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Pan, Mingwei, and Xiucai Fang. "Exploring Corpus Linguistics: Language in Action." System 41, no. 3 (September 2013): 889–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2013.07.002.
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Lei, L. "Exploring Corpus Linguistics: Language in Action." ELT Journal 67, no. 4 (August 10, 2013): 503–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/elt/cct044.
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Cowley, Stephen J. "Reading: skilled linguistic action." Language Sciences 84 (March 2021): 101364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2021.101364.
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Temer, Verónica González, and Richard Ogden. "Non-convergent boundaries and action ascription in multimodal interaction." Open Linguistics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 685–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0170.
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Abstract Without units, there are no boundaries; and without boundaries, there are no units. Traditional linguistics takes units such as sentences and intonation phrases for granted, treating them as static. Interactional linguistics has reconfigured many of these units, treating them as emergent, focusing on their evolution in time, and how they implement social actions. A productive line of research of interactional linguistics has been this tension between conventional linguistic units and units of (and for) interaction (Reed and Beatrice 2013; Ogden and Walker 2013). The cesura approach (Barth-Weingarten 2016) focuses on the constitution of phonetic-prosodic discontinuities, which give rise to boundaries, “cesuras”, which it treats as a continuum from “no cesura” through “candidate cesuras” of various strengths, to “full cesuras”. However, there are also elements of spoken interaction whose unit-hood is not obvious at all levels of description; and it is a subset of these that form the focus of this article. We illustrate this with extracts of multimodal talk where two interactants taste and assess unfamiliar food and produce the token “mm”. We show how the alignment (and non-alignment) of boundaries of sequential, prosodic, gestural, lexical, and syntactic units can be a semiotic resource. Data are obtained from Chilean Spanish.
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Martin, James R. "DESIGN AND PRACTICE: ENACTING FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTICS." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 20 (January 2000): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026719050020007x.
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I have tried to practice linguistics as a form of social action, a practice which Halliday (e.g., 1985) has suggested cannot be other than ideologically committed. This practice dissolves the linguistics vs. applied linguistic opposition which has evolved in response to the hegemony of American formalism—whose idealizing reductivity comes nowhere near serving the needs of language users and their aids around the world. In its stead, linguistics as social action engages theory with practice in a dialectic whereby theory informs practice which, in turn, rebounds on theory, recursively, as more effective ways of intervening in various processes of semogenesis are designed (Martin 1997; 1998a). My own experience of this engagement has been mainly in the field of literacy, especially of writing development in primary and secondary school. Accordingly, I'll draw on this experience to address the sub-field ‘Writing and Literacy,’ writing as a linguist working across what is generally read and has been increasingly institutionalized as an applied vs. theoretical frontier.
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Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth. "What does grammar tell us about action?" Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 623–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.24.3.08cou.
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Using cases of misalignment and realignment in the unfolding of interactional sequences in which future actions and events are being negotiated in everyday English conversation, this paper demonstrates that participants distinguish between the initiating actions of Proposal*, Offer*, Request*, and Suggestion*, if these labels are understood as technical terms for distinct constellations of answers to the questions (i) who will carry out the future action? and (ii) who will benefit from it?. The argument made is that these different action types are routinely associated with different sets of recurrent linguistic forms, or social action formats, and that it is through these that speakers can frame their turns as implementing one action type as opposed to another and that recipients can recognize these actions as such and respond to them accordingly. The fact that there is only a limited amount of ‘polysemy’, or overlap in the formats commonly used for Proposals*, Requests*, Offers*, and Suggestions* in English conversation, means that these formats deliver often distinctive cues to the type of action being implemented. When misalignments and realignments occur, they can often be traced to the fact that ‘polysemous’ linguistic formats have been used to implement the initiating action.
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Zhou, Yan. "Revisiting the Modal Verb huì with an Interactional Linguistic Approach." Languages 7, no. 4 (November 21, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7040294.
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This study takes an interactional linguistics and conversation analysis-based approach to analyze the modal verb huì ‘will’ in the recurrent formular of commissive actions, [wǒ huì X (de)] ‘I will X.’ Data analyses show that this format has two variations differentiated by the prosodic stress on huì. The format with the unstressed huì is often observed in turn-initiating position where the speaker offers to perform a future action or informs the recipient of their arrangement of an established activity. The format with the stressed huì appears in both initiating and responding positions although it is less frequently observed. Stressed huì is often used to reassure the recipient of an existing commitment to performing a future action. This study highlights the significance of prosody in the study of modal verbs and the benefits of studying individual words in a linguistic formula situated in specific interactional contexts.
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Hoye, J. Matthew. "Rhetorical Action and Constitutive Politics." Rhetorica 37, no. 3 (2019): 286–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2019.37.3.286.
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This article reconstructs the concept of rhetorical action to excavate its original, recurrent, and—for many—discomforting links to constitutive politics. By examining the history of rhetorical action through the ancient period to the mid-17th century, I will argue that that relationship between rhetorical action and constitutive politics is a powerful prism for understanding actio. The article's contributions are twofold and compounding. The first is the establishment of a positive account of the relation between actio and constitutive rhetoric for the ancient politicians and early modern dramatists, which pushes the usual bookends of actio's history both backward and forward, providing analytical leverage to critically reflect on its standard history. The second contribution is a demonstration that much of the confusion and discomfort surrounding actio results from formulating actio negatively against its constitutive political threat. In sum, this article contributes to both the theoretical and historical understanding of rhetorical action.
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Gerwing, Jennifer, and Janet Bavelas. "Linguistic influences on gesture’s form." Gesture 4, no. 2 (February 11, 2005): 157–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.4.2.04ger.
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Hand gestures in face-to-face dialogue are symbolic acts, integrated with speech. Little is known about the factors that determine the physical form of these gestures. When the gesture depicts a previous nonsymbolic action, it obviously resembles this action; however, such gestures are not only noticeably different from the original action but, when they occur in a series, are different from each other. This paper presents an experiment with two separate analyses (one quantitative, one qualitative) testing the hypothesis that the immediate communicative function is a determinant of the symbolic form of the gesture. First, we manipulated whether the speaker was describing the previous action to an addressee who had done the same actions and therefore shared common ground or to one who had done different actions and therefore did not share common ground. The common ground gestures were judged to be significantly less complex, precise, or informative than the latter, a finding similar to the effects of common ground on words. In the qualitative analysis, we used the given versus new principle to analyze a series of gestures about the same actions by the same speaker. The speaker emphasized the new information in each gesture by making it larger, clearer, etc. When this information became given, a gesture for the same action became smaller or less precise, which is similar to findings for given versus new information in words. Thus the immediate communicative function (e.g., to convey information that is common ground or that is new) played a major role in determining the physical form of the gestures.
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Wang, Xiaoyun. "Managing a suspended course of action." Chinese Language and Discourse 11, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 306–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.20011.wan.
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Abstract This study explores interactional functions of the connective suoyi ‘so’ and its particular role in organizing talk and activity in Mandarin conversation. Adopting the methodologies of conversation analysis, multimodal analysis, and interactional linguistics, this study examines 14 hours of naturalistic face-to-face Mandarin conversation. An examination of the data shows that in addition to marking results and conclusions, suoyi is also used to preface an utterance as a tying device to manage suspensions, where progressivity of a course of action is halted. Specifically, suoyi-prefaced utterances can be used to return to a pre-prior course of action at the possible completion of a side sequence or frame. When performing the function of return, suoyi-prefaced utterances facilitate the development of the main course of action. This study contributes to our understanding of the interactional uses of linking adverbials from a cross-linguistic perspective.
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Vitez, Primož. "Accent d'intensité et action intonative en français moderne." Linguistica 37, no. 1 (December 1, 1997): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.37.1.71-80.
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Cet article se donne pour objectif d'exposer une réflexion critique sur la nature, le fonctionnement et les interactions possibles de deux faits prosodiques en français: l'accent d'intensité et l'intonation de la phrase. Les effets de l'accentuation par intensité se rangent au niveau syntagmatique de la chaîne parlée (done au niveau du mot phonétique). Le fonctionnement de l'intonation, en français, affecte globalement la phrase toute entière, mais les composantes élémentaires de ses formes globales touchen à la structuration syntaxique, formant ainsi des unités intonatives qui «couvrent» les mêmes éléments que l'accent linguistique. 11 s'agit done d'examiner les rapports qu'il pourrait y avoir entre la réalisation des formes intonatives et les fonctions de l'accent linguistique, etant donné que les deux faits prosodiques, à l'intérieur de la chaîne parlée française, se partagent un même champ d'opération.
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Kendon, Adam. "Semiotic diversity in utterance production and the concept of ‘language’." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1651 (September 19, 2014): 20130293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0293.
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Sign language descriptions that use an analytic model borrowed from spoken language structural linguistics have proved to be not fully appropriate. Pictorial and action-like modes of expression are integral to how signed utterances are constructed and to how they work. However, observation shows that speakers likewise use kinesic and vocal expressions that are not accommodated by spoken language structural linguistic models, including pictorial and action-like modes of expression. These, also, are integral to how speaker utterances in face-to-face interaction are constructed and to how they work. Accordingly, the object of linguistic inquiry should be revised, so that it comprises not only an account of the formal abstract systems that utterances make use of, but also an account of how the semiotically diverse resources that all languaging individuals use are organized in relation to one another. Both language as an abstract system and languaging should be the concern of linguistics.
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Rowlett, Benedict J. L. "Affect as narrative action in the Global South." Narrative Inquiry 28, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 237–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.17062.row.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the performance of small stories from two Cambodian men interviewed by the researcher about the relationships they form with men from the Global North. The analysis attends to the empirical significance of these performances by focusing on the mobilization of affect as an interactional linguistic and narrative resource that foregrounds social action in this context. In this way, these small stories reveal how these men may challenge and reshape dominant social discourses at this sexualised North/South interface. Bringing to the field of narrative inquiry approaches from queer linguistics, and Southern perspectives, this paper is therefore tasked with exploring what the field may potentially gain from these areas, especially regarding the theoretical and methodological possibilities of a North/South dialogue in the production of knowledge.
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Rossiter, Marian J., and Zoltan Dornyei. "Teaching and Researching Motivation (Applied Linguistics in Action Series)." TESOL Quarterly 35, no. 4 (2001): 622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3588444.
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Andrews, Jane. "Action research." System 31, no. 1 (March 2003): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(02)00077-5.
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Neves, Josélia. "Action research." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 28, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.28.2.05nev.
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Abstract In this article Action Research (AR) is addressed to determine its limitations and affordances as a research approach in audiovisual translation studies. A specific case of Participatory Action Research (PAR) is presented in the context of a Museum Project in Portugal – the MCCB project –, serving as a focus for the discussion of the main characteristics of AR: planning, putting into action, reflecting upon and starting anew, in spiralling continuums that start with the AR project itself but that go beyond it to spin off into new research and development projects.
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Zang, Anqi, Huili Wang, Hanning Guo, and Yan Wang. "Motor Compatibility Effect on the Comprehension of Complex Manual Action Sentences in L2: An ERP Study." Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics 45, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2022-0202.
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Abstract Embodiment theories proposed that the comprehension of language involves sensory-motor simulation in the brain. The present study examined the brain response to motor compatibility effect in comprehending action-related linguistic materials for participants learning Chinese as a second language (L2). In this study, participants are required to read action-related sentences describing an agent performing two manual actions simultaneously or sequentially by manipulating temporal conjunctions. The sentences with simultaneous actions are marked by Chinese parallel structure 一边……一边…… (“while”) showing non-congruent motor condition while the sequential action sentences are marked by 先……然后…… (“after”) showing congruent motor condition. Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded with the second verb phrase. A larger fronto-central late positivity was observed for the sentences with simultaneous actions rather than the sentences with sequential actions due to body constraints, revealing that late L2 Chinese learners integrate embodied knowledge while processing action-related complex sentence despite demanding more cognitive resources, and longer processing time.
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Jurin, Suzana, and Alenka Šuljić Petrc. "INSIDE OUT OF A TRAVEL BLOG: THE ROLE OF METONYMY THROUGH THE ASPECT PART-FOR-PART IN TEXT GENRE TRAVEL BLOG." Folia linguistica et litteraria XIII, no. 39 (February 2021): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.39.2022.13.
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This paper discusses travel blogs as informative textual genres that convey to the reader a range of attitudes, feelings, impressions, and actions of the author in the author's own words. The analysis of travel blogs as a text genre offers insight into the schema and structure of texts that reproduce tourist experiences by reconstructing their stories for their readers. The study presents a brief text linguistic analysis of 10 travel blogs classified into the text type Assertive, sub-type Informative. As an introduction to the schema and structure of travel blogs, a very brief analysis is conducted at the communicativepragmatic and thematic levels. The main aim of this research is to identify and investigate the role of metonymy in the textual genre of travel blogs. The analysis of the examples is based on the definitions of contemporary cognitive linguistics research. The examples of metonymy were extracted from the selected corpus of 10 travel blogs in English about the travel destination Dubrovnik (https://alittleadrift.com) and the metonymic situation part -for-part metonymy in the action domain- tense for a particular action was analyzed and described by the following occurrences: a) Present perfect for a perfective action; b) Present simple for a factual state; c) Past simple for a completed action. The results show that predicative adjectives in travel blogs perform the function of a predicate or relative clause. Metonymy Part-for-part relations in the tense system lead to conventionalized use of tenses. The metonymic use of tenses in the travel blog text genre is based on conventions, syntagms and lexical units used in tourism communication. The role of metonymy in the cases described was to activate the aspect of an action represented by predicates, thus enabling a more accurate understanding of the actions described in the travel blogs.
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Cormier, Kearsy, Sandra Smith, and Zed Sevcikova-Sehyr. "Rethinking constructed action." Sign Language and Linguistics 18, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 167–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.18.2.01cor.
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We aim to demonstrate the importance of defining linguistic phenomena by using constructed action or CA (i.e. a stretch of discourse that represents one role or combination of roles depicting actions, utterances, thought, attitudes and/or feelings of one or more referents) as an example. The problem is that different assumptions about CA have led to some apparent contradictions about the nature and characteristics of this phenomenon. Based on observations and analyses of British Sign Language narrative data, we outline criteria and recommendations for defining and annotating CA. We show that, in carefully defining the phenomenon in question and providing criteria for its identification, applying these criteria to usage data leads to emergence of particular types of CA. We also show how identifying these types can help resolve some of the apparent contradictions in the literature.
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Papapavlou, Andreas. "Language planning in action." Language Problems and Language Planning 34, no. 2 (June 21, 2010): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.34.2.02pap.
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In the past thirty years or so substantial research has emerged about the status of dialects and their use in education. The literature on dialects in education is diverse and deals with issues related to both dialectal and bidialectal approaches to education. In the present paper an effort is made to propose the construction of a viable bidialectal program that is (a) optimally suited to the Greek Cypriot linguistic setting, (b) specifically attuned to the sociopolitical and historical context of Cyprus and (c) most appropriate in addressing Cyprus’ educational needs and requirements. In proposing the development of a viable model, three major considerations were taken into account: (i) the properties of bidialectal programs that have been in effect worldwide, (ii) the experiences gained by countries that have adopted bidialectal programs and (iii) the findings of recent empirical studies dealing with the linguistic landscape of Cyprus.
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Davis, Deborah Lynn, and Carmen Argondizzo. "Children in Action." Modern Language Journal 78, no. 1 (1994): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329272.
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Serafim, Leon A., and Jack Seward. "Japanese in Action." Modern Language Journal 69, no. 2 (1985): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/326538.
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Nevile, Maurice, and Johanna Rendle-Short. "Language as action." Language as Action 30, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 30.1–30.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral0730.
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Nevile, Maurice. "Looking for action." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 3.1–3.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2104/aral1003.
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This paper considers the embodied nature of discourse for a professional work setting. It examines language in interaction in the airline cockpit, and specifically how shifts in pilots’ eye gaze direction can indicate the action of talk, that is, what talk is doing and its relative contribution to work-in-progress. Looking towards the other pilot’s face treats talk as occurring outside the predictable and scripted sequential flow of interaction for work. The talk might be casual conversation unrelated to work tasks, or involve negotiation of work arising from locally contingent circumstances. Pilots treat particular sites for looking, cockpit instrument panels and windows, as a home position for gaze for planned and predictable work activity. Looking away from this home position, as either speaker or recipient, treats talk as doing something else. The paper draws on insights and methods of conversation analysis, and uses naturally occurring data, video recordings of pilots at work on actual scheduled passenger flights.
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Nevile, Maurice, and Johanna Rendle-Short. "Language as action." Language as Action 30, no. 3 (2007): 30.1–30.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.30.3.01nev.
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Nevile, Maurice. "Looking for action." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 33, no. 1 (2010): 3.1–3.21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.33.1.02nev.
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This paper considers the embodied nature of discourse for a professional work setting. It examines language in interaction in the airline cockpit, and specifically how shifts in pilots’ eye gaze direction can indicate the action of talk, that is, what talk is doing and its relative contribution to work-in-progress. Looking towards the other pilot’s face treats talk as occurring outside the predictable and scripted sequential flow of interaction for work. The talk might be casual conversation unrelated to work tasks, or involve negotiation of work arising from locally contingent circumstances. Pilots treat particular sites for looking, cockpit instrument panels and windows, as a home position for gaze for planned and predictable work activity. Looking away from this home position, as either speaker or recipient, treats talk as doing something else. The paper draws on insights and methods of conversation analysis, and uses naturally occurring data, video recordings of pilots at work on actual scheduled passenger flights.
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Irving, Evelyn Uhrhan, Noriko Takahashi, Maxine Frauman-Prickel, Adrian S. Palmer, Theodore A. Rodgers, and Judy Winn-Bell Olsen. "Action English Pictures." Modern Language Journal 70, no. 2 (1986): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327370.
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Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar, Uwe-A. Küttner, and Chase Wesley Raymond. "Pivots revisited: Cesuring in action." Open Linguistics 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 613–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0152.
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Abstract The term “pivot” usually refers to two overlapping syntactic units such that the completion of the first unit simultaneously launches the second. In addition, pivots are generally said to be characterized by the smooth prosodic integration of their syntactic parts. This prosodic integration is typically achieved by prosodic-phonetic matching of the pivot components. As research on such turns in a range of languages has illustrated, speakers routinely deploy pivots so as to be able to continue past a point of possible turn completion, in the service of implementing some additional or revised action. This article seeks to build on, and complement, earlier research by exploring two issues in more detail as follows: (1) what exactly do pivotal turn extensions accomplish on the action dimension, and (2) what role does prosodic-phonetic packaging play in this? We will show that pivot constructions not only exhibit various degrees of prosodic-phonetic (non-)integration, i.e., differently strong cesuras, but that they can be ordered on a continuum, and that this cline maps onto the relationship of the actions accomplished by the components of the pivot construction. While tighter prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., weak(er) cesuring, co-occurs with post-pivot actions whose relationship to that of the pre-pivot tends to be rather retrospective in character, looser prosodic-phonetic integration, i.e., strong(er) cesuring, is associated with a more prospective orientation of the post-pivot’s action. These observations also raise more general questions with regard to the analysis of action.
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Massen, Cristina, and Wolfgang Prinz. "Activation of action rules in action observation." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 33, no. 6 (2007): 1118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.33.6.1118.
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Fotiadou, Maria. "“We are here to help you”: understanding the role of careers and employability services in UK universities." Text & Talk 41, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-0162.
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Abstract This paper examines the language used by careers services in UK universities. Using a combination of critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics methods and tools, the analysis of 2.6 million words collected from 58 UK university websites shows that the services highlight the quantity and variety of resources and assistance offered to Higher Education (HE) students. In addition, the close analysis of linguistic data brings to light a commonly used semantic pattern where the services act as the enablers of the students’ self-beneficiary actions. The main idea communicated in these webpages is that if HE students want to succeed in the graduate job market they need to prepare for the world of work, follow instructions and develop their employability. This course of action is presented by UK universities as natural or common sense. The interpretation and evaluation of linguistic patterns that emerge from the corpus-based analysis challenges the notion of employability and its association with the idea of ‘empowering’ young people to successfully compete in the graduate job market.
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Kasper, Gabriele, and Johannes Wagner. "Conversation Analysis in Applied Linguistics." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 34 (March 2014): 171–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190514000014.
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For the last decade, conversation analysis (CA) has increasingly contributed to several established fields in applied linguistics. In this article, we will discuss its methodological contributions. The article distinguishes between basic and applied CA. Basic CA is a sociological endeavor concerned with understanding fundamental issues of talk in action and of intersubjectivity in human conduct. The field has expanded its scope from the analysis of talk—often phone calls—towards an integration of language with other semiotic resources for embodied action, including space and objects. Much of this expansion has been driven by applied work.After laying out CA's standard practices of data treatment and analysis, this article takes up the role of comparison as a fundamental analytical strategy and reviews recent developments into cross-linguistic and cross-cultural directions. The remaining article focuses on applied CA, the application of basic CA's principles, methods, and findings to the study of social domains and practices that are interactionally constituted. We consider three strands—foundational, social problem oriented, and institutional applied CA—before turning to recent developments in CA research on learning and development. In conclusion, we address some emerging themes in the relationship of CA and applied linguistics, including the role of multilingualism, standard social science methods as research objects, CA's potential for direct social intervention, and increasing efforts to complement CA with quantitative analysis.
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Scheff, Thomas J. "Micro-Linguistics and Social Structure: A Theory of Social Action." Sociological Theory 4, no. 1 (1986): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/202106.
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Siregar, Iskandarsyah, Firlii Rahmadiyah, and Alisha Firiska Qatrunnada Siregar. "Linguistic Intervention in Making Fiscal and Monetary Policy." International Journal of Arts and Humanities Studies 1, no. 1 (November 11, 2021): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijahs.2021.1.1.8.
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Linguistics is a branch of science that can maneuver to solve various problems. Linguistics began to succeed in canceling the predicate given to laypeople, namely as a linguistic science. Linguistics can even be a solution for various other disciplines, including fiscal and monetary policy issues. Fiscal and monetary policies that require analysis of the past, present, and future phenomena can be answered immediately with a linguistic analysis knife. Critical discourse analysis is confidently taking action as a solution to this problem. The holistic interpretative approach used in this study tries to analyze the text by relating and relevant to the context and then abstracting it into a complete picture. This study succeeded in finding that critical discourse analysis can play a role in 3 things related to fiscal and monetary policy, namely: (1) text analysis is an analysis of linguistic elements in sentence construction used in formulating policies, (2) analysis of discourse practice is a background analysis behind the decision-makers who formulate policies and other situations and conditions behind the birth of business economic policies, and (3) analysis of socio-cultural and political is an analysis that is identifying the changes that occur as a result of these policies. This proves the effectiveness of Linguistics in studying fiscal and monetary policy issues.
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Tomasuolo, Elena, Chiara Bonsignori, Pasquale Rinaldi, and Virginia Volterra. "The representation of action in Italian Sign Language (LIS)." Cognitive Linguistics 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2018-0131.
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AbstractThe present study investigates the types of verb and symbolic representational strategies used by 10 deaf signing adults and 13 deaf signing children who described in Italian Sign Language 45 video clips representing nine action types generally communicated by five general verbs in spoken Italian. General verbs, in which the same sign was produced to refer to several different physical action types, were rarely used by either group of participants. Both signing children and adults usually produced specific depicting predicates by incorporating, through a representational strategy, the object and/or the modality of the action into the sign. As for the different types of representational strategies, the adults used the hand-as-object strategy more frequently than the children, who, in turn, preferred to use the hand-as-hand strategy, suggesting that different degrees of cognitive complexity are involved in these two symbolic strategies. Addressing the symbolic iconic strategies underlying sign formation could provide new insight into the perceptual and cognitive processes of linguistic meaning construction. The findings reported here support two main assumptions of cognitive linguistics applied to sign languages: there is a strong continuity between gestures and language; lexical units and depicting constructions derive from the same iconic core mechanism of sign creation.
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Nation, Paul. "Vocabulary in action." System 22, no. 2 (May 1994): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0346-251x(94)90066-3.
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Volterra, Virginia, Olga Capirci, Maria Cristina Caselli, Pasquale Rinaldi, and Laura Sparaci. "Developmental evidence for continuity from action to gesture to sign/word." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 8, no. 1 (October 2, 2017): 13–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.8.1.02vol.
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Abstract What is linguistic communication and what is it not? Even if we often convey meanings through visible bodily actions, these are rarely considered part of human language. However, co-verbal gestures have compositional structure and semantic significance, while highly iconic structures are essential in sign languages. This paper offers a review of major studies conducted in our lab on the continuity from actions to gestures to words/signs in development. After a brief introduction, we show how gestures may bridge the gap between actions and words and how this interrelationship extends beyond early childhood and across cultures. We stress the role of sign language and multimodal communication in the study of language as a form of action and present recent research on motoric aspects of human communication. Studying the visible actions of speakers and signers leads to a revision of the traditional dichotomy between linguistic and enacted, and to the development of a new approach to embodied language.
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Vanesyan, Hovhannes. "Politeness and Its Perception by Armenian Learners of English: From Theory to Action." Armenian Folia Anglistika 15, no. 1 (19) (April 15, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2019.15.1.053.
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The study of the mechanisms of politeness in society has been a subject of interest for scholars of linguistics since the 20th century with the development of pragmatics and sociology. The aim of the current article is to introduce the most popular politeness theories as well as investigate how linguistic politeness is understood and used by students of English. We have conducted a social survey with students of English at the Department of European languages and Communication to see how well they perceive linguistic politeness in its two forms – negative and positive – as suggested by Brown and Levinson in their seminal work “Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage”. As a result, we have arrived at some interesting conclusions with regards to the way the students understand the two types of politeness, and at the same time we have offered some ways of improving the “lacuna” in their knowledge in relation to the appropriate use of politeness in interaction.
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Yu, Ning. "Hong Gao, The physical foundation of the patterning of physical action verbs: A study of Chinese verbs. (Travaux de L'Institut de Linguistique de Lund, 41.) Lund, Sweden: Lund University, 2001. Pp. xiv, 265. NP." Language in Society 32, no. 3 (June 2003): 435–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004740450327305x.
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This book presents a semantic study of Chinese physical action verbs from a cognitive perspective. The study seeks to understand the cognitive basis of language by uncovering the relationship between language structure and cognitive structure, and to demonstrate “how cognitive, perceptual, or experiential facts constrain or otherwise determines the linguistic facts” (p. 230). In its semantic analysis of physical action verbs, the study illustrates the role of body parts in the semantic construction of the verbs depicting the physical actions performed by those body parts. In the discussion of relationships between language construction and human body action, the book's central argument is that the event structures of physical action verbs are constructed not arbitrarily but through systematic cognitive processes in relation to both human physical reality and concrete reality in the world. By explicating linguistic structure on the basis of human cognition and human experience, the author attempts to verify that the categorizations of language entities reveal, to a large extent, the nature of human experience and perception of physical reality. The assumption is that the nature of linguistic richness in both semantic and syntactic structures is a reflection of the development of human perception of the experiential reality.
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Pennycook, Alastair. "Applied linguistics as epistemic assemblage." AILA Review 31 (2018): 113–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.00015.pen.
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AbstractAny discussion of transdisciplinary applied linguistics needs to engage with three central questions. First, whileinterdisciplinarity may allow for disciplines to stay in place and engage with each other,transdisciplinarity implies a space beyond or above disciplines. As a result, we have to consider whether applied linguistics is seen as a discipline (in which case it is not transdisciplinary) or whether it is seen as a transdisciplinary field of study (in which case it is not a discipline). Second, while applied linguists may engage with work from other fields – sociology, geography, philosophy, cognitive science are common examples – this does not necessarily mean that we engage with those fields as disciplines. Rather, the engagement with such work is often on the basis that relevant thinkers are engaging themselves with broader epistemic shifts. Such work may therefore be seen as having to do withepistemesrather than disciplines. Third, a focus on transdisciplinarity obscures broader concerns about unequal relations of knowledge production, particularly between North and South. If applied linguistics is to become a responsible field of work, it needs to engage with southern epistemologies. In order to do so, applied linguistic practices can be more usefully understood as temporary assemblages of thought and action that come together at particular moments when language-related concerns need to be addressed. This flexible account helps us see how applied linguistic practices are assemblages of different language-oriented projects, epistemes and matters of concern.
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Terry, Robert M., and Geoff Brindley. "Language Assessment in Action." Modern Language Journal 80, no. 4 (1996): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329732.
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Philipsen, Johanne S. "Co-Operative Action." Journal of Pragmatics 138 (December 2018): 176–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.10.007.
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Persson, Rasmus. "Prosody and grammar of other-repetitions in French: The interplay of position and composition." Language in Society 49, no. 4 (March 16, 2020): 585–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404520000068.
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ABSTRACTThis study contributes to the body of cross-linguistic research on repetition, repair, and action-formation more generally. Using conversation-analytic and interactional-linguistic methods to analyse both position and composition in the formation of actions accomplished by other-repetitions in French, the study underscores the interplay between linguistic design, sequential organisation, and territories of knowledge and accountability in interaction. The actions conveyed by other-repetitions, and the responses made relevant, are affected by both (i) the design of the repetition turn itself—involving various features of prosody (e.g. intonation contour type and pitch span), grammar, and lexis—and (ii) the sequential location of the repetition, including the particulars of the talk that gets repeated and the relevancies set up by that previous talk. The study concludes with a discussion of its significance for research on action-formation as well as for research on the pragmatics of intonation. (Repair-initiation, surprise, acceptability, registering, intonation, epistemics, agency)*
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Boulenger, Véronique, and Tatjana A. Nazir. "Interwoven functionality of the brain’s action and language systems." Words and their meaning: A deep delve from surface distribution intounderlying neural representation 5, no. 2 (December 10, 2010): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.5.2.05bou.
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Theories of embodied cognition consider language understanding as intimately linked to sensory and motor processes. Here we review evidence from kinematic and electrophysiological studies for the idea that processing of words referring to bodily actions, even when subliminally presented, recruits the same motor regions that are involved in motor control. We further discuss the functional role of the motor system in action word retrieval in light of neuropsychological data showing modulation of masked priming effects for action verbs in Parkinson’s patients as a function of dopaminergic treatment. Finally, a neuroimaging study revealing semantic somatotopy in the motor cortex during reading of idioms that include action words is presented. Altogether these findings provide strong arguments that semantic mechanisms are grounded in action-perception systems of the brain. They support the existence of common brain signatures to action words, even when embedded in idiomatic sentences, and motor action. They further suggest that motor schemata reflecting word meaning contribute to lexico-semantic retrieval of action words.
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Azimova, Shakhrinoz. "TYPES OF SPEECH ACTS AND ITS‟ STUDYING IN LINGUISTICS." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/5/8.
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Introduction. Pragma-linguistics is a branch of linguistics that examines the interrelationships between speech functions and speech forms. The speech situation is a situation that causes speech. It consists of several components. They are speaker and interlocutors, speech context, speech objectives, speech act as a form of action or activity, and utterance as a product of verbal action. The last studies show that there are some issues in pragma-linguistics related to speech situation and interactions between speech participants. These problems occur as a result of not being able to manage the speech situation properly or not knowing the usage of speech acts. Analyzing speech acts in different aspects can be a solution to the problem. This article is devoted to the study of speech acts and its’ classification. The theory of speech acts, locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts are discussed and each type of speech acts proven with the examples. Direct and indirect speech acts are differentiated. Research method. The method in this research is the theoretical approach. The theoretical approach is an approach that aims to build knowledge statement based on constructive and perspectives of linguists. This is a study, aiming to study phenomena of language in a certain time and activities, as well as collecting detailed information using a variety of data collection procedures for cases of that happening. Results and discussions. People usually understand when they say communication only to express their opinions. But this is a misconception. Communication is a linguistic phenomenon because the basis of communication is words. Words form locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts. In society we perform many functions and influence others through speech acts. Representative, commissive, expressive, declarative and performative speech acts helps to express psychological states during the speech condition. Conclusion. Studying types of speech acts in linguistics is very important. This task isn't only important for people which in linguistic sphere, but also for anyone who intends to communicate. The correct choice of words, the clear structure of the sentences, and the fact that the speech is addressed to the listener with a clear purpose determine the success of the communication.
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Jacobsen, Ushma Chauhan. "Knowledge Asymmetry in Action." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 27, no. 53 (December 2, 2014): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v27i53.20950.
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<p align="LEFT">This article forges a connection between knowledge asymmetry and intercultural communication to challenge extant understandings of knowledge asymmetry as a static and stable condition that infl uences the processes and outcomes of interactive encounters that promote learning. The article draws its empirical material from ethnographic fieldwork at a training course on climate change that involved the participation of development practitioners, policy makers and civil servants working in broad professional arenas such as engineering, agriculture, water management and urban development in Sri Lanka, Kenya, Egypt, Bangladesh, Uganda, Tanzania, Vietnam and Denmark. The material is represented in the form of ethnographic vignettes to demonstrate knowledge asymmetry ‘in action’: how knowledge asymmetry is far from a static and stable condition, but rather how it emerges and disappears as participants summon, articulate, dismiss, ridicule, ignore or explore the rich pools of their culture/knowledge differences during the training course interaction. The article aligns itself to Barth’s (2002) conceptualization of culture as knowledge and to contemporary understandings of intercultural communication that privilege sensitivities to the webs of geo-historical relations and macro power and economic asymmetries that structure and inform intercultural relationships. The article also emphasizes the relevance of seeing knowledge asymmetry as a concept-metaphor (Moore 2004).</p>
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Dearing, Ron. "Action on theLanguages Review." Language Learning Journal 36, no. 1 (June 2008): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09571730801988652.
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Lee-Wong, Song Mei. "Discourse as communicative action." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.19.2.04lee.
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Qiye wenhua/’enterprise culture’ has emerged as a new paradigm in China’s economic reforms. Hailed as China’s new ‘culture’ it featured in an interview with certain executives of non-state owned enterprises. In the examination of this discourse, the concept of ‘communicative action’ (Habermas, 1998) is adopted as an analytical tool. The main contention in this exploratory examination is that there is speaker intent to justify China’s model of socialist market economy. This justification is mainly reflected in the semantic content of the discourse, which stresses what is ‘unique’ and ‘characteristic’ in China’s economic reforms. The rationale for this contention rests primarily on the argument that given the context of skepticism and criticisms leveled at the Chinese model, and the fact that the speakers themselves are key players in the new market economy, it would be likely that in a public discourse of this nature there would be grounds for attempts at legitimizing the Chinese economic model.
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Shepherd, Joshua. "Conscious Control over Action." Mind & Language 30, no. 3 (June 2015): 320–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mila.12082.
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Ziegert, Carsten. "What is חֶ֫סֶד? A frame-semantic approach." Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 44, no. 4 (May 7, 2020): 711–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309089219862806.
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This article presents a new investigation of חסד, a much-discussed Biblical Hebrew lexeme. A short history of research reveals that the most influential studies of חסד lack a sound linguistic methodology. Cognitive linguistics, particularly frame semantics, provides a methodology that deliberately takes cultural and social knowledge into account. The meaning of חסד turns out to be an action or an event rather than an attitude. It can be described as ‘an action performed by one person for the benefit of another to avert some danger or critical impairment from the beneficiary’. This definition is then applied to some difficult passages which contain the lexeme חסד including Hos. 6.6 and Isa. 40.6 and arguably produces better readings.
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Auclair-Ouellet, Noémie, Marion Fossard, Joël Macoir, and Robert Laforce. "The Nonverbal Processing of Actions Is an Area of Relative Strength in the Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00271.
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Purpose Better performance for actions compared to objects has been reported in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA). This study investigated the influence of the assessment task (naming, semantic picture matching) over the dissociation between objects and actions. Method Ten individuals with svPPA and 17 matched controls completed object and action naming tests, and object and action semantic picture matching tests. Performance was compared between the svPPA and control groups, within the svPPA group, and for each participant with svPPA versus the control group individually. Results Compared to controls, participants with svPPA were impaired on object and action naming, and object and action semantic picture matching. As a group, participants with svPPA had an advantage for actions over objects and for semantic picture matching tests over naming tests. Eight participants had a better performance for actions compared to objects in naming, with three showing a significant difference. Nine participants had a better performance for actions compared to objects in semantic picture matching, with six showing a significant difference. For objects, semantic picture matching was better than naming in nine participants, with five showing a significant difference. For actions, semantic picture matching was better than naming in all 10 participants, with nine showing a significant difference. Conclusion The nonverbal processing of actions, as assessed with a semantic picture matching test, is an area of relative strength in svPPA. Clinical implications for assessment planning and interpretation and theoretical implications for current models of semantic cognition are discussed.