Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lingulodinium'
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Zsizsik, Beate. "Oxidativer Metabolismus von Kynurensäure und ihren Analoga Untersuchungen an dem einzelligen Modellorganismus Lingulodinium polyedrum und an radikalgenerierenden Systemen /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963919512.
Full textVon, Dassow Peter. "Regulation of bioluminescence in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099555.
Full textMayali, Xavier. "Bacterial Influence on the bloom dynamics of the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3274509.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed October 3, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Frommlet, Jörg C. "Population ecology of the dinoflagellate species Lingulodinium polyedrum in Southern California." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/65671/.
Full textMartins, Paula Larangeira Garcia. "Avaliação da microalga marinha Lingulodinium polyedrum exposta ao fenol: biotransformação e atividade antioxidante." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-10092012-160012/.
Full textDue necessity of knowing and understand the impacts of diverse anthropogenic activities exerted above ecosystems became relevant the study of aquatic organisms exposed to toxic waste, this can facilitate the identification of polluted or contaminated areas. Study of microalgae in contact with phenol at known concentrations, comprehended a determination of the toxic effects and generation metabolites of characterizing the possible use of the organism as a bioindicator to contamination of the pollutant. In this work it was determined in 24 hours those inhibitor phenol concentrations of cell growth of L.polyedrum on 20% and 50% (IC 20 and IC 50) respectively 40 µmol.L-1 and 120 µmol.L-1. Acknowledged need for standardization of variables in the implementation of dose-response tests with algae, allowing you to build protocols that would help to obtain laws that ensure the limits of toxic compounds to coastal organisms. It was assumed that the L. polyedrum microalgae has a biodegradation rate of phenol per cell on average of about (0,02 µmol.h-1.cel-1), capable of biotransformation 120 µmol.L-1 of phenol in a period of 16 hours. Biotransformation pathways of phenol in the microalgae L. polyedrum occur by conjugation with glutathione, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase and the metabolic pathway of phenol hydroxylase and catechol 2,3-dihydroxygenase. We identified 2- hydroxy muconic semialdehyde acid, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene (catechol) and 2-oxo-4-pentenoic acid as metabolites resulting from exposure to phenol. The phenol is able to induce a high active antioxidant enzymes on L. polyhedron, and the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase the best biomarkers since were induced three times more in the exposed group. It was determined that the GSH / GSSG ratio in the group treated with phenol, GSSG has an increase of 20 ng.mL-1. Evaluation suggested that the phenol interfered on photosynthesis of microalgae in a short time, showing promising sensitivity to this pollutant in the marine environment.
Hallett, Richard Ian. "Consequences of environmental change on the growth and morphology of Lingulodinium polyedrum (Dinophyceae) in culture." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323004.
Full textRiley, Scott. "Measuring Viability of the Red-Tide Dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra Following Treatment with Ultraviolet (UV) Light." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/4.
Full textRomano, Renato Lahos. "Análise dos efeitos tóxicos de cádmio sobre a microalga Lingulodinium polyedrum utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada à espectrometria de massas (LC-MS/MS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-12042010-133715/.
Full textGiven the increase of environmentally harmful human activities, in particular the ones injurious to the aquatic environment, it is important to elucidate the defense mechanisms utilized by organisms exposed to damaging agents. Those species can later be suggested to be used as pollution bioindicators or bioremediatiors. Algae are of particular importance because they are the basis of the marine ecosystem food chain. Given that these organisms can accumulate toxic substances from the environment and they serve as food for other species, it will cause biomagnification of the toxic agent in the chain. The choice of the microalgae Lingulodinium polyedrum was due to its wide national and global distribution and the fact that it is a model organism for toxicology studies involving metals. This work aims to standardize the medium conditions in order to provide the ideal growth of the species; plot the growth curve; and monitor the biological aspects that change in the presence of metals, such as: photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase activity, balance between oxidized and reduced glutathione, intracellular accumulation of metals and identification of chelating substances synthesized by the alga, known as phytochelatins. To achieve these objectives there were used analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Among the obtained results there are the decrease in the amount of reduced and oxidized glutathione when algae are exposed to the metal; reduction in the quantity of cadmium in the medium; and increase in superoxide dismutase activity and phytochelatin synthesis. Based on the results it can be concluded that phytochelatins can be used as biomarkers of exposure to cadmium and the organism have potential to bioremediate polluted environments.
Dagenais, Bellefeuille Steve DB. "Nitrate metabolism in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15897.
Full textDinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotes found in most aquatic ecosystems of the world. They are major contributors to carbon fixation in the oceans, either as free-living phytoplankton or as symbionts to corals. Dinoflagellates are also infamous because some species can form spectacular blooms called red tides, which can cause serious damage to ecosystems, human health, fisheries and tourism. One of the factors often correlated with algal blooms are increases in nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrate is one of the main components of agricultural runoffs, but also the most abundant bioavailable form of nitrogen in marine environments. Thus, agricultural activities have globally contributed to the magnification of the problems associated with red tides. However, bloom formation and persistence cannot be ascribed to human pollution alone, because other biotic and abiotic factors are at play. Particularly, it is difficult to assess the relative importance of nitrate addition over these other factors, because nitrate metabolism in dinoflagellate is mostly unknown. Filling part of this gap was the main goal of this thesis. I selected Lingulodinium polyedrum as a model for studying nitrate metabolism, because this dinoflagellate can easily be cultured in the lab and a recent transcriptomic survey has provided an almost complete gene catalogue for this species. It is also interesting that some molecular components of the nitrate pathway in this organism have been reported to be under circadian control. Thus, in this project, I used physiological, biochemical, transcriptomic and bioinformatic approaches to enrich our understanding of dinoflagellate nitrate metabolism and to increase our appreciation of the role of the circadian clock in regulating this important primary metabolic pathway. I first studied the particular case of dinoflagellate blooms that occur and persist in conditions of nitrogen depletion. This idea may seems counterintuitive, because nitrogen addition rather than depletion, is generally associated with algal blooms. However, I discovered that when nitrate was added to nitrogen-deficient or nitrogen-sufficient cultures, those that had been acclimated to nitrogen stress were able to survive for about two months at high cell densities, while non-acclimated cells died after two weeks. In conditions of severe nitrogen limitation, cells could survive a little bit more than two weeks by arresting cell division and reducing photosynthetic rates. The incapacity to synthesize new amino acids for these deprived cells in a context of on-going photosynthesis led to the accumulation of reduced carbon in the form of starch granules and lipid bodies. Interestingly, both of these carbon storage compounds were polarized in Lingulodinium cells, suggesting a functional role. The second contribution of my thesis was to identify and characterize the first nitrate transporters in dinoflagellates. I found that in contrast to plants, Lingulodinium had a reduced suite of nitrate transporters and only members of the high-affinity nitrate transporter 2 (NRT2) family were predicted to be functionally relevant in the transport of nitrate. The main transporter was constitutively expressed, which suggested that nitrate uptake in Lingulodinium was mostly a constitutive process rather than an inducible one. I also discovered that nitrate uptake in this organism was light-dependent and not a circadian-regulated process, as previously suggested. Finally, I used RNA-seq to verify if any transcripts involved in the nitrate metabolism of Lingulodinium were under circadian control. Not only did I discovered that there were no daily variations in the level of transcripts involved in nitrate metabolism, but also that there were no changes for any transcripts present in the whole transcriptome of Lingulodinium. This discovery showed that the circadian timer in this species did not require rhythmic transcription to generate biological rhythms, as observed in other eukaryotes.
Benribague, Siham. "Étude du cycle cellulaire chez Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19397.
Full textDinoflagellates are unicellular photosynthetic eukaryotes comprising a major part of the phytoplankton and thus, represent the foundation of the food chain. Although dinoflagellates are eukaryotes, their genetic organization has several features which are unique to them. Unlike all eukaryotes in which the chromosomes condense only at the moment of mitosis, dinoflagellates chromosomes stay condensed throughout the cell cycle. Furthermore, the mitosis of dinoflagellates is distinguished from the ordinary mitosis of eukaryotic cells. The nucleus of Lingulodinium polyedrum remains intact and its nuclear envelope does not break down during mitosis. Microtubules stick to the nuclear membrane on the side of the cytoplasm and link to the chromosomes that are attached to the inner surface of the membrane by transmembrane proteins. The mitotic spindle therefore passes through the nucleus by one or more nuclear invaginations or channels. Lingulodinium polyedrum is considered as model organism for studying circadian rhythms among which is featured the cell cycle. This study illustrates the morphological changes of chromosomes during the various stages of mitosis, by transmission electron microscope and a fluorescence microscope. The transcriptome of Lingulodinium polyedrum was used to identify conserved regulatory components controlling entry into S-phase or M phase, such as cyclins or Cdks.
Roy, Sougata. "Regulation of gene expression in the dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10516.
Full textDinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotes found in both marine and freshwater environments. They are best known for causing toxic blooms called ‘red-tides’, for their symbiosis with corals, and for their important contribution to carbon fixation in the ocean. On a more molecular level, they are also known for their unique nuclear characteristics, as they generally have huge amount of DNA found in chromosomes that are permanently condensed and packaged into liquid crystalline forms instead of nucleosomes. Nuclear-encoded genes are often present in multiple copies and arranged in tandem, and no putative promoter elements including the conserved TATA box, have yet been observed. The unique organization of dinoflagellate chromatin suggests different strategies may be required to regulate gene expression in these organisms. In this study, I have started to address this problem using the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum as a model. L. polyedrum is of particular interest because it shows a number of circadian (daily) rhythms. To date, all circadian changes in gene expression studied are regulated at a translational level. I have used transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic approaches along with biochemical studies to provide insight into the gene regulatory mechanisms in dinoflagellates, with particular emphasis on the importance of phosphorylation in the L. polyedrum circadian system. The absence of histone proteins and nucleosomes is a hallmark of the dinoflagellates. Using high throughput RNA-seq technology, I found complete set of sequences encoding the core histones as well as sequences encoding histone-modifying enzymes in L. polyedrum. Thus L. polyedrum expresses conserved histone transcripts, although levels of proteins are still below what can be detected using immunoblotting studies. Using the de novo assembly algorithm the RNA-seq data was used to generate a transcriptome. This transcriptome, a list of genes expressed by L. polyedrum, has been extensively characterized. First, homology based sequence searches were used to classify the transcripts in gene ontology (GO) categories, and this analysis revealed a reduced number of transcription factor types and a surprising predominance of sequences containing a cold shock domain. Alignments of reads from the RNA–seq to genomic copies of L. polyedrum tandem repeat sequences was performed to assess the possibility of polycistronic transcripts, a hypothesis proposed to explain the lack of promoter elements in the intergenic region of the tandem repeat gene sequences. This analysis also showed a surprisingly high conservation of tandemly repeated gene sequences. The transcriptome database was also used to fuel gene identification after protein sequencing by mass spectrometry, and a purified phosphoproteome fraction was found to be particularly amenable to high throughput approaches. A comparison of the phosphoproteome at two different times of day revealed that a major class of proteins whose phosphorylation state varied over time belonged to the RNA binding and translation GO category. The transcriptome was also used to define the spectrum of kinases present in L. polyedrum, which in turn was used to classify the different phosphorylated peptides as potential kinase targets. Predicted peptides of casein kinase 2 (CK2), a kinase known to be involved in the circadian clocks of other eukaryotes, were found to include many RNA binding proteins. To assess the possibility that some of the many cold shock domain proteins identified in the transcriptome might modulate gene expression in L. polyedrum, as has been observed in many other eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems, the cellular response to cold temperatures was examined. Cold temperatures were found to induce rapid encystment, a metabolically inactive cell type whose role is to combat unfavourable environmental conditions. Changes in phosphoproteome profile were found to be the major molecular correlates to cyst formation. Predicted CK2 phosphosites are the most highly reduced class of kinase targets, a finding of interest as measurements of the bioluminescence rhythm confirmed that the clock is stopped in cysts
Lapointe, Mathieu. "Contrôle traductionnel du rythme circadien de la bioluminescence chez le dinoflagellé Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15604.
Full textDaoust, Philippe. "Identification et caractérisation des protéines responsables de l’entrée en phase M chez Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8617.
Full textDinoflagellates are unicellular eukaryotes that constitute a large part of the phytoplankton. They are major contributors to the global photosynthesis and primary production and they possess an important role in conservation of marine ecosystems. Dinoflagellates are distincted from other eukaryotes by their unique biology and nuclear organization. During mitosis, their nuclear envelope stays intact and chromosome segregation is done by a mitotic spindle that passed through the nucleus inside several specialized cytoplasmic channels. In addition, the chromosomes are permanently condensed and are not thought to have histones. Lingulodinium polyedrum is a marine photosynthetic dinoflagellate widely used to study the control mechanisms of circadian rhythms, because many aspects of its physiology (bioluminescence, mitosis, photosynthesis and vertical migration) are circadian. The discovery of cell cycle regulators is essential for understanding the mechanism and the circadian control over the cell cycle. A previously study identified the M-phase cyclin, LpCyc1, the first dinoflagellate cell cycle regulator to be discovered. The present study presents the characterization of the LpCyc1, with respect to expression levels and phosphorylation patterns. These elements act together to ensure the synchronization of the LpCyc1 activity (and the mitosis) within the day. This study also presents the creation and the development of the transcriptome, a major tool for the upcoming studies of Lingulodinium polyedrum. With this tool, we identified the Lingulodinium polyedrum M-CDK, LpCdk1. The LpCdk1 has all the domains of a classic M-CDK, a substrate binding site, an ATP binding site, an activation loop and a cyclin binding interface. vi With the Lingulodinium polyedrum transcriptome, we also made a census of all the conserved proteins normally found in the cell cycle control of yeast. The identification of these proteins had provided a rough shape of L. polyedrum cell cycle. This kind of analysis is the first to be made with Lingulodinium polyedrum and could be expanded to other metabolic processes.
Bertomeu, Thierry. "Identification et caractérisation de candidats régulateurs du cycle cellulaire chez le dinoflagellé Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15611.
Full textBeauchemin, Mathieu. "Étude de la transcription par des techniques à haut-débit chez le dinoflagellé Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19555.
Full textDinoflagellates are a diverse group of unicellular eukaryotes found in marine habitat where they have a major role in the primary production of the ocean and in the formation of coral reefs. They are also responsible for some of the harmful algal blooms whose toxin production can contaminate crustacean and fish. Dinoflagellates possess unique molecular characteristics in eukaryotes, especially for their nucleus. For example, their genome is found in a permanently condensed liquid crystalline state stabilized by metallic cations instead of the nucleosome organized by histones. This condensed form persists throughout the cell cycle and limits transcription to DNA loops localized at the periphery of the chromosomes. These unusual characteristics, coupled with a generally large genome size, have greatly limited the study of basic molecular mechanisms such as transcription regulation. In order to better characterize this process for the dinoflagellates, I used Lingulodinium polyedrum, a dinoflagellate studied extensively for its circadian rhythms. As a first approach, high-throughput sequencing was used to characterize the complete transcriptome of the organism at four different times throughout the day. Surprisingly, this sequencing revealed that an extremely low number of transcripts vary in abundance between time points and that those variations are of low amplitude, a result in stark contrast with what has been observed in other organisms. A pharmacological inhibition of transcription was also done and shows that bioluminescence and photosynthesis rhythms persist in absence of transcription, suggesting that the classical transcription/translation feedback loop used to generate rhythmic timing in eukaryotes is probably absent in Lingulodinium. The second approach was the characterization of two proteins with a cold-shock domain (CSD), a type of domain strongly overrepresented in dinoflagellates and predicted to be a potential transcription factor. Those two proteins showed a preferential binding to single stranded DNA versus double stranded DNA while also being able to bind RNA, and were not specific to a particular sequence. Protein abundance analysis after a prolonged cold shock did not yield a massive increase in the abundance of those two proteins, as seen in E. coli. Furthermore, neither protein was able to complement a quadruple cold shock protein (CSP) mutant in E. coli. Data gathered here suggest that CSD proteins in dinoflagellates are probably iv not sequence-specific transcription factors and may also have a function different from bacterial CSP. The third approach consisted of the in vivo cross-linking of chromatin-interacting proteins. After cross-linking, the chromatin was purified and the proteins associated with it extracted and identified by mass spectrometry. Of the identified proteins, few DNA binding proteins were found, unlike similar studies done in animals. Peptides derived from a histone H4 were discovered, one of the first instances of histone identification in dinoflagellates. Multiple proteins able to bind RNA have been identified and could be used to regulate multiple steps of RNA biology and therefore modulate RNA translation. Some proteins related to cell cycle control and DNA repair were also identified. Taken together, these three approaches support the view that the transcriptional regulation and control over mRNAs abundance seem to have a lower importance in dinoflagellate than in other eukaryotes.
Beauchemin, Mathieu. "Régulation transcriptionnelle du gène de la protéine de liaison de la chlorophylle-a et de la péridinine chez le dinoflagellé Lingulodinium polyedrum." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8812.
Full textDinoflagellates are an important part of the ocean’s ecology due to their large contribution to global carbon fixation, the symbiotic association they can make with corals and by their ability to form algal blooms potentially toxic for humans and animals in coastal communities. However, the molecular biology of dinoflagellates has been poorly studied in the past. Basic knowledge, such as regulation of gene expression, is severely limited. An attempt at deciphering basic gene regulation has been undertaken in the photosynthetic dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum and Amphidinium carterae using a reduction in available light intensity to induce the expression of the peridinin chlorophyll-a binding gene encoding the major light harvesting complex protein. A small increase in transcript abundance (less than 2 fold) was found in both short and long term experiments, yet neither yeast one-hybrid assays nor electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed any potential protein interactions with sequence derived from the intergenic spacer of the PCP tandem gene array. Interestingly, an analysis of the recently sequenced L. polyedrum transcriptome revealed an important under-representation of classic DNA-binding domains (such has Heat-shock factor, bZIP and Myb) and an over-representation of the bacterial cold-shock DNA-binding domain. This suggested that components of the transcription regulation machinery may be at least partially different in dinoflagellates.
Zsizsik, Beate [Verfasser]. "Oxidativer Metabolismus von Kynurensäure und ihren Analoga : Untersuchungen an dem einzelligen Modellorganismus Lingulodinium polyedrum und an radikalgenerierenden Systemen / vorgelegt von Beate Zsizsik." 2001. http://d-nb.info/963919512/34.
Full textZsizsik, Beate. "Oxidativer Metabolismus von Kynurensäure und ihren Analoga." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AC1E-3.
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