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Journal articles on the topic 'Linguistic change'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Eyal-Salman, Azmi. "Factors Directing Linguistic Change in External Linguistics." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Language Sciences and Literature, no. 29 (February 10, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ll19582449.

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The structuralist movement distinguished between the two types of linguistics: internal linguistics and external linguistics. This classification aimed at determining and naming clear distinctions between the factors in which the linguistic determination process is distributed in modern linguistics. There are internal factors, motivated by subjective principles, which are the fixed forces that direct and balance the language system at the same time. There are also external factors, more dynamic factors that direct the language system and control its change. According to the model adopted by the study, the external factors are confined to two groups: one relates to the expelling forces of the language, and the other relates to the attractive forces of the language. The importance of this determination lies in its display of an aspect of the law of equilibrium that governs the development of all languages. There are two opposing tendencies that direct the language in two contrasting paths: one of them tends the language toward disorder, and the other tends to stabilize it. This study adopted the attractive forces of language as its subject, detailing three external factors that had a major impact on steadying and stabilizing the language and in reducing the speed of change and disturbance. These factors were represented in three main institutions: the scientific domain, the cultural domain, and the political domain. The study concluded that these three domains or contexts have a prominent role in forcing speakers to adopt a unified linguistic identity that imposes a kind of stability on the language in use. All of them have contributed, with their hierarchical functions, after each other, in creating a safe environment that preserves the language’s balance and gives it a measure of relative stability in order to enable the language preserving its essential function, which is to remain a valid tool for communication between people.

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2

Nerbonne, John. "Measuring the diffusion of linguistic change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1559 (December 12, 2010): 3821–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0048.

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We examine situations in which linguistic changes have probably been propagated via normal contact as opposed to via conquest, recent settlement and large-scale migration. We proceed then from two simplifying assumptions: first, that all linguistic variation is the result of either diffusion or independent innovation, and, second, that we may operationalize social contact as geographical distance. It is clear that both of these assumptions are imperfect, but they allow us to examine diffusion via the distribution of linguistic variation as a function of geographical distance. Several studies in quantitative linguistics have examined this relation, starting with Séguy (Séguy 1971 Rev. Linguist. Romane 35 , 335–357), and virtually all report a sublinear growth in aggregate linguistic variation as a function of geographical distance. The literature from dialectology and historical linguistics has mostly traced the diffusion of individual features, however, so that it is sensible to ask what sort of dynamic in the diffusion of individual features is compatible with Séguy's curve. We examine some simulations of diffusion in an effort to shed light on this question.

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3

Fayer, Joan M., and James Milroy. "Linguistic Variation and Change." Modern Language Journal 77, no. 4 (1993): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329711.

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Pulgram, Ernst, and Rebecca Posner. "Linguistic Change in French." Language 75, no. 2 (June 1999): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417274.

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5

Lodge, R. A. "Introduction: On Linguistic Change." Forum for Modern Language Studies 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/39.4.355.

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6

Milroy, James, and Lesley Milroy. "Linguistic change, social network and speaker innovation." Journal of Linguistics 21, no. 2 (September 1985): 339–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010306.

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This paper is concerned with the social mechanisms of linguistic change, and we begin by noting the distinction drawn by Bynon (1977) between two quite different approaches to the study of linguistic change. The first and more idealized, associated initially with traditional nineteenth century historical linguistics, involves the study of successive ‘states of the language’, states reconstructed by the application of comparative techniques to necessarily partial historical records. Generalizations (in the form of laws) about the relationships between these states may then be made, and more recently the specification of ‘possible’ and ‘impossible’ processes of change has been seen as an important theoretical goal.

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7

Holt, D. Eric, and Thomas Berg. "Linguistic Structure and Linguistic Change: Explanation from Language Processing." Language 76, no. 1 (March 2000): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417427.

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8

Nurfaizah, Nadia, and Laily Maulida Septiana Harti. "MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF VISUAL PROTEST ON CLIMATE CHANGE." ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI 6, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 246–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/eji.v6i2.1984.

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This paper focuses on the correlation between visual and linguistic elements in the meaning-making of visual protests of the demonstration on climate change. This study examines how elements in multimodality can attract people’s respect through visual and linguistic elements or modes and convey the same meaning from creator to readers or viewers. Visual and linguistic elements collaboration in a framework for Multimodal Discourse Analysis to build meaning was called Intersemiotic Complementarity. The interplay between visual and linguistic elements will be analyzed with intersemiotic complementarity. Experiential intersemiotic complementarity can be done between visual and linguistic elements in dealing with the main topic area and the climate change issue. Data of this study is visual protest on climate change collected through Instagram accounts. As this study aims to understand the message of visual protests, a qualitative study was employed. The term intersemiotic complementarity is realized in the visual protest through the name intersemiotic repetition and intersemiotic synonym. intersemiotic repetition exists in the earth illustration and the color it is used, while the intersemiotic synonym can be seen through the earth illustration and the linguistics elements, meaning that both elements complement each other.

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9

Gulstad, Daniel E., and Philip Baldi. "Linguistic Change and Reconstruction Methodology." Modern Language Journal 75, no. 4 (1991): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329540.

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10

Bright, William, and Jacek Fisiak. "Linguistic Change under Contact Conditions." Language 72, no. 4 (December 1996): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416134.

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11

Almeida, Manuel. "Gender in linguistic change processes." Studia Neophilologica 67, no. 2 (January 1995): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00393279508588163.

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12

Nylander, Dudley K. "Creolization and Linguistic Change (review)." Language 77, no. 2 (2001): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2001.0098.

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13

Shapiro, Michael. "Teleology/ Semeiosis, and Linguistic Change." Diachronica 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.2.1.02sha.

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SUMMARY The ancient question of teleology in language change has recently been raised anew by several theorists and has been the focus of discussion at a number of conferences on historical linguistics. The pro-teleology arguments of such scholars as Anttila and Itkonen in response to the neo-positivism of Lass can be buttressed and given wider scope by recourse to the philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce, whose theory of signs and unique concept of final cause have immediate applications to the nature of language structure and the goals of language change. Through a detailed rehearsal of Peirce's understanding of signs and semeiosis, as well as an accounting of his thoughts about efficient and final causation in the context of Aristotle's, the 'telos' of language change emerges as diagrammatization, i.e., the formation of semeiotic diagrams in which relations of meaning are mirrored by relations of form. Teleology, when viewed as an inalienable part of the ontology of language structure, is thus revealed to have the principled status of a theoretical foundation for any adequate understanding of language as a panchronic semeiotic whole. RÉSUMÉ La vieille question concernant la téléologie dans le changement linguistique a récemment été posée à nouveau par plusieurs théoriciens, et elle a été le centre d'attention dans la discussion à l'occasion de plusieurs conférénces consacrées à la linguistique historique. Les arguments 'pro-téléologiques' des érudits comme R. Anttila et E. Itkonen répondan t au néo-positivisme de R. Lass peuvent être renforcés et élargis en se servant de la philosophie de Charles Sanders Peirce dont la théorie des signes et le concept particulier de cause finale peuvent trouver des applications immédiates à la nature de la structure langagière et aux fins du changement linguistique. Moyennant une réanalyse détaillée de l'interprétation peircienne des signes et de la sémiose ainsi qu'une inclusion de sa pensée au sujet des causes efficientes et finales dans le contexte d'Aristote, le 'télos' du changement linguistique surgit comme une diagrammatisation, i.e., la formation des diagrammes sémiotiques dans lesquels des rapports de sens sont reflétés par des rapports de forme. La teleologie, si on la garde comme partie inaliénable de l'ontologie de la structure du langage, sera révélée comme ayant le rang d'une fondation théorique pour toute compréhension du langage comme un ensemble panchronique et sémiotique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die alte Frage die Teleologie des Sprachwandels betreffend ist in jüngster Zeit wieder aufgeworfen w rden; sie war Mittelpunkt theoretischer Erörterungen anlaßlich mehrerer Konferenzen zur historischen Lin-guistik. Die pro-teleologischen Argumente, vorgebracht von Gelehrten wie R. Anttila und E. Itkonen gegen die neopositivistische Position R. Lass', können verstärkt und erweitert werden mithilfe der Philosophie von Charles Sanders Peirce, dessen Zeichentheorie und dessen einzigar-tiges Konzept finalistischer Gründe direkt angewendet werden können auf die Natur sprachlicher Strukturen und auf die Ziele des Sprachwandels. Mithilfe einer genauen Bestandsaufnahme von Peirce' Auffassung des Zei-chens und der Semeiosis, sowie durch eine Hinzunahme seiner Gedanken über effiziente und finalistischer Ursachen im Kontext des Aristoteles, erwachst das 'Telos' des sprachlichen Wandels als Diagrammatisierung, d.h. als die Bildung semeiotischer Diagramme, in denen die Relationen von Bedeutung durch Relationen von Formen widerspiegelt erscheinen. Die Teleologie, wenn sie als unveränderlicher Bestandteil des Wesens sprachlicher Struktur begriffen wird, offenbahrt sich als ein Prinzip der theoretischen Begründung jeden angemessenen Verstandnis ses der Sprache als ein panchronistisches, semiotisches Ganzes.

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Ponsford, Dan. "Semantic change through change in non-linguistic practice." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 19, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00011.pon.

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Abstract This paper is concerned with the relation between semantics and non-linguistic practice and with change in that relation. The particular case involves two classes of clausal constructions that have lay as their verb and are used in initiating bets. One class involves lay a wager and the other involves lay stake. Associated with the use of these constructions are a number of practices that have to do with what is done with the stakes of the bet. The crucial distinction among these practices in terms of the semantics of lay is whether or not stakes are physically laid down. If they are, then lay is interpretable as naming the physical action. Otherwise, some other interpretation must be sought for lay. I show that, over three centuries, there is a decline in the practice of laying stakes down when lay stake is used. With lay a wager there is no significant change. The result of the changing use of lay stake is that lay is increasingly interpreted as having a metaphoric or abstract meaning. Where the new meaning is metaphoric, this is due not to a deliberate expressive choice on the part of the speaker – as is usually assumed for metaphoric use – but to change in non-linguistic practice.

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15

Dimitrova, Stefana. "THE EVOLUTION OF LINGUISTIC ISSUES." Годишник на Шуменския университет. Факултет по Хуманитарни науки XXXIIIA, no. 1 (November 10, 2022): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/ebna2201.

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This publication discusses the evolution of linguistic issues. This research process is based on a change in the approaches and methods of analysis of linguistic facts. Sometimes this leads to the denial of authoritative theories and the emergence of new schools and directions of linguistic thought. The evolution of linguistic issues is a necessary condition for the development of linguistics and its gradual convergence with other human sciences.

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16

von Mengden, Ferdinand, and Anneliese Kuhle. "Recontextualization and language change." Folia Linguistica 54, s41-s1 (December 1, 2020): 253–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2020-0008.

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Abstract This paper introduces the concept of ‘recontextualization’ and its benefit for the study of language change. ‘Recontextualization’ refers to the use of familiar material, such as tools or gestures, which extend the body in variable contexts of behaviour. The concept is related to notions already established in other fields, such as primatology and anthropology. We claim that these parallels are meaningful as they represent an overarching principle which underlies the emergence of linguistic structures but which also connects linguistic usage with other types of behaviour and interaction. We thereby argue against notions of context-independent form-meaning pairings in language, which require assumptions like innovation or reanalysis as mechanisms of usage and, ultimately, change. In this sense, we concur with usage-based approaches that define the linguistic expression as inherently vague, underspecified and variable. But we further argue that the emergence and, as a consequence, the empirically observable properties of any linguistic structure are to be accounted for by speakers using the same material in novel contexts or situations. Any such ‘recontextualization’ then creates, in turn, new options for the re-use of a linguistic construction. The underlying categorizations, which typically form part of the linguistic descriptions, pertain to the reality of the observer (the linguist) and not primarily to that of the speaker.

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17

Kootstra, Gerrit Jan, and Pieter Muysken. "Structural Priming, Levels of Awareness, and Agency in Contact-Induced Language Change." Languages 4, no. 3 (August 23, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages4030065.

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This paper focuses on structural priming, levels of awareness, and agency in contact-induced language change, bringing insights from historical and anthropological linguistics together with psycholinguistic, processing-based approaches. We begin with a discussion of the relation between levels of awareness and agency in the linguistic literature, focusing on the work of Von Humboldt, Silverstein, Van Coetsem, and Trudgill. Then we turn to the psycholinguistic notion of structural priming, aiming to show that cross-linguistic structural priming is a plausible mechanism driving contact-induced language change, and explore the properties of priming and its relation to the levels of awareness discussion in the linguistic literature. We end with suggestions for future research to further elucidate the relation between structural priming, levels of awareness, and agency in contact-induced language change.

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18

Heine, Bernd, and Tania Kuteva. "Constraints on Contact-Induced Linguistic Change." Journal of Language Contact 2, no. 1 (2008): 57–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000008792525363.

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AbstractIn a recent paper on "Social and Linguistic Factors as Predictors of Contact-Induced Change" Thomason (2007) reiterates the claim made earlier by Thomason & Kaufman (1988) and others (e.g., Harris & Campbell 1995; Curnow 2001) that there are no linguistic constraints on interference in language contact, in that any linguistic feature can be transferred to any language, and any change can occur as a direct or indirect result of language contact, and she is satisfied to observe that all the specific constraints on contact-induced change that have been proposed have been counterexemplified.The present paper takes issue with this stance, arguing that it might be in need of reconsideration, in that there are in fact some constraints on contact-induced linguistic change. These constraints relate to grammatical replication, as it has been described in Heine & Kuteva (2003; 2005; 2006), thus lending further support to the generalizations on language contact proposed there.

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19

Caro, Isabel. "A process analysis of linguistic change." Counselling Psychology Quarterly 17, no. 4 (December 2004): 339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09515070412331331273.

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20

Izutsu, Katsunobu, and Yong-Taek Kim. "Linguistic manifestations of fictive change participants." Asian Languages and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (March 11, 2020): 107–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/alal.00004.izu.

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Abstract This paper presents a discourse-pragmatic analysis of event conceptions with an accusative-, dative-, and comitative-marked participant and thereby accounts for somewhat irregular accusative marking in Korean and Japanese. The three cases can basically be analyzed as serving to mark participants in physical or mental events that involve a factive or fictive change as a primary element. The accusative marks a change-constitutive participant (so-called affected or effected entity), while the dative and comitative mark a change-independent participant. Unlike Japanese, Korean exhibits the tendency to extend the accusative case to the marking of an entity that constitutes some fictive change in a discourse-based event conception. In contrast, Japanese is liable to recruit the accusative case in an extended use for the marking of an entity that undergoes a fictive change in the conceptions of mental/bodily experiences. These conceptual characterizations can provide a further explanation for the discrepant and idiosyncratic accusative marking in verb phrases such as ‘ride a bus,’ ‘meet a person,’ ‘come/go to a place,’ and ‘give a person a book.’

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21

Gomes, Christina Abreu. "Directionality in linguistic change and acquisition." Language Variation and Change 11, no. 2 (July 1999): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394599112055.

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This article focuses on the directionality observed in the processes of change and acquisition of the prepositions that replaced Latin cases in the speech of Rio de Janeiro and in the Contact Portuguese spoken by Brazilian Indians in the region of Xingu. In Brazilian Portuguese, it is possible to delete the indirect case preposition of some verbs. The system loses and maintains prepositional nexus in a cyclic process motivated by the semantic transparency and the iconicity of the preposition, the adjacency between verb and complement, and the degree of transitivity of the verb. The variable use in Contact Portuguese shows the same effects observed in the Rio de Janeiro variety, in a process that includes a gradual filling up of categorical and variable contexts. We argue that the forces that guide acquisition of the Portuguese prepositional subsystem in the Xingu variety act in the same way as those that constrain variation in urban language.

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22

Dørum, Hallvard. "Disorder and Regularity in Linguistic Change." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 2 (December 1987): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586500001621.

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This paper discusses variation in liguistic change on the basis of the distribution of apocope in Central Norway. The results of a detailed study of the dialect of Oppdal, which are compared with studies on variation in linguistic change in other languages, show that the diffusion of morphophonological innovations may depend on various linguistic as well as extra-linguistic factors. The investigation seems to support the hypothesis that there is no basic difference between the mechanisms of system-internal change and change produced by external influence.

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23

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. "Actualization: Linguistic Change in Progress (review)." Language 79, no. 4 (2003): 772–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0273.

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24

Ong, Teresa. "Linguistic landscapes, multilingualism and social change." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 36, no. 2 (September 10, 2014): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2014.954828.

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25

Bridges, Glenys. "Neuro-Linguistic Programming: conversations for change." Dental Nursing 10, no. 9 (September 2, 2014): 513–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/denn.2014.10.9.513.

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26

Fløttum, Kjersti. "Linguistic mediation of climate change discourse." ASp, no. 65 (March 1, 2014): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/asp.4182.

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27

Hummadi, Ali Salman, and Jinan Abdul Razzaq Al-Heety. "EXTRA-LINGUISTIC MOTIVES INITIATING LANGUAGE CHANGE." Malaysian Journal of Languages and Linguistics (MJLL) 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/mjll.vol5iss1pp31-40.

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28

Viola, Lorella. "From linguistic innovation to language change." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 55, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.17021.vio.

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Abstract This study investigates the diachrony of the Italian expression non c’è problema ‘no problem’ when used as a response marker (e.g., Tottie 1991; Ward 2006) to establish if it represents a case of language change (Milroy, 1992: 171). If on the one hand, the expression was indeed reported to be a neologism by Radtke in 1990, a careful exploration of the relevant literature on the other has revealed that a diachronic, quantitative and pragmatic investigation of its distribution has not been conducted yet. Methodologically, the study conducts lexicographic, quantitative and qualitative analyses over a range of historical and contemporary dictionaries and corpora and it performs statistical significance tests, such as the Log Likelihood and the Fisher’s exact test. The results will reveal not only that this marker started to be used in 1977, but also that today, it is the response marker preferred by language users, thus qualifying as a case of language change. Furthermore, by analysing the diachronic distribution of no problem in English, the article will also explore the possibility that English may have been the source language for such change.

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Roberge, Paul T., and Peter Muhlhausler. "Linguistic Ecology: Language Change and Linguistic Imperialism in the Pacific Region." Language 75, no. 1 (March 1999): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417478.

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30

Matsubara, Koji. "Linguistic ecology: Language change and linguistic imperialism in the Pacific region." Journal of Pragmatics 27, no. 4 (April 1997): 542–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-2166(97)83638-7.

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31

Gordon, Matthew. "Principles of Linguistic Change: Social Factors, Volume 2.:Principles of Linguistic Change: Social Factors, Volume 2." American Anthropologist 105, no. 2 (June 2003): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2003.105.2.436.

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32

Lu, Chuhao. "On the Classification of Semantic Changes in Grammatical Metaphor." International Journal of Linguistics 10, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v10i1.12419.

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In terms of the correlations of grammatical metaphor, semantics and semogenesis, grammatical metaphor is studied as regard to its influence on semantic meanings. Theory of image schema in cognitive linguistic, together with the semantic analysis in semantics, is being adopted into the classification of change in semantic meanings, which is embedded in linguistic and non-linguistic level. Later it was found out that both ideational metaphor and interpersonal metaphor can create these four types of semantic changes, namely, semantic reduction, semantic addition, semantic inconsistence, and semantic reconstruction. Some human’s cognitive characteristics and cognitive processes are also revealed by this interdisciplinary approach of combining grammatical metaphor with other fields, such as cognitive linguistics and cognitive pragmatics.

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Hassan Mahmoud, Rehab. "Linguistic Manifestations of Climate Change in the Qur’an: A Systemic Functional Linguistics Analysis." مجلة الدراسات الإنسانية والأدبية 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 639–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/shak.2023.292575.

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34

Li, Chenxi. "The Influences of Psychology on Linguistics Change." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 27, no. 1 (December 7, 2023): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/27/20231214.

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The paper introduces the influence of psychological factors on the shift of linguistics in different aspects that are sound change, word change and syntactic change respectively. Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, while psychology is the scientific study of peoples mind and behavior. The connection between the two disciplines arises from the fact that language is a fundamental aspect of human cognition and communication. Then, the question is that what is the relationship between them. This paper finds that psychology has significant influence to these linguistic shifts. And it presents several typical evidences to support the arguments by analyzing and explaining the factors that contributed to them.

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35

Thomason, Sarah. "Language Contact and Deliberate Change." Journal of Language Contact 1, no. 1 (2007): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000007792548387.

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AbstractThis paper explores the process of "negotiation", whereby speakers of two or more languages converge on a partially or entirely shared linguistic system. This process is surely unconscious in many or most instances, but sometimes speakers are aware of what they are doing as they "negotiate" the linguistic outcome of language contact. I provide evidence for the latter assertion, and discuss the difficulties inherent in any attempt to generalize about conscious vs. unconscious negotiation. I also contrast the process of negotiation with some other views of linguistic convergence. Finally, summarizing previous results, I argue that the existence of deliberate contact-induced (and other) linguistic change vitiates all efforts to achieve a deterministic predictive theory of contact-induced language change.

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Kerswill, Paul. "Children, adolescents, and language change." Language Variation and Change 8, no. 2 (July 1996): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500001137.

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ABSTRACTThe article models the spread of linguistic change by taking precise account of the ages of the acquirers and transmitters of change. Several studies, some original, are reviewed in order to address the following questions: “What types of linguistic feature can an individual acquire at different ages?” “How much influence do people of different ages exert on the speech of other individuals?” The article is organized around three key interlocutor combinations: parent-infant/young child, peer group-preadolescent, and older adolescent/adult-adolescent. The studies suggest that borrowings are the easiest to acquire, while lexically unpredictable phonological changes are the most difficult. In between are Neogrammarian changes and morphologically conditioned features. The age of the speaker is critical; only the youngest children acquire the “hardest” features. However, adolescents may be the most influential transmitters of change. A difficulty hierarchy for the acquisition of second dialect features is then presented; it is suggested that this predicts the nature of linguistic change found under different sociolinguistic conditions. The approach presented here allows for a more detailed understanding of the spread of linguistic change.

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37

KLEE, CAROL A. "The role of language contact in semantic change: Ser and estar – a response to Geeslin and Guijarro-Fuentes." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 11, no. 3 (November 2008): 381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136672890800360x.

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The role of language contact in linguistic change remains a polemic issue in the field of contact linguistics. Many researchers (Weinreich, 1953; Lefebvre, 1985; Prince, 1988; Silva-Corvalán, 1994; King, 2000; Sankoff, 2002; Labov, 2007) believe that there are limits on the types of linguistic patterns that can be transmitted across languages, while others (Thomason and Kaufman, 1988, p. 14) deem that “any linguistic feature can be transferred from any language to any other language”. Regardless of the differences of opinion on this issue, there is widespread recognition that the social context, including such features as the size and characteristics of the bilingual groups, the attitudes toward the languages spoken, and the intensity and duration of language contact, play an important role in determining the linguistic outcomes of language contact.

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38

Posner, Rebecca. "Historical linguistics, language change and the history of French." Journal of French Language Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1994): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269500001988.

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AbstractThis is a personal delineation of part of a methodology for the History of the French Language, aiming to combine the methodology of linguistics with that of history proper. Both traditional and modern methods of ‘historical linguistics’ fail to take account of a real time dimension, whereas ‘language history’ often resembles institutional, cultural and social history. We ask how we identify the ‘event’ and the ‘object’ of linguistic history, and how we distinguish variation, innovation, shift and change. We ask also what the linguist can contribute to the historian's reconstruction of the past.

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Reindl, Donald F. "HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS: AN INTRODUCTION.Lyle Campbell. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998. Pp. xx + 396. $30.00 paper." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 22, no. 2 (June 2000): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263100292061.

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In his introduction, Campbell makes a case for the broader relevance of historical linguistics by noting that observing what does and does not change in language contributes to “the understanding of universal grammar, language typology, and human cognition in general” (p. 2). The generativist perspective that phonological and syntactic changes are linked to language acquisition, cited on page 236, illustrates one interface between historical linguistics and general linguistic theory.

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Holt, D. Eric. "Linguistic structure and linguistic change: Explanation from language processing By Thomas Berg." Language 76, no. 1 (2000): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2000.0044.

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Nilsson, Jenny. "Dialect change?" Nordic Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 2 (October 23, 2009): 207–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586509990047.

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The project Dialect Levelling in West Sweden focuses on the dialect situation in the first decade of the 21st century compared with the dialects spoken in the same region in the 1940s–1960s. Seventy teenagers participating in group interviews have been recorded and their use of phonological and morphological variables has been analysed. Comparisons with data recorded in the same region by The Institute of Language and Folklore in 1940–1960 show that dialect levelling is under way. It seems that the population of this area no longer speak a traditional dialect. An important issue, however, is how much the traditional dialects have actually changed, and to what extent the method for collecting data affects the answer. In the mid-20th century, the praxis within Swedish dialectology for selecting informants was to find as old and rural dialect speakers as possible to represent a specific region, and the purpose was that of documenting the dialect as a linguistic system. Today, however, many studies select informants based on speaker variables, because the aim is to document thedialect situation(i.e. who uses what linguistic variants when), rather than the traditional dialect as a linguistic system. Thus, there is a distinct difference between a linguistic interest and a sociolinguistic one. In this paper I suggest that it is critical when discussing dialect change to observe this very methodological change. In order to illustrate this, the use of dialect variants by two informants recorded in 1948 is compared with the use of dialect variants by three informants recorded in 2007 and 2008. The informants are all from around a small rural village located approximately 70 km from Gothenburg in West Sweden. This is an area where a specific variety of West Swedish has been spoken. By comparing these individuals, the concept of dialect change is problematized.

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Semenova, Zhidegul. "LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE IN KYRGYZ LANGUAGE STUDIES." Alatoo Academic Studies 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2022.224.31.

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The article discusses the role of linguistic expertise in Kyrgyz linguistics. The fundamental directions of Kyrgyz linguistics play a key role in resolving conflict situations arising from unequal understanding or different perception of a text or its fragment, individual words and sentences. The change in attitude to language is due to its ontological properties in relation to the linguistic society and linguistic personality that take place in life. We know that “new” views on the language are beginning to take root in modern Kyrgyz linguistics. The problem of identifying signs of deliberate insult to someone can be solved in different ways. Such a feature can be important not only in jurisprudence, but also in linguistics. In real life, even if someone wants to be insulted and humiliated, there are times when the addressee is indifferent and does not feel humiliated. In this case, the question arises as to the existence of the fact of insult.

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Labov, William. "The intersection of sex and social class in the course of linguistic change." Language Variation and Change 2, no. 2 (July 1990): 205–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000338.

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ABSTRACTTwo general principles of sexual differentiation emerge from previous sociolinguistic studies: that men use a higher frequency of nonstandard forms than women in stable situations, and that women are generally the innovators in linguistic change. It is not clear whether these two tendencies can be unified, or how differences between the sexes can account for the observed patterns of linguistic change. The extensive interaction between sex and other social factors raises the issue as to whether the curvilinear social class pattern associated with linguistic change is the product of a rejection of female-dominated changes by lower-class males. Multivariate analysis of data from the Philadelphia Project on Linguistic Change and Variation indicates that sexual differentiation is independent of social class at the beginning of a change, but that interaction develops gradually as social awareness of the change increases. It is proposed that sexual differentiation of language is generated by two distinct processes: (1) for all social classes, the asymmetric context of language learning leads to an initial acceleration of female-dominated changes and retardation of male-dominated changes; (2) women lead men in the rejection of linguistic changes as they are recognized by the speech community, a differentiation that is maximal for the second highest status group.

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Linares, Emily. "Home-comers as a source of language contact: Return Azorean emigrants’ English code-switching practices." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 12, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 127–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2019-2003.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is two-fold: first, it seeks to highlight the potential of return emigrants — or home-comers — to introduce lexical change in their first language (L1). Second, it represents a contribution to Lusophone linguistics and Romance linguistics more broadly in examining speech performance data from home-comers of an under-researched Portuguese variety, a dialect of Azorean Portuguese. Drawing on Backus’s notion of entrenchment, I first present home-comers as a possible source of language change due to their contact with and potential use of L2 lexical items encountered abroad, and I highlight the Azores as an important yet overlooked site for language contact and change. In analyzing spontaneous oral narratives of emigration collected in the Azores, I demonstrate how home-comers’ ideological attitudes and linguistic resources serve as the ground on which linguistic changes occur. After examining the import of performance data on the individual level, I consider the status of a particular lexical category of code-switches — English discourse markers (i.e. ‘so’ and ‘you know’) — in Romance and their potential to become lexicalized and regarded as Portuguese in this particular contact situation.

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RICKARD, P. "Review. Linguistic Change in French. Posner, Rebecca." French Studies 52, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/52.3.372.

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Peeters, Bert. "Linguistic Change in French, by Rebecca Posner." Romance Philology 55, no. 2 (January 2002): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rph.2.304481.

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Coveney, Aidan. "Rebecca Posner, 1997, Linguistic Change in French." International Journal of Applied Linguistics 10, no. 1 (June 2000): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2000.tb00145.x.

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Trobevšek Drobnak, Frančiška. "Linguistic variation and change: Middle English infinitive." Acta Neophilologica 37, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2004): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.37.1-2.103-114.

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In Middle English the old inflected infinitive lost its supine function and gradually replaced the uninflected infinitive in all positions, except in the complementation of moal and a limited number of other verbs. According to most linguists, the choice between the to infinitive and the bare infinitive was either lexically or structurally conditioned. The theory of linguistic change as the assertion of weaker or stronger linguistic variants postulates the affinity of stronger variants for more complex, i. e. functionally marked grammaticall environment. The author tests the validity of the theory against the assertion of the English to infinitive at the expanse of the bare infinitive after the Norman Conquest. The results confirm the initial hypothesist that the degree of formal marked ness of the infinitive concurred with the degree of the functional markedness of grammatical pa rameters.

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MILROY, JAMES. "Internal vs external motivations for linguistic change." Multilingua - Journal of Cross-Cultural and Interlanguage Communication 16, no. 4 (1997): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mult.1997.16.4.311.

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Tagliamonte, Sali A., Alexandra D’Arcy, and Celeste Rodríguez Louro. "Outliers, impact, and rationalization in linguistic change." Language 92, no. 4 (2016): 824–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2016.0074.

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