallelization of the calculation and the organization of appropriate neighborhoods for the particles. To prove the performance of the proposed models, we performed an experiment on a series of test functions. By analyzing the obtained experimental results, we observe that the proposed models based on the PSO algorithm performed much better than basic PSO in terms of computing time and solution quality. A model based on the PSO algorithm was selected and developed for an experiment on the problem of electricity transmission. A hybrid variant of this model with Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm has been considered and tested on the problem of collaborative networks
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Adegbile, Abiodun Samuel [Verfasser], Albrecht [Akademischer Betreuer] Söllner, and Heinz-Theo [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner. "Linking Resource Mobilization Approaches and Performance in Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Social Network Perspective / Abiodun Samuel Adegbile ; Albrecht Söllner, Heinz-Theo Wagner." Frankfurt (Oder) : Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160875618/34.
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Pais, Gomes Luís Catarina [Verfasser], and Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Köhr. "Linking addiction-related behavior to synaptic efficacy and network activity in the prefrontal-accumbal pathway of behaving rats / Catarina Pais Gomes Luís ; Betreuer: Georg Köhr." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182317995/34.
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Luís, Catarina [Verfasser], and Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Koehr. "Linking addiction-related behavior to synaptic efficacy and network activity in the prefrontal-accumbal pathway of behaving rats / Catarina Pais Gomes Luís ; Betreuer: Georg Köhr." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:16-heidok-243554.
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Roos, Gustav, and Olof Gunnarson. "Den kommunala identiteten och avsaknaden av gemensammafördelar. : Ett fall av kommunal samverkan mellan Norrköping och Linköping i frågor om de regionalaflygplatserna." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Statsvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119382.
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The municipal identities and the absence of shared benefits-A case of municipal cooperationbetween Norrköping and Linköping on issues of regional airports.This is a bachelor thesis concerning airports in the region of Östergötland and policy network cooperation between the municipal Norrköping and Linköping. The municipalities have numerous times interacted in other fields of the political administration. The thesis investigates the steps that have been taken by the municipalities since the last reports that were made in this matter. Why there have not been any achievements in interactions and what may happen in the future to these airports. The result is based on empirical evidence collected from an interview study; the respondents in the interviews are politicians and public officials in both municipals.The thesis shows that the implementation process of policy networks between the municipalities have been lingering and difficult. Politicians from the municipal of Linköping have not seen the benefits of a jointly owned operating company for the airports, while the politicians from the municipal of Norrköping has not worked proactive in the matter. The final conclusion of the thesis is that the two regional airports today are to varied in their structures to be able to corporate and the only output that came from the reports in this matter was an informal partnership agreement in marketing.
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Dahlson, Hanna, and Karin Svensson. "The future of the University of Linköping : networking as a mean for coping with the Bologna Process." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2148.
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Background: During the past years the increasing internationalisation has not only affected companies but also universities. This development is due to the Bologna Declaration which prescribes a harmonisation of the higher education in Europe. The declaration implies a tougher competition, but also a higher degree of co-operation among European universities.
Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine how LiU can make use of thenetwork approach in the process of internationalisation, in order to cope with the changes that the Bologna Declaration implies.
Realisation: We have carried out a total amount of 17 interviews. To complement these interviews, secondary data about the Bologna Process and LiU have been extracted from the internet and other information material.
Results: LiU should take advantage of the opportunities provided by the Bologna Process in order to further internationalise. The most favourable way of networking for LiU would be to be a part of relatively small and complementary networks. The promotion and facilitation of the communication between partners, but also within the university, is crucial. Use, and constantly develop, the competitive advantages in order to seek possible network partners and to attract students, teachers and researchers.
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Viggiano, Rocco P. III. "Investigations into High Surface Area and Hierarchical Phase Segregated Network Structures." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1440572438.
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Hallström, Jonas. "Constructing a Pipe-Bound City : A History of Water Supply, Sewerage, and Excreta Removal in Norrköping and Linköping, Sweden, 1860-1910." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4699.
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In the mid- to late 19th century, modern pipe-bound water and sewer systems proliferated in European cities, a development that has sometimes been regarded as a necessary result of a sanitary awakening and the progress of science and technology. By analyzing the introduction and subsequent expansion of water, sewerage, and excreta collection on the local level, in the Swedish cities Norrköping and Linköping, this oversimplified picture is questioned. The main problematique of this dissertation is why piped water supply and sewerage were introduced in these two Swedish cities at this particular time in history, and why the systems were subsequently extended. The actor-network theory (ANT) is used as an analytical tool. In the local context issues of governance, economy, technology, public health, and environment were brought to a head, and, if anything stands out, it is the complexity of introducing new technology. Despite the differences between Norrköping and Linköping in terms of topography and social and economic structures, the evolution of water supply and sewerage was on the whole similar. The existence of uniform scientific, technological, ideological, and cultural influences and of legislation at the national level, coupled with suburban growth, contributed to this development. There was more variation in excreta collection, because of the differences between the cities. Poor sanitary conditions, a river sensitive to pollution, and a strong public health network caused Linköping to introduce sanitary regulations much earlier than Norrköping and in Linköping WC’s were not as common.
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Le, Lan Gaël. "Analyse en locuteurs de collections de documents multimédia." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1020/document.
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La segmentation et regroupement en locuteurs (SRL) de collection cherche à répondre à la question « qui parle quand ? » dans une collection de documents multimédia. C’est un prérequis indispensable à l’indexation des contenus audiovisuels. La tâche de SRL consiste d’abord à segmenter chaque document en locuteurs, avant de les regrouper à l'échelle de la collection. Le but est de positionner des labels anonymes identifiant les locuteurs, y compris ceux apparaissant dans plusieurs documents, sans connaître à l'avance ni leur identité ni leur nombre. La difficulté posée par le regroupement en locuteurs à l'échelle d'une collection est le problème de la variabilité intra-locuteur/inter-document : selon les documents, un locuteur peut parler dans des environnements acoustiques variés (en studio, dans la rue...). Cette thèse propose deux méthodes pour pallier le problème. D'une part, une nouvelle méthode de compensation neuronale de variabilité est proposée, utilisant le paradigme de triplet-loss pour son apprentissage. D’autre part, un procédé itératif d'adaptation non supervisée au domaine est présenté, exploitant l'information, même imparfaite, que le système acquiert en traitant des données, pour améliorer ses performances sur le domaine acoustique cible. De plus, de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse en locuteurs des résultats de SRL sont étudiées, pour comprendre le fonctionnement réel des systèmes, au-delà du classique taux d'erreur de SRL (Diarization Error Rate ou DER). Les systèmes et méthodes sont évalués sur deux émissions télévisées d'une quarantaine d'épisodes, pour les architectures de SRL globale ou incrémentale, à l'aide de la modélisation locuteur à l'état de l'artThe task of speaker diarization and linking aims at answering the question "who speaks and when?" in a collection of multimedia recordings. It is an essential step to index audiovisual contents. The task of speaker diarization and linking firstly consists in segmenting each recording in terms of speakers, before linking them across the collection. Aim is, to identify each speaker with a unique anonymous label, even for speakers appearing in multiple recordings, without any knowledge of their identity or number. The challenge of the cross-recording linking is the modeling of the within-speaker/across-recording variability: depending on the recording, a same speaker can appear in multiple acoustic conditions (in a studio, in the street...). The thesis proposes two methods to overcome this issue. Firstly, a novel neural variability compensation method is proposed, using the triplet-loss paradigm for training. Secondly, an iterative unsupervised domain adaptation process is presented, in which the system exploits the information (even inaccurate) about the data it processes, to enhance its performances on the target acoustic domain. Moreover, novel ways of analyzing the results in terms of speaker are explored, to understand the actual performance of a diarization and linking system, beyond the well-known Diarization Error Rate (DER). Systems and methods are evaluated on two TV shows of about 40 episodes, using either a global, or longitudinal linking architecture, and state of the art speaker modeling (i-vector)
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Stynsberg, John. "Incorporating Scene Depth in Discriminative Correlation Filters for Visual Tracking." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-153110.
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Visual tracking is a computer vision problem where the task is to follow a targetthrough a video sequence. Tracking has many important real-world applications in several fields such as autonomous vehicles and robot-vision. Since visual tracking does not assume any prior knowledge about the target, it faces different challenges such occlusion, appearance change, background clutter and scale change. In this thesis we try to improve the capabilities of tracking frameworks using discriminative correlation filters by incorporating scene depth information. We utilize scene depth information on three main levels. First, we use raw depth information to segment the target from its surroundings enabling occlusion detection and scale estimation. Second, we investigate different visual features calculated from depth data to decide which features are good at encoding geometric information available solely in depth data. Third, we investigate handling missing data in the depth maps using a modified version of the normalized convolution framework. Finally, we introduce a novel approach for parameter search using genetic algorithms to find the best hyperparameters for our tracking framework. Experiments show that depth data can be used to estimate scale changes and handle occlusions. In addition, visual features calculated from depth are more representative if they were combined with color features. It is also shown that utilizing normalized convolution improves the overall performance in some cases. Lastly, the usage of genetic algorithms for hyperparameter search leads to accuracy gains as well as some insights on the performance of different components within the framework.
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Nguyen, K. G. (Kien-Giang). "Energy-efficient transmission strategies for multiantenna systems." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222677.
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Abstract The rapid evolution of wireless networks to meet the requirements of explosive data traffic demand is escalating energy consumption beyond sustainable limits. Consequently, energy efficiency (EE) has emerged as a key performance indicator for future wireless networks to address the increasing concern over greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable economic growth. This thesis studies energy-efficient transmission strategies for multiantenna wireless systems. The aim is to develop linear beamforming techniques maximizing the bit-per-Joule EE metric, focusing on three appealing scenarios: a coordinated multicell system; a fronthaul-constrained cloud radio access network (C-RAN); and a multi-pair wireless-powered relaying system. The primary emphasis is on suboptimal but efficient optimization approaches which are attractive for practical implementation. The problem of achieving EE fairness in a multicell multiple-input single-output downlink system is studied first. Specifically, coordinated beamforming is designed to maximize the minimum EE among all base stations. Novel efficient iterative optimization methods solving the design problem in both centralized and decentralized fashions are proposed. In a downlink C-RAN with finite-capacity fronthaul links, the network-wide EE performance is explored via a joint design of beamforming and remote radio head-user association. A relatively realistic power consumption model including rate-dependent circuit power and nonlinear power amplifiers' (PA) efficiency is also considered. To gain an insight into the optimal performance of the design problem, an algorithm achieving globally optimal solutions is devised. Towards practical implementation, two efficient iterative suboptimal methods are proposed aiming at yielding near-optimal performance. Finally, a multi-pair amplify-forward relaying network is considered, in which energy-constrained relays adopting time-switching protocol harvest energy from the radio frequency signals transmitted by users. To maintain EE fairness among all user pairs, joint optimization of system parameters, such as users' transmit power, relay beamforming, and energy harvesting (EH) time, is studied. Impacts of rate-dependent circuit power, nonlinear PAs' efficiency and nonlinear EH circuits on the achievable performance are also addressedTiivistelmä Langattomat verkot ovat kehittyneet nopeasti räjähdysmäisesti kasvavan dataliikenteen mahdollistamiseksi, minkä seurauksena energiankulutus on kasvanut kestävän kehityksen rajat ylittävällä tavalla. Siksi energiatehokkuudesta (EE, energy efficiency) on tullut uusien langattomien verkkojen keskeinen suunnittelukriteeri vastauksena kasvavaan huoleen kasvihuonepäästöistä ja kestävästä talouskasvusta. Väitöskirjassa tutkitaan moniantennisten langattomien järjestelmien energiatehokkaita tiedonsiirtostrategioita. Tavoitteena on kehittää lineaarisia keilanmuodostustekniikoita, jotka maksimoivat energiatehokkuuden mitattuna bitteinä joulea kohden, keskittymällä kolmeen kiinnostavaan vaihtoehtoon, joita ovat koordinoitu monisolujärjestelmän lähetys laskevalla siirtotiellä, pilvipohjainen radioliityntäverkko (C-RAN, cloud radio access network), jossa laskentayksikön ja varsinaisen radiolähettimen välinen yhteys (fronthaul) on rahoitettu, ja usean parin relejärjestelmiin, joissa releet toimivat paristoilla. Työn pääpaino on alioptimaalisissa, mutta käytännöllisesti tehokkaissa optimointimenetelmissä. Pääpaino on alioptimaalisissa mutta tehokkaissa optimointitavoissa, jotka ovat kiinnostavia käytännön toteutuksen näkökulmasta. Ensiksi tarkastellaan tasapuolisen energiatehokkuuden saavuttamista monisoluisessa laskevan siirtotien moni-tulo yksi-lähtö (MISO, multiple-input single-output) -järjestelmässä. Koordinoitu keilanmuodostus on suunniteltu erityisesti maksimoimaan energiatehokkuuden minimitaso kaikilla tukiasemilla. Tarkemmin sanottuna pyritään maksimoimaan huonoin energiatehokkuus solmujen välillä, kun käytetään yhteistoiminnallista keilanmuodostusta. Muodostetun ongelman ratkaisemiseksi ehdotetaan edistyksellisiä iteratiivisia menetelmiä käyttämällä sekä keskitettyjä että hajautettuja ratkaisuja. Laskevan siirtosuunnan fronthaul-rajoitetussa C-RAN-järjestelmässä selvitetään verkonlaajuista energiatehokkuutta keilanmuodostuksen ja palvelevan tukiaseman yhteisoptimoinnilla. Tässä käytetään verrattain realistista tehonkulutusmallia, joka sisältää datanopeudesta riippuvan prosessointitehon ja epälineaarisen tehovahvistimen (PA, power amplifier) hyötysuhteen. Jotta saadaan käsitys ongelman optimaalisesta suorituskyvystä, siihen kehitetään globaalisti optimaalinen menetelmä. Lisäksi ehdotetaan kaksi käytännöllisempää iteratiivista menetelmää, jotka saavuttavat lähes optimaalisen suorituskyvyn. Lopuksi keskitytään monen parin vahvista-ja-välitä eteenpäin (AF. amplify and forward) verkkoon, jossa aikajakokytkentää käyttävät energiarajoitetut toistimet keräävät energiaa käyttäjien lähettämistä radiosignaaleista. Jotta saavutetaan EE:n oikeudenmukaisuus kaikkien parien välillä, parametrit, kuten käyttäjien lähetysteho, toistimen keilanmuodostus, ja energiankeräysaika suunnitellaan yhdessä. Tässä tutkitaan nopeusriippuvaisen piirin tehon, epälineaarisen tehovahvistimen hyötysuhteen ja epälineaaristen energiankeräyspiirien tehon vaikutusta suorituskykyyn
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Benadi, Gita. "Linking specialisation and stability of plant-pollinator networks." Doctoral thesis, 2013. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-85288.
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In this dissertation, I examine the relationship between specialisation and stability of plant-pollinator networks, with a focus on two issues: Diversity maintenance in animal-pollinated plant communities and robustness of plant-pollinator systems against disturbances such as those caused by anthropogenic climate change. Chapter 1 of this thesis provides a general introduction to the concepts of ecological stability and specialisation with a focus on plant-pollinator systems, and a brief outline of the following chapters. Chapters 2-5 each consist of a research article addressing a specific question. While chapters 2 and 3 deal with different aspects of diversity maintenance in animal-pollinated plant communities, chapters 4 and 5 are concerned with the consequences of climate change in the form of temporary disturbances caused by extreme climatic events (chapter 4) and shifts in phenology of plants and pollinators (chapter 5). From a methodological perspective, the first three articles (chapter 2-4) can be grouped together as they all employ mathematical models of plant-pollinator systems, whereas chapter 5 describes an empirical study of plant-pollinator interactions along an altitudinal gradient in the Alps. The final chapter (6) provides a review of current knowledge on each of the two main themes of this thesis and places the findings of the four research articles in the context of related studiesIn dieser Dissertation untersuche ich den Zusammenhang zwischen Spezialisierung und Stabilität von Pflanzen-Bestäuber-Netzwerken. Dabei konzentriere ich mich speziell auf zwei Themengebiete: Die Erhaltung der Diversität in Pflanzengemeinschaften, die durch Tiere bestäubt werden, und die Widerstandsfähigkeit von Pflanzen-Bestäuber-Systemen gegenüber Störungen, wie sie durch den anthropogenen Klimawandel hervorgerufen werden. Kapitel 1 dieser Arbeit gibt eine allgemeine Einführung zu den Konzepten der ökologischen Stabilität und der Spezialisierung mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Pflanzen-Bestäuber-Systemen, und einen kurzen Überblick über die folgenden Kapitel der Arbeit. Kapitel 2-5 bestehen jeweils aus einem wissenschaftlichen Artikel, der eine spezifische Fragestellung untersucht. Während Kapitel 2 und 3 sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten der Erhaltung der Diversität in tierbestäubten Pflanzengemeinschaften befassen, beschäftigen sich Kapitel 4 und 5 mit den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels in Form von temporären Störungen verursacht durch klimatische Extremereignisse (Kapitel 4) und zeitlichen Verschiebungen der Phänologie von Pflanzen und Bestäubern (Kapitel 5). Aus methodologischer Sicht bilden die ersten drei Artikel eine Einheit, da sie alle mathematische Modelle der Populationsdynamik von Pflanzen und Bestäubern verwenden, während Kapitel 5 eine empirische Studie über Pflanzen-Bestäuber-Interaktionen entlang eines Höhengradienten in den Alpen beschreibt. Das letzte Kapitel (6) gibt einen Überblick über den Wissensstand in den beiden zentralen Themengebieten dieser Arbeit und bettet die Ergebnisse der vier Artikel in den Kontext verwandter wissenschaftlicher Arbeiten ein
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(5930165), Xinwu Qian. "Linking urban mobility with disease contagion in urban networks." Thesis, 2019.
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This dissertation focuses on developing a series of mathematical models to understand the role of urban transportation system, urban mobility and information dissemination in the spreading process of infectious diseases within metropolitan areas. Urban transportation system serves as the catalyst of disease contagion since it provides the mobility for bringing people to participate in intensive urban activities and has high passenger volume and long commuting time which facilitates the spread of contagious diseases. In light of significant needs in understanding the connection between disease contagion and the urban transportation systems, both macroscopic and microscopic models are developed and the dissertation consists of three main parts.
The first part of the dissertation aims to model the macroscopic level of disease spreading within urban transportation system based on compartment models. Nonlinear dynamic systems are developed to model the spread of infectious disease with various travel modes, compare models with and without contagion during travel, understand how urban transportation system may facilitate or impede epidemics, and devise control strategies for mitigating epidemics at the network level. The hybrid automata is also introduced to account for systems with different levels of control and with uncertain initial epidemic size, and reachability analysis is used to over-approximate the disease trajectories of the nonlinear systems. The 2003 Beijing SARS data are used to validate the effectiveness of the model. In addition, comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted to understand the importance of modeling travel contagion during urban disease outbreaks and develop control strategies for regulating the entry of urban transportation system to reduce the epidemic size.
The second part of the dissertation develops a data-driven framework to investigate the disease spreading dynamics at individual level. In particular, the contact network generation algorithm is developed to reproduce individuals' contact pattern based on smart card transaction data of metro systems from three major cities in China. Disease dynamics are connected with contact network structures based on individual based mean field and origin-destination pair based mean field approaches. The results suggest that the vulnerability of contact networks solely depends on the risk exposure of the most dangerous individual, however, the overall degree distribution of the contact network determines the difficulties in controlling the disease from spreading. Moreover, the generation model is proposed to depict how individuals get into contact and their contact duration, based on their travel characteristics. The metro data are used to validate the correctness of the generation model, provide insights on monitoring the risk level of transportation systems, and evaluate possible control strategies to mitigate the impacts due to infectious diseases.
Finally, the third part of the dissertation focuses on the role played by information in urban travel, and develops a multiplex network model to investigate the co-evolution of disease dynamics and information dissemination. The model considers that individuals may obtain information on the state of diseases by observing the disease symptoms from the people they met during travel and from centralized information sources such as news agencies and social medias. As a consequence, the multiplex networks model is developed with one layer capturing information percolation and the other layer modeling the disease dynamics, and the dynamics on one layer depends on the dynamics of the other layer. The multiplex network model is found to have three stable states and their corresponding threshold values are analytically derived. In the end, numerical experiments are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of local and global information in reducing the size of disease outbreaks and the synchronization between disease and information dynamics is discussed.
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Hsieh, Wen-Hsuan, and 謝文炫. "Cellular Neural Networks for Seismic Horizon Linking and Pattern Recognition." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71746674655383506688.
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碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學系所
93
We apply cellular neural networks for seismic horizon linking and pattern recognition. Cellular neural networks have the characteristic of local connection. It is suited for some operations which have the characteristic of local regular connection. So it is suited for seismic horizon linking. We establish the energy function by setting several different constraints of peak distribution. And we compare this energy function and the standard energy function of a cellular neural network, and then finish the process of network training. Then we use this network which is trained to deal with seismic horizon linking. Detecting seismic horizons will help us to deal with seismic data and interpret seismic data. Another application is seismic pattern recognition. We design cellular neural networks to behave as associative memories, and then use the associative memories to recognize seismic patterns. Seismic pattern recognition will help us to analyze and interpret seismic data.
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張君華. "Cellular Neural Networks For Seismic Horizon Linking And Pattern Recognition." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50346363001612061853.
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Zamora-López, Gorka [Verfasser]. "Linking structure and function of complex cortical networks / von Gorka Zamora-López." 2008. http://d-nb.info/1014240417/34.
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Singh, Arti. "Informatics Approaches to Linking Mutations to Biological Pathways, Networks and Clinical Data." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/2608.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)The information gained from sequencing of the human genome has begun to transform human biology and genetic medicine. The discovery of functionally important genetic variation lies at the heart of these endeavors, and there has been substantial progress in understanding the common patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in humans- the most frequent type of variation in humans. Although more than 99% of human DNA sequences are the same across the population, variations in DNA sequence have a major impact on how we humans respond to disease; to environmental entities such as bacteria, viruses, toxins, and chemicals; and drugs and other therapies and thus studying differences between our genomes is vital. This makes SNPs as well other genetic variation data of great value for biomedical research and for developing pharmaceutical products or medical diagnostics. The goal of the project is to link genetic variation data to biological pathways and networks data, and also to clinical data for creating a framework for translational and systems biology studies. The study of the interactions between the components of biological systems and biological pathways has become increasingly important. It is known and accepted by scientists that it as important to study different biological entities as interacting systems, as in isolation. This project has ideas rooted in this thinking aiming at the integration of a genetic variation dataset with biological pathways dataset. Annotating genetic variation data with standardized disease notation is a very difficult yet important endeavor. One of the goals of this research is to identify whether informatics approaches can be applied to automatically annotate genetic variation data with a classification of diseases.
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Correia, Ana Maria Curado Mateus. "Influence of cross linking degree of a PDMS network in the size of the pores of a selectively etched PDMS-PMMA interpenetration networks." Dissertação, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/58040.
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Correia, Ana Maria Curado Mateus. "Influence of cross linking degree of a PDMS network in the size of the pores of a selectively etched PDMS-PMMA interpenetration networks." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/58040.
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Ho, Cheuk Hei. "Molecular Barcoded Plasmid Yeast ORF Library: Linking Bioactive Compounds to their Cellular Targets and Mapping Dosage Suppressor Networks." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/29745.
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In this thesis I describe a functional genomics resource in which each yeast gene, with its native promoter and 3’UTR, is cloned on a uniquely barcoded low-copy vector. We refer to this resource as the Molecular Barcoded Yeast ORF (MoBY-ORF) library 1.0. Each gene carried by MoBY-ORF 1.0 should mimic its native expression and thus is best suited for complementation cloning. The vector backbone of MoBY-ORF 1.0 is compatible with the mating-assisted genetically integrated cloning (MAGIC) system for recombination cloning in bacterial cells, which allows the transfer of the ORF fragment and its barcoded cassette to other vector backbones. Taking advantage of the MAGIC system, we created a multi-copy version of the library, which we refer to as MoBY-ORF 2.0.
I used MoBY-ORF 1.0 to map drug resistant mutants by complementation cloning with a barcode microarray readout. I investigated several drugs with known targets in my proof-of-principle experiments and showed the feasibility of this method. I identified a single mutation that causes resistance to two different natural products, theopalauamide and stichloroside. By doing so, I was able to link these two chemicals to their cellular target, ergosterol. In fact, theopalauamide represents a new class of sterol binding chemical.
I also describe the use of MoBY-ORF 2.0 to clone dosage suppressors of conditional temperature-sensitive mutants. By doing so, and combing our own data with published literature, we showed that dosage suppression interactions often overlap with protein-protein interactions and negative genetic interactions but not positive interactions; however the majority of dosage suppression interactions are unique and thus they represent an unique edge on a global functional interaction map. We also describe the first genome-wide dosage suppressor interaction map of budding yeast.
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Wei, ShuChen, and 魏緒誠. "The Linking Between Market Orientation and Guanxi Network." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/de8x8y.
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碩士東海大學
企業管理學系碩士班
90
Abstract In the past, western management scholars in the field of relationship marketing did not discuss much about guanxi network and guanxi based on crossculture. As well, there are not many studies discussing about the effect of guanxi to operational performance in eastern society. Guanxi is a quite important factor of social element in eastern society, ba- sed on the viewpoint of market orientation and the effect of environmental, to establish that guanxi is an important factor to affect operational performance. Because guanxi alw- ays can be an important source to obtain the marketing channel and sustainable compete- nce advantage. Thus, the meaning of guanxi is a strong bridge between supplier and buy- er to obtain the benefit continuity. This study classify guanxi into emotional guanxi and instrumental guanxi to discuss which kind supplier would choose. Besides, because of the guanxi''s value uniqueness, scaricity, and difficulty to estimate.This study also further to discusses the effect of oper- ational performance after the guanxi was constructed. The following are the primary find- ings： 1. When the extent of interfunctional coordination between suppliers and buyers are higher, suppliers tend to construct emotional guanxi and instrumental guanxi with buyer. 2. When the market turbulence and technology turbulence increase, the suppliers and buyers tend to build a emotional guanxi but not instrumental guanxi. 3. The construction of emotional guanxi would be auxiliary for market performance, but the construction of instrumental guanxi would be auxiliary for profitability. Keyword：Guanxi、Guanxi Network、Market Orientation、Environmental Turbulence
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Wu, Chia-Han, and 吳佳翰. "Dynamic Linking Framework for a Flexible 5G Core Network." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2j3w27.
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碩士國立交通大學
網路工程研究所
105
It is envisioned in the future that not only smartphones will connect to cellular networks, but also all kinds of different wearable devices, sensors, vehicles, home appliances, VR headsets, and robots etc. However, since the characteristics of these different devices differ largely, people argue that future 5G communication systems should be designed to elastically accommodate these different scenarios. In this thesis, we propose a reconfigurable core network called RECO that demonstrates how to implement customized virtual network entities efficiently to suit for different types of users with different characteristics. We then implement a reconfigurable MME called RECO MME which verifies our proposed RECO architecture. Besides, this thesis particularly focuses on the dynamic linking framework used in our RECO MME. We explain what is dynamic linking thoroughly and show how to use it to implement a framework used for achieving a flexible 5G core network. Finally, we will open source our RECO MME in the coming future so that the whole research community can take benefit out of it.
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Carman, Kevin Ross, and Edwin Neil Hart. "Linking the APADE procurement system to the EDMICS retrieval network through SPLICE." Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21406.
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Chen, Ching-Shun, and 陳慶順. "Based on Digital Image Retrieval Techniques For Secure Information Linking Through Wireless Network." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40804260851829322347.
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碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
電子工程系
97
In recent years, digital image retrieval technology has become a very active research field. Owning to the popularity of Internet connection, the demand for image data certified owner identity and other information for multimedia become very urgent. The certification and enforcement of intellectual property rights for digital multimedia have become an important issue. In addition, more and more commercial products with image retrieval technology, such as image database search and copyright protection, have entered the market for various applications. In this thesis, we will develop the digital verification techniques to link the related information to website through the wireless network. The linking function includes the following three steps: (1) Use the cellular phone to capture an image of the printed material and send the image to a management center through the wireless communication. (2) Retrieve the information automatically from the mass image database of cellular phone by the management center. (3) Connect the cellular phone to the website of the data automatically by using feedback website address, and showing related information on the display of the cellular phone. The success of this project will increase endless commercial value due to the pictures of the advertisement and the art gallery can be connected to related website by the cellular phone easily. Especially, secure communication can be done via the connection of the retrieved image data. In this thesis, we may also adopt the biometric information as the unique feature such as the fingerprint, face and Iris, to increase more secure connection. Keywords: copyright protection, digital image retrieval, wireless network, website, management center