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Journal articles on the topic 'Lingulodinium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Wang, Yunling, Tyler MacKenzie, and David Morse. "Purification of Plastids from the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium." Marine Biotechnology 7, no. 6 (August 23, 2005): 659–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10126-004-5126-2.

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2

BASTIANINI, M., C. TOTTI, A. PENNA, A. DE LAZZARI, and M. MONTRESOR. "Dinoflagellate cysts production in the north-western Adriatic Sea." Mediterranean Marine Science 17, no. 3 (November 16, 2016): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.1770.

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A sediment trap study was conducted in the Gulf of Venice, north-western Adriatic Sea, from April to December 2005 to assess relationships between planktonic dinoflagellates and cyst production. Every month, CTD profiles and discrete samplings for phytoplankton, nutrients and particulate matter were conducted. Cyst fluxes spanned from 90 to 127,600 cysts m-2 d-1 and major peaks were due to a small cyst attributed to cf. Biecheleria and to calcareous cysts of Scrippsiella trochoidea. A good correspondence between cyst fluxes in sediment traps and the presence of the corresponding vegetative cells in the water column was detected for Lingulodinium polyedrum, and species of the genera Spiniferites,Gonyaulax and Protoperidinium. A PCR method applied to surface sediment samples allowed the identification of a number of potentially harmful dinoflagellate cysts (Alexandrium minutum, A. tamutum, A. taylorii, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Protoceratium reticulatum).

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3

Liu, Bolin, Samuel Chun-Lap Lo, Daniel P. Matton, B. Franz Lang, and David Morse. "Daily Changes in the Phosphoproteome of the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium." Protist 163, no. 5 (September 2012): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2011.11.001.

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4

Lewis, Jane. "Cysts and Sediments: Gonyaulax Polyedra (Lingulodinium Machaerophorum) in Loch Creran." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, no. 4 (November 1988): 701–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400028812.

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The distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in sediments is a subject of increasing interest. There have been several approaches, of which two are relevant to this investigation. The studies of palynologists who endeavour to relate the distribution of cyst assemblages to environmental factors (for example Reid, 1972; Wall et al. 1977; Harland, 1983) and the studies of phycologists, concerned with toxic dinoflagellate blooms, who concentrate on the distributions of cysts of bloom species (for example Anderson, Kulis et al. 1982; Thayer et al. 1983). Consequently an increasing amount of information on quantitative distribution of cysts has become available. In 1976 Dale reported the investigation of sediments from Trondheimsfjord, relating the abundance of cysts to the percentage abundance of finer sediment. Wall et al. (1977) provided a more comprehensive picture of this relationship showing that cyst density (numbers of cysts per gram dry weight of sediment) increased logarithmically with increased percentage of the silt plus clay mineral fraction to a level where this comprised 50–60% of the sediment, after this no further increase occurred.

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5

Wang, Y. "Rampant polyuridylylation of plastid gene transcripts in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium." Nucleic Acids Research 34, no. 2 (January 30, 2006): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkj438.

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6

Yarimizu, Kyoko, Ricardo Cruz-López, Hendrik Auerbach, Larissa Heimann, Volker Schünemann, and Carl J. Carrano. "Iron uptake and storage in the HAB dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." BioMetals 30, no. 6 (October 24, 2017): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10534-017-0061-7.

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7

Mayali, X., PJS Franks, and F. Azam. "Bacterial induction of temporary cyst formation by the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 50 (December 12, 2007): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame01143.

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8

Leit�o, M. A. da S., K. H. M. Cardozo, E. Pinto, and P. Colepicolo. "PCB-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Unicellular Marine Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 45, no. 1 (July 1, 2003): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-002-0208-5.

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9

Maciel-Baltazar, Ebodio. "Toxic dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) the coast of Chiapas , Mexico , Eastern Pacific center." UNED Research Journal 7, no. 1 (June 5, 2015): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22458/urj.v7i1.860.

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In this paper are given to know toxic species with public health importance, samples were obtained during 2010-2012 in the coast of Chiapas, México, by net (20 μm mesh) in vertical hauls (up to 15 m), fixed with Lugol’s solution and studied by light microscope bright field, Twenty-four species were documented to be present in the study área: Gymnodinium (1); Alexandrium (5); Pyrodinium (1); Phalacroma (2); Dinophysis (4);Prorocentrum (4); Karenia (4); Protoceratium (1); Gonyaulax (1); Lingulodinium (1), It was found corresponding with 64-89% of the species from coastal waters of México.

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10

Than, N. N., S. Fotso, B. Poeggeler, R. Hardeland, and H. Laatsch. "Niruriflavone, a New Antioxidant Flavone Sulfonic Acid from Phyllanthus niruri." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2006-0111.

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A new flavone sulfonic acid 1 named niruriflavone was isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Phyllanthus niruri (Euphorbiaceae), together with 6,10,14-trimethyl-2- pentadecanone, hypophyllanthin, gallic acid, brevifolin carboxylic acid, methyl brevifolin carboxylate, isoquercetin, quercetin-3-O-β -D-glucopyranosyl(1→ 4)-α-rhamnopyranoside, corilagin, and isocorilagin, whose structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and comparison with published data. In an ABTS cation radical reduction assay, niruriflavone (1) exhibited potent radical scavenging properties. A biological test system based on bioluminescence of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum did not reveal any prooxidant properties of 1 at 50 μM.

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11

Tanikawa, Naomi, Hidetoshi Akimoto, Katsunori Ogoh, Wu Chun, and Yoshihiro Ohmiya. "Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum During Dark Phase¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 80, no. 1 (2004): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1562/2004-03-12-ra-110.1.

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12

Dagenais-Bellefeuille, Steve, Mathieu Beauchemin, and David Morse. "miRNAs Do Not Regulate Circadian Protein Synthesis in the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." PLOS ONE 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2017): e0168817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168817.

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13

Cardozo, Karina H. M., Marcone A. L. Oliveira, Marina F. M. Tavares, Pio Colepicolo, and Ernani Pinto. "Daily Oscillation of Fatty Acids and Malondialdehyde in the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Biological Rhythm Research 33, no. 4 (October 2002): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/brhm.33.4.371.8802.

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14

Tanikawa, Naomi, Hidetoshi Akimoto, Katsunori Ogoh, Wu Chun, and Yoshihiro Ohmiya. "Expressed Sequence Tag Analysis of the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum During Dark Phase¶." Photochemistry and Photobiology 80, no. 1 (April 30, 2007): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2004.tb00045.x.

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15

Barros, M. P., H. C. Hollnagel, A. B. Glavina, C. O. Soares, D. Ganini, S. Dagenais-Bellefeuille, D. Morse, and P. Colepicolo. "Molybdate:sulfate ratio affects redox metabolism and viability of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Aquatic Toxicology 142-143 (October 2013): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.08.012.

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16

Martins, P. L. G., L. G. Marques, and P. Colepicolo. "Antioxidant enzymes are induced by phenol in the marine microalga Lingulodinium polyedrum." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 116 (June 2015): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.003.

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17

MACKENZIE, TYLER D. B., and DAVID MORSE. "Circadian photosynthetic reductant flow in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium is limited by carbon availability." Plant, Cell & Environment 34, no. 4 (February 11, 2011): 669–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02271.x.

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18

Figueroa, Rosa Isabel, and Isabel Bravo. "SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND TWO DIFFERENT ENCYSTMENT STRATEGIES OF LINGULODINIUM POLYEDRUM (DINOPHYCEAE) IN CULTURE1." Journal of Phycology 41, no. 2 (March 17, 2005): 370–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.04150.x.

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19

S., Mallipattu, Haidekker M., P. Von Dassow, Latz M., and Frangos J. "Evidence for shear-induced increase in membrane fluidity in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 188, no. 5 (June 1, 2002): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-002-0315-9.

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20

Peña Manjarrez, JL. "Environmental factors influencing the variability of Lingulodinium polyedrum and Scrippsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae) cyst production." Ciencias Marinas 35, no. 1 (March 15, 2009): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v35i1.1406.

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21

Busch, M., D. Caron, and S. Moorthi. "Growth and grazing control of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in a natural plankton community." Marine Ecology Progress Series 611 (February 14, 2019): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps12852.

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22

Roy, Sougata, and David Morse. "The Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium has Predicted Casein Kinase 2 Sites in Many RNA Binding Proteins." Protist 165, no. 3 (May 2014): 330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2014.03.002.

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23

Latz, Michael I., Jeffrey Allen, Sutanu Sarkar, and Jim Rohra. "Effect of fully characterized unsteady flow on population growth of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Limnology and Oceanography 54, no. 4 (May 17, 2009): 1243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2009.54.4.1243.

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24

Rodriguez, Juan D., Saddef Haq, Kristine F. Nowak, Deri Morgan, Vladimir V. Cherny, Steven Bernstein, Maredith S. Sapp, et al. "Characterization and Subcellular Localization of Hv1 in Lingulodinium Polyedrum Confirms its Role in Bioluminescence." Biophysical Journal 108, no. 2 (January 2015): 425a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2014.11.2325.

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25

Latz, Michael I., and Jim Rohr. "Luminescent response of the red tide dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to laminar and turbulent flow." Limnology and Oceanography 44, no. 6 (August 24, 1999): 1423–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1999.44.6.1423.

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26

Kim, Keun-Yong, Makoto Yoshida, and Chang-Hoon Kim. "Morphological Variation of Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) in Culture Specimens and Reinterpretation of the Thecal Formula." ALGAE 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2005.20.4.299.

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27

Roy, Sougata, and David Morse. "A Full Suite of Histone and Histone Modifying Genes Are Transcribed in the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium." PLoS ONE 7, no. 4 (April 4, 2012): e34340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034340.

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28

Paz, Beatriz, Pilar Riobó, M. Luisa Fernández, Santiago Fraga, and José M. Franco. "Production and release of yessotoxins by the dinoflagellates Protoceratium reticulatum and Lingulodinium polyedrum in culture." Toxicon 44, no. 3 (September 2004): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.05.021.

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29

Von Dassow, P., and M. I. Latz. "THE ROLE OF CALCIUM IN FLOW‐STIMULATED BIOLUMINESCENCE OF THE RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE LINGULODINIUM POLYEDRUM." Journal of Phycology 36, s3 (December 2000): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.00001-204.x.

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30

Akimoto, Hidetoshi, Chun Wu, Tomoya Kinumi, and Yoshihiro Ohmiya. "Biological rhythmicity in expressed proteins of the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum demonstrated by chronological proteomics." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 315, no. 2 (March 2004): 306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.01.054.

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31

Leroy, S. A. G., H. A. K. Lahijani, J. L. Reyss, F. Chalié, S. Haghani, M. Shah-Hosseini, S. Shahkarami, et al. "<i>Lingulodinium machaerophorum</i> expansion over the last centuries in the Caspian Sea reflects global warming." Biogeosciences Discussions 9, no. 11 (November 22, 2012): 16663–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-16663-2012.

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Abstract. We analysed dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in four short sediment cores, two of them dated by radionuclides, taken in the south basin of the Caspian Sea. The interpretation of the four sequences is supported by a collection of 27 lagoonal or marine surface sediment samples. A sharp increase in the biomass of the dinocyst occurs after 1967, especially owing to Lingulodinium machaerophorum. Considering nine other cores covering parts or the whole of Holocene, this species started to develop in the Caspian Sea only during the last three millennia. By analysing instrumental data and collating existing reconstructions of sea level changes over the last few millennia, we show that the main forcing of the increase of L. machaerophorum percentages and of the recent dinocyst abundance is global climate change, especially sea surface temperature increase. Sea level fluctuations likely have a minor impact. We argue that the Caspian Sea has entered the Anthropocene.

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32

Jaouannet, Maëlle, Anne-Sophie Pavaux, Sophie Pagnotta, Olivier Pierre, Claire Michelet, Sophie Marro, Harald Keller, Rodolphe Lemée, and Christine Coustau. "Atypical Membrane-Anchored Cytokine MIF in a Marine Dinoflagellate." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091263.

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Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factors (MIF) are pivotal cytokines/chemokines for vertebrate immune systems. MIFs are typically soluble single-domain proteins that are conserved across plant, fungal, protist, and metazoan kingdoms, but their functions have not been determined in most phylogenetic groups. Here, we describe an atypical multidomain MIF protein. The marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra produces a transmembrane protein with an extra-cytoplasmic MIF domain, which localizes to cell-wall-associated membranes and vesicular bodies. This protein is also present in the membranes of extracellular vesicles accumulating at the secretory pores of the cells. Upon exposure to biotic stress, L. polyedra exhibits reduced expression of the MIF gene and reduced abundance of the surface-associated protein. The presence of LpMIF in the membranes of secreted extracellular vesicles evokes the fascinating possibility that LpMIF may participate in intercellular communication and/or interactions between free-living organisms in multispecies planktonic communities.

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33

Peña-Manjarrez, J. L. "Cysts of lingulodinium polyedrum, red tide producing organism in the todos santos bay (winter-spring, 2000)." Ciencias Marinas 27, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7773/cm.v27i4.501.

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34

Bennouna, A., B. Berland, J. El Attar, and O. Assobhei. "Eau colorée à Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, dans une zone aquacole du littoral du Doukkala (Atlantique marocain)." Oceanologica Acta 25, no. 3-4 (May 2002): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-1784(02)01191-x.

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35

Chudnovsky, Yakov, Joey F. Li, Peter J. Rizzo, J. Woodland Hastings, and Thomas F. Fagan. "CLONING, EXPRESSION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A HISTONE‐LIKE PROTEIN FROM THE MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE LINGULODINIUM POLYEDRUM (DINOPHYCEAE) 1." Journal of Phycology 38, no. 3 (June 2002): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01186.x.

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36

Dagenais Bellefeuille, Steve, Sonia Dorion, Jean Rivoal, and David Morse. "The Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum Responds to N Depletion by a Polarized Deposition of Starch and Lipid Bodies." PLoS ONE 9, no. 11 (November 4, 2014): e111067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111067.

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37

Ganini, D., H. C. Hollnagel, P. Colepicolo, and M. P. Barros. "Hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide trigger redox-related cyst formation in cultures of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Harmful Algae 27 (July 2013): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.05.002.

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38

Moorthi, Stefanie D., Peter D. Countway, Beth A. Stauffer, and David A. Caron. "Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR to Investigate the Dynamics of the Red Tide Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Microbial Ecology 52, no. 1 (May 12, 2006): 136–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00248-006-9030-3.

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39

Romano, Renato Lahos, Cleber Wanderlei Liria, M. Terêsa Machini, Pio Colepicolo, and Leonardo Zambotti-Villela. "Cadmium decreases the levels of glutathione and enhances the phytochelatin concentration in the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Journal of Applied Phycology 29, no. 2 (August 20, 2016): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0927-z.

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40

Leroy, S. A. G., H. A. K. Lahijani, J. L. Reyss, F. Chalié, S. Haghani, M. Shah-Hosseini, S. Shahkarami, et al. "A two-step expansion of the dinocyst Lingulodinium machaerophorum in the Caspian Sea: the role of changing environment." Quaternary Science Reviews 77 (October 2013): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.06.026.

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41

Yarimizu, Kyoko, Geraldine Polido, Astrid Gärdes, Melissa L. Carter, Mary Hilbern, and Carl J. Carrano. "Evaluation of photo-reactive siderophore producing bacteria before, during and after a bloom of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Metallomics 6, no. 6 (2014): 1156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4mt00053f.

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42

Chen, Antony K., Michael I. Latz, Peter Sobolewski, and John A. Frangos. "Evidence for the role of G-proteins in flow stimulation of dinoflagellate bioluminescence." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 292, no. 5 (May 2007): R2020—R2027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00649.2006.

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Luminescent dinoflagellates respond to flow by the production of light. The primary mechanotransduction event is unknown, although downstream events include a calcium flux in the cytoplasm, a self-propagating action potential across the vacuole membrane, and a proton flux into the cytoplasm that activates the luminescent chemistry. Given the role of GTP-binding (G) proteins in the mechanotransduction of flow by nonmarine cells and the presence of G-proteins in dinoflagellates, it was hypothesized that flow-stimulated dinoflagellate bioluminescence involves mechanotransduction by G-proteins. In the present study, osmotic swelling of cells of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum was used as a drug delivery system to introduce GDPβS, an inhibitor of G-protein activation. Osmotically swollen cells produced higher levels of flow-stimulated bioluminescence at a lower threshold of shear stress, indicating they were more flow sensitive. GDPβS inhibited flow-stimulated bioluminescence in osmotically swollen cells and in cells that were restored to the isosmotic condition following hypoosmotic treatment with GDPβS. These results provide evidence that G-proteins are involved in the mechanotransduction of flow in dinoflagellates and suggest that G-protein involvement in mechanotransduction may be a fundamental evolutionary adaptation.

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43

Lau, Ringo K. L., Alvin C. M. Kwok, W. K. Chan, T. Y. Zhang, and Joseph T. Y. Wong. "Mechanical Characterization of Cellulosic Thecal Plates in Dinoflagellates by Nanoindentation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.110.

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Dinoflagellates constitute an important group of microorganisms. Symbiotic dinoflagellates are responsible for the primary production of coral reef ecosystems and the phenomenon of their demise is known as "coral bleaching." Blooming of the planktonic dinoflagellates is the major cause of "red tides." Many dinoflagellates have prominent membrane-bound thecal plates at their cell cortices. These thecal plates have high cellulose content and are biologically fabricated into various shapes. However, the mechanical properties of theca have not previously been characterized; understanding these properties, including hardness and elastic modulus, will give insights into the ecological significance and biotechnological potential of bio-fabricated structures. A series of nanoindentation tests were performed on various locations of cellulosic thecal plates isolated from the dinoflagellates Alexandrium catenella and Lingulodinium polyedrum.2 Despite having transparent properties, thecal plates possess mechanical properties comparable to softwood cell walls, implicating their role as a protective cell covering. Consistent measurements were obtained when indentation was performed at various locations, which contrasts with the high variability of cellulose microfibers from plant sources. The present study demonstrated the novel properties of this potential new source of cellulose.

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44

Lau, Ringo K. L., Alvin C. M. Kwok, W. K. Chan, T. Y. Zhang, and Joseph T. Y. Wong. "Mechanical Characterization of Cellulosic Thecal Plates in Dinoflagellates by Nanoindentation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.18041.

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Dinoflagellates constitute an important group of microorganisms. Symbiotic dinoflagellates are responsible for the primary production of coral reef ecosystems and the phenomenon of their demise is known as "coral bleaching." Blooming of the planktonic dinoflagellates is the major cause of "red tides." Many dinoflagellates have prominent membrane-bound thecal plates at their cell cortices. These thecal plates have high cellulose content and are biologically fabricated into various shapes. However, the mechanical properties of theca have not previously been characterized; understanding these properties, including hardness and elastic modulus, will give insights into the ecological significance and biotechnological potential of bio-fabricated structures. A series of nanoindentation tests were performed on various locations of cellulosic thecal plates isolated from the dinoflagellates Alexandrium catenella and Lingulodinium polyedrum.2 Despite having transparent properties, thecal plates possess mechanical properties comparable to softwood cell walls, implicating their role as a protective cell covering. Consistent measurements were obtained when indentation was performed at various locations, which contrasts with the high variability of cellulose microfibers from plant sources. The present study demonstrated the novel properties of this potential new source of cellulose.

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45

Quijano-Scheggia, Sonia. "The inhibitory effect of a non-yessotoxin-producing dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium polyedrum (Stein) Dodge, towards Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus." Revista de Biología Tropical 64, no. 2 (May 13, 2016): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v64i2.19320.

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<p>The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has caused global concern, prompting the search for new compounds. Because of their abundance and diversity, marine phytoplankton are an important potential source of such compounds. Research on dinoflagellates has led to the discovery of inhibitors of bacterial growth. The marine dinoflagellate <em>Lingulodinium polyedrum</em> blooms in different regions of the world, including Mexico, and is also known to regulate the growth of other species in coastal waters. Here, we investigate the taxonomy of this dinoflagellate and characterize the ability of its extracts to inhibit the growth of two bacteria of medical importance (<em>Vibrio</em> <em>vulnificus</em> and <em>Staphylococcus</em> <em>aureus</em>) on agar culture plates. Taxonomic characterization was performed by PCR and gene amplification of ITS, and confirmed that the species isolated off the Pacific coast of Mexico was <em>L.</em> <em>polyedrum</em>. To prove the inhibitory effect of <em>L. polyedrum</em> extracts, cultures were harvested by centrifugation. Pellets from three cellular abundances were extracted with water, methanol, hexane and chloroform. The experiments on <em>V. vulnificus</em> showed a high growth inhibition for the four extracts, ranging from 77 to 98%. Surprisingly, the growth inhibition was lower when the extracts originated from a higher <em>L. polyedrum</em> cell abundance, ranging from 0 to 34%. For <em>S. aureus</em>, the growth inhibition was also high, but not statistically different for all extracts and cell abundances, ranging from 62 to 99%. This shows promise for future pharmacological applications. Our Mexican strain of <em>L. polyedrum</em> did not produce any detectable yessotoxins.</p>

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Gutierrez-Mejia, E., M. L. Lares, M. A. Huerta-Diaz, and F. Delgadillo-Hinojosa. "Cadmium and phosphate variability during algal blooms of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico." Science of The Total Environment 541 (January 2016): 865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.081.

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Mertens, Kenneth N., Sofia Ribeiro, Ilham Bouimetarhan, Hulya Caner, Nathalie Combourieu Nebout, Barrie Dale, Anne De Vernal, et al. "Process length variation in cysts of a dinoflagellate, Lingulodinium machaerophorum, in surface sediments: Investigating its potential as salinity proxy." Marine Micropaleontology 70, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.10.004.

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Bowazolo, Carl, Sirius P. K. Tse, Mathieu Beauchemin, Samuel C. L. Lo, Jean Rivoal, and David Morse. "Label-free MS/MS analyses of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium identifies rhythmic proteins facilitating adaptation to a diurnal LD cycle." Science of The Total Environment 704 (February 2020): 135430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135430.

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Sigaud-Kutner, Teresa C. S., Ernani Pinto, Ana M. P. Neto, and Pio Colepicolo. "Changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, malondialdehyde, and glutathione contents in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) grown in batch-cultures." Phycological Research 53, no. 3 (September 2005): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2005.tb00373.x.

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Akimoto, Hidetoshi, Tomoya Kinumi, and Yoshihiro Ohmiya. "Circadian Rhythm of a TCA Cycle Enzyme Is Apparently Regulated at the Translational Level in the Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Journal of Biological Rhythms 20, no. 6 (December 2005): 479–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730405280811.

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