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1
Felício, Carla Patrícia [UNESP]. "A gramaticalização da conjunção concessiva embora." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86569.
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felicio_cp_me_sjrp.pdf: 1650362 bytes, checksum: 586c6cd19a45ef5c84ad2dbf2f73e9a3 (MD5)A Gramaticalização (GR) é um processo histórico e unidirecional de mudança lingüística, em que itens com conteúdo lexical ou menos gramatical passam ao longo do tempo a se comportar como itens gramaticais, tendo seu significado abstratizado e fortalecido quanto à expressividade do falante. Mecanismos cognitivos, como a metáfora e a metonímia, atuam nesse processo de mudança, visto que por esses mecanismos há abstratização do significado e recategorização sintática induzida pelo contexto lingüístico. Além disso, de acordo com Traugott (1999), há dois mecanismos envolvidos na mudança semântica que acompanha a GR, a subjetivização e intersubjetivização. Por esses dois mecanismos, significados se tornam mais centrados na crença/atitude do falante em relação ao ouvinte. Sob essa ótica, este trabalho, baseado em dados sincrônicos e diacrônicos do português, tem como principal objetivo investigar o processo de mudança responsável pelas alterações sintáticas e semânticas (pragmatização de significado) da conjunção concessiva embora, partícula que teve sua origem na locução adverbial temporal em boa hora, utilizada para desejar bom augúrio, no século XV. Por essa investigação, foi possível reconstruir os usos diacrônicos de embora ao longo da história do português, apreender o(s) contexto(s) que foi(ram) responsável(is) pelas mudanças sofridas pelo item e encontrar razões históricas para o uso na sincronia atual. Além do mais, foram checadas algumas hipóteses no que diz respeito à unidirecionalidade e às fontes para o surgimento de concessivas. Para alcançar esse objetivo maior, o trabalho também examinou os diferentes usos sincrônicos de embora no português, falado e escrito, com a finalidade de encontrar pistas do funcionamento atual que auxiliem na descrição histórica.
Grammaticalization (GR) is a unidirectional historical process of changes in linguistics in which items with lexical or less grammatical content start acting as grammatical items throughout time, abstractizing and strengthening its meaning as for the speaker’s expressiveness. Cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy act in this process of change, whereas they cause meaning abstractization and syntactic recategorization induced by the linguistic context. Besides, according to Traugott (1999), there are two mechanisms involved in the semantic change that keeps up with the GR which are subjectivization and intersubjectivization. Meanings become more focused on the speaker’s belief/attitude in relation to the listener through both mechanisms. Considering this vision and based on synchronic and diachronic data from Portuguese, the present work aims at researching the process of change responsible for syntactic and semantic alterations (pragmatizing meaning) of the concessive conjunction embora, which is a particle originated from the adverbial clause of time em boa hora, used to wish good luck in the XV Century. By means of this research it was possible to reconstruct diachronic usages of embora throughout Portuguese history, to learn about the context(s) that was(were) responsible for changes suffered by the item, and to find historical explanations for the usage in the current synchrony. Beyond that, some hypothesis related to unidirectionality and the origins of concessive conjunctions were also checked. In order to reach this aim, the present work also verified the different synchronic usages of embora in spoken and written Portuguese to find tips about the current behavior that can help in historical description.
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Dunham, Joel Robert William. "The online linguistic database : software for linguistic fieldwork." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51636.
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The documentation and analysis of endangered languages is a core component of the linguistic endeavour. Language consultants and linguistic researchers collaborate to generate a variety of data which in turn fuel theoretical discovery and language revitalization. This dissertation describes and evaluates a piece of software designed to facilitate new, and enhance existing, collaboration, documentation, and analysis. But beyond this, it argues for the value of a certain methodological approach to linguistics broadly construed, one in which computation is key and where provisions are made for collaboration, data-sharing and data reuse. The Online Linguistic Database (OLD) is open source software for creating web applications that facilitate collaborative linguistic fieldwork. The OLD allows fieldworkers to continue doing what they are already doing—eliciting, transcribing, recording, and analyzing forms and creating data sets and papers with them—but collaboratively. This point should not be understated: though practises are changing, linguistic fieldwork currently involves a loose network of relatively isolated practitioners and data sets; simply creating the infrastructure for collaboration and data-sharing is half the battle. The other half is creating features and conveniences that make the software worth using. In this domain, the OLD provides automated feedback on lexical consistency of morphological analyses, sophisticated search, the creation and (structural) searching of arbitrarily many corpora and treebanks, and the specification and computational implementation of models of the lexicon, phonology, and morphology, upon which are built practical morphological parsers. The dissertation describes the OLD, motivating its design decisions and arguing that it has the potential to contribute positively to the achievement of the three core goals of linguistic fieldwork, namely documentation, research, and language revitalization. Particular attention is paid to the practical and research-related advantages of the morphophonological modelling capability with examples and evaluations of morphological parsers created for the Blackfoot language.Arts, Faculty of
Linguistics, Department of
Graduate
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Pinard, Minola. "Non-linguistic versus linguistic processes in speech perception." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72057.
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Four studies were conducted in which three sets of tasks were devised which tapped in a standard format, progressively refined, nonlinguistic versus linguistic processes in speech processing. The third set of tasks gave the clearest results. In it, male and female franco-phone subjects of different ages and of varying degree of knowledge of English were tested. Three sets of consonant contrasts were used. A dichotomization into two separate processes was possible by finding expected differential patterns of development for the two tasks; we were able to postulate that the two processes were non-linguistic versus linguistic by finding expected specific patterns of development, specific patterns of sex by age similarities and differences, differential patterns of correlations between degree of bilingualism and consonant contrasts, and unexpectedly a different pattern of performance on one contrast, all according to task. The results are discussed mainly in relation to other experiments on "the phonetic mode".
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Saiz, Marta. "Across-linguistic corpus-based analysis of linguistic variation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527556.
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Felício, Carla Patrícia. "A gramaticalização da conjunção concessiva embora /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86569.
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Orientador: Sanderléia Roberta Longhin-ThomaziBanca: Maria Célia Lima-Hernades
Banca: Sebastião Carlos Gonçalves
Resumo: A Gramaticalização (GR) é um processo histórico e unidirecional de mudança lingüística, em que itens com conteúdo lexical ou menos gramatical passam ao longo do tempo a se comportar como itens gramaticais, tendo seu significado abstratizado e fortalecido quanto à expressividade do falante. Mecanismos cognitivos, como a metáfora e a metonímia, atuam nesse processo de mudança, visto que por esses mecanismos há abstratização do significado e recategorização sintática induzida pelo contexto lingüístico. Além disso, de acordo com Traugott (1999), há dois mecanismos envolvidos na mudança semântica que acompanha a GR, a subjetivização e intersubjetivização. Por esses dois mecanismos, significados se tornam mais centrados na crença/atitude do falante em relação ao ouvinte. Sob essa ótica, este trabalho, baseado em dados sincrônicos e diacrônicos do português, tem como principal objetivo investigar o processo de mudança responsável pelas alterações sintáticas e semânticas (pragmatização de significado) da conjunção concessiva embora, partícula que teve sua origem na locução adverbial temporal em boa hora, utilizada para desejar bom augúrio, no século XV. Por essa investigação, foi possível reconstruir os usos diacrônicos de embora ao longo da história do português, apreender o(s) contexto(s) que foi(ram) responsável(is) pelas mudanças sofridas pelo item e encontrar razões históricas para o uso na sincronia atual. Além do mais, foram checadas algumas hipóteses no que diz respeito à unidirecionalidade e às fontes para o surgimento de concessivas. Para alcançar esse objetivo maior, o trabalho também examinou os diferentes usos sincrônicos de embora no português, falado e escrito, com a finalidade de encontrar pistas do funcionamento atual que auxiliem na descrição histórica.
Abstract: Grammaticalization (GR) is a unidirectional historical process of changes in linguistics in which items with lexical or less grammatical content start acting as grammatical items throughout time, abstractizing and strengthening its meaning as for the speaker's expressiveness. Cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy act in this process of change, whereas they cause meaning abstractization and syntactic recategorization induced by the linguistic context. Besides, according to Traugott (1999), there are two mechanisms involved in the semantic change that keeps up with the GR which are subjectivization and intersubjectivization. Meanings become more focused on the speaker's belief/attitude in relation to the listener through both mechanisms. Considering this vision and based on synchronic and diachronic data from Portuguese, the present work aims at researching the process of change responsible for syntactic and semantic alterations (pragmatizing meaning) of the concessive conjunction embora, which is a particle originated from the adverbial clause of time em boa hora, used to wish good luck in the XV Century. By means of this research it was possible to reconstruct diachronic usages of embora throughout Portuguese history, to learn about the context(s) that was(were) responsible for changes suffered by the item, and to find historical explanations for the usage in the current synchrony. Beyond that, some hypothesis related to unidirectionality and the origins of concessive conjunctions were also checked. In order to reach this aim, the present work also verified the different synchronic usages of embora in spoken and written Portuguese to find tips about the current behavior that can help in historical description.
Mestre
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Atwell, Eric Steven. "Corpus linguistics and language learning : bootstrapping linguistic knowledge and resources from text." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7504/.
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This submission for the award of the degree of PhD by published work must: “make a contribution to knowledge in a coherent and related subject area; demonstrate originality and independent critical ability; satisfy the examiners that it is of sufficient merit to qualify for the award of the degree of PhD.” It includes a selection of my work as a Lecturer (and later, Senior Lecturer) at Leeds University, from 1984 to the present. The overall theme of my research has been bootstrapping linguistic knowledge and resources from text. A persistent strand of interest has been unsupervised and semi-supervised machine learning of linguistic knowledge from textual sources; the attraction of this approach is that I could start with English, but go on to apply analogous techniques to other languages, in particular Arabic. This theme covers a broad range of research over more than 20 years at Leeds University which I have divided into 8 sub-topics: A: Constituent-Likelihood statistical modelling of English grammar; B: Machine Learning of grammatical patterns from a corpus; C: Detecting grammatical errors in English text; D: Evaluation of English grammatical annotation models; E: Machine Learning of semantic language models; F: Applications in English language teaching; G: Arabic corpus linguistics; H: Applications in Computing teaching and research. The first section builds on my early years as a lecturer at Leeds University, when my research was essentially a progression from my previous work at Lancaster University on the LOB Corpus Part-of-Speech Tagging project (which resulted in the Tagged LOB Corpus, a resource for Corpus Linguistics research still in use today); I investigated a range of ideas for extending and/or applying techniques related to Part-of-Speech tagging in Corpus Linguistics. The second section covers a range of co-authored papers representing grant-funded research projects in Corpus Linguistics; in this mode of research, I had to come up with the original ideas and guide the project, but much of the detailed implementation was down to research assistant staff. Another highly productive mode of research has been supervision of research students, leading to further jointly-authored research papers. I helped formulate the research plans, and guided and advised the students; as with research-grant projects, the detailed implementation of the research has been down to the research students. The third section includes a few of the most significant of these jointly-authored Corpus Linguistics research papers. A “standard” PhD generally includes a survey of the field to put the work in context; so as a fourth section, I include some survey papers aimed at introducing new developments in corpus linguistics to a wider audience.
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Penton, Dave. "Linguistic data models : presentation and representation /." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002875.
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STEPHENS, DEBORAH ANNE. "LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF CODESWITCHING AMONG SPANISH/ENGLISH BILINGUAL CHILDREN (SOCIOLINGUISTICS, PSYCHOLINGUISTICS, APPLIED LINGUISTICS)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/188166.
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Codeswitching between languages is a uniquely bilingual mode of communication. The purpose of this dissertation is to enhance the current body of knowledge dealing with the phenomenon by analysing samples of speech produced by twenty-six Spanish/English bilingual children ranging in age from eight to twelve. Methods of analysis include theoretical linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and educational linguistics. A discussion of relevant codeswitching research covering the past thirty years is presented. The data were collected during a reading study focusing on miscue analysis. The children read stories in English and retold them in both Spanish and English. The analysis considers the data from the four previously mentioned points of view. The linguistic analysis looks at the locations of switched constituents within the sentence and the frequency with which those constituents are switched. The data of this study are compared with that of other researchers, and a consideration of a formal grammar of codeswitching is presented. The sociolinguistic analysis addresses the effect of social and stylistic variables on codeswitching. The psycholinguistic analysis of codeswitching covers lexical storage, editing phenomena, and developmental aspects. Finally, some aspects of the education of bilinguals are considered by analysing the effect of the printed word on language switching and dialect shifting . The application of the results of the analysis to both theoretical issues and practical concerns is explored along with suggested areas for future research. The analyses show that young children's codeswitching initially favors less complex structures and is influenced by few social variables. As they grow older, they become more comfortable with switching grammatically complex structures, and they become aware of a greater variety of social factors. A separate grammar is not necessary for a complete description of codeswitching; a modified interdependance model of the two grammars can account for the codeswitching mode. Lastly, the written language becomes part of the speech situation in the classroom and affects the choice of language or dialect spoken.
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Halliwell, Joe. "Linguistic probability theory." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29135.
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A theory of linguistic probabilities as is patterned after the standard Kolmogorov axioms of probability theory. Since fuzzy numbers lack algebraic inverses, the resulting theory is weaker than, but generalizes its classical counterpart. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that analogues for classical probabilistic concepts such as conditional probability and random variables can be constructed. In the classical theory, representation theorems mean that most of the time the distinction between mass/density distributions and probability measures can be ignored. Similar results are proven for linguistic probabilities. From these results it is shown that directed acyclic graphs annotated with linguistic probabilities (under certain identified conditions) represent systems of linguistic random variables. It is then demonstrated these linguistic Bayesian networks can utilize adapted best-of-breed Bayesian network algorithms (junction tree based inference and Bayes’ ball irrelevancy calculation). These algorithms are implemented in Arbor, an interactive design, editing and querying tool for linguistic Bayesian networks. To explore the applications of these techniques, a realistic example drawn from the domain of forensic statistics is developed. In this domain the knowledge engineering problems cited above are especially pronounced and expert estimates are commonplace. Moreover, robust conclusions are of unusually critical importance. An analysis of the resulting linguistic Bayesian network for assessing evidential support in glass-transfer scenarios highlights the potential utility of the approach.
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Leith, Miguel Francis. "Modelling linguistic events." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299691.
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Manna, Amin(Amin A. ). "Deep linguistic lensing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/121630.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 81-84).
Language models and semantic word embeddings have become ubiquitous as sources for machine learning features in a wide range of predictive tasks and real-world applications. We argue that language models trained on a corpus of text can learn the linguistic biases implicit in that corpus. We discuss linguistic biases, or differences in identity and perspective that account for the variation in language use from one speaker to another. We then describe methods to intentionally capture "linguistic lenses": computational representations of these perspectives. We show how the captured lenses can be used to guide machine learning models during training. We define a number of lenses for author-to-author similarity and word-to-word interchangeability. We demonstrate how lenses can be used during training time to imbue language models with perspectives about writing style, or to create lensed language models that learn less linguistic gender bias than their un-lensed counterparts.
by Amin Manna.
M. Eng.
M.Eng. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Ayneto, Gimeno Alba 1987. "Beyond language : How linguistic input shapes attention in non-linguistic environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482221.
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Infants can live in a monolingual or a bilingual environment from birth. While being exposed to one or two language does not influence when infants achieve the main language milestones it may require different adaptations that are likely to depend on and influence, infants’ attention. In this dissertation we investigate how the language learning environment influences infants’ attention to social (face and voices) and non social contexts. Our results show that not only exposure to two languages, but also the properties of the linguistic input at home, differently shapes attention in different domains. Taken together, this work highlights the impact of language learning adaptations beyond the language domain and suggests that these adaptations are strongly related to the demands of the particular linguistic situation that infants face.Els nadons poden viure en un entorn monolingüe o bilingüe des del seu naixement. L'exposició a una o dues llengües no influeix en quin moment els nens assoleixen les principals fites en l’aprenentatge del llenguatge. En canvi, estar exposat a una o dues llengües si que pot requerir l’ús de diferents adaptacions que probablement depenguin i influeixin en l’atenció dels nadons. En aquesta tesi doctoral s'investiga com l'entorn d'aprenentatge d'idiomes influeix en l’atenció dels nadons en contextos socials (cara i veus) i contextos no socials. Els resultats mostren que no només l'exposició a dos idiomes, sinó també les propietats de l’exposició lingüística a casa, afecta l'atenció en diferents dominis. En el seu conjunt, aquest treball posa de manifest l'impacte de les adaptacions d'aprenentatge lingüístic fora de l’aprenentatge de la llengua i suggereix que aquestes adaptacions estan fortament relacionades amb les exigències de la situació lingüística en particular a la que els nens s'enfronten.
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Pratley, Rachel. "Linguistic and non-linguistic aspects of topic in multi-party talk." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425180.
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Edzard, Lutz Eberhard. "Polygenesis, convergence, and entropy : an alternative model of linguistic evolution applied to Semitic linguistics /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38925496m.
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Lucchesi, Emilia. "A Linguistic Hybrid? : a study of male linguistic features in female conversation." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9707.
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This study investigates four women’s use of typically male linguistic features in casual same-sex conversation. The aim of the study is to see whether and how this group of women use the linguistic features; swearing, interrupting, disagreeing and ignoring, questions and monologues (‘playing the expert’) which are all more common in male conversation and often part of a competitive communication style. I will also attempt to answer if these women’s linguistic behavior is typically female or male. The four women were tape recorded during a planned conversation in a casual setting and the recording was transcribed. The transcription was analyzed by using definitions of the linguistic features above made by, for example, Jennifer Coates (2004). The results show that these four women were neither typically female nor male, but a mix of the two; a hybrid.
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Brojde, Chandra Lynn. "Young children's use of mutual exclusivity with linguistic and non-linguistic labels." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1439423.
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Zacharova, Natalija. "Givenness and its realization in a linguistic and a non-linguistic environment." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_174344-35072.
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The process of communication is based on two types of information: given (old) and new. Given information is the information shared by the speaker and the addressee; new information is the information known to the speaker only or the given information actualized (made relevant) by the speaker. In the process of communication the speaker uses two bare mechanisms or environments to generate given information: non-linguistic and linguistic. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the generation of givenness in a linguistic and a non-linguistic environment in monologues and dialogues in literary text. The novel by Curt Vonnegut “Cat’s cradle” was selected as a corpus for the analysis of given information in literary text. The research demonstrated that the choice of mechanism used for the generation of given elements is directly related to the choice of linguistic means: using a non-linguistic mechanism the speaker heavily relies on the physical context, the dominance of deictic expressions were used. Using a linguistic mechanism (first and second mention sequence) the speaker relies on the following linguistic devices: the article, personal and demonstrative pronouns. The considerable part of given items was established by so called ready- made given items which express given information derived from the shared geographical and cultural environment. The functioning of non-linguistic mechanism, which was realized by the interactions (monologues), was restricted by the... [to full text]Magistro kvalifikaciniam laipsniui įgyti baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama duotumas ir jo realizavimas lingvistinėje ir nelingvistinėje aplinkoje. Komunikacijos procesas remiasi dvejų tipų informacija: duotąja informacija ir naująja. Duotoji informacija - tai informacija, kuri yra žinoma tiek adresatui, tiek ir adresantui. Tuo tarpu naujoji informacija apibrėžiama, kaip informacija žinoma tik kalbėtojui. Bendraudamas kalbėtojas naudoja du pagrindinius būdus arba aplinkas tam, kad galėtų perteikti duotąją informaciją: lingvistinę aplinką ir nelingvistinę aplinką. duotumo sąvoka yra vartojama gana seniai. Ji yra siejama su profesoriaus Mathesus‘o vardu, kuris įvedė tokias sąvokas kaip funkcinė sakinio perspektyva, naujoji informacija, duotoji informacija, tema ir rema. Bendraudamas, kalbėtojas turi adresatui išskirti objektus, kuriuos jis nurodo. Jis ar ji daro tai tam tikrų žodžių pagalba.. Duotosios informacijos žymeklių tipai priklauso nuo aplinkos, kurioje yra minimas objektas. Šio magistro darbo tikslas yra pademonstruoti kaip realizuojamas duotumas lingvistinėje ir nelingvistinėje aplinkoje literatūriniame tekste, dialoguose bei monologuose. Pagrindinį tikslą detalizuojantys darbo uždaviniai yra šie: apžvelgti mokslinę literatūrą susijusią su duotumo sąvoka ir jos realizavimu kalboje, išsiaiškinti ir aprašyti kokių lingvistinių priemonių pagalba duotumas realizuojamas monologuose bei dialoguose, palyginti kaip skirtingos priemonės yra naudojamas duotumui išreikšti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Maguire, Gabrielle. "A study of an urban Gaeltacht community : linguistic and socio-linguistic perspectives." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388390.
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Finzel, Anna Magdalena. "English in the linguistic landscape of Hong Kong : a case study of shop signs and linguistic competence." Master's thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6412/.
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Especially for the last twenty years, the studies of Linguistic Landscapes (LLs) have been gaining the status as an autonomous linguistic discipline. The LL of a (mostly) geographically limited area – which consists of e.g. billboards, posters, shop signs, material for election campaigns, etc. – gives deep insights into the presence or absence of languages in that particular area. Thus, LL not only allows to conclude from the presence of a language to its dominance, but also from its absence to the oppression of minorities, above all in areas where minority languages should – demographically seen – be visible. The LLs of big cities are fruitful research areas due to the mass of linguistic data.
The first part of this paper deals with the theoretical and practical research that has been conducted in LL studies so far. A summary of the theory, methodologies and different approaches is given.
In the second part I apply the theoretical basis to my own case study. For this, the LLs of two shopping streets in different areas of Hong Kong were examined in 2010. It seems likely that the linguistic competence of English must be rather high in Hong Kong, due to the long-lasting influence of British culture and mentality and the official status of the language. The case study's results are based on empirical data showing the objectively visible presence of English in both examined areas, as well as on two surveys. Those were conducted both openly and anonymously.
The surveys are a reinsurance measuring the level of linguistic competence of English in Hong Kong. That level was defined before by an analysis of the LL. Hence, this case study is a new approach to LL analysis which does not end with the description of its material composition (as have done most studies before), but which rather includes its creators by asking in what way people's actual linguistic competence is reflected in Hong Kong's LL.Das Forschungsfeld der Linguistic Landscape (LL) hat sich vor allem in den letzten zwanzig Jahren als autonome Disziplin im Bereich der Sprachwissenschaft emanzipiert. Die LL eines meist geografisch eingegrenzten Gebietes – die beispielsweise aus Reklametafeln, Plakaten, Ladenschildern, Wahlkampfpropaganda, etc. besteht – erlaubt tiefe Einblicke in die An- oder Abwesenheit von Sprachen auf dem jeweiligen Gebiet. Die LL lässt dadurch nicht nur Rückschlüsse auf die Dominanz einer Sprache aufgrund ihrer Anwesenheit zu, sondern auch auf die Unterdrückung einer Minderheit durch die Abwesenheit ihrer Sprache an Orten, an denen die Minderheitensprache demografisch gesehen eigentlich sichtbar sein müsste. Wegen des Überflusses an linguistischen Daten in den LLs großer Städte sind diese ergiebige Tätigkeitsfelder für die Disziplin. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich im ersten Teil mit der theoretischen und praktischen Forschung, die es bislang zu diesem Thema gab. Sie prüft den Stand der Theoriebildung, fasst Methodiken zusammen und gibt einen Überblick über verschiedene Ansätze. Im zweiten Teil wird die theoretische Basis auf eine eigene Fallstudie angewendet. Für diese wurden 2010 die LLs zweier Einkaufsstraßen in unterschiedlichen Gegenden Hong Kongs untersucht. Durch den dort lange währenden Einfluss der englischen Kultur und Mentalität und den offiziellen Status der Sprache liegt der Schluss nahe, dass die Sprachkompetenz des Englischen in Hong Kong eher hoch sein muss. Die Ergebnisse der Fallstudie basieren sowohl auf der Erhebung von statistischen Daten, die die objektive Anwesenheit des Englischen in der LL beider untersuchten Gegenden zeigt, als auch auf zwei daraus resultierenden Befragungen. Diese wurden zum einen offen, zum anderen anonym durchgeführt. Die Befragungen stellen eine Rückversicherung dar, die den Grad der Sprachkompetenz des Englischen in Hong Kong misst, welcher zuvor anhand der LL festgestellt wurde. Damit bietet die Fallstudie einen neuen Ansatz der Untersuchung einer LL, der im Gegensatz zu vorangegangenen Studien nicht bei der Beschreibung ihrer materiellen Beschaffenheit endet, sondern auch ihre Schöpfenden miteinbezieht und sich fragt, inwiefern die LL von Hong Kong die tatsächliche Sprachkompetenz der Menschen widerspiegelt.
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Wong, Sydney Jing Tian. "Linguistic patterns of code switching in mainland China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/120.
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Chinese-English code switching (CS thereafter) has become a common phenomenon in mainland China in the last decades of years. Most research focuses on sociolinguistic perspectives of CS in mainland China. However, there is rarely research aiming at exploring linguistic patterns of CS. To fill the research gap, this study attempts to perceive into the linguistic patterns of Chinese-English CS. Myers-Scotton' s Matrix Language Frame model (MLF model thereafter) is used as a framework in this study. On one hand, it can help me to classify data and explain why the data comes into being. One the other hand, CS between two typologically different languages can test the universality of the MLF model. Two hundred and seven Chinese-English bilingual utterances are quantitatively classified and qualitatively described as the basis of the analysis of this study. In this study, a whole picture of linguistic patterns of Chinese-English CS was presented. I further analyze some counterexamples against the MLF model, such as creative forms, which conform to neither the grammar of Chinese nor that of English. Thus, it is revealed that the MLF model cannot offer explanations to those innovative forms. I argue that the innovative forms in the corpus of this study belong to artistic CS. Artistic codeswitching utterances mainly exist as lyrics or buzzwords on the Internet, which are intentionally created by people. These forms are invented to be different and attract people,s attention, so usually they do not conform to grammars and common language codes. No wonder that the MLF model cannot explin the artistic CS. Other limitations of the MLF model are also discussed in this dissertation.
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Martin, Noel B. "Against the Linguistic Analogy." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/114.
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Recently it has been proposed that humans possess an innate, domain-specific moral faculty, and that this faculty might be fruitfully understood by drawing a close analogy with nativist theories in linguistics. This Linguistic Analogy (LA) hypothesizes that humans share a universal moral grammar. In this paper I argue that this conception is deeply flawed. After profiling a recent and appealing account of universal moral grammar, I suggest that recent empirical findings reveal a significant flaw, which takes the form of a dilemma: either there is something wrong with the moral grammar model because we do not actually possess the innate contents (rules, principles, and concepts) it says we have, or the moral grammar model is simply the wrong model of moral cognition. In light of this dilemma, I conclude we ought to be skeptical that the Linguistic Analogy can adequately serve as a general account of moral cognition.
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Chang, Ching-Yun. "Transformations for linguistic steganography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648405.
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Кобякова, Ірина Карпівна, Ирина Карповна Кобякова, and Iryna Karpivna Kobyakova. "Linguistic mechanism of humour." Thesis, Національного педагогічного університету імені М.П. Драгоманова, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72792.
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Стаття присвячена розгляду проблеми гумору і шляхів його перекладу в тексті. Серед мовленнєвих функцій особливе місце займає лінгвлкреативна функція, яка обумовлена мисленням.Объект исследования представлен универсальной категорией юмора, предмет – оязыковлением ее глобальной структуры в английском дискурсе. Категория юмора анализируется в режиме словоцентричного и текстоцентричного подходов к эмпирическому материалу в модусах языка и речи.
Humour is a universal phenomenon touching upon heterogeneity of language modi. Humour subsystem is on the constant move and development. Basic tenets of humour are backgrounded by relevant situations, words, texts, genres and discourses.
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Connell, Caroline. "Linguistic Cues to Deception." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32465.
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This study replicated a common experiment, the Desert Survival Problem, and attempted to add data to the body of knowledge for deception cues. Participants wrote truthful and deceptive essays arguing why items salvaged from the wreckage were useful for survival. Cues to deception considered here fit into four categories: those caused by a deceiversâ negative emotion, verbal immediacy, those linked to a deceiverâ s attempt to appear truthful, and those resulting from deceiversâ high cognitive load. Cues caused by a deceiverâ s negative emotions were mostly absent in the results, although deceivers did use fewer first-person pronouns than truth tellers. That indicated deceivers were less willing to take ownership of their statements. Cues because of deceiversâ attempts to appear truthful were present. Deceivers used more words and more exact language than truth tellers. That showed an attempt to appear truthful. Deceiversâ language was simpler than that of truth tellers, which indicated a higher cognitive load. Future research should include manipulation checks on motivation and emotion, which are tied to cue display. The type of cue displayed, be it emotional leakage, verbal immediacy, attempts to appear truthful or cognitive load, might be associated with particular deception tasks. Future research, including meta-analyses, should attempt to determine which deception tasks produce which cue type.
Revised file, GMc 5/28/2014 per Dean DePauwMaster of Arts
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O'Connell, Giuliana Cattelan. "Italy's historical linguistic minorities /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000549/02/1993FT.htm.
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Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: Carmela Pesca. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Modern Languages." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-144). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Rath, Gayatri. "Linguistic philosophy in Vākyapadīya /." Delhi ; Varanasi : Bharatiya Vidya Prakashan, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb388562702.
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Halbrooks, John Vernon. "Walker Percy's Linguistic Alienation." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625816.
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Caravolas, Marketa. "The effect of linguistic input on children's phonological awareness : a cross-linguistic study." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60612.
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The subjects of the study were kindergarten and first grade speakers of Czech and English. The Czech language contains a considerably higher frequency and variety of complex syllabic onsets than English. Hence, it was hypothesized that if linguistic input affects children's phonological awareness development, Czech children should show higher levels of ability on the tasks. These differences were expected to appear in preliterate kindergarten children if linguistic input, more than literacy and/or general cognitive factors, impacts significantly on phonological awareness.The finding that preliterate Czech children were more advanced in the ability to manipulate complex syllable onsets suggests that oral language input has an important effect on developing phonological awareness skills. Furthermore, its effect appears to be independent of the effects of literacy.
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Ribeiro, Alexandre do Amaral. "Quando negar e legitimar : reflexões sobre preconceito e politicas linguisticas." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270857.
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Orientador: Kanavillil RajagopalanTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: A pesquisa apresentada nesta tese aponta para a necessidade de se rever metodologias, princípios e pressupostos que sustentam a Lingüística, considerando o seu papel e função em uma sociedade, reconhecidamente, de identidades e saberes fluidos. Tomando como objeto de estudo o Preconceito Lingüístico, entendido no contexto da condição pós-moderna e de um mundo globalizado, procura repensar a Lingüística e as políticas lingüísticas, na perspectiva dos traços de ambivalência que marcam a pós-modernidade. Dentre suas hipóteses, formula que as políticas lingüísticas podem ser tão preconceituosas quanto quaisquer formas de preconceito, correndo mesmo o risco de ratificá-los, de legitimá-los. A luta contra o preconceito pode não passar de um engodo ideológico. Formas de preconceito podem estar implícitas, portanto, no discurso em defesa de uma língua, assim como nos discurso que admitem a pluralidade lingüística. Por isso, ao mesmo tempo em que reúne elementos para entender a inserção da Lingüística e do preconceito lingüístico na pósmodernidade, reivindica a proposição futura de uma Crítica da Razão Lingüística como uma base necessária para ampliação dos estudos da linguagem
Abstract: The research for this thesis points to the necessity of reviewing methodologies, principles and presuppositions which sustain the mainstream Linguistics, considering its role and function in a society seen as society of fluid identities and knowledges. Taking Linguistic Prejudice as study object and understanding it in the context of postmodern society and of a globalized world, we try to rethink Linguistics and politics of language in the perspective of post modern typical ambivalent characteristics. Among our hypotheses, we suggest that linguistic politics may have as much prejudice as any other forms of prejudice, so that it is possible to ratify and legitimate them through these politics. The struggle against prejudice may be nothing but a mistake, an ideological fantasy. Therefore, at the same time this thesis puts together elements which allow to understand the insertion of Linguistics in the post-modernity, it claims for a future proposition of a Critique of Linguistic Reason as a necessary base to broaden up language studies
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
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Caravedo, Rocío. "Ch. J. Bailey. Variation and linguistic theory, Virginia (Center for Applied Linguistics) 1973, 162 pp." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101837.
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Pacheco, Lucivânia Marques [UNESP]. "A referência anafórica por encapsulamento: gramática e discurso." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110531.
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000790269.pdf: 1126811 bytes, checksum: 30c309b349d483a49005fc9ad6150993 (MD5)O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o funcionamento do encapsulamento anafórico, levando em consideração as instâncias em que esse fenômeno se processa. Com base nos postulados da Gramática Discursivo Funcional, de Hengeveld e Mackenzie (2008), este trabalho pretende mostrar que há uma instância da referenciação que se marca no Componente Gramatical e outra – a da identificação da porção textual de um encapsulamento anafórico – que se resolve no Componente Contextual, postulado conforme Hengeveld e Mackenzie (Inédito). Dialogando com dos trabalhos de Connlly (2007), Cornish (2009) e Stassi-Sé (2012), esse trabalho aponta a necessidade de uma redefinição do Componente Contextual. Essa proposta se confirma por meio da análise de ocorrências de referência por encapsulamento encontradas em textos do gênero artigo de opinião que circulam em duas revistas semanais (Veja e Caros Amigos Online). A análise dessas ocorrências aponta que o fenômeno da referenciação anafórica por encapsulamento articula propriedades de natureza sociocognitiva, discursiva, semântica e morfossintática e que algumas regularidades do seu funcionamento encontram explicação por meio dos níveis e camadas da GDF
The goal of this work is to analyze the functioning of anaphoric encapsulation, taking into account the instances in which this phenomenon takes place. Based on the postulates of Functional Discourse Grammar of Hengeveld and Mackenzie (2008), this study aims to show that there is an instance of referencing that is marked in grammar and another component - the identification of the textual portion of an anaphoric encapsulation - that is solved in the Contextual Component, as postulated by Hengeveld and Mackenzie (Unpublished). By means of a dialogue with the works of Connlly (2007), Cornish (2009) and Stassi-Sé (2012), this study highlights the need for a redefinition of the Contextual Component. This proposal is confirmed by the analysis of reference encapsulation occurrences found in personal opinion texts circulating in two weekly magazines (Veja and Caros Amigos Online). The analysis of those events suggests that the phenomenon of anaphoric referencing through encapsulation articulates properties of socio-cognitive, discursive, semantic and morphosyntactic nature and that some regularities of its functioning are explained through the levels and layers of the FDG
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Barreto, Eccia Alécia. "A expressão do aspecto habitual : um estudo na fala e na escrita de Itabaiana/SE." Pós-Graduação em Letras, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5771.
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This study aims at identifying the traits and the contexts that characterize the habitual aspect occurrence in a sample of speech and writing Itabaiana/SE community in order to contribute to the aspectual descriptive model and support Portuguese language teaching. We begin with a compositional point of view, predicting the interaction between grammatical and lexical components for its expression. In addition, we propose a guided approach by American cognitive functionalism (BYBEE, 2010; GIVON, 2011) combined with the notion of aspectual gradience proposed by Bybee et al. (1994). We understand that linguistic phenomena are derived from cognitive processes and human communication occurs on the basis of experiments involving participants and non-homogeneous contexts (BYBEE, 2010). In order to investigate the traits and contexts that influence the use of habitual aspect within the samples, we controlled the linguistic factors as well as formal, cognitive and discursive character: I) aspectual modifier (presence or absence); II) aspectual traits: durativity [+ / - durative], dynamism [+ / - dynamic], homogeneity [+ /- homogeneous]; III) Vendler s actional classes + cognition + (activity, status, accomplishments, achievements and cognitive); IV) tense - imperfect, past perfect; and other tenses that proved to be relevant to compose the habitual aspect; V) verb: Simple or periphrastic; VI) gradations of modality: degree 1, degree 2, degree 3 and degree 4; VII) specification of reiteration: (+ / - specifiable); VIII) type of textual sequence: narrative, opinionated, descriptive texts and essays; VIX) discourse topic: intertopic level, inter-clausal level and intratopic level; X) agentivity: active and passive subjects. For the study proposed by us, we take the corpus of analysis the following databases: Itabaiana / SE s Intellectual Speakers (ARAUJO; BARRETO; FREITAG, 2012) and Itabaiana / SE s Narrative and Opinionated Texts Writing Database (ARAUJO; PEIXOTO; FREITAG, 2012), which are linked to the Group of Studies in Language, Interaction and Society (GELINS). Data were subjected to statistical analysis, from which we noted that arrangements traits are more prototypical to the expression of habitual aspect in Itabaiana / SE, what may present a proposal for gradience. Thus, 396 contexts of habituation were analyzed. The quantitative data suggest that there were changes in trajectories, which require stages with a reduced stability of the system as there are overlapping forms (PP and IP) that can perform the same function: the expression of habitual aspect. The quantitative results suggest a continuum of shapes PP and PI for the expression of habituation. Besides presenting some peculiarities, stative aspectual modifier + verb + PP update the habitual aspect, in which the situation is seen as unique and durative, uninterrupted in its duration, but being repeated indefinitely, taking into account that its last limits are not visible. Furthermore, the structures with action verbs + PI or aspectual modifier + nonstative verb + PI also update the habitual aspect, therefore, the situation is not perceived as unique, but as repeating indefinitely. Moreover, through Vendler s (1957) decomposition of aspectual classes, developed by Bertinetto (2001), we conclude that stative verbs promote the emergence of habitual aspect in interaction with PP due to its trait [- dynamic] and the presence of aspectual modifier. In contrast, action verbs promote the interaction with PI aspect and, in some cases, with the presence of an aspectual modifier because they share the trait [+ dynamic].O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar os traços e contextos que caracterizam a ocorrência do aspecto habitual, em uma amostra de fala e escrita da comunidade de Itabaiana/SE, a fim de contribuir para o modelo descritivo aspectual e subsidiar aplicações para o ensino de língua portuguesa. Partimos de uma visão composicional de aspecto, prevendo a interação entre componentes gramaticais e lexicais para a sua expressão. Propomos uma abordagem guiada pelo funcionalismo cognitivista norte-americano (BYBEE, 2010; GIVÓN, 2011), articulada com a noção de gradiência aspectual, proposta por Bybee et al. (1994). Assumimos a perspectiva de que os fenômenos linguísticos derivam de processos cognitivos e que a comunicação humana ocorre em função das experiências, que envolvem participantes e contextos não homogêneos (BYBEE, 2010). Para investigarmos os traços e contextos que influenciam o uso do aspecto habitual, dentro das amostras, controlamos os fatores linguísticos, de caráter formal, cognitivo e discursivo: i) modificador aspectual (presença ou ausência); ii) traços aspectuais: duratividade [+/ - durativo], dinamismo [+ / - dinâmico], homogeneidade [+ / -homogêneo]; iii) classes acionais de Vendler + cognição (atividade, estado, accomplishments, achievements e cognitivo); iv) tempo verbal pretérito imperfeito, pretérito perfeito; e outros tempos verbais que se mostraram relevantes para compor o aspecto habitual; v) forma verbal: simples ou perifrástica; vi) gradações de modalidade: grau1, grau 2, grau 3 e grau 4; vii) especificação da reiteração: (+ / - especificável); viii) tipo de sequência textual: narrativo, opinativo, dissertativo e descritivo; vix) tópico discursivo: nível intertópico, nível inter-oracional e nível intratópico; x) agentividade: sujeito ativo e sujeito passivo. Para o estudo que propomos, tomamos como corpus de análise os bancos de dados Falantes Cultos de Itabaiana/SE (ARAUJO; BARRETO; FREITAG, 2012) e Banco de Dados de Escrita Textos Narrativos e Opinativos (ARAUJO; PEIXOTO; FREITAG, 2012), da comunidade de Itabaiana/SE, vinculados ao Grupo de Estudos em Linguagem, Interação e Sociedade (GELINS). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, a partir da qual evidenciamos quais arranjos de traços são mais prototípicos para a expressão do aspecto habitual na comunidade de Itabaiana/SE, podendo apresentar uma proposta de gradiência. Foram analisados 396 contextos de habitualidade. Os dados quantitativos sugerem as trajetórias de mudança que pressupõem estágios de menor estabilidade do sistema, na medida em que ocorre a sobreposição de formas (PP e PI) para o desempenho de uma mesma função: a expressão do aspecto habitual. Os resultados quantitativos sugerem um continuum das formas de PP e PI quanto à expressão da habitualidade. Além de apresentar algumas especificidades, como, por exemplo, modificador aspectual + verbo estativo + PP atualizam o aspecto habitual, em que a situação é vista como única e durativa, sem interrupções no seu tempo de duração, mas se repetindo indeterminadamente, já que os limites finais não são visíveis. Também as estruturas com verbos de atividade + PI ou modificador aspectual + verbo não estativo + PI também atualizam o aspecto habitual, fazendo com que a situação seja percebida não como única, mas como se repetindo indeterminadamente. Além disso, por meio da decomposição das classes aspectuais de Vendler (1957) elaborada por Bertinetto (2001), concluímos que os verbos estativos favorecem a emergência do aspecto habitual em interação com PP devido ao seu traço [ dinâmico] e pela presença do modificador aspectual. Em contrapartida, verbos de atividade favorecem o aspecto habitual em interação com PI e, em alguns casos, com a presença de um modificador aspectual, por compartilharem o traço [+ dinâmico].
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Prestwich, Dorothy L. "Effects of linguistic or non-linguistic cognitive maps on fourth grade students' reading comprehension /." Full text available from ProQuest UM Digital Dissertations, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.umiss.lib.olemiss.edu/pqdweb?index=1&did=1850450721&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1279567467&clientId=22256.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Mississippi, 2008.Typescript. Vita. "May 2008." Committee chair: Dr. Kaye Pepper Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-98). Also available online via ProQuest to authorized users.
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Rocker, Sarah Jay. "The rhetoric of exclusion: From linguistic appropriation to linguistic restoration in Fichte and Celan." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442965.
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Čirvinskienė, Judita. "Reflective analysis of linguistic and non-linguistic strategies of consecutive interpreting: a sociolinguistic investigation." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_160239-29393.
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The research aimed to investigate the process and the product of interpreter's self-reflection defining linguistic and non-linguistic strategies of consecutive interpreting. The work consists of three parts. The first part expounds on models and theories of interpreting process. The second part of the work deals with the phenomenon of consecutive interpreting, the processes involved in it and self-reflection as a tool for improvement of one's skills. In the third part of this work the procedure and the results of reflective analysis are provided. The empirical part of the research revealed that students thinking was oriented not only towards strategies but also towards knowledge and abilities, mistakes and their reasons, and self-assessment. student interpreters most often use compensation strategies, in particular skipping and non-linguistic strategies only accompany linguistic ones.Šiuo darbu buvo siekiama ištirti vertėjo žodžiu savirefleksijos procesą ir rezultatą, identifikuojantį lingvistines ir ne lingvistines nuosekliojo vertimo žodžiu strategijas. Mokslinio darbo teorinėje dalyje pateikiama mokslinė medžiaga apie nuosekliojo vertimo žodžiu proceso modelius bei teorijas, apie nuosekliojo vertimo ypatybes, mąstymo procesus, savirefleksijos procesą. Pristatomos strategijų klasifikacijos bei jų samprata nuosekliojo vertimo žodžiu procese. Praktinėje dalyje aprašoma fenomenografinio tyrimo eiga ir analizuojami rezultatai. Analizės metu išaiškėjo, kad vertimo studentų mąstymas nukreiptas ne tik į strategijas bet ir į žinias,gebėjimus, klaidas, jų priežastis bei savianalizę. Dažniausiai naudotos kompensacinės strategijos. Ne lingvistinės strategijos tik akomponuoja lingvistinėms strategijoms.
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Poon, Jeanya Chermainea, and 潘君雅. "The role of English language teaching in Hong Kong: linguistic imperialism or linguistic empowerment?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26815655.
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Dodsworth, Robin M. "Linguistic variation and sociological consciousness." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123115802.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 244 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-244). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Kong, Pak-hin Anthony. "A Cantonese linguistic communication measure." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36208309.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2002."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 10, 2002." Also available in print.
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Barber, Alexander. "Tacit-knowledge of linguistic theories." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ29883.pdf.
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Johnston, Colin B. "Rules, truth and linguistic community." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/MQ49380.pdf.
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Fettes, Mark Thompson. "The linguistic ecology of education." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0021/NQ53878.pdf.
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Stoffman, Hart. "The later Wittgenstein, linguistic idealist?" Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ57227.pdf.
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Barber, Alexander. "Tacit-knowledge of linguistic theories." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41974.
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What is the best way to understand 'applies to' when it is said of a linguistic theory that it applies to a particular language-user? We can answer by saying that a linguistic theory is applicable to an individual language-user just in case that individual tacitly-knows the theory. But this is an uninformative answer until we are told how to understand 'tacit-knowledge'. The end goal of this thesis is to defend the claim that we should take tacit-knowledge to be, simply, knowledge. Towards this end I argue against the satisfactoriness of competing ways of understanding 'tacit-knowledge'. For example, the instrumentalist position is neutral on whether linguistic theories are actually known by the ordinary language-users who tacitly-know them; instead, linguistic theories are to be such that knowing them would enable someone to do whatever it is that the tacit-knower can do. Other competing positions hold that, though tacit-knowledge is a psychological relation of some sort, it is not genuine knowledge. I also attempt to meet specific objections to the claim that a typical language-user (as opposed to a linguistic theorist) could plausibly be said to know a linguistic theory. An objection on which I focus is based on the claim that typical language-users do not possess the requisite concepts for having genuine knowledge of a linguistic theory. The aim in attempting to meet these objections is to open up the way for the linguistic theorist to exploit a paradigm of explanation: explanation of behaviour by knowledge attribution. Attributing knowledge of linguistic theories would be potentially explanatory of linguistic behaviour in exactly the same way that attributions of knowledge in non-linguistic spheres are potentially explanatory of behaviour. Finally, because my emphasis is specifically on semantic theories, I attempt to explicate and defend the claim that a semantic theory could and should have the form of a theory of truth.
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Byrne, Darragh. "The components of linguistic understanding." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327376.
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Fischer, Eugen. "Dissolving problems of linguistic creativity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321536.
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李錦昌 and Kam-cheong Li. "Linguistic consciousness and writing performance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238890.
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Cunningham, U. M. "A linguistic theory of timing." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373610.
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Nettle, Daniel. "The evolution of linguistic diversity." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243588.
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Pennington, Ashley Lauren. "The pragmatics of linguistic injustice." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19475/.
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In this thesis, I examine a particular kind of breakdown that occurs when a person with relatively little social power is unable to do ordinary things with their words. Specifically, I look at a model for understanding unjust pragmatic dysfunction, which is a kind of wrong that belongs to a wider class of injustices that are experienced through or in virtue of, language. This wider class of breakdowns I will call “linguistic injustice”. I will suggest that judgements about what a speaker is trying to do with their words can be undermined by culturally shared values and norms of behavior. I start with the work of Rae Langton, who puts forward a schema for which to understand silencing qua speech acts (the actions performed through and by speech), that builds upon J.L. Austin’s 1962 work How To Do Things with Words. I move on to present an altered account of these instances that attempts to describe how addressees are unable to accurately understand the speech acts of people from traditionally oppressed groups. Finally, I bring in sociolinguistic tools in order to help understand the mechanics of those failures I will call “illocutionary deafening”. This will allow for the careful examination of the way in which gender, race and class (among other factors) can lead to addressees’ failure to understand restrained black men, in the back of police cars—who are saying “I can’t breathe”—as genuine pleas for medical assistance.
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Atkinson, Mark David. "Sociocultural determination of linguistic complexity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25431.
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Languages evolve, adapting to pressures arising from their learning and use. As these pressures may be different in different sociocultural environments, non-linguistic factors relating to the group structure of the people who speak a language may influence the features of the language itself. Identifying such factors, and the mechanisms by which they operate, would account for some of the diversity seen in the complexity of different languages. This thesis considers two key hypotheses which connect group structure to complex language features and evaluates them experimentally. Firstly, languages spoken by greater numbers of people are thought to be less morphologically complex than those employed by smaller groups. I assess two mechanisms by which group size could have such an effect: different degrees of variability in the linguistic input learners receive, and the effects of adult learning. Four experiments conclude that there is no evidence for different degrees of speaker input variability having any effect on the cross-generational transmission of complex morphology, and so no evidence for it being an explanation for the effect of population size on linguistic complexity. Three more experiments conclude that adult learning is a more likely mechanism, but that linking morphological simplification at the level of the individual to group-level characteristics of a language cannot be simply explained. Idiosyncratic simplifications of adult learners, when mixed with input from native speakers, may result in the linguistic input for subsequent learners being itself complex and variable, preventing simplified features from becoming more widespread. Native speaker accommodation, however, may be a key linking mechanism. Speakers of a more complex variant of a language simplify their language to facilitate communication with speakers of a simpler language. In doing so, they may increase the frequency of particular simplifications in the input of following learners. Secondly, esoteric communication | that carried out by smaller groups in which large amounts of information is shared and in which adult learning is absent | may provide the circumstances necessary for the generation and maintenance of more complex features. I assess this in four experiments. Without a learnability pressure, esoteric communication illustrates how complexity can be maintained, but there is generally no evidence of how smaller groups or those with greater amounts of shared information would develop comparatively more complex features. Any observable differences in the complexity of the languages of different types of groups is eliminated through repeated interaction between group members. There is, however, some indication that the languages used by larger groups may be more transparent, and so easier for adult learners to understand.