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Richter, E. E. "Improvement of the switch counter-rail lining design." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2021-2-14-20.
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The element of the upper structure of the railway track - the switch counter-rail lining is studied. A variant of the serial design of the PKZhDL-65-4 counter-rail lining is considered. The analysis of the failure rate of counter-rail linings is carried out, and the results of observations of the condition of the linings in different regions are presented. The destruction zone is localized and its character as a multi-cycle fatigue destruction is determined. The information about the conducted complex of experimental studies for investigation of the stress-strain state in the dangerous zone of the lining is presented. To carry out the design studies, the design schemes of the counter-rail lining were developed. Calculated studies of the influence of various factors on the level of stresses acting in the hazardous area of the structure are performed. The influence of the type of the design scheme, the stiffness of the rubber shock-absorbing lining and the properties of the sleeper material is studied. Variants of counter-rail lining designs for reducing the level of stresses acting in the dangerous zone are proposed. Computational studies were conducted to optimize the proposed lining options in order to reduce material consumption. The results of testing of new lining structures on the switches of the South Ural Railway are presented. The information about the conducted complex of experimental studies for investigation of the stress-strain state in the dangerous zone of the lining is presented. To carry out the design studies, the design schemes of the counter-rail lining were developed. Calculated studies of the influence of various factors on the level of stresses acting in the hazardous area of the structure are performed. The influence of the type of the design scheme, the stiffness of the rubber shock-absorbing lining and the properties of the sleeper material is studied. Variants of counter-rail lining designs for reducing the level of stresses acting in the dangerous zone are proposed. Computational studies were conducted to optimize the proposed lining options in order to reduce material consumption. The results of testing of new lining structures on the switches of the South Ural Railway are presented.
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Crudu, Ion, Mircea-Petre Ionescu, Viorel Munteanu, Ion-Florentin Sandu, and Paraschiv Nedelcu. "A tribosystemic approach to refractory lining destruction in blast furnaces." Wear 216, no. 2 (April 1998): 251–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0043-1648(98)00179-3.
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Zhang, X., J. D. Ma, J. Jing, J. Wang, T. Wu, D. Zheng, and L. Dai. "AB0054 SYNOVIAL CD163+ MACROPHAGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH RADIOGRAPHIC JOINT DESTRUCTION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1329.1–1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1141.
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Background:CD163, a hemoglobin scavenger receptor, has been identified as a marker of M2 macrophages, it can promote the release of IL-10 and carbon oxide. Researches on inflammatory diseases and tumors have suggested that CD163 plays anti-inflammatory effect and promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by chronic synovitis with inflammatory cells infiltration including considerable macrophages. However, little is known about the role of CD163+ macrophages in RA synovium.Objectives:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of synovial CD163+ macrophages in RA.Methods:Seventy-five RA patients were recruited and clinical data including disease activity, HAQ and Sharp/van der Heijde-modified Sharp score of bilateral hands and wrists were collected. Synovial tissues were obtained by needle biopsies or arthroscopy of knee joints. Eighteen osteoarthritis (OA) and seventeen orthopedic arthropathies (orth.A) patients were included as controls. All synovium were stained with H&E and immunohistochemically for CD163, CD3, CD20, CD38, CD68, and CD15. Histologic changes of synovitis in H&E stained sections were graded with Krenn’s synovitis score.Results:Positive CD163 expression were found in both lining synoviocytes and sublining inflammatory cells. Both densities of lining and sublining CD163+ macrophages in RA synovium were significantly higher than that in OA or Orth.A synovium (140.47±66.93 vs. 17.85±7.70 vs. 19.76±5.26 and 417.92±249.62 vs. 27.58±14.19 vs. 29.87±9.33, allP<0.001, Figure 1).According to Krenn’s synovitis score, there were 68% RA patients showing high synovitis (score>4). Both lining and sublining synovial CD163+ macrophages were significantly higher than those showing low synovitis (lining: 158.40±62.91 vs. 122.06±66.74, sublining: 462.96±62.91 vs. 371.65±271.54, bothP<0.05). Meanwhile, the densities of lining and sublining CD163+ macrophages were both positively correlated with Krenn’s synovitis score (r=0.238 and 0.343, bothP<0.05).For clinical relationship in RA, the density of sublining CD163+ macrophages was positively correlated with total Sharp score (mTSS) (r=0.399,P<0.001), joint space narrowing subscore (r=0.248,P=0.032) and joint erosion subscore (r=0.457,P<0.001). While the density of lining CD163+ macrophages was positively correlated with mTSS (r=0.319,P=0.005) and joint erosion subscore (r=0.358,P=0.002). Meanwhile, the densities of sublining and lining CD68+ macrophages were also positively correlated with mTSS (r=0.253 and 0.242, bothP<0.05), of which the correlation was weaker than that of CD163+ macrophages (Figure 2). There were no significant correlation between the density of CD163+ macrophages and disease activity or HAQ (allP>0.05).Conclusion:Synovial CD163+ macrophages are associated with radiographic joint destruction, which imply that CD163+ macrophages may play role in the pathogenisis of joint destruction in RA.Figure 1.Representative immunohistochemical findings of synovial CD163 expression. (A) Synovial CD163 expression in an Orth.A patient, an OA patient and a RA patient. (B) Densities of lining and sublining CD163+ macrophages in Orth.A, OA and RA patients.Figure 2.Spearman’s rank correlation analysis for synovial macrophages and mTSS in RA. (A) Correlation between sublining CD163+ macrophages and mTSS, joint space narrowing subscore, joint erosion subscore. (B) Correlation between lining CD163+ macrophages and mTSS, joint space narrowing subscore, joint erosion subscore.Funding: :This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 81801606 and 81971527), Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (no. 2017A030313576, 2018A030313541 and 2019A1515011928).Figures:Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Zavertkin, A. S. "Effect of heat treatment of quartzite on the mechanism of destruction of the lining of induction furnaces." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2019-1-49-53.
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The mechanism of wear of quartzite lining of induction crucible furnaces during the smelting of iron and steel is presented. It has been established that the main cause of lining wear is a decrease in its strength caused by the transition of the tridimite joint into cristobalite, which is much easier to wash off the walls of the crucible with moving metal and slag. The second important factor of wear is the choice of quartzite raw materials, its material and granulometric compositions, the firing mode and the technology of melting during operation of the furnace. Silicon recovery from silica of carbonization lining by carburizer and cast iron, which is part of, is a secondary factor of crucible lining wear. Ill. 4. Ref. 5. Tab. 1.
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Suvorov, S. A., A. P. Shevchik, V. V. Kozlov, and N. V. Arbuzova. "Suppression of decarbonization and resource characteristics of carbonated spinel-corundum refractories in steel-ladle lining." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 5 (November 26, 2021): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2021-5-104-112.
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Experimental studies of changes in the pore structure and physical and technical properties of carbonated spinel-corundum refractories under different conditions of decarbonization and the formation of a protective regulatory layer on their hot surface, suppressing decarbonization of the refractory material and mass transfer between the lining and the flow of slag melt, are presented. The results of industrial tests of carbonated spinel-corundum refractories in the working layer of the lining of a 400-ton steel-ladle lining, as well as the topography and consumption specific coefficients of refractories for the functional zones of the ladle lining, the amount of refractory destruction products of the lining during its operation are considered.
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Lonzinger, Tatiana M., Vadim A. Skotnikov, and Alexey M. Sukharev. "Study of the Influence of Refractories Structure on the Thermomechanical Properties of Tunnel Kiln Equipment Lining." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.150.
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A study of the influence of refractories’ structure on the thermomechanical properties of the lining of the equipment of tunnel kilns has been carried out. The lining of kiln trolleys is subjected to a mechanical stress distributed evenly over the entire area and the most dangerous to brittle materials, as well as to tensile thermal stresses. The magnitude of the tensile thermal stress depends on the material and the structure of the lining. The mechanisms of destruction of products made of fireclay and liquid concrete have been studied. Mineralogical and petrographic analysis of fireclay refractories have been used, as trolley lining has established metasomatic interaction of the lining with the vapor-gas component of the kiln, as well as with the metal of the trolleys. Monolithic products, made of low-cement concrete with corundum filler, are characterized by high strength and resistance to abrasion. The total value of compression and thermal expansion stresses for them is 3.08 MPa, which is half the value of those of fireclay. When conducting the research to optimize the composition of trolley lining, a technology for manufacturing two-layer concrete blocks, combining the advantages of compositions, based on corundum and fireclay, has been developed. The chemical and granulometric composition of fireclay-based concrete in the lower thermal insulation layer and electrocorundum-based concrete in the upper reinforcing layer were selected in such a way, as to ensure similar values of linear thermal expansion coefficients and prevent possible destruction along the boundary between the layers during the operation.
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Акатьев, Владимир, Vladimir Akatev, Л. Волкова, L. Volkova, М. Тюрин, M. Tyurin, Е. Бородина, and E. Borodina. "Taking into Account the Initial Signs of Critical Degradation of a Chimney in the Analysis of the Risk of Its Destruction." Safety in Technosphere 7, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5cf6646e9e17c2.03590798.
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The analysis of the dynamics of the corrosion processes of the lining and concrete trunk of the chimney, depending on the operating conditions and climatic conditions, reveals the conditions for the formation of initial cracks in the lining, the dynamics of their growth, it is shown that, with a density of hair cracks of 10 pieces on an area of 0.5 m2, so permeable that the rates of local corrosion processes of lining and concrete materials create an excessive risk of destruction of the chimney. Especially quickly the degradation processes the chimney is exposed at a point about one-third of the top at gas velocities below 10 and above 20 m/s. Excessive permeability of the lining as an additional critical defect is suggested to be taken into account in the composition of critical defects in the traditional classification of their hazards, and its identification is to be based on the results of recognition of defects in photographs obtained by monitoring the chimney with an autonomous device — by the parameter “exceeding the density of cracks by opening width 1 mm and more than 10 pieces on an area of 0.5 m2. At the same time, in the analysis of the risk of destruction of the chimney, the event tree is complemented by the fourth branch, which means the emergence of a critical defect — excessive permeability of gases through the lining. In addition, the lengths of cracks in the lining and concrete trunk are referred to the diameter of the pipe, which makes the classification more universal.
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Cao, Xiao Ping. "Research on the Earthquake Dynamic Responses of Tunnel under Changing Tunnel Lining Rigidity." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 1978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.1978.
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With the increasing of the quantity of the tunnel, more and more attentions have been paid to the tunnel destruction induced by earthquake. Based on the software of finite element, the finite element model for deeply buried tunnel have been set up; and the responses about different rigidity of tunnel lining under seismic dynamic load has been analyzed by using elastic finite element theory. The conclusions have been drawn that the change of seismic responses by increasing rigidity of tunnel lining is unobvious, and the method using increasing rigidity of tunnel lining to reduce the seismic responses of tunnel is uneconomical.
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Belyakov, Nikita, Olga Smirnova, Aleksandr Alekseev, and Hongbo Tan. "Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composites Subjected Dynamic Loading." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031112.
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The problem of damage accumulation in fiber-reinforced concrete to structures supporting underground workings and tunnel linings against dynamic loading is insufficiently studied. The mechanical properties were determined and the mechanism of destruction of fiber-reinforced concrete with different reinforcement parameters is described. The parameters of the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model for fiber-reinforced concrete at different reinforcement properties are based on the results of lab experiments. Numerical simulation of the composite concrete was performed in the Simulia Abaqus software package (Dassault Systemes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France). Modeling of tunnel lining based on fiber-reinforced concrete was performed under seismic loading.
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KOTKOVA, O. N. "SAFETY MONITORING OF SMOKE STACKS PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY." Urban construction and architecture 3, no. 3 (September 15, 2013): 81–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2013.03.16.
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Industrial chimneys exposed to corrosive gases and temperatures frequently occur following injury - is the destruction of masonry lining and branching from the vertical. Monitoring the state of industrial structures allows to detect violations that occur in structures during the operation and can quickly deal with them.
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Lebedev, Ivan. "Development of a new lining ball mill model for commercial component preservation." E3S Web of Conferences 192 (2020): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019202005.
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At present the main aggregates for fine grinding of gold ores are ball and similar mills, in which in addition to mass ore grinding, deformation and free gold destruction occurs. The article aims to study the process of deformation of free gold extracted during grinding and to develop a ball mill design to preserve the commercial component.
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Wiatr, Agnieszka, Jacek Składzień, and Maciej Wiatr. "Auditory ossicles in ScanningElectron Microscopy." Otolaryngologia Polska 74, no. 4 (May 13, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.1373.
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<b>Introduction: </b>Knowledge about the physiology of a healthy middle ear is essential for understanding the activity and mechanics of the ear as well as the basics of ossiculoplasty. Trauma of the epithelial lining of the tympanic cavity as well as the ossicular chain may be the result of chronic inflammation and surgery. Depending on the observed changes of the middle ear lining, there are several types of distinguished chronic inflammatory changes: simple, with cholesteatoma, with the formation of inflammatory granulation tissue, in course of specific diseases. <br><b>Purpose: </b>The aim of the article is presentation of the microstructure and vasculature of the ossicular chain in the Scanning Electron Microscope. Particular attention is drawn to the anatomical aspects of the structure and connections of auditory ossicles as vital elements for reconstruction of the conduction system of the middle ear. <br><b>Material and method: </b>The analysis covered auditory ossicles standardly removed in accordance with the methodology of the investigated surgical procedures. The preparations were evaluated in a scanning electron microscope. <br><b>Results: </b>The exposure of bone surface promotes deep erosion. The advanced process of destruction of bone surface in the case of chronic otitis media correlates with a significant degree of damage to both the lining covering the auditory ossicles and that surrounding articular surfaces. <br><b>Conclusions: </b>(1) The ossicles in the image of the Scanning Electron Microscope are covered with lining. It passes from the surface of the ossicles to the vascular bundles, forming vascular sheaths; (2) Damage to lining continuity on the surface of the auditory ossicles promotes the rapid destruction of bone tissue in the inflammatory process; (3) The dimensions of the individual ossicles are respectively: malleus – 8.36 +/- 0.01, incus – 8.14 +/- 0.0, stapes – 3.23 +/- 0.01 mm. Behavior of the anatomical length of ossicular chain during tympanoplasty appears to be essential to maintaining adequate vibration amplitude of the conductive system of the middle ear.
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Molchanov, L. S., O. S. Lantukh, and Ye V. Synehin. "Physical Modeling of Erosion Destruction of Teeming Ladle Lining in the Process of Its Exploitation." Visnyk of Vinnytsia Politechnical Institute 142, no. 1 (2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1997-9266-2019-142-1-65-71.
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Akselrod, L. M., and V. Garten. "An alternative lining of steel ladles: technical and economic aspects." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information, no. 12 (December 19, 2018): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2018-12-72-80.
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Quality of steel ladles lining to a big extent determine the economic efficiency of steel-making operation. Direct costs on the refractory lining of them can reach 30–50 % of the costs of lining of a steel-making complex. Experience of utilization of refractory materials of different composition considered with the purpose of efficiency increase of refractory materials application in the steel ladles lining under conditions of steel ladle treatment. Considerable abilities shown to make the lining of steel ladle walls and bottom by both carbon-containing and carbon-free refractory materials taking into account the economic aspect. Lining base of steel-making facilities — BOFs, EAFs and steel ladles — is composed by periclase-carbon (MgO–C) refractories. However those refractories have a high heat conductivity, that effects on the heat operation of steel ladles. When using MgO–С materials, vertical fractures can appear in the ladle walls lining as its residual thickness becomes small. Under definite conditions a working lining chipping takes place, problems appear with lining destruction in the pieces angles with cavities formation at the pieces joining. To level the MgO–С drawbacks, periclase-alumo-carbon (MgO–Al2O3–С) and alumo-periclase-carbon (Al2O3–MgO–С) refractory products are used. Al2O3–MgO–C refractories are widely used in most erosion-intensive lining zone — in the combatting place of steel ladle bottom lining. In Russia monolithic lining of steel ladle bottom is successfully displacing the lining by piece products, including alumo-periclase-carbon ones. Such a replace enables to decrease specific refractory consumption and specific costs of them. At present the technology of concrete application to bottom is implemented for ladles of BOF- and steel-making shops. A technology of concrete ladle walls and bottom is intensively implemented for 120–180-ton ladles. The concrete lining of steel ladles has the following advantages: high withstandability against impregnation by metal-slag melt; absence of metal carbonization by the carbon from ladle lining; increase of running duration of safety lining layer by 2–2.5 times; absence of necessity to use nest blocks in both steel outlet unit and for bottom blow-off lance; absence of cracks in lining, wash-outs in seams, angles and edges of pieces; decrease of gaseous hydrocarbon emissions(phenol, formaldehyde, benzapilene) during lining drying, heating-up and operation (only slag belt remains, where pieces have organic binders); saving of materials, working time and manpower while making and maintain the lining; decrease of specific consumption and specific costs for lining per 1t of steel. For lining of steel ladles of big volumes (more 250 t) alumo-periclase (alumo-spinel) products are widely used in China, Europe and Japan. For such a lining the thermo-mechanical tension, arising in monolithic ladle lining, has a less importance, including at its replacing with metal by using crane. It is easier for the products to compensate the ladle geometry change, resulted in metal shall geometry change in time. A positive influence of carbon-free lining, as well as a lining with low content of magnesium oxide, on metal quality noted, first of all for low- and ultralow carbon grades, and pipe low-alloyed steels.
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Стенин, В. А., И. В. Ершова, and В. А. Жуков. "Simulation of thermal processes in the lining of the ship's boiler." MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg>, no. 4(54) (December 2, 2021): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37220/mit.2021.54.4.040.
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Судовой котлоагрегат подвергается воздействиям высокого давления рабочего тела и температуры дымовых газов. Кроме того работа его осложняется также быстрой и частой сменой нагрузки. Для продолжительной и надёжной работы котлов необходимо обеспечить прочность их конструкций, в частности, футеровки. Судовые котельные агрегаты футеруются огнеупорными материалами, во многом определяющими срок службы котла. При тепловом воздействии на теплоизоляционные материалы футеровки возникают термические напряжения, приводящие к деформации, растрескиванию и разрушению кирпичной кладки. Однако ввиду сложности постановки прямого физического эксперимента пока нет однозначного ответа на вопрос, какие условия способствуют разрушительному тепловому воздействию на футеровку котла. Потому авторы предлагают исследовать тепловые процессы в кирпичной кладке методами математического моделирования. В прикладном пакете ANSYS R17.2 WORKBENCH была создана твердотельная модель элемента футеровки (кирпича), на которой исследовались стационарные и нестационарные процессы теплообмена с граничными условиями первого и третьего рода. В результате экспериментов установлено, что разность деформаций соседних слоев огнеупора пропорциональна градиенту температуры, причём в нестационарных режимах теплообмена величина температурного градиента может значительно превышать его значение в стационарных условиях. Если учесть, что при форсированной нагрузке температура дымовых газов в топочном объёме достигает предельных значений, а интенсивность конвективного теплообмена существенно возрастает, то температурные напряжения, возникающие в футеровке котла, могут превысить предел прочности огнеупора. The ship's boiler unit is exposed to the high pressure of the working fluid and the temperature of the flue gases. The operating conditions are aggravated with rapid and frequent alternations in load. To ensure continuous and reliable operation, boiler and its elements, including lining, design needs to be strong. Ship boilers are lined with fire resistant materials, which lining basically defines lifetime of a boiler. Any heat impact to lining insulation will result in thermal stress that leads to deformation, cracking and destruction of brickwork. However, as direct physical experiment is difficult to conduct, there has been no clear understanding as to what conditions cause destructive thermal impact to the boiler lining. In light of this, the authors propose to investigate thermal processes in brickwork by mathematical modeling methods. Using ANSYS R17.2 WORKBENCH application package, the solid model of the lining element (brick) was created and stationary and non-stationary heat exchange processes with the boundary conditions of the first and third order were investigated. The experiments showed that the difference of deformations of neighboring lining layers was proportional to temperature gradient, yet in non-stationary heat exchange mode the temperature gradient can be significantly higher than that in stationary conditions. Considering that in forced loading mode the temperature of flue gases in boiler furnace can reach its limit and intensity of convective heat exchange increases significantly, the temperature stress that occurs in the boiler lining can exceed the strength of fire resistant brickwork.
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Wang, Bin, Chuanxin Rong, Hua Cheng, Zhishu Yao, and Haibing Cai. "Research and Application of the Local Differential Freezing Technology in Deep Alluvium." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (January 22, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9381468.
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Aiming at the complicated engineering conditions of the auxiliary shaft repair in the Banji coal mine, it was proposed to seal the water around the shaft lining by differential control freezing technology using double rows of holes. The outer row of holes is completely frozen, and the inner row of holes is local differential frozen according to the degree of destruction of the shaft lining. The local differential freezing pipe was successfully developed according to engineering requirements. Numeral simulations were used to predict the development of the freezing temperature field; the results showed that the inward expansion range of the frozen wall formed by the inner row freezing holes was effectively limited and the temperature drop rate of the shaft lining was significantly reduced after the local differential freezing technique was adopted. The on-site monitoring data showed that the temperature of the limited freezing layer was about 5°C higher than that of the conventional freezing layer. During the drainage work and the construction of the new shaft lining, the thickness and average temperature of the frozen wall remained stable, indicating that the implementation of the local differential freezing technology achieved the expected results. Further analysis showed that when the temperature of the limited freezing part of freezing pipes in the inner row was controlled within the range of −15 to −10°C, not only could the frozen wall reach the design thickness and strength but the frost heaving pressure on the existing shaft lining could be effectively eliminated.
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Sun, Xiaoming, Gan Li, Chengwei Zhao, Yangyang Liu, and Chengyu Miao. "Investigation of Deep Mine Shaft Stability in Alternating Hard and Soft Rock Strata Using Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling." Processes 7, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7010002.
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The problem of shaft instability has always been a major difficulty in deep mining practices. The shaft fracture has a high probability of being located near the aquifers and the soft–hard rock contact zone. This paper describes the deformation and stress characteristics of surrounding rock and the shaft lining under the interactive geological conditions under soft and hard rock strata in Anju coal mine, Shandong Province, China. Using the Method of Geological Strength Index (GSI ) and considering the rock-softening characteristics of water, the parameters of rock mass are calibrated. By means of the 3DEC-trigon method, the variation characteristics of surrounding rock and the shaft lining are simulated. After shaft excavation, under the condition of no support, shear failure and tensile failure occur in shallow surrounding rock shafts, and a pressure relief zone is formed. Shear failure is the main destruction mode in deep surrounding rock. Because of the different strengths of the surrounding rock, the deformation of the surrounding rock is significantly different. After the surrounding rock is softened by water absorption, the difference is magnified. The maximum shear stress and plastic zone appear near the interface between soft and hard rock. Under the condition of shaft lining support, uneven deformation of surrounding rock surely leads to nonlinear variation of pressure on the shaft lining. Under the action of an inhomogeneous pressure field, partial shear failure occurs in the shaft lining, and the shear failure area increases after the surrounding rock is softened by water. Because of the nonlinear deformation of the shaft lining, it is easy to produce stress concentration and bending moment near the interface between hard and soft strata. The control methods of advance grouting and pressure relief excavation are proposed to improve the stability of the shaft, and a good effect is gained.
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Navarro-Becerra, J. Angel, Gabriel A. Caballero-Robledo, Carlos A. Franco-Urquijo, Amelia Ríos, and Bruno Escalante. "Functional Activity and Endothelial-Lining Integrity of Ex Vivo Arteries Exposed to Ultrasound-Mediated Microbubble Destruction." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 46, no. 9 (September 2020): 2335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.05.004.
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Fedorenko, G. I., N. F. Tsyapko, A. I. Kuprin, and E. I. Bekhter. "Destruction of the rammed refractory lining of the main trough by the molten pig-iron stream." Metallurgist 29, no. 10 (October 1985): 292–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00737561.
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Nagarajah, Darshini, Mohd Khairi Md Daud, Nur Syazwani Salehuddin, and Nik Adilah Nik Othman. "Tubotympanic cholesteatoma." Malaysian Family Physician 16, no. 3 (September 8, 2021): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51866/cr1136.
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Chronic suppurative otitis media is defined as a chronic inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining of the middle ear cleft. It is described as a persistent disease that is insidious in onset, often capable of causing severe destruction with irreversible sequelae, and clinically present with hearing loss and discharge. It has been classified into tubotympanic (safe) and atticoantral (unsafe) perforation. Cholesteatoma always occur in the atticoantral type and in marginal perforation. We report a case of cholesteatoma that occurred as a tubotympanic type of perforation.
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Atochina-Vasserman, Elena N., Elena Abramova, Melane L. James, Ryan Rue, Amy Y. Liu, Nathan Tessema Ersumo, Chang-Jiang Guo, Andrew J. Gow, and Vera P. Krymskaya. "Pharmacological targeting of VEGFR signaling with axitinib inhibits Tsc2-null lesion growth in the mouse model of lymphangioleiomyomatosis." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 309, no. 12 (December 15, 2015): L1447—L1454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00262.2015.
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Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare progressive lung disease associated with mutations of the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 ( Tsc2) tumor suppressor gene, manifests by neoplastic growth of LAM cells, induction of cystic lung destruction, and respiratory failure. LAM severity correlates with upregulation in serum of the prolymphangiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor D (VEGF-D) that distinguishes LAM from other cystic diseases. The goals of our study was to determine whether Tsc2 deficiency upregulates VEGF-D, and whether axitinib, the Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule inhibitor of VEGF receptor (VEGFR) signaling, will reduce Tsc2-null lung lesion growth in a mouse model of LAM. Our data demonstrate upregulation of VEGF-D in the serum and lung lining in mice with Tsc2-null lesions. Progressive growth of Tsc2-null lesions induces recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and increased nitric oxide production. Recruited cells isolated from the lung lining of mice with Tsc2-null lesions demonstrate upregulated expression of provasculogenic Vegfa, prolymphangiogenic Figf, and proinflammatory Nos2, Il6, and Ccl2 genes. Importantly, axitinib is an effective inhibitor of Tsc2-null lesion growth and inflammatory cell recruitment, which correlates with reduced VEGF-D levels in serum and lung lining. Our data demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of VEGFR signaling with axitinib inhibits Tsc2-null lesion growth, attenuates recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells, and reduces VEGF-D levels systemically and in the lung lining. Our study suggests a potential therapeutic benefit of inhibition of VEGFR signaling for treatment of LAM.
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Shaposhnikov, V., and N. Privezenov. "NEW ASPECT AT THE USE OF FIBERGLASS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL CHIMNEYS." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 10 (October 13, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-10-17-24.
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The change in the operational characteristics of reinforced concrete chimneys with a monolithic lining when changing the traditional construction technology is considered. The difference between the traditional and proposed technology is the replacement of the separating element of the concrete lining and the supporting concrete of the chimney trunk. Traditionally, when installing industrial pipes with a monolithic lining, both with the use of sliding formwork and lifting-adjustable, with almost simultaneous laying of two types of concrete, a steel mesh is used as a separating layer. It is proposed to replace the steel mesh with fiberglass with a heat-insulating coating. Thermal insulation of the "Bronya" type is considered as a multilayer thermal insulation coating. The work presents a comparative analysis of changes in the distribution of temperature fields along the chimney wall during the introduction of this technology on the example of the chimney of the Krasnoyarsk CHPP-1 h=275 m. It is proved that the replacement of steel mesh with fiberglass with a heat-insulating coating improves the physical and chemical characteristics of the structure and provides a more efficient thermal operation of the chimney. The use of this technology will also improve the organization of construction production, reduce construction time and costs, reduce the material consumption of chimney structures and the complication of work on its construction, reduce the possibility of defects and destruction. Therefore, the introduction of the proposed technology will increase the reliability and lifespan of the structures of industrial reinforced concrete chimneys with a monolithic lining
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Kukartsev, V. A., V. V. Kukartsev, and V. S. Tynchenko. "Causes of the Quartzite Lining Destruction during Operation of the IChT Furnace and Ways to Prevent Them." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 459 (April 15, 2020): 062090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/459/6/062090.
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AbdullGaffar, Badr. "Pilar Cyst Pigmented Epithelial Remnants: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall." International Journal of Surgical Pathology 27, no. 6 (April 30, 2019): 639–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066896919846376.
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Pilar cysts are common cutaneous cysts of follicular origin. They are easy to diagnose clinically and pathologically. Histologic diagnostic difficulties might arise in certain situations, however. Acute inflammation with total destruction of the cyst wall due to rupture with replacement by an abscess formation, foreign body giant cell reaction, and fibrosis could obscure their recognition. Cysts with hybrid lining epithelium could be confused with other cutaneous cysts. Epithelial remnants of the basal layer with loss of the squamous epithelium and shelled out cyst contents might mimic other epithelial cysts and vascular lesions. Few studies focused on the phenomenon of epithelial remnants or epithelial separation of pilar cysts. We report a case of a scalp cyst composed of a single layer of pigmented cuboidal lining epithelium. The initial differential diagnosis was hidrocystoma, solid-cystic hidradenoma, arteriovenous malformation, and lymphangioma. The intraepithelial pigment was melanin. The lining epithelium was positive for cytokeratin cocktail, CK5/6, CK8, CK19, p63, and D2-40 with scattered S-100 protein and melan-A positive melanocytes. Being unaware of the phenomenon of epithelial split in pilar cysts, it was mislabeled as a melanin-pigmented eccrine hidrocystoma. Surgical pathologists should be aware of pilar cysts’ epithelial remnants to avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls. An attention to certain histologic hints and knowledge of the immunoprofile of the basal layer should help pathologists avoid this pitfall.
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Pinto, R. M., R. C. Menezes, and R. Tortelly. "Systematic and pathologic study of Paratanaisia bragai (Santos, 1934) Freitas, 1959 (Digenea, Eucotylidae) infestation in ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti (Temminck, 1811)." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 56, no. 4 (August 2004): 472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352004000400008.
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This is the first report of the digenetic trematode Paratanaisia bragai infestation in a ruddy ground dove Columbina talpacoti, captured in a suburban area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Although with a low prevalence (10%), the intensity of infection was high, considering that 116 worms were recovered from one of the kidneys. Gross lesions were not observed and histopathological analysis showed very dilated renal collecting ducts with destruction and flattening of the lining epithelial cells, without inflammatory reaction. The pathological findings were compared to those previously reported for P. bragai in other hosts, since the proposal of the species in 1934.
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Sansonetti, P. J., J. Arondel, M. Huerre, A. Harada, and K. Matsushima. "Interleukin-8 Controls Bacterial Transepithelial Translocation at the Cost of Epithelial Destruction in Experimental Shigellosis." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.3.1471-1480.1999.
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ABSTRACT In shigellosis, the network of cellular interactions mediated by a balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines or chemokines is clearly tipped toward acute destructive inflammation of intestinal tissues by the bacterial invader. This work has addressed the role played by interleukin-8 (IL-8) in a rabbit model of intestinal invasion by Shigella flexneri. IL-8, which is largely produced by the epithelial cells themselves, appears to be a major mediator of the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to the subepithelial area and transmigration of these cells through the epithelial lining. Neutralization of IL-8 function by monoclonal antibody WS-4 caused a decrease in the amount of PMNs streaming through the lamina propria and the epithelium, thus significantly attenuating the severity of epithelial lesions in areas of bacterial invasion. These findings are in agreement with our previous work (31). In contrast to the PMNs, the bacteria displayed increased transepithelial translocation, as well as overgrowth in the lamina propria and increased passage into the mesenteric blood. By mediating eradication of bacteria at their epithelial entry site, although at the cost of severe epithelial destruction, IL-8 therefore appears to be a key chemokine in the control of bacterial translocation.
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Velichko, O., B. Boichenko, M. Mazov, O. Stoianov, Y. Synehin, and D. Vasylev. "Requirements for magnesium-carbon refractories for bof lining and features of steelmaking technologies in its use." Theory and practice of metallurgy, no. 6 (November 20, 2018): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/tpm.6.2018.3.
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The aim of the work is to develop a computer model of BOP-process that takes into account the interrelation of the parameters of steel smelting with the processes of refractories wear and is aimed at improving the conversion efficiency of metal. To achieve this goal, the authors has carried out a theoretical analysis of the patterns of assimilation of refractories by the slag phase formed during BOF smelting, used X-ray structural, spectral and microscopic studies of samples of magnesium-carbon refractories selected from different zones of the converter lining. By the method of regression analysis of the heats, mathematical models have been obtained that describe the features of the destruction of magnesium-carbon refractories. According to the research results, the main factors affecting the internal mass transfer in refractories under the conditions of its contact with the liquid slag melt have been defined. The requirements for the physical and chemical properties of magnesium-carbon refractories of the BOF working layer and for the production conditions have been substantiated. Scientific novelty of the work is the creation of a mathematical model for describing the process of internal mass transfer between the liquid slag phase of BOF and refractory, which takes place in its pores. The influence of the refractory porosity, pore diameter, concentration of the slag components, interfacial tension, wettability of the refractory with the liquid slag phase on the rate of internal mass transfer processes in BOF lining has been determined. The practical significance of the studies is a BOF model developed on a PC and adapted for PJSC “Dniprovsky Metallurgical Plant”, taking into account the interrelation of the parameters of metal conversion with the processes of magnesium-carbon refractories destruction, which allows to predict and optimize the process results.
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Dolgikh, I. Yu, and M. G. Markov. "Development of a condition monitoring system for the refractory lining of induction crucible steelmaking furnaces." Vestnik IGEU, no. 5 (2019): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.5.058-066.
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A wide range of technological advantages of induction crucible melting furnaces makes their use in various sectors of metallurgical production relevant. However, hard operation conditions of the refractory lining of such furnaces makes it necessary to constantly monitor its condition, with the aim to extend the crucible life and prevent emergencies. Moreover, traditional methods based on the use of a bottom electrode and indication of current leakage to earth do not provide a continuous display of the lining destruction degree and make it possible to register only a critical level that requires an emergency shutdown and emptying of the furnace. This circumstance makes it necessary to develop and implement specialized electrical systems with a monitoring and control system that ensures the determination and visualization of the lining wear level and, if necessary, makes an emergency shutdown of the equipment from the power source. The developed complex is based on a microprocessor system that continuously measures the temperature at the control points at the boundary between the bottom and crucible base layers and compares the obtained values with the settings, which are determined previously on a two-dimensional axisymmetric model of the designed furnace by solving the stationary heat conduction equation at various levels of lining failure. We have developed the structure, scheme, and program for a microprocessor-based monitoring and emergency shutdown system of an induction furnace, as well as a mathematical model of the control object, which allows determining the temperature settings. The reliability of the results is confirmed by the applicability of the models to real objects, and is verified by debugging the microprocessor part in the MPLab-Sim and Proteus programs. The obtained results can be used in the practical implementation of the monitoring system and emergency shutdown of induction melting furnaces, which allows increasing the safety of their operation and extending the lining life due to timely repair.
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Saitov, A. V., and V. Yu Bazhin. "The application features of the modified graphitized carbon lining materials in the alumina electrolysis cell." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 5 (July 26, 2018): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2018-5-56-65.
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It was studied how Sodium penetrates inside the samples of the Lithium-modified graphitized carbon material (GCM). The Sodium diffusion coefficients were defined after the GCM's treatment by the Lithium vapor and the diffusion activation energy was calculated for different conditions. The obtained kinetic dependencies allowed to establish the mechanism of Sodium diffusion into the modified GCM. It was shown to be reasonable to expose the GCM's samples to the preliminary treatment by the Lithium vapor which prevents the destruction of the alumina electrolysis cells' cathode surface's lining layers and thus increases its service life. As the tested GCM's samples demonstrated, the possibility was achieved to develop the protection technology of the bottom surface of the Sodium penetration in course of the electrolysis in the alumina-cryolite melts.
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Van Lent, P. L. E. M., A. E. M. Holthuysen, N. Van Rooijen, L. B. A. V. De Putte, and W. B. V. Den Berg. "Local removal of phagocytic synovial lining cells by clodronate-liposomes decreases cartilage destruction during collagen type II arthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 57, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 408–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.57.7.408.
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Symons, R., F. Colella, F. Collins, A. Roelofs, and C. De Bari. "OP0036 IL-6 ACTIVATES YES-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (YAP) IN FIBROBLASTS AND INDUCES YAP-SNAIL COMPLEX FORMATION TO DRIVE SYNOVIAL LINING PATHOLOGY IN INFLAMMATORY ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 19.1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2530.
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Background:In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in synovial lining become invasive and cause joint destruction. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this pathogenic FLS phenotype are incompletely understood. The FLS descend from Growth differentiation factor 5 (Gdf5)-expressing joint interzone cells in the embryo, and we showed that conditional ablation of the transcriptional co-activator Yes associated protein (Yap) in Gdf5-lineage cells prevents synovial lining hyperplasia after traumatic cartilage injury in mice [1].Objectives:Here, we investigated a potential role for Yap in pathogenic FLS in immune-mediated inflammatory arthritis.Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to detect Yap in human RA synovium and Yap, Snail and Ctgf in mouse synovium following antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). To determine the effect of Yap knockout (KO) in synovial stromal cells, AIA was induced in Gdf5-Cre;tdTomato;Yapfl/fl (Yap cKO) and Gdf5-Cre;tdTomato;Yapwt/wt (control) mice, or in Pdgfrα-CreER;Yapfl/fl (Yap ciKO, targeting Pdgfrα-expressing fibroblasts) and Yapfl/fl or YapWT/fl (control) mice after adult tamoxifen induction. Yap KO in both models was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. After nine days, arthritis severity was determined by histological scoring of synovial lining hyperplasia, immune infiltrates, cellular exudate, and marginal erosions. TdTomato+ Gdf5-lineage cells in synovium were quantified. In vitro, Yap reporter cells were treated with inflammatory cytokines to evaluate their ability to stimulate Yap-induced GFP expression by flow cytometry. Snail overexpression, siRNA-mediated Yap knockdown, and IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation were performed on normal mouse FLS, AIA-FLS or human RA-FLS, and cell invasion through a matrigel-coated transwell was quantified. A proximity ligation assay was utilised to detect Yap/Snail complex formation.Results:Average expression levels of Yap (p<0.0001), its transcription factor partner Snail (p=0.002), and their downstream target Ctgf (p=0.0003), were increased in mouse synovium after AIA (n=5), and Yap was highly expressed by FLS in human RA synovium. Yap cKO mice (n=24) showed a significantly decreased arthritis severity (p=0.002) after AIA compared to controls (n=22), with significant reductions in synovial lining hyperplasia (p<0.001), synovial immune cell infiltrates (p=0.026) and marginal erosions (p=0.002). Similarly, Yap ciKO mice (n=6) showed a significant decrease in arthritis score (p=0.039) after AIA compared to controls (n=9). However, both control mice (p<0.001) and Yap cKO mice (p<0.001) showed an extensive expansion of tdTomato+ Gdf5-lineage synovial cells after AIA, with no significant difference between control and Yap cKO mice. In vitro, Yap knockdown prevented IL-6/sIL-6R-induced invasion of normal mouse FLS (p=0.037) and decreased the invasiveness of AIA-FLS (p=0.0057). Using Yap reporter cells, we found that Yap was activated by IL-6/sIL-6R (p=0.016), but not TNFα or IL-1β. Finally, IL-6/sIL-6R treatment of normal mouse FLS (p=0.033) or human RA-FLS (p=0.036) induced Yap-Snail complex formation, and Yap knockdown prevented FLS invasion induced by Snail overexpression (p=0.027).Conclusion:These data demonstrate that via activation by IL-6, and co-operation with the transcription factor Snail, Yap acts as a key modulator of the invasive and destructive phenotype of FLS in inflammatory arthritis. Therapeutic targeting of Yap could reduce joint destruction in RA.References:[1]A. J. Roelofs et al., “Joint morphogenetic cells in the adult mammalian synovium,” Nat. Commun., vol. 8, no. May, p. 15040, 2017. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213799Acknowledgements:This work was funded by the Medical Research Council (MR/L020211/1 and MR/L022893/1) and Versus Arthritis (20775 and 21156).Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Venglarik, Charles J., Julio Girón-Calle, Amanda F. Wigley, Ernst Malle, Nobuo Watanabe, and Henry Jay Forman. "Hypochlorous acid alters bronchial epithelial cell membrane properties and prevention by extracellular glutathione." Journal of Applied Physiology 95, no. 6 (December 2003): 2444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00002.2003.
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In chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways, such as cystic fibrosis, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) generated by neutrophils is involved in airway injury. We examined the effects of HOCl on 16HBE14o– bronchial epithelial cells by bolus addition or by generation with glucose oxidase plus myeloperoxidase. HOCl produced both carbonyl formation of a discreet number of proteins and modification of surface targets that were recognized by an antibody raised against HOCl-modified protein. Bolus or enzymatically generated HOCl decreased transepithelial resistance, but surprisingly bolus HOCl also increased short-circuit current. Glutathione in lung epithelial lining fluid is an excellent scavenger of HOCl; however, glutathione content is lower in cystic fibrosis epithelial lining fluid due to deficient glutathione transport to the apical side of bronchial-tracheal epithelial cells (Gao L, Kim KJ, Yankaskas JR, and Forman HJ. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 277: L113–L118, 1999). We found that alteration of the GSH content of apical fluid above 16HBE14o– cells was protective because all HOCl-induced changes were delayed or eliminated by exogenous glutathione within the physiological range. Extrapolating this to cystic fibrosis suggests that HOCl can alter cell function without destruction but that elevating glutathione could be protective.
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Zernin, M. V., A. V. Matyuhin, and N. N. Rybkin. "Methods for calculation and experimental evaluation of nucleation and development of the fatigue damages in tin based babbitt and babbitt lining of plain bearings." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 87, no. 11 (November 21, 2021): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2021-87-11-43-54.
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Fatigue damage to babbitt layers of plain bearings is often manifested during operation. The goal of the study is to develop a model for accumulation of the fatigue damage and destruction of antifriction materials and layers of plain bearings. A generalized fatigue diagram of tin-based babbitts including the main stages of fatigue damage and a diagram of the fatigue damage development in the antifriction layer of plain bearings are presented. The generalized model of V. V. Bolotin for damage accumulation and destruction is modified with regard to antifriction materials containing rather large structural elements. An explicit (direct) modeling of damage processes appeared possible for such materials. The model describes dissipated accumulation of microcracks (interpreted as destruction of the elements of the material structure), initiation and development of a system of short cracks, initiation and development of macro-cracks up to the limit state of the object. The model suggests discretization of the volume into sections with constant levels of complex stress state and discretization of the time axis into the intervals (blocks of loading cycles). The problem of identifying the parameters of a multistage model of the fatigue damage accumulation in the alloy is solved proceeding from the analysis of the results of testing babbitt specimens. We used the simplest optimization procedure, i.e., the method of deformable polyhedron. The parameters of the power function in the dependence of the rate of microdamage accumulation on the level of stresses are obtained. The parameters of the initiation and development of the crack system in the babbitt layer are obtained from the analysis of experimental results of studying steel-babbitt samples. The problem of calculating the durability of antifriction babbitt layers required the development of a new software. The program is examined by comparing calculated and experimental values of the durability of fatigue-tested bearing specimens forced against a rotating shaft by varying cyclic load. The calculated values of the durability match the experimental which confirms the performance of the calculated model.
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Merzlikin, N. V., M. A. Maksimov, V. F. Tskhai, V. N. Salo, P. S. Bushlanov, L. Yu Petrov, V. E. Gunther, L. V. Kim, T. A. Noroeva, and A. P. Sarueva. "The use of endoscopic cryoapplicator in liver and gallbladder surgery." Issues of Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery 24, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.52581/1814-1471/77/09.
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Purpose of the study. To investigate the efficacy of focal destruction tissues of local liver diseases, chole- and hemostasis of created endoscopic cryoapplicator in operations on the liver and gallbladder.Material and methods. Review the results of surgical treatment of 121 patients with various diseases of the liver (tumors, alveococcosis, parasitic and non-parasitic cysts) and gallbladder (chronic and acute cholecystitis) using a new endoscopic porous TiNi cryoapplicator. 49 patients were operated by an open method, 72 - laparoscopically. Hemo-and cholestatic control of the instrument was performed intraoperative and in postoperative period - by clinical condition of patient and by ultrasonography. Efficiency of destruction of focal liver diseases was investigated by histological examinations of surgical materials, is confirmed by the absence of relapses in the period from 4 to 6 years.The results. Cryoapplicator is simple in use, in sterilization, no energy consumption, can be used both in open surgery, particularly in arduous regions of the liver and laparoscopic procedures and, most importantly, patients with artificial cardiac pacemakers.Cryodestruction of the liver stump after its resection and the bed of the gallbladder after cholecystectomy reduces blood loss by 30-40%, and also helps to reduce the number of relapses of the disease. There were not observed bleeding and bile leakage in postoperative period. Histological examination proved picture of avascular necrosis, a violation of tissue structure of subjected to destruction liver focal diseases, death of epithelial lining of non-parasitic cysts and membranes of echinococcal cysts. There were not diseases recurrences in the period from 4 to 6 years.Conclusion. Endoscopic porous TiNi cryoapplicator is simple and convenient in use, it has a good hemo- and cholestatic effects, pronounced effect to local destruction of liver focal diseases, can be recommended for open and laparoscopic operations on liver.
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Isagulov, A. Z., I. D. Kashcheev, E. A. Sidorina, and K. G. Zemlyanoy. "The mechanism of destruction of the coke oven gas cupola lining under the influence of alkalis and fluorine. Part 2." NOVYE OGNEUPORY (NEW REFRACTORIES), no. 11 (March 25, 2022): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1683-4518-2021-11-3-6.
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Umurzakov, Uktam, Bakhtiyor Obidov, Oybek Vokhidov, Furqat Musulmanov, Boyburi Ashirov, and Javlon Suyunov. "Force effects of the flow on energy absorbers in the presence of cavitation." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 03076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126403076.
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As the experience of operating high-pressure spillway structures shows, the operating conditions of the downstream extinguishing devices are very difficult. At flow rates, more than 12–15 m/s, downstream damping devices, as a rule, operate in a cavitation mode. First of all, this mode of operation gives rise to erosional destruction of the damper itself and the waters near it. This occurs where the cavitation torch closes on the structure. Attempts to avoid these desirable phenomena by lining erosion sites with steel sheets do not always lead to the desired result since it is not uncommon for the steel lining to be torn off by hydrodynamic forces. The separation of the cladding occurs in two cases: firstly, when the cladding is not in close contact with the concrete to be protected, and secondly, its anchoring is not enough. In both cases, fracture occurs from fatigue phenomena in the metal due to multiple oscillatory cycles from hydrodynamic loads. It is difficult to avoid this in cavitation modes since the spectrum of pressure pulsations, in this case, is very wide, which leads to oscillations of linings at resonant frequencies. Apparently, the strength of the linings is an object of special research, and in the future, it should be dealt with theoretically and experimentally. Hydrodynamic forces at high flow rates in the zone of intense energy extinguishing can reach such values that they can lift and overturn concrete slabs of water walls and water walls. Currently, there are practically no specific and accounting for vertical hydrodynamic loads on slabs of water walls in the presence of cavitation on erosion-free absorbers in the technical literature. To a certain degree of approximation, it is possible to use experimental data obtained on a model of the same structure but operating without cavitation, as data on hydrodynamic loads in the downstream of structures operating in a cavitation mode. The main disadvantage of such comparisons is that there is no guarantee that the amplitude and frequency characteristics of the flow during cavitation do not change (in particular, the amplitudes do not increase) as the cavitation limit is approached.
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Santi, Mariele de, Marcos Rogério André, Estevam Guilherme Lux Hoppe, and Karin Werther. "Occurrence of Paratanaisia confusa Freitas, 1951 in free-living guira cuckoo (Guira guira, Cuculiformes: Crotophagidae)." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 26, no. 2 (June 2017): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612017014.
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Abstract This report presents a description of natural infection of an adult free-living guira cuckoo with Paratanaisia confusa. Histological and morphological evaluations of renal and parasite samples were performed. The morphological analysis of the parasites revealed spiny tegument, characteristic of P. confusa helminthes. Although macroscopic alterations were absent in the kidneys, the histopathology revealed parasites inside the collecting ducts causing dilatation and destruction of the lining epithelial cells in addition to small focal inflammatory infiltrates in the renal parenchyma. However, as the bird was free-living and naturally infected it was not possible to confirm if all these alterations were directly caused by the parasite presence or if they were related to causes other than the parasitism. Nonetheless, such findings indicate that these trematodes may have pathogenic potential in this host.
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Brazhnik, D. A., G. D. Semchenko, G. N. Shabanova, I. N. Rozhko, and V. V. Makarenko. "Investigation of physicomechanical properties of carbide-silicon materials using the disten-sillimanite raw material of Ukraine." Scientific research on refractories and technical ceramics 118 (July 11, 2018): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35857/2663-3566.118.05.
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Structural destruction is less for products used in various furnaces of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, on the surface of which a melt with a high viscosity is formed during service. With this in mind, it seems appropriate to use silicon carbide materials, the grains of which are coated with a quartz film that protects SiC from rapid destruction in an oxidizing medium. To form a quartz film on carborundum grains, it is necessary to introduce quartz-containing raw materials, in particular, disthen-sillimanite concentrate, which allows to create the necessary phase composition of the lining mass in the process of raising the temperature at the initial stage of the furnace operation. The article is considered the possibility of using the disthen-sillimanite raw materials of Ukraine in the development of carbide-silicon materials. Various types of binder (ethyl silicate ETS-40, ETS 40/60, TLS, thermoplastic), variants of their correlation among themselves, and also with a different amount of disthen-sillimanite concentrate, are given. The possibility of controlling the physical and mechanical characteristics of materials by adjustment of the components ratio of binder and disthen-sillimanite concentrate is shown. The best combination of characteristics of silicon carbide materials, which is achieved by using a specific amount of disthen-sillimanite concentrate, is established.
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Sodek, J., A. Paes Batista Da Silva, and R. Zohar. "Osteopontin and Mucosal Protection." Journal of Dental Research 85, no. 5 (May 2006): 404–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910608500503.
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Protection of mucosal tissues of the oral cavity, intestines, respiratory tract, and urogenital tract from the constant challenge of pathogens is achieved by the combined barrier function of the lining epithelia and specialized immune cells. Recent studies have indicated that osteopontin (OPN) has a pivotal role in the development of immune responses and in the tissue destruction and the subsequent repair processes associated with inflammatory diseases. While expression of OPN is increased in immune cells—including neutrophils, macrophages, T- and B-lymphocytes—and in epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic cells of inflamed tissues, deciphering the specific functions of OPN has been difficult. In part, this is due to the broad range of biological activities of OPN that are mediated by multiple receptors which recognize several signaling motifs whose activities are influenced by post-translational modifications and proteolytic processing of OPN. Understanding the role of OPN in mucosal inflammation is further complicated by its contributions to the barrier function of the lining epithelia and the complexity of the specialized mucosal immune system. In an attempt to provide some insights into the involvement of OPN in mucosal diseases, this review summarizes current knowledge of the biological activities of OPN involved in the development of inflammatory responses and in wound healing, and indicates how these activities may affect the protection of mucosal tissues.
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Lostal, Marina. "Implementing Reparations in the Al Mahdi Case." Journal of International Criminal Justice 19, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 831–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqab064.
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Abstract The city of Timbuktu evokes remoteness and, since 2012, chaos and destruction. During an armed conflict in the north of Mali, radicals took over the city and destroyed several of its mausoleums. One of the perpetrators, Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi, was convicted at the International Criminal Court (ICC) for his participation in the destruction of 10 religious and historic buildings. The unprecedented nature of the Al Mahdi case led to an equally unprecedented question at the reparations phase: who are the victims of cultural heritage destruction and how should their harm be addressed? Drawing from the author’s personal involvement in the case as an appointed expert, this article is a journey into how this question was resolved and the practical challenges it posed during the implementation phase. These challenges, while specific to the Al Mahdi case, provide a framework to demonstrate the level of complexity involved in the implementation of reparations. The article focuses on three ‘monumental’ challenges: (i) whether ‘unborn children’ should be included in the pool of victims given that cultural heritage is meant to be preserved for the benefit of future generations; (ii) what place women ought to occupy in the implementation of reparations, despite the customary practices of side-lining them; and (iii) the decision of whether to memorialize events surrounding the crime. On the latter challenge, the article introduces the concept of ‘restorative agency’, a working principle that was adopted to ensure memorialization practices reflect the experience of victims. Incidentally, this article reveals some of the work of the Trust Fund for Victims, one of the ICC’s least comprehended creations, and briefly discusses the role of experts during implementation moving forward.
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van Lent, P. L. E. M., W. de Munter, A. B. Blom, A. W. Sloetjes, and W. B. van den Berg. "A high cholesterol diet causes fat uptake by synovial lining macrophages and enhances joint inflammation and cartilage destruction during experimental arthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 71, Suppl 1 (February 2012): A69.1—A69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201237.20.
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Wahl, S. M., D. G. Malone, and R. L. Wilder. "Spontaneous production of fibroblast-activating factor(s) by synovial inflammatory cells. A potential mechanism for enhanced tissue destruction." Journal of Experimental Medicine 161, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.161.1.210.
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A characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis is hyperplasia of the synovial lining cells and fibroblasts, the source of tissue-degrading mediators, in association with the appearance and persistence of lymphocytes in affected joints. Diseased synovial tissue obtained at arthroscopy from 10 of 12 rheumatoid arthritis patients was found to release a factor(s) that could stimulate quiescent fibroblasts to proliferate in vitro. Mononuclear cells isolated from this synovial tissue and from the synovial fluid spontaneously produced fibroblast-activating factor(s) (FAF). In contrast, synovial tissue from patients with noninflammatory joint disease did not release FAF. By gel filtration, FAF was detected in two peaks (40,000 and 15,000 mol wt) that were consistent with the previously described peripheral blood T lymphocyte- and monocyte-derived factors with identical activity. The mononuclear cells were predominantly OKT3+/Leu-1+ T lymphocytes and OKM1+ cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage that expressed HLA-DR antigens, suggesting prior activation of these cells. Mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood of these patients did not spontaneously secrete FAF. Lymphocytes and monocytes from the site of synovial inflammation appear to be activated in situ to produce factors that may contribute to the hyperplasia and overgrowth of the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Egorov, I. E., I. V. Gleizer, and A. G. Kazakov. "COAST GEOMORPHOSYSTEMS OF THE RIGHT BANK OF THE VOTKINSK RESERVOIR." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 30, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 438–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2020-30-4-438-447.
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Methods and results of field studies of the complex of coastal processes on the right Bank of the Votkinsk reservoir are presented. They include observations of the rate of destruction and retreat of the walls of landslide-scree slopes, cut by abrasion, and processes that develop on the emerging shallows. For the first time, the processes of slow mass displacement of material entering the shallows due to the destruction of the banks were established and quantified within the shallow coastal waters. The main morphological types of coastal geomorphosystems are identified and the rates of re-formation are determined for their surface and underwater parts. It is noted that the most productive processes in relation to the flow of loose material into the reservoir bowl are the processes of shedding. Accordingly, weathering, as a source of loose material formation, acquires the importance of the most important shore-forming factor in the surface part of coastal geomorphosystems in the reservoir conditions. Among the most important lithodynamic flows of underwater sections of the coastal zone, the underwater "creep" is singled out. It was found that the layer of loose sediment lining the bench with a layer of 20-25 cm by the beginning of ice formation completely slides in the drying zone at a distance of 15-20 meters by the beginning of spring water discharge. Mass displacement of fine-grained earth occurs in the summer, but the slid material is actively replenished with abrasive products in the summer. Banks are destroyed by parallel retreat of the underwater and surface parts of the coast. At present, the rate of coastal destruction often increases rather than decreases, which makes it necessary to review some theoretical provisions concerning the laws of coastal development and forecast estimates. The results obtained can be used to estimate the rate of siltation of the reservoir basin.
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Taira, T. M., V. Lima, D. S. Prado, T. A. Silva, J. P. M. Issa, L. A. B. da Silva, D. S. Zamboni, F. Q. Cunha, and S. Y. Fukada. "NLRP12 Attenuates Inflammatory Bone Loss in Experimental Apical Periodontitis." Journal of Dental Research 98, no. 4 (January 25, 2019): 476–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034518820289.
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Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory disorder that results from the host immune response to microbial infection through the dental pulp, leading to alveolar bone destruction. The nod-like receptor 12 (NLRP12) is an atypical intracellular sensor of the NLR family that is involved in the negative regulation of several inflammatory conditions and also osteoclastogenesis. However, the role of NLRP12 in the regulation of immune response and bone loss induced by bacterial infection remains unclear. Here we investigated the development of apical periodontitis in wild-type (WT) and NLRP12 knockout (NLRP12–/–) mice by using micro–computed tomography together with histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular analyses. We found that NLRP12–/– mice are highly susceptible to apical periodontitis induced by bacterial infection, which is associated with an elevated infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages, periapical lesion extension, and alveolar bone destruction. Furthermore, NLRP12–/– mice showed a high expression of inflammatory cytokines ( Il1b, Il6, and Tnfa) and the osteoclastogenic markers ( Rankl and Acp5) in the periapical tissues. Consistent with this observation, NLRP12–/– mice showed an increased number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase–positive cells lining the apical periodontitis site, which was associated with augmented expression of the osteoclast effector genes, Ctsk and Mmp9. Mechanistically, NLRP12-deficient preosteoclasts showed elevated IκB-α degradation and p65 phosphorylation when stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)–κB ligand (RANKL). Similarly, increased IκB-α degradation was observed in the periapical tissue of NLRP12–/– mice. Furthermore, our in vitro study showed that preosteoclasts from NLRP12–/– mice exhibited higher RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, which was synergistically amplified by interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α (mimicking an inflammatory periapical milieu). In conclusion, our data show that NLRP12 exhibits a protective role in the periapical bone destruction by attenuating inflammation and osteoclastogenesis through negative regulation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Al-Labban, N. Q. M. "New parasites of local duck recorded in Iraq with histopathological study." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2013): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol12iss1art244.
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This study was conducted to determine endoparasites in local ducks in Al-Diwaniya province. A total of 80 birds were collected from different areas of Al-Diwaniya city. Examination of the internal organs and fecal samples revealed the infection of (47.5%) of total examined birds with parasites. These parasites involved three specieses recorded as first time in Iraq which were the nematode Hystrichis tricolour with percentage of infection (10%), trematode Tracheophilus cymbium with prevalence (7.5%) and protozoa Wenyonella philiplevinei (3.75%). Many histopathological changes were noticed in the internal organs due to parasitic infections. The histological sections from proventriculas show irregular arrangement of cells and increase the empty spaces among the cells of glands, also sections from lung show caseous necrosis and cellular oedema full most alveoli in the lung with infiltration of inflammatory cells and mucous discharge in the lumen of bronchioles, in cecum histological section reveal destruction of villi with desquamation of epithelial cells lining villi and infiltration of inflammatory cells (eosinophil) in sub mucosa.
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Li, C. H., and S. Amar. "Inhibition of SFRP1 Reduces Severity of Periodontitis." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 9 (September 2007): 873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708600913.
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Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) is implicated as a major pathogen in periodontitis, a common infectious disease characterized by the inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues. Secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) modulates apoptosis in different cell types. To characterize the roles of SFRP1 in periodontitis, we used a P. gingivalis-induced murine periodontitis model. Inflammatory responses were measured by morphometric and histomorphometric analysis, apoptosis assay, and immunohistochemistry. We found that P. gingivalis-infected mouse periodontal tissues expressed significantly more SFRP1 compared with those of control mice. Also, in P. gingivalis-infected animals, more apoptosis of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and bone-lining cells was observed compared with controls. Antibody experiments aimed at inhibiting SFRP1 expression in periodontitis resulted in a reduction of periodontal breakdown, inflammatory cell infiltrate, osteoclastogenesis, and apoptosis of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts. The results of our studies suggest that SFRP1 may be involved in the development of periodontitis, since inhibiting SFRP1 resulted in reduced periodontal breakdown.
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Deitz, Dan. "FEA Makes Airframes Safer." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 01 (January 1, 1998): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jan-3.
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This article focuses on data gathered during the controlled destruction of a Boeing 747 airliner are helping engineers to identify ways of strengthening aircraft to make them less vulnerable to an internal explosion. Even though it may not help engineers understand the specific events in the crash of Flight 800, a controlled explosion of a Boeing 747 by the British Defence Evaluation Research Agency (DERA) , based in London, could point the way to controlling the damage from airliner explosions in the future. The 747-1 00 had been an attraction at the Bruntingthorpe Aerodrome in Leicestershire, England, before it was purchased by the British Ministry of Defence and the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Initially, the meshes were too coarse for the dynamic analyses to be used in the test, so engineers refined them accordingly in the blast area. Using new features in MSC/DYTRAN 4, the team will model the airframe as a series of layers, which is representative of the lining concepts to be tested.
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Ustinov, A., and Eugene Pitukhin. "Improving the Efficiency of Protection of the Forest Fire Machine against Forest Fires with the Help of Composite Materials." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 700–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.700.
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The article presents the results of work aimed at improving the efficiency of forest fire protection machine from forest fires using composite materials. The composition and technology of composite material “water glass – graphite microparticles” production is proposed. It was found that composite material is able to maintain the phase composition and structure at elevated temperatures. Methods of application of fire-retardant composite material on the protected surfaces are considered. The values of limit loads that lead to the destruction of composite material are revealed. A mathematical model was developed and a numerical experiment of high temperatures on composite material was carried out using it as a fire-retardant coating. The resulting composite material can be used as a protective coating for the surfaces of the enclosure of cabins of forest fire machines, building structures. CM can be used as a lining of equipment in the thermal power and metallurgical industries, as well as in equipment used in emergency situations.
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Zhang, Yufang, Jian Li, Hongyu Liu, Wei Li, Jiaming Li, and Lijie Hou. "Research on the Interaction Mechanism between Landslide and Tunnel Engineering." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (November 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2265459.
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The landslide at the entrance of a railway tunnel is large scale, and serious diseases are prone to appear under natural disasters, which threaten the safety of the tunnel. According to its characteristics, on-site long-term monitoring experiments and numerical analysis were carried out, and the mechanism of interaction between landslide and tunnel engineering was analyzed. The results show that under the impact of rainfall and earthquake, the original internal stress balance in the landslide body is disturbed, leading to the increase in landslide thrust and damage of the tunnel lining. Simultaneously, the excavation of the tunnel can slack the surrounding rock to increase the landslide thrust and make the landslide be finally formed; this landslide conversely acts on the tunnel, resulting in deformation and destruction of the tunnel. During the monitoring, under the influence of rainfall and earthquake, the stress of the secondary lining was continuously increased by 25%. Tunnel construction caused a maximum deformation of 30 mm in the antislide pile at a distance of 2.12 m, and the slope and the tunnel were also affected. Under extreme conditions such as rainfall and earthquake, shear failure occurred at the vault, bottom, and waist of the right-line tunnel located at the junction of soil and rock; at this time, the tensile strength of the tunnel reached 93.8% of the limit value of concrete, which seriously affected the safety of the tunnel. As for the weakened tunnel structure, measures such as dense planting and strengthening of concrete strength should be adopted to enhance the safety of the tunnel structure.
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Ignatyuk, Roman, Oleksandr Ryzhyi, Leonid Serilko, Oleksandr Stadnyk, and Dmytro Serilko. "JUSTIFICATION OF TRANSPORT PARAMETERS AND MODELING OF THE PROCESS OF DESTRUCTION OF THE ELASTIC-PLASTIC ENVIRONMENT." Transactions of Kremenchuk Mykhailo Ostrohradskyi National University, no. 5(130) (October 27, 2021): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/1995-0519.2021.5.89-96.
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Purpose. The substantiation of the mathematical model of mechanical deformation of the elastic-plastic medium and the modeling of the transport process of the expansion assemblies. Methodology. Mathematical and theoretical studies were based on the fundamental theory of continuum mechanics and general positions of engineering mechanics. Analytical and graphical analysis of mathematical models carried out on a PC in a specialized software complex. Results. In the current conditions of economic development of the country, considerable attention should be paid to the development and modernization of certain sectors of the economy. Significant amounts of work, which are accompanied by the development of soil of different properties, which can be defined as an elastic-plastic material. These studies will solve a number of problems that are acute not only in agriculture but also in construction, in the open pit mining, reclamation, one of which is an imperfect process of loosening the soil during its cultivation. Therefore, the urgent problem is to establish rational parameters of the transport surface of the unit for loosening the elastic-plastic material. The developed mathematical model allows determining the emerging stress, which in turn determines the boundary of the destruction of the elastic-plastic material. In the design of lining assemblies, it is advisable to have a radius of the outlet section R = 0.18 m or more. Originality. The mathematical models for the process of destruction of elastic-plastic material and forecasting of optimal transport parameters for designing of expansion assemblies are obtained. Practical value. The developed mathematical model will provide an improvement in the process of loosening elastic-plastic material, and engineering calculations during the design of the rutter can prevent unwarranted increase in resistance, with displaced materials on the cutting surface. References 10, figures 8.