Journal articles on the topic 'Linguistica, glottologia'
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Tekavčić, Pavao. "Giuseppe Francescato, Saggi di linguistica teorica e applicata, Edizioni dell'Orso, Alessandria, 1996, 260 pagine." Linguistica 37, no. 1 (December 1, 1997): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.37.1.132-135.
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Il noto linguista italiano, ordinario di glottologia e dialettologia italiana all' Università di Trieste, raccoglie nel presente volume 26 suoi studi, pubblicati in precedenza (1959-1990) e in parte difficilmente accessibili (p. 3; in seg. senza p.). Gli studi sono stati selezionati dall'autore stesso, al momento dell' abbandono dell' attività ufficiale per lo status di professore emerito (ib.) e con lo scopo di offrire un quadro dello sviluppo del proprio pensiero e della corrispondente ricerca scientifica. Le quattro sezioni in cui si divide il volume riflettono i principali interessi del Nostro; esse sono precedute dalla prefazione e dalla Tabula Gratulatoria (3-8) e seguite dalla bibliografia (231-252), dall'indice dai nomi (255-258) e dall' indice generale ossia sommario (259-260), nel quale per ognuno degli studi riprodotti è indicato l' anno della prima pubblicazione, che consente di individuare il titolo nella bibliografia di G. Francescato (238-241).
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Capone, Alessandro. "Introduzione alla glottologia Indoeuropea (review)." Language 79, no. 2 (2003): 426–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0109.
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Skubic, Mitja. "Giovan Battista Pellegrini, La genesi def retoromanzo (o ladino), Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie, Band 238; Max Niemeyer Verlag Tübingen, Tübingen 1991, pp. 72." Linguistica 34, no. 2 (December 1, 1994): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.34.2.154-156.
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E' uscito nella gloriosa serie dei Beihefte della ZRPh un nuovo volume, opera del glottologo padovano Giovan Battista Pellegrini. Vorrei cominciare col dire che non è la prima volta che l'illustre Autore è presente nella nostra rivista; vi ha pubblicato vari articoli riguardanti i nomi della flora in friulano, ha trattato della fortuna di un prestito dallo sloveno nel lessico friulano dei cestai; ha esposto, nel vol. XXII, le sue idee sul ladino/retoromanzo.
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Maricki-Gadjanski, Ksenija. "Some biological aspects of Aristotle's glottology." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864217m.
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Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B. C) was for a long time an authority on ancient grammatical theory. His formulations of word categories supplemented by abundant logical and rhetorical considerations, made foundations for traditional linguistic concepts of grammar. He dealt with these matters almost throughout all his life, leaning on the knowledge of his predecessors, especially Plato and other philosophers. The author of this paper states that there was yet another field of investigation important for Aristotle especially in last the 25 years of his life, which contributed to his grasp of human language. Those were his biological preoccupations, which resulted in the works Historia animalium, De generatione animalium, De Partibus animalium, Parva naturalia. In these books he separated himself from Plato's dualism, treating human being as part of the living world, after his thorough empirical research of the systems and functioning of more than 500 animal species he knew. In several titles he insists that there is language only in man (T? l?g? chr?tai m?noz t?n z??n d anthr?poz, De generatione animalium 7, 786 b 2). That is his own discovery. He analyzes the role and function of all the organs by which the language is produced: mouth, lips tongue, larynx, palate, nose, then stream of air, etc. Doing so, he formulates in fact an early type of phonetics. The author of the paper further indicates that this 'biological' knowledge of Aristotle's should be confronted and paralleled with his 'grammatical' formulations, which should lead to a more complete image of Aristotle's glottology, a theory of language in broader sense than linguistics of today. As for the physei - th?sei traditional division among ancient Greek philosophers, Aristotle did not seem to care a lot, but one can conclude that Aristotle thought of language as being kat? synth?k?n, i. e. of arbitrary nature.
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Miestamo, Matti. "On the relationship between typology and the description of Uralic languages." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2018.9.1.02.
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Language typologists are dependent on data provided by descriptive linguists working on individual languages, who, in turn, benefit from typologists’ results, which give them new insights into the properties of their respective languages. The article addresses the relationship between typology and Uralic descriptive linguistics. The state of description of Uralic languages is examined by surveying the availability of descriptive sources on Uralic languages in the Glottolog database, which is widely used by typologists. Ways in which Uralic studies and language typology can be brought closer to each other for the benefit of both fields are discussed giving a number of recommendations for writing typologically-oriented grammars of (Uralic) languages. Finally, the use of typologically informed questionnaires in language description is briefly addressed.Аннотация. Матти Миестамо: О взаимоотношении типологической и описательной лингвистики в контексте уральских языков. Лингвисты, занимающиеся типологией, зависят от данных, предоставляемых лингвистами, работающими с конкретными языками. Последние, в свою очередь, используют результаты работы типологов, что позволяет им по-новому взглянуть на материал соответствующего языка. В статье рассматриваются взаимоотношения между типологией и описательной лингвистикой в контексте уральских языков. Положение дел в описании уральских языков оценивается на основе наличия материалов по этим языкам в базе данных Glottolog, широко используемой типологами. В статье обсуждаются способы сближения типологического и описательного подходов в изучении уральских языков, что способствует развитию обоих направлений. В статье даются рекомендации по написанию типологически ориентированных грамматик (уральских) языков. Кроме того, кратко обсуждается использование типологических анкет для описания языков.Ключевые слова: дескриптивная грамматика, описание языков, документация языков, лингвистическая типология, анкеты, уральские языкиKokkuvõte. Matti Miestamo: Tüpoloogia ja Uurali keelte kirjeldamise vahelisest suhtest. Keeletüpoloogid sõltuvad andmetest, mis pärinevad üksikkeeltega tegelevatelt deskriptiivses raamistikus töötavatelt keeleteadlastelt. Viimased aga saavad omakorda kasu tüpoloogide töö tulemustest, mis avavad uusi vaatenurki vastavate keelte omaduste kohta. Siinne artikkel käsitleb tüpoloogia ja deskriptiivse Uurali keeleteaduse vahelist suhet. Uurali keelte kirjeldamise seisu uuritakse analüüsides Uurali keeli puudutavate deskriptiivsete allikate kättesaadavust Glottologi andmebaasis, mida tüpoloogid laialdaselt kasutavad. Arutletakse viiside üle, mis aitaksid vastastikkuse kasu eesmärgil lähendada Uurali keelte uurimist ja keeletüpoloogiat, näiteks antakse mitmeid soovitusi tüpoloogilise suunitlusega (Uurali keelte) grammatikate kirjutamiseks. Lõpuks käsitletakse ka tüpoloogilise suunitlusega küsitluskavade kasutamist keelte kirjeldamisel.Märksõnad: deskriptiivne grammatika, keelekirjeldus, keelte dokumenteerimine, keeletüpoloogia, kirjastamine, küsitluskavad, Uurali keeled
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Dediu, Dan. "Making genealogical language classifications available for phylogenetic analysis." Language Dynamics and Change 8, no. 1 (June 22, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00801001.
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AbstractOne of the best-known types of non-independence between languages is caused by genealogical relationships due to descent from a common ancestor. These can be represented by (more or less resolved and controversial) language family trees. In theory, one can argue that language families should be built through the strict application of the comparative method of historical linguistics, but in practice this is not always the case, and there are several proposed classifications of languages into language families, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. A major stumbling block shared by most of them is that they are relatively difficult to use with computational methods, and in particular with phylogenetics. This is due to their lack of standardization, coupled with the general non-availability of branch length information, which encapsulates the amount of evolution taking place on the family tree. In this paper I introduce a method (and its implementation in R) that converts the language classifications provided by four widely-used databases (Ethnologue, WALS, AUTOTYP and Glottolog) into the de facto Newick standard generally used in phylogenetics, aligns the four most used conventions for unique identifiers of linguistic entities (ISO 639-3, WALS, AUTOTYP and Glottocode), and adds branch length information from a variety of sources (the tree’s own topology, an externally given numeric constant, or a distance matrix). The R scripts, input data and resulting Newick trees are available under liberal open-source licenses in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/ddediu/lgfam-newick), to encourage and promote the use of phylogenetic methods to investigate linguistic diversity and its temporal dynamics.
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Tardivo, G. "Shining «Moon», Sparkling «Thunder»." Язык и текст 9, no. 1 (2022): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2022090102.
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Knowledge of the past is always partial and shallow. The glottological research exposed in this article is an attempt to dust off the forgotten past and how languages evolved throughout the time. Any civilization idolizes the planets, especially the moon. On this occasion, Earth’s satellite name in the Greek language bears – at the end – a substrata word. Further, the «fire» concept of the Daghestani languages sparkled in the Aegean Sea. The article includes all the aspects, from the «fire» as a word root to the spatial-chronological application in a cross linguistic-cultural perspective, nevertheless, the ritual vision of the fire is also included.
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Anderson, Cormac, Tiago Tresoldi, Thiago Chacon, Anne-Maria Fehn, Mary Walworth, Robert Forkel, and Johann-Mattis List. "A cross-linguistic database of phonetic transcription systems." Yearbook of the Poznan Linguistic Meeting 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 21–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/yplm-2018-0002.
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Abstract Contrary to what non-practitioners might expect, the systems of phonetic notation used by linguists are highly idiosyncratic. Not only do various linguistic subfields disagree on the specific symbols they use to denote the speech sounds of languages, but also in large databases of sound inventories considerable variation can be found. Inspired by recent efforts to link cross-linguistic data with help of reference catalogues (Glottolog, Concepticon) across different resources, we present initial efforts to link different phonetic notation systems to a catalogue of speech sounds. This is achieved with the help of a database accompanied by a software framework that uses a limited but easily extendable set of non-binary feature values to allow for quick and convenient registration of different transcription systems, while at the same time linking to additional datasets with restricted inventories. Linking different transcription systems enables us to conveniently translate between different phonetic transcription systems, while linking sounds to databases allows users quick access to various kinds of metadata, including feature values, statistics on phoneme inventories, and information on prosody and sound classes. In order to prove the feasibility of this enterprise, we supplement an initial version of our cross-linguistic database of phonetic transcription systems (CLTS), which currently registers five transcription systems and links to fifteen datasets, as well as a web application, which permits users to conveniently test the power of the automatic translation across transcription systems.
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Evans, Jonathan P., and Johakso Manyu. "The sounds of Tawrã (Digaru-Mishmi), a Tibeto-Burman language." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 44, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.20013.eva.
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Abstract The present study is a phonological analysis of the segments and tones of the Tawrã language (ISO 69-3: mhu; Glottolog: Diga1241), a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and in Tibet, China. This paper, the first collaboration between a Tawrã-speaking non-linguist and a non-Tawrã-speaking linguist, attempts to clear up some confusion in the existing literature. For example, previous studies did not note that stop codas /-p, -k/ are in free variation with glides [-w, -j, ɰ], and that the morpheme, rather than the syllable, is the tone-bearing unit. Acoustic analyses provide justification for the phonemic representation of the vowels and the tones. Finally, the paper is designed to introduce Tawrã speakers to the recently standardized (2020) orthography, and to show how the letters and letter combinations function together as a system.
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Misnadin and James Kirby. "Madurese." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 50, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100318000257.
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Madurese (bhâsa Madhurâ) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken primarily on the island of Madura and a number of regions in East Java, Indonesia. Its further subgrouping has remained a matter of some dispute. Early work placed Madurese in a Malayo-Javanic subgroup containing Javanese, Sundanese, and Malay (Dyen 1963). Glottolog and Ethnologue use the more recent ‘Malayo-Sumbawan’ classification (Adelaar 2005a), which puts Malayic, Chamic, and the Balinese-Sasak-Sumbawa group into one branch with Madurese and Sundanese in two other branches, to the exclusion of Javanese. Robert Blust, rejecting the Malayo-Sumbawan hypothesis, tentatively places Madurese in a Malayo-Chamic subgroup (Blust 2009), but also suggests (Blust 2010) that, as Madurese is lexically similar to Malay but phonologically and morphologically quite different, it may once have subgrouped with Javanese and later underwent heavy relexicalization due to language contact (see also discussion in Kluge 2017: 3).
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Schweickard, Wolfgang. "Giancarlo Schirru (ed.), Edizione nazionale degli scritti di Antonio Gramsci, serie Documenti, vol. 1: Appunti di glottologia 1912–1913, Roma, Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 2016, 254 p." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, no. 4 (November 7, 2018): 1285–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0096.
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Kolipakam, Vishnupriya, Fiona M. Jordan, Michael Dunn, Simon J. Greenhill, Remco Bouckaert, Russell D. Gray, and Annemarie Verkerk. "A Bayesian phylogenetic study of the Dravidian language family." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (March 2018): 171504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171504.
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The Dravidian language family consists of about 80 varieties (Hammarström H. 2016 Glottolog 2.7 ) spoken by 220 million people across southern and central India and surrounding countries (Steever SB. 1998 In The Dravidian languages (ed. SB Steever), pp. 1–39: 1). Neither the geographical origin of the Dravidian language homeland nor its exact dispersal through time are known. The history of these languages is crucial for understanding prehistory in Eurasia, because despite their current restricted range, these languages played a significant role in influencing other language groups including Indo-Aryan (Indo-European) and Munda (Austroasiatic) speakers. Here, we report the results of a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of cognate-coded lexical data, elicited first hand from native speakers, to investigate the subgrouping of the Dravidian language family, and provide dates for the major points of diversification. Our results indicate that the Dravidian language family is approximately 4500 years old, a finding that corresponds well with earlier linguistic and archaeological studies. The main branches of the Dravidian language family (North, Central, South I, South II) are recovered, although the placement of languages within these main branches diverges from previous classifications. We find considerable uncertainty with regard to the relationships between the main branches.
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Kikvidze, Zaal. "Glossonymics as a University Curricular Reality." International Journal of Multilingual Education X, no. 3 (November 11, 2021): 152–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22333/ijme.2021.190018.
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Glossonymics (<Gr. glossa ‘language’ + onyma ‘name’) is a linguistic discipline studying language names, their origin and development, their formation, meaning, uses, taxonomies and classifications, etc. Despite its salient theoretical and practical relevance, the aformentioned realm is still in its earlier stage of development, this being highlighted by the fact that the term for language names (and for a respective discipline) has not been unified. The hitherto identified glossonymic taxons are relevant, however, insufficient. Some occasionally occurring terms and notions can in no way represent a systemic picture of existing relations. A more intensive inclusion of issues of glossonymics in academic circulation will allow us to solve problems associated with their taxonomies and classifications. Glossonymics is also concerned with problems of relationships of language names with respective ethnonyms, choronyms, toponyms, and/or politonyms. As a rule, the majority of glossonyms have been derived from them; however, there are some reverse cases, and they should receive due attention. As for descriptions of glossonyms for individual languages and language families and/or groups, they should be dealt with both within a historical framework and based on contemporary references (for instance, ISO 639; Glottolog). Adequate application skills of these resources are a necessary part of a would-be linguist’s professional competence. Various problems pertaining to glossonymics can be discussed both within a course of an individual language or a language family and within a framework of a specialized course; the former normally occurs in materials of virtually every such course and the latter still awaits its implementation. It is such a specialized course that will provide for the teaching of glossonymics in its completeness and consistency.
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Forkel, Robert, and Harald Hammarström. "Glottocodes: Identifiers linking families, languages and dialects to comprehensive reference information." Semantic Web, January 13, 2022, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sw-212843.
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Glottocodes constitute the backbone identification system for the language, dialect and family inventory Glottolog (https://glottolog.org). In this paper, we summarize the motivation and history behind the system of glottocodes and describe the principles and practices of data curation, technical infrastructure and update/version-tracking systematics. Since our understanding of the target domain – the dialects, languages and language families of the entire world – is continually evolving, changes and updates are relatively common. The resulting data is assessed in terms of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. As such the glottocode-system responds to an important challenge in the realm of Linguistic Linked Data with numerous NLP applications.
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Wright, Jonathan. "Khongso." Journal of the International Phonetic Association, November 30, 2020, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100320000286.
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Khongso /kʰɔŋ˧˩so˧˩/ is an SVO Tibeto-Burman language spoken by between two and three thousand speakers in Paletwa Township, Southern Chin State, Myanmar (Dryer 2008, Wright 2009). The speakers live in 17 villages primarily along the Michaung River (see Figure 1).1 Khongso is mutually intelligible with Anu, which has a population of 700 and is spoken west of the Khongso area (So-Hartmann 1988, Wright 2009, Lewis, Simons & Fennig 2016). The ISO code for Khongso and Anu is anl and the glottolog code is anuu1241.