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Felício, Carla Patrícia [UNESP]. "A gramaticalização da conjunção concessiva embora." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86569.
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felicio_cp_me_sjrp.pdf: 1650362 bytes, checksum: 586c6cd19a45ef5c84ad2dbf2f73e9a3 (MD5)A Gramaticalização (GR) é um processo histórico e unidirecional de mudança lingüística, em que itens com conteúdo lexical ou menos gramatical passam ao longo do tempo a se comportar como itens gramaticais, tendo seu significado abstratizado e fortalecido quanto à expressividade do falante. Mecanismos cognitivos, como a metáfora e a metonímia, atuam nesse processo de mudança, visto que por esses mecanismos há abstratização do significado e recategorização sintática induzida pelo contexto lingüístico. Além disso, de acordo com Traugott (1999), há dois mecanismos envolvidos na mudança semântica que acompanha a GR, a subjetivização e intersubjetivização. Por esses dois mecanismos, significados se tornam mais centrados na crença/atitude do falante em relação ao ouvinte. Sob essa ótica, este trabalho, baseado em dados sincrônicos e diacrônicos do português, tem como principal objetivo investigar o processo de mudança responsável pelas alterações sintáticas e semânticas (pragmatização de significado) da conjunção concessiva embora, partícula que teve sua origem na locução adverbial temporal em boa hora, utilizada para desejar bom augúrio, no século XV. Por essa investigação, foi possível reconstruir os usos diacrônicos de embora ao longo da história do português, apreender o(s) contexto(s) que foi(ram) responsável(is) pelas mudanças sofridas pelo item e encontrar razões históricas para o uso na sincronia atual. Além do mais, foram checadas algumas hipóteses no que diz respeito à unidirecionalidade e às fontes para o surgimento de concessivas. Para alcançar esse objetivo maior, o trabalho também examinou os diferentes usos sincrônicos de embora no português, falado e escrito, com a finalidade de encontrar pistas do funcionamento atual que auxiliem na descrição histórica.
Grammaticalization (GR) is a unidirectional historical process of changes in linguistics in which items with lexical or less grammatical content start acting as grammatical items throughout time, abstractizing and strengthening its meaning as for the speaker’s expressiveness. Cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy act in this process of change, whereas they cause meaning abstractization and syntactic recategorization induced by the linguistic context. Besides, according to Traugott (1999), there are two mechanisms involved in the semantic change that keeps up with the GR which are subjectivization and intersubjectivization. Meanings become more focused on the speaker’s belief/attitude in relation to the listener through both mechanisms. Considering this vision and based on synchronic and diachronic data from Portuguese, the present work aims at researching the process of change responsible for syntactic and semantic alterations (pragmatizing meaning) of the concessive conjunction embora, which is a particle originated from the adverbial clause of time em boa hora, used to wish good luck in the XV Century. By means of this research it was possible to reconstruct diachronic usages of embora throughout Portuguese history, to learn about the context(s) that was(were) responsible for changes suffered by the item, and to find historical explanations for the usage in the current synchrony. Beyond that, some hypothesis related to unidirectionality and the origins of concessive conjunctions were also checked. In order to reach this aim, the present work also verified the different synchronic usages of embora in spoken and written Portuguese to find tips about the current behavior that can help in historical description.
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Smith, David Mark. "Linguistic change in the Galician speech community." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367548.
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Felício, Carla Patrícia. "A gramaticalização da conjunção concessiva embora /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86569.
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Orientador: Sanderléia Roberta Longhin-ThomaziBanca: Maria Célia Lima-Hernades
Banca: Sebastião Carlos Gonçalves
Resumo: A Gramaticalização (GR) é um processo histórico e unidirecional de mudança lingüística, em que itens com conteúdo lexical ou menos gramatical passam ao longo do tempo a se comportar como itens gramaticais, tendo seu significado abstratizado e fortalecido quanto à expressividade do falante. Mecanismos cognitivos, como a metáfora e a metonímia, atuam nesse processo de mudança, visto que por esses mecanismos há abstratização do significado e recategorização sintática induzida pelo contexto lingüístico. Além disso, de acordo com Traugott (1999), há dois mecanismos envolvidos na mudança semântica que acompanha a GR, a subjetivização e intersubjetivização. Por esses dois mecanismos, significados se tornam mais centrados na crença/atitude do falante em relação ao ouvinte. Sob essa ótica, este trabalho, baseado em dados sincrônicos e diacrônicos do português, tem como principal objetivo investigar o processo de mudança responsável pelas alterações sintáticas e semânticas (pragmatização de significado) da conjunção concessiva embora, partícula que teve sua origem na locução adverbial temporal em boa hora, utilizada para desejar bom augúrio, no século XV. Por essa investigação, foi possível reconstruir os usos diacrônicos de embora ao longo da história do português, apreender o(s) contexto(s) que foi(ram) responsável(is) pelas mudanças sofridas pelo item e encontrar razões históricas para o uso na sincronia atual. Além do mais, foram checadas algumas hipóteses no que diz respeito à unidirecionalidade e às fontes para o surgimento de concessivas. Para alcançar esse objetivo maior, o trabalho também examinou os diferentes usos sincrônicos de embora no português, falado e escrito, com a finalidade de encontrar pistas do funcionamento atual que auxiliem na descrição histórica.
Abstract: Grammaticalization (GR) is a unidirectional historical process of changes in linguistics in which items with lexical or less grammatical content start acting as grammatical items throughout time, abstractizing and strengthening its meaning as for the speaker's expressiveness. Cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy act in this process of change, whereas they cause meaning abstractization and syntactic recategorization induced by the linguistic context. Besides, according to Traugott (1999), there are two mechanisms involved in the semantic change that keeps up with the GR which are subjectivization and intersubjectivization. Meanings become more focused on the speaker's belief/attitude in relation to the listener through both mechanisms. Considering this vision and based on synchronic and diachronic data from Portuguese, the present work aims at researching the process of change responsible for syntactic and semantic alterations (pragmatizing meaning) of the concessive conjunction embora, which is a particle originated from the adverbial clause of time em boa hora, used to wish good luck in the XV Century. By means of this research it was possible to reconstruct diachronic usages of embora throughout Portuguese history, to learn about the context(s) that was(were) responsible for changes suffered by the item, and to find historical explanations for the usage in the current synchrony. Beyond that, some hypothesis related to unidirectionality and the origins of concessive conjunctions were also checked. In order to reach this aim, the present work also verified the different synchronic usages of embora in spoken and written Portuguese to find tips about the current behavior that can help in historical description.
Mestre
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Peters, Arne [Verfasser]. "Linguistic Change in Galway City English / Arne Peters." Frankfurt : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1105292959/34.
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Sakurai, Kazuhiro, and 櫻井和裕. "An OT-LFG analysis of language change." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46732482.
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Seybold, Brett Arthur. "Semantic change from pre-resurrection to post-resurrection contexts." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Hughes, Catrin. "Linguistic change and the attitudes to possible language change : a case study Dyfed." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303983.
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Smith, Alan. "Linguistic change on British and French public service radio." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323448.
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Rahmani, Monireh. "Ethnography of language change : an ethnolinguistic survey of the Gilaki language /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42576051.html.
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Ehala, Martin. "Self-organisation and language change : the theory of linguistic bifurcations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252057.
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Finnegan, Katie Siobhan. "Linguistic variation, stability and change in middle-class Sheffield English." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.548482.
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Johnstone, M. J. "The central role of variation and change in linguistic theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605675.
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In this thesis I aim to clarify the implications of variation and change for linguistic theory: to examine how linguists deal with variability and to show the implications of their theoretical choices. Firstly, I discuss in detail what linguistic theories are trying to achieve in terms of description and explanation, and how they should deal with variability. Much modern linguistic theory idealizes languages as invariant states, and goes beyond this to look for language universals. It is also commonly assumed that linguistics should be a study of psychological reality. I show that linguists often adopt these idealizations without explicitly discussing the relation between invariant states and variation, universals and tendencies, the psychological and the non-psychological, even when such theories are used to account for variation and change. I show how these unexamined assumptions have led to over-complex, uninsightful models and inappropriate explanations, both for states and for changes. Following this theoretical discussion, my first case study examines Optimality Theory phonology. I argue that incorrect assumptions about synchronic universals have led to unnecessary and uninsightful elaborations of the theory. Many patterns are better characterised and explained in terms of diachronic changes, and we need to consider carefully the interaction between synchrony and diachrony. As well as qualitative variation, I also examine analyses of quantitative variation, showing that they are too powerful and have difficulties with explanation. Work on quantitative variation in syntax has similar problems with statistical significance and external explanation. My second case study considers definiteness marking in Scandinavian noun phrases. I examine how three different synchronic theories (HPSG, OT and minimalist) analyse the variation between languages, and conclude that they are either too loose or too restrictive to be particularly insightful. I then trace the diachronic development of the languages and suggest that it is more revealing to take a historical view with less abstract representations, and that frequency of usage is also significant for explaining later categorical synchronic patterns. I conclude that progress in linguistics requires a broad perspective which compares alternative models and considers how they can be motivated in the light of variation, change, and external explanation.
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Kegel, Terry. "Linguistic tug-of-war French and German in Alsace, 1945 /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2004. http://thesis.haverford.edu/85/01/2003KegelT%5Flinguistics.pdf.
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Benedicto, Manuela Ayres Batista 1988. "De Latinis sermonibvs : a diversidade linguística segundo Quintiliano." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270898.
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Orientador: Marcos Aurélio PereiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O presente trabalho consiste em uma análise da diversidade linguística do latim, ao longo de sua vigência de cerca de oito séculos como língua falada, mas, sobretudo, no final do período republicano e início do Império (sécs. I a.C. - I d.C.). Tendo como base alguns pressupostos da linguística moderna sobre variação e mudança linguísticas, o trabalho propõe uma reflexão sobre o modo como os antigos e, principalmente, o mestre de retórica Quintiliano, lidavam com a percepção da diversidade e da variabilidade de sua língua. Procurou-se compor um quadro "sociolinguístico" do latim, abrangendo o que os latinos entendiam como as variedades de sua língua, chamadas por eles de sermones, para, então, apresentar a visão de Quintiliano sobre os mesmos fenômenos, que está concentrada e, de certa maneira, sistematizada nos três primeiros capítulos do Livro VIII de sua Institutio oratoria
Abstract: This work consists in an analysis of the linguistic diversity of Latin, throughout its duration of around eight centuries as a spoken language, especially at the end of the republican period and beginning of the Empire (centuries IBC- IAD). Based on some assumptions of modern linguistics over linguistic variation and change, this work proposes some reflection about the way the ancient and mainly the master of rhetoric Quintiliano dealt with the perception of diversity and variability of its language. As an attempt to compose a sociolinguistic context of Latin, it was included what the Latins understood as varieties of their language, called sermones, and then, to present the vision of Quintiliano of the same phenomena, which is concentrated, and, somehow, systematized in the three first chapters of Book VIII of Institutio oratoria
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestra em Linguística
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Kasstan, Jonathan Richard. "Variation and change in Francoprovençal : a study of an emerging linguistic norm." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/56637/.
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This variationist sociolinguistic study investigates language change in the Francoprovençal speaking communities of les monts du Lyonnais in France, and the Canton of Valais in Switzerland. In Chapter 1 we give a brief overview of Francoprovençal, and outline the parameters of the study. Chapter 2 presents an overview of where Francoprovençal has come from and why it is so controversial. Beginning with its origins, we give a brief history of dialectalisation for our fieldwork areas, before discussing Francoprovençal as an exceptional case in the Romance linguistic literature. Case studies on language maintenance and shift are presented in Chapter 3, where we contextualise our study on Francoprovençal and the emergence of the 'Arpitan' revitalisation movement. We argue that Francoprovencal does not quite fit the mould of other multidialectal contexts such as Breton or Corsican. Chapter 4 outlines the methods employed in undertaking the empirical and ethnographic fieldwork for the study. In Chapters 5, 6, and 7 we examine each of the linguistic variables in the study in relation to a number of extra-linguistic factors. Our findings indicate that, while older traditional speakers produce localised dialectal variants in a more monitored speech style, there is variation. Conversely, the new speakers not only show substantial linguistic divergence from other speakers in the sample, but also from each other. We present evidence to suggest that the pan-regional norm is having some impact on language use. In Chapter 8 we focus specifically on the Arpitan movement and its effects, asking in what ways a commitment to the revitalisation cause is driving change for some participants in the study. A novel Arpitan Engagement Index is employed to assess the extent to which speakers are connected with the movement and how this correlates with language use: we focus on the social significance of a series of 'new' Arpitan forms. We terminate with our conclusions in Chapter 9, where we advance a number of hypotheses in relation to language change in the communities under investigation. In particular, we suggest that convergence is taking place in the direction of both national and regional norms. Lastly, we suggest avenues for future research trajectories.
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Peng, Xinjia. "Linguistic Innovations in Chinese: Internal and External Factors." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22707.
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This dissertation seeks to deepen understanding towards language change by answering three questions: What is the unit of change? What is the manner of change? What are the factors of change? Three cases of linguistic innovation in the Chinese language are examined. Adopting a usage-based approach, I analyze the language data of these three linguistic innovations, and the results provide unanimous answers to the three questions. First, the basic unit of language change is a construction, and it can be of any length, such as phrasal, clausal or discourse-length. Second, these cases of linguistic innovation present a scenario of change led by high-frequency exemplars, demonstrating that language change can be abrupt rather than gradual. Third, the external factors giving rise to the exemplars prove crucial in reconstructing language change in progress. All three case studies present linguistic innovation as a response to a changing material reality. I thus advocate a usage-based constructionist approach that considers external factors in the investigation of language change, as it allows us to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the process.
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Watts, Dominic James Landon. "Variation and change in the vowel system of Tyneside English." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/350.
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This thesis presents a variationist account of phonological variation and change in the vowel system of Tyneside English. The distributions of the phonetic exponents of five vowel variables are assessed with respect to the social variables sex, age and social class. Using a corpus of conversational and word-list material, for which 32 speakers of Tyneside English were recorded, between 30 and 40 tokens per speaker of the variables (i), (u), (e), (o) and (3) were transcribed impressionistically and subclassified by following phonological context. The results of this analysis are significant on several counts. First, the speakers sampled appear to differentiate themselves within the speech community through the variable use of certain socially marked phonetic variants, which can be correlated with the sex, age and class variables. Secondly, the speakers style shift to a greater or lesser degree according to combinations of the three social factors, such that surface variability is reduced as a function of increased formality. Third, the overall pattern among the sample population seems to be one of increasing uniformity or convergence: it is speculated that social mobility among upper working- and lower-middle class groups may lead to accent levelling, whereby local speech forms are supplanted by supra-local or innovative intermediate ones. That is, the patterns observed here may be indicative of change in progress. Last, a comparison of the results for the (phonologically) paired variables (i u) and (e o) shows a strong tendency for Tyneside speakers to use these 'symmetrically', in that choice of variant in one variable predicts choice of variant in the other. It is suggested that the symmetry in the system is exploited by Tyneside speakers for the purposes of indicating social affiliation and identity, and is in this sense an extra sociolinguistic resource upon which speakers can draw. In addition, the variants of (3) are discussed with reference to the reported merger of this variable with (a); it is suggested that the apparent 'unmerging' of these two classes is unproblematic from a structural point of view, as the putative (3)—(o) merger appears never to have been completed.
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Chiarelli, Glaucia Andrioli [UNESP]. "A gramaticalização de então no português paulista: um estudo pancrônico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86552.
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chiarelli_ga_me_sjrp.pdf: 535384 bytes, checksum: a0e9292279807f42ae1fd0973c3f1ab0 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O propósito desta pesquisa é investigar, a partir de uma perspectiva pancrônica, a multifuncionalidade sintático-semântica do item então em textos das formas de enunciação falada e escrita, como um fenômeno de mudança linguística por gramaticalização. Para tanto, a partir de propostas funcionalistas sobre junção (RAIBLE, 2001 e HALLIDAY, 1985), descrevemos os usos juntivos de então, focalizando traços sintáticos, semânticos, discursivos e pragmáticos. A Junção é entendida como um processo que se caracteriza pelo cruzamento de diferentes parâmetros, entre eles, os parâmetros hierarquia sintática e relações semânticas. Isso significa que um juntor é um item que liga sintaticamente orações ou porções textuais maiores e exprime alguma relação de sentido. O corpus utilizado para a análise é composto de (i) 21 inquéritos do Banco de Dados IBORUNA, organizados com amostras de fala do interior paulista e de (ii) textos escritos dos séculos XIX, XX e XXI, representativos de duas modalidades da Tradição Discursiva carta: cartas pessoais e cartas de leitores e redatores de jornais e revistas do Estado de São Paulo. A adoção da noção de Tradição Discursiva (KABATEK, 2006) permitiu não só um recorte teórico-metodológico do corpus de escrita, mas também o estabelecimento de correlações entre os diferentes usos do elemento então e os diferentes tipos de cartas analisados. Por meio da análise dos dados, verificamos que o item então apresenta diferentes graus de prototipicidade enquanto juntor, codificando diversas relações semânticas e pragmáticas, e, a depender do contexto, assume diversas configurações sintáticas. A partir desses resultados, pudemos refletir sobre o processo de gramaticalização sofrido pelo item então. A gramaticalização é entendida como o processo por meio do qual um item ou construção adquire, gradualmente...
The purpose of this paper is to investigate, in a pancronic perspective, the syntactic and semantic functions of the Portuguese item então, in written and oral texts, as a case of linguistic change by grammaticalization. Therefore, according to functionalist theories about junction (RAIBLE, 2001 e HALLIDAY, 1985), we described the junctive uses of então, focusing on the syntactic, semantic, discoursive and pragmatic traits. Junction is understood as a process characterized by the mix of different parameters, among them, syntactic hierarchy and semantic relations. It means that a junctor is an item that syntactically links sentences or textual parts and expresses some sense. The corpus used to the analysis is made up by (i) 21 interviews of Banco de Dados IBORUNA (IBORUNA Database), organized with conversations samples from São Paulo countryside and (ii) written texts from 19th , 20th and 21st centuries, in two different types of the Discoursive Tradition letter: personal letters and reader’s and editor’s letters from magazines and newspaper from São Paulo State. The use of Discoursive Tradition notion (KABATEK, 2006) allowed us not only a theoretical and methodological selection of the written corpus, but also the establishment of relations between the different functions of então and the different types of letters analyzed. By analyzing the data selected, we checked that então presents different levels of prototypicity as a junctor, expressing a lot of semantic and pragmatic relations and, depending on the context, it assumes different syntactic designs. Due to those results, we could think about the grammaticalization process suffered by the item então. Grammaticalization is understood as a process in which items or expressions assume, gradually, and in some contexts, more grammatical functions (HEINE et al. 1991, HOPPER e TRAUGOTT, 2003). We presented new... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ismail, Hanadi. "Suburbia and the inner-city : patterns of linguistic variation and change in Damascus." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.446042.
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Al, Ammar Deema. "Linguistic variation and change in the dialect of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia : feminine suffixes." Thesis, University of Essex, 2017. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20599/.
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This study investigates sociolinguistic variation and change in the dialect of Ha’il city, a dialect that belongs to the Najdi type of dialects, especially Northern Najdi. Two traditional linguistic features of Ha’ili Arabic (HA) are examined: the realisation of the feminine ending (ah) and realisation of the feminine plural suffix (a:t), in relation to three social factors: age (Younger, Middle-aged, Older), gender (Male, Female) and levels of contact (High, Low) with people from different dialectal backgrounds. Raising of the feminine ending -ah is defined as: fronting and raising of short /a/ to /ɛ/ or /e/. In traditional Ha’ili Arabic, /a/ is raised unconditionally in all environments even after guttural and emphatic sounds (Abboud, 1979). The results, however, show progressive lowering of the (ah) variable, constrained by social and linguistic factors. Younger female speakers especially those with high level of contact lead the change toward the innovative and supra-local variant [a], while older speakers, even those with high level of contact, maintain the use of the traditional variant [e] at a very high rate (96%). Women are slightly ahead of men in using [a]. Such gender patterning can be interpreted in relation to the fact that there is no negative social meaning associated to the use of the two variants. Regarding the second variable (a:t), /t/ in the feminine plural suffix -a:t can be lenited to /h/ or /j/ in HA. According to previous research (Abboud, 1964 and Ingham, 1982, 2009), lenition of /a:t/ is linguistically conditioned by the following environment. It is promoted pre- pausally and when the following word begins with a consonant, but it is precluded when followed by a vowel across word boundary. The results show that the innovative variant [a:t] is highly favoured when it is followed by a vowel across word boundary. Additionally, the number of syllables and the stress on the final syllable appear to have a minimal effect on the realisation of (a:t). All the younger speakers, except low contact female speakers, use the innovative variant categorically, while the older speakers use it at a rate of 52%. Concerning gender, men are found to lead the change in using [a:t] than women. This gender pattern is explained with reference to men’s social interaction, mobility and to the overt stigmatisation associated with the use of the traditional variants [a:j] and [a:h] by male speakers. Overall, a progressive levelling out of local/marked features in HA has been observed in favouring the innovative features found in the emerging supra-local variety in the central region of Saudi Arabia.
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Fyne, Jon. "The dialect of New Mills : linguistic change in a North-West Derbyshire community." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1094/.
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This research has two primary aims, both of which are intrinsically linked: firstly, to provide a description of the traditional dialect of New Mills on the levels of phonology (a systematic description), grammar and lexis; secondly, to analyse linguistic change that is currently occurring within the traditional dialect. The first of these aims is achieved by analysing the speech of the oldest members of the community. A qualitative age-based comparison enables the second objective to be undertaken. In order to record the traditional dialect, informants were selected who were most likely to use this stratum of speech (i.e. older working class male informants). Moreover, as this is essentially a study of linguistic change in apparent time, all independent variables, except age, are kept constant. Thus the data is taken from a socially homogenous group of speakers, who only vary by age, ranging from retired persons to teenagers. Theoretically, this should enable an analysis of change within the traditional dialect only, and thus provide a clearer picture as to the extent and nature of the change in progress. Attention is focused upon standardisation and / or levelling within the traditional dialect, and the possible factors, both linguistic and extra-linguistic (e.g., cultural / attitudinal) behind these processes.
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Mahdiraji, Mohammad Amuzadeh. "The language of press advertising : the case of Persian advertising in pre- and post-revolutionary Iran and abroad /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm2139.pdf.
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Martínez-Acchini, Leonardo Miguel. "Hidden people, hidden identity socio-cultural and linguistic change among Quechua migrants in lowland Bolivia /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024856.
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Koul, Ashok K. "Lexical borrowings in Kashmiri /." Delhi : Indian Institute of Language Studies, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=8186323295.
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Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--Kurukshetra University, 1986.Originaltitel: A linguistic study of loan words in Kashmiri, Titel der Originaldiss. Includes bibliographical references (p. [103]-104).
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Cook, Angela Elizabeth. "A Linguistic Analysis of Selected Morpho-syntactic Features of Spoken Mandarin." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367028.
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This dissertation carries out a linguistic analysis of three selected morpho-syntactic features of Modern Standard Chinese using a corpus of spoken data. It aims to contribute to a better understanding of Mandarin Chinese grammar by making two quite different contributions to the body of research.
Firstly, it provides a reconceptualised analysis of the existing literature on morpho-syntactic language change in Modern Standard Chinese, which is presented both diagrammatically and in textual form. The reconceptualisation of previous findings reveals some important and interesting correlations and connections that were not immediately obvious from the existing literature, owing to the disparate and ad hoc nature in which they have often been presented. It is hoped that a flow-on effect of this unified classification schema will be to encourage a more systematic, organised and manageable approach to conducting and reporting on future research into Chinese morpho-syntactic language change.
The second contribution is a detailed grammatical analysis of selected morpho-syntactic features of Mandarin Chinese, which is carried out using a corpus of spoken data assembled especially for the purposes of this research. The corpus consists of transcripts of the chat show ‘A Date with Luyu’ broadcast between January and September 2011, and totals over 500,000 characters in size.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Languages and Linguistics
Arts, Education and Law
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Schumm, Gabriele de Souza e. Castro. "Um estudo enunciativo sobre politica de linguas e mudança linguistica." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270587.
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Orientador: Eduardo Roberto Junqueira GuimarãesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Essa tese visa discutir, a partir do conceito de espaço de enunciação, a relação de línguas e, nesta medida, a mudança lingüística. Tendo em vista a importância da discussão da questão do contato de línguas para os trabalhos sobre mudança lingüística, pensar a relação de línguas, não como algo circunstancial de uma situação de bilingüismo, mas como parte do funcionamento da língua, possibilitou que, a partir do conceito de espaço de enunciação, se apresentasse um outro modo de tratar a mudança, distinto daquele que as teorias lingüísticas têm apresentado. O espaço de enunciação se configura como um espaço de relação de línguas que funcionam sempre em relação a outras línguas se dividindo, se refazendo e se tornam outras. Mas em que sentido a língua se torna outra? Para dar materialidade a esses questionamentos, analisamos um espaço de enunciação particular, o de Friburgo, bairro de descendentes de alemães, localizado na divisa de Campinas com Indaiatuba. A partir da análise do material lingüístico coletado, foi possível atestar que pela relação do português com o alemão este se tornou materialmente outro. Levando em consideração a diferença desse alemão em relação ao alemão falado na Alemanha, discutimos, neste trabalho, os sentidos da mudança e o modo como isso afeta os falantes e a lingüística
Abstract: This thesis aims to discuss, from the concept of enunciation space, the relation of languages, and in this measure, linguistic change. Keeping in mind the importance of discussion about the question of language contact for works about linguistic change, to think in relation to languages, not as something circumstantial of a bilingual situation, but as part of the functioning of language, enabled that from the concept of enunciation space, another manner, distinct from what the other linguistic theories of approaching the change, would present itself. Enunciation space sets itself as a relation space of languages that always work in relation to other languages, dividing, remaking themselves and becoming others. But in what sense makes the language become another? In order to give materiality to these questions, we analyzed a particular enunciation space, Friburgo, a neighborhood of German descendants, located on the border of Campinas and Indaiatuba. From analysis of the linguistic material that was collected, it was possible to witness that through the relation of the Portuguese with German, it materially became another. Taking into consideration the difference between this German and the German spoken in Germany, in this work we discuss the meanings of the change and the way that it affects speaker and linguistics
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Atkinson, John. "Linguistic variation and change in a North-East border town : a sociolinguistic study of Darlington." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1214.
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This thesis presents a sociophonetic study of Darlington, an urban area in the North East of England which has not previously been the focus of linguistic investigation. The study of Darlington is further motivated by the geographical position of the town on the North Yorkshire/South Durham boundary: an area which previous research suggests coincides with a number of dialectal isoglosses. The study examined phonological variability in the speech performance of 32 Darlington English speakers. A total of ten linguistic variables were initially considered for more in-depth investigation across two different styles, a reading word list and free conversation. Consequently five variables were chosen for detailed analysis in light of the results from the pilot study and the fact that they could be compared with existing accounts of the same variables in previous studies of other North- Eastern urban areas, such as Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Middlesbrough. The five linguistic variables (word-initial (h), word final and word medial (t), and the FACE and GOAT vowels) were sampled from speakers recorded in formal (by way of a reading word list) and informal (by way of a 40 minute free conversation) situations in dyads. The dyads were composed of pairs of speaker of the same sex, age and ‘class’. The study also surveyed aspects of the identity construction of the Darlington speakers and the role played in this by accent. A questionnaire was used to record the 32 Darlington English speakers’ overt comments towards their accent and towards their regional identity (an approach which has been adopted in other sociolinguistic studies carried out in the North-East (cf. Llamas (2001), Burbano-Elizondo (2008) and Pichler (2008)). By comparing the language ideologies expressed through the identities questionnaire and patterns of phonological variability, it was possible to evaluate the extent to which affiliation or disaffiliation to Darlington and/or to other areas in the North-East is reflected within the use of the particular variants which were tracked. Overall, the results highlight that whilst Darlington English appears to be moving toward a pan northern koine in respect of both vocalic variables (e) and (o), there are also significant disparities between its phonetic inventory (absence of ‘extended frication’ and glottal reinforcement of /t/) and that of the varieties encountered in surrounding North-Eastern areas. In addition, the use of [h] in word initial position is not used as frequently as in other areas in what Trudgill terms the ‘far north’. Indeed, far from being [h]-ful, Darlington English shows variable use of [h] and its use is highly influenced by social ‘class’. Social ‘class’ was statistically significant for each of the five linguistic variables surveyed. The independent variable of age was significant for the use of (t) in Darlington English, highlighted by the frequent use of [] in the younger speaker groups in contrast to that of [t] by the older speakers. ‘Sex’ showed significance for word-initial (h), but was not significant in any of the other four linguistic variables. The linguistic results are discussed principally in terms of their social effects (i.e. sex, age and ‘class’) and concluding with how the linguistic results fit in with the results seen not only in the North-East of England, but within the UK as a whole.
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Martínez-Acchini, Leonardo Miguel. "Hidden People, Hidden Identity: socio-cultural and Linguistic change among Quechua migrants in lowland Bolivia." University of Florida, 2017. http://dspace.unila.edu.br/123456789/2894.
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A dissertation presented to the graduate school of the University of Florida in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2009Submitted by Leonardo Martinez-Acchini (leonardo.acchini@unila.edu.br) on 2017-11-01T01:49:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 martineza_l.pdf: 1737664 bytes, checksum: a522807aa2f99a94e70dedfdaee49734 (MD5)
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This research is about cultural and linguistic change among western Bolivian highland and valley peasants who have been migrating to the country’s eastern lowlands in the recent years, a very widespread phenomenon in developing economies of the Andean neo-tropics today. In particular, I want to know how Quechua-speaking people from the highlands and valleys adapt to lowland culture; which ethnic traits and linguistic resources they keep, and which ones they abandon; and which strategies they utilize to ease the process of adaptation. The results indicate that highland migrants who settled in the lowland community of Cuatro Cañadas (department of Santa Cruz) speak less Quechua among themselves, and especially with their children, although they assign great importance to the maintenance of this language. Four specific cultural practices that were selected as indicators of Quechua mode of life were measured and analyzed. The results indicate that there is a substantial reduction of these practices in the lowlands. Also, inter-ethnic marriage (highlanders seeking lowlanders), thought to be an important strategy of adaptation, was found to be a preference for a reduced proportion of both the single migrant population and the married population. Therefore, migrants in Cuatro Cañadas are reducing their traditional linguistic behavior and the practice of specific cultural traditions, but their alliance patterns are still somewhat conservative. In spite of this process of acculturation, the theoretical framework used in this research argues that highland migrants do not fully own Cuatro Cañadas: they are trapped between traditional, modern and globalizing codes, and just embrace the hybrid nature of their identities, which makes them speak and behave in certain ways depending on which ethnic identity they want to activate.
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Woodman, Karen. "A study of linguistic, perceptual and pedagogical change in a short-term intensive language program." Thesis, University of Victoria, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102184/1/__qut.edu.au_Documents_StaffHome_StaffGroupW%24_woodmank_Desktop_PhDthesis.pdf.
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This study investigates linguistic, perceptual, and pedagogical change (LPPC) in a short-term, study abroad English immersion program. It proposes the LPPC Interactive Model of second language acquisition based on Gardner's 1985 socioeducational model and Woods' 1996 beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge (BAK) structure. The framework is applied in a cross-cultural context, highlighting participants in the 1993 Camosun Osaka Aoyama English Language Institute involving Japanese English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students from Aoyama Junior College in Osaka, Japan, and non-Japanese ESL teachers at Camosun College and Canada's University of Victoria in British Columbia. The study examined the definition of teacher achievement; distinctions between language activation and language acquisition in the short-term, study abroad context; development of the constructs student BAK+, teacher BAK+, and class BAK+ to describe interactions in "class fit"; and the influence of temporal parameters on linguistic, perceptual, and pedagogical change. Data from teacher and student surveys and interviews suggest that change occurs in each of the linguistic, perceptual, and pedagogical dimensions and support constructs proposed for the model.
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Woodman, Karen. "A study of linguistic, perceptual and pedagogical change in a short-term intensive language program." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq36654.pdf.
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Trindade, Israel Elias. "Contribuições da Missa para a sobrevivência do Latim no Português." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4554.
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Studying the contributions of the Mass to the Latin survival into the Portuguese Language, it was investigated the use of words and Latin expressions in the ritual of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Mass, which resisted the changing process when it was translated from Latin into Portuguese, in order to check whether the religion would be a social element capable of assuring the Latin survival into the Portuguese Language. In this regard, I initially aimed at identifying such Latin expressions in the ritual of Mass; describing the context of their use and point out the main factors which contribute their maintenance. It is understood that maintaining archaic words is an attitude, even unconsciously, of being opposed to the processes of linguistic changes. They are, therefore, conservation marks and when investigating them it is possible to find information about the processes of linguistic changes, in particular, and about the linguistic itinerary, in a broad way. This research was accomplished through written and speaking data. In the first case, it was analyzed one of the materials that subside the Mass ritual, the Missal, in three Latin editions (1744, 1915 and 1944) and one Portuguese (1992), based on a philological study. Afterwards, using the historical comparative method, some excerpts of the Mass in Latin and in Portuguese were compared, trying to identify Latin marks that resisted this changing process. In the end, factors that contribute to the process of conservation of archaic forms were analyzed and, through a field research it was attempted to identify how these Latin marks manifest in the everyday life of a community that practises such ritual. The thesis defended in this paper is that the Latin - although it is not a living language, since it does not have native speakers - it cannot be conceived as a dead language as well, for many words and expressions, including morphological Latin characteristics, are used in Portuguese, in several, as written as spoken, due to the Mass influence. These data give to the Latin the title of survivor into the Portuguese Language, and the Mass, by maintaining Latin excerpts in its ritual, become one of the agencies that guarantee such survival, mainly for being a millenar ritual wide spread, root of Christian religion and a strong element in the Brazilian culture, which enabled a voluntary adhesion of the participants in the ritual of incorporating these words in their lexical repertoire. In a dialogue between philological and field research, it was discovered that the classical forms of ecclesiastic Latin are widely productive in its interjections, in the noun class, adjectives, and in its following phrases. In general, this study reveals that the Catholic Mass, besides guaranteeing survival to the Latin into the Portuguese Language, is part of the popular imaginary, guides uses and disuse of words and expressions, controls habits and social behavior. It is, thus, an element of the linguistic historical and cultural patrimony, mainly of rural community of Catholic origin. The theoretical framework of this research is mainly Historical Linguistic assumptions, in dialogism between History and Theology.
Com o estudo das contribuições da Missa para a sobrevivência do Latim no Português, investigou-se o uso de palavras e expressões latinas utilizadas no ritual da Missa Católica Apostólica Romana, que resistiram aos processos de mudanças da passagem desse ritual do Latim ao Português, a fim de checar se a religião seria um elemento social capaz de garantir a sobrevivência do Latim no Português. Para isso, procurou-se, inicialmente, identificar essas expressões latinas no ritual da Missa, descrever o contexto de suas realizações e apontar os principais fatores que contribuem para sua conservação. Entende-se que a conservação de formas arcaicas numa língua é uma atitude, mesmo que inconsciente, de oposição aos processos de mudanças linguísticas. São, portanto, marcas de conservação e, ao investigá-las, encontram-se informações acerca dos processos de mudança linguística, em particular, e do itinerário linguístico, de forma ampla. A pesquisa foi realizada com dados escritos e de fala. No primeiro caso, analisou-se um dos materiais que subsidiam o ritual da Missa, o Missal, em três edições latinas (1744, 1915 e 1944) e uma portuguesa (1992), por meio de estudo filológico. Em seguida, utilizando o método histórico-comparativo, tendo sido comparados trechos da Missa em Latim e em Português, buscando identificar que marcas latinas sobreviveram a esta passagem. Por fim, foram analisados os fatores que contribuem para o processo de conservação de formas arcaicas e, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, buscou-se identificar como essas marcas latinas se manifestam no cotidiano popular de uma comunidade praticante do ritual. A tese defendida neste trabalho é de que o Latim, embora não seja mais uma língua viva, pois não há falantes nativos, também não pode ser concebido como uma língua morta, porque diversas palavras e expressões, incluindo características morfológicas latinas, são utilizadas no Português, em contextos diversificados, tanto na escrita como na fala, por influência da Missa. Esses dados dão ao Latim o caráter de língua sobrevivente no português, e a Missa, por conservar trechos latinos em seu ritual, torna-se uma das agências que garantem essa sobrevivência, principalmente por ser um ritual milenar, bastante difundido, essência da religiosidade cristã e um elemento forte da cultura popular brasileira, o que possibilitou a adesão voluntária dos participantes do ritual na incorporação dessas formas em seu repertório lexical. Em um diálogo entre pesquisa filológica e de campo, constatou-se que formas mais eruditas do Latim eclesiástico se fazem bastantes produtivas nas interjeições, na classe dos substantivos, dos adjetivos e em suas respectivas locuções. Em linhas gerais, a pesquisa revela que a Missa Católica, além de garantir sobrevivência ao Latim no Português, faz parte do imaginário popular, orienta usos e desusos de palavras e expressões, além de controlar hábitos e comportamentos sociais. É, portanto, um elemento do patrimônio linguístico, histórico e cultural popular, principalmente de comunidade rurais de origens católicas. A base teórica deste estudo são, principalmente, os pressupostos da Linguística Histórica, em um dialogismo com a História e a Teologia.
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Beukes, Johannes Daniel. "Language shift within two generations : Afrikaans mother tongue parents raising English mother tongue children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97150.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The community of Paarl, in the Western Cape, is traditionally Afrikaans-speaking. This research investigated whether a language shift has occurred in some middle-class communities in Paarl. Certain Coloured neighbourhoods were identified. The emphasis was also on whether Afrikaans-speaking parents chose to raise their children in English. It was found that a language shift, predominantly towards English, has indeed occurred where Afrikaans first language (L1) parents were raising their children in English. This finding differs from earlier studies by Anthonissen and George (2003) and by Fortuin (2009), in which only two or three families were studied, whereas this study engaged with 50 households. This study focused mainly on the parents and their views about their decisions. Not only was the occurrence of a language shift confirmed, but the complexity of the matter was also highlighted. An attempt to preserve Afrikaans as heritage language was also noted.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gemeenskap van Paarl, in die Wes-Kaap, is tradisioneel Afrikaanssprekend. Hierdie navorsing ondersoek of daar ’n taalverskuiwing in die middelklasgemeenskap in Paarl plaasgevind het. Die klem is ook laat val op die vraag of dit Afrikaanssprekende ouers is wat kies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die bevinding was dat ’n taalverskuiwing wel plaasgevind het waar ouers met Afrikaans as moedertaal verkies om hulle kinders in Engels groot te maak. Die verskuiwing is derhalwe hoofsaaklik na Engels. Hierdie bevindings verskil van vroeëre studies deur Anthonissen en George (2003), asook Fortuin (2009), wat twee of drie spesifieke families ondersoek het; daarteenoor het hierdie studie 50 huisgesinne betrek. Die studie fokus hoofsaaklik op die ouers en hulle siening oor die rede vir hulle besluit. Die studie het nie net bevestig dat ’n taalverskuiwing plaasgevind het nie, die kompleksiteit van die kwessie is ook uitgelig. Daar is ook waargeneem dat ’n poging aangewend word om Afrikaans as moedertaal te behou.
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Kleparski, Grzegorz. "Semantic change in English a study of evaluative developments in the domain of humans /." Lublin : Red. Wydawnictw Kul, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23144668.html.
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Kalmbach, Hilary. "From turban to tarboush : Dār al-ʹUlūm and social, linguistic, and religious change in interwar Egypt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560468.
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This dissertation uses the Dar al-iulum teacher-training school and its graduates as a prism through which to view sociocultural change in Egypt, 1900-1950. Founded in 1872 as part of Khedive Isma'Il's efforts to expand the Egyptian government's civil- school system, the school trained top students from religious schools such as al-Azhar to be schoolteachers with strong Arabic skills. It became a faculty of Cairo University in 1946. The dissertation as a whole presents a new vision of how modernisation and colonialisation affected colonised societies. It demonstrates that a major engine driving sociocultural change in interwar Egypt was the agency exercised by individuals who crossed boundaries and consciously mixed elements oflocal tradition and European-inspired modernity. Dar al-Uliim is best seen as a hybrid institution that not only bridged but also mixed elements of civil and religious education. Throughout its seventy-four years as a higher school, its curriculum combined the Arabic and Islamic disciplines that formed the core of religious tradition with basic instruction in the non-religious subjects - such as mathematics, science, geography, and history - taught in the European-influenced civil-school system. The school represents a new type of religious education, as it taught religious subjects using the ocularcentric, concept-driven pedagogies of civil schools. It was an early contributor to the functionalisation of Islam, or the use of religious knowledge further specific sociocultural, religious, or political goals. Dar al-Ulurn presented opportunities and challenges to its graduates. The mixed range of cultural capital it provided enabled graduates to cross and straddle sociocultural boundaries, such as the one drawn between the efendiyah and the culamcF, which presented top students in religious schools with a chance at becoming an efendz professional. The school and its graduates have often been incorrectly described as overly conservative, in part due to their in-between status. While the graduates generally maintained a strong connection with Egypt's Arabic and Islamic traditions, their commitment to adapting these traditions to meet the needs of a rapidly modernising Egypt was equally strong. Graduates combining the authenticity gained from local Arabic and Islamic knowledge with the cachet of European-influenced practices to modernise Arabic or Islam include Hasan Tawfiq al-cAdl, Bifni Nasif, cAli al-Iarirn, Tantawi Iawhari, Muhammad Madi Abu al-Aza'im, Taki aI-Din al-Nabhani, as well as Hasan al-Banna and Sayyid Outb of the Muslim Brotherhood.
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Khtani, Ali Saad. "The impact of social change on linguistic behaviour : phonological variation in spoken Arabic, Asir, Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316285.
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Tyson, Rodney Eldred. "Korean color naming and Korean-English language contact: A study in linguistic variation and semantic change." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186990.
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This study investigates the effects of language contact, particularly contact with English, on the Korean language. One chapter reviews the historical and sociocultural background of the three major influences on modern Korean--Chinese, Japanese, and English. Another chapter discusses the patterns of English lexical borrowing and semantic changes that occur during the borrowing process, both in the English words and related Korean words in the same semantic fields. A third chapter describes some other uses of English in Korea, including advertising, product naming, and current slang. Finally, a substantial part of the dissertation is devoted to a study of the influence of contact with English on the Korean semantic field of color. Data were elicited from forty-four consultants in two age groups (18-24 and 47-85) using Munsell color samples as stimulus materials in a three-part interview procedure based on the work of MacLaury (1986, 1992) that asked consultants to: (1) name 330 different loose color chips to determine their individual vocabulary of color terms; (2) choose a focus for each term from an array of the same color chips; and (3) map the range of each term on the array. It was found that consultants varied greatly in the number of color categories they used, with age, sex, level of education, and attitude toward the topic as possible influences. A number of English color terms were used by consultants of both sexes and in both age groups, and it is suggested that two of these, orange and pink, have possibly become the most basic terms for naming their categories for some of the consultants. It is also suggested that these two terms, as well as contact with English in general, are partly responsible for certain semantic changes in related Korean words. Another specific finding was that Korean seems to have color categories in addition to Berlin and Kay's (1969) eleven basic categories, including LIGHT BLUE, DARK BLUE, and YELLOW-GREEN, which is similar to the situation that Stanlaw (1987) found in Japanese.
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Milligan, Lindsay. "The role of Gaelic (learners) education in reversing language shift for Gaelic in Scotland." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158424.
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Extensive literature has argued the important role that education plays in the process of language shift. Within this literature, it is widely acknowledged that education in which the target language is also the medium of instruction can make a positive contribution toward Reversing Language Shift. For users of minoritised languages in particular, having access to education in one’s own language has important status and educational consequences: helping to support the prestige of the target language and also reducing the kinds of educational inequalities that are often associated with minoritised languages. In keeping with the prime importance of language-as-medium education to language planning goals, there is a growing body of research which focuses upon Gaelic Medium Education in Scotland. The role that second or additional language education can play in Reversing Language Shift is acknowledged to a much lesser extent. This is especially true within the context of Scotland, where the relevant education provision within state secondary schools, Gaelic (Learners) Education, has only received passing recognition. This thesis aimed to address this gap in knowledge about the way in which education contributes to development goals for Gaelic in Scotland by questioning what, if any, role the Gaelic (Learners) Education programme has to play in the reversal of language shift. The first aim of the dissertation was to identify a theoretical foundation for the role that second or additional language education can play in Reversing Language Shift. Several prominent theoretical approaches were reviewed and a hypothesis posed that Gaelic (Learners) Education was beneficial to both Acquisition and Status development. Subsequent analyses of policies at the macro, meso, and micro levels confirmed the relevance of this hypothesis. However, it was also found that there was a lack of overt policy acknowledgement for Gaelic (Learners) Education in Scotland overall, suggesting that the stream was not regarded as being particularly relevant to Reversing Language Shift. The next aim of the thesis was to clarify the ways in which the stream could be used to help contribute to the reversal of language shift. This focused on identifying areas in which this educational programme could be improved. Using data elicited in semi-structured interviews with education professionals and gathered through surveys of pupils within GLE classes, several blockages for Gaelic (Learners) Education could be identified including aspects of capacity, opportunity and attitudes.
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Lou, Jia. "Situating linguistic landscape in time and space a multidimensional study of the discursive construction of Washington, DC Chinatown /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/453505837/viewonline.
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Müller, Daniela. "Developments of the lateral in occitan dialects and their romance and cross-linguistic context." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674530.
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This thesis analyses sound changes that affected the lateral approximant inherited from Latin in Occitan dialects, in the Romance languages, and in a number of other languages from around the world. Chapter 1 gives a comprehensive overview of the research carried out on the lateral approximant; it discusses articulation and acoustics as well as abstract representations of the sound. Chapters 2 to 5 are devoted to specific sound changes which occurred in Occitan dialects at different points in time. These developments are systematically compared to similar phenomena in Romance and other languages. In chapter 2, I discuss the vocalisation of the dark lateral in preconsonantal and word-final position as well as intervocalically. It is argued there that Occitan and more generally Romance followed an unexpected pathway towards vocalisation, which cannot be explained by phonetic factors alone. Chapter 3 deals with palatalisation of the lateral in onsetclusters. Rather than in articulatory assimilation, I propose that the origin of this sound change is to be sought in the frication which accompanied the obstruent + lateral onset clusters. Rhoticisation of the lateral, and its opposite, lambdacisation of the rhotic, is the topic of chapter 4. In this chapter, I discuss duration factors in these sound changes and present experimental evidence to substantiate the idea that duration plays an important role. Finally, chapter 5 looks at thedevelopments of the Latin geminate lateral in Gascon and other Romance dialects; according to common opinion, the Latin geminate lateral underwent a retroflexion process, and I discuss how this might have been possible from a phonetic point of view.
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Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho De Valhery. "Reconstrução fonológica e lexical do Proto-Jê meridional." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269216.
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Orientador: Wilmar da Rocha D'AngelisDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta dissertação busca reconstruir a fonologia e o léxico do Proto-Jê meridional (PJM). O Jê meridional é um dos três ramos da família jê e é composto por cinco línguas: Xokleng, Kaingang, Kaingang paulista, Ingain e Kimdá. Enquanto o foco principal dos trabalhos comparativos publicados sobre o PJM foi a fonologia, este estudo se concentra também na reconstrução de uma grande porção do seu léxico. Esta pesquisa adotou todos os trabalhos anteriores como base. Compõe-se de sete capítulos: §1 descreve alguns aspectos da origem dos povos jê meridionais e de suas línguas, baseando-se em dados históricos e arqueológicos. §2-§3 tratam essencialmente de tópicos teóricos relacionados com lingüística histórico-comparativa, modelos dinâmicos de mudança lingüística e análise fonológica numa perspectiva estruturalista. §4. descreve o sistema fonológico de cada membro do PJM; traz (i) um esboço dos segmentos fonéticos, (ii) a descrição dos fonemas vocálicos e consonantais com base nos critérios de variação livre, distribuição complementar e oposição, discriminando suas realizações nos seus diversos ambientes e (iii) a estrutura silábica e suas restrições fonotáticas. Em §5. reconstruo o sistema fonológico do PJM, detalhando as inovações ocorridas em cada língua e uma série de mudanças fonológicas inexplicáveis. Em §6. o léxico do PJM é apresentado com detalhamento morfológico. No último capítulo exponho algumas considerações léxico-estatísticas e glotocronológicas e proponho algumas questões para pesquisas futuras
Abstract: This dissertation attempts to reconstruct Proto-Southern Jê (PSJ) phonology and its lexicon. The Southern Jê is one of the three branches of the Jê family and comprises five languages: Xokleng, Kaingang, São Paulo Kaingang, Ingain and Kimdá. While other comparative works have focused mainly on PSJ phonology, this study concentrates too on the reconstruction of a wide range of its lexicon. This research acknowledged all the previous works as a start point. It has seven main chapters: §1 describes some aspects of the origin of the southern Jê peoples and languages, based on archaeological and some historical records; §2-§3 deal essentially with theoretical topics on historical linguistics, dynamic models of language change and phonological analysis in a structuralist perspective. §4. describes the phonological system of each of the members of PSJ (excepting Kimdá), encompassing: (i) a sketch of the phonetic segments; (ii) a description of the vocalic and consonantal phonemes based on criteria of free variation, complementary distribution and opposition, and (iii) their syllable structure and accentual pattern, as well as their phonemic distribution. In §5. I reconstruct the phonological system of PSJ, detailing the innovations regarded to each language as well as a series of unexplained sound changes. In §6. a lexicon of the PSJ is presented with morphological details. The last chapter features some considerations about the time depth of PSJ and fetches some questions for future research
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística
41
Souza, Edson Rosa Francisco de. "Gramaticalização dos itens linguisticos assim, ja e ai no portugues brasileiro : um estudo sob a perpectiva da gramatica discursivo-funcional." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269076.
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Orientador: Ingedore Grunfeld Villaça KochTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a multifuncionalidade dos itens lingüísticos assim, já e aí no Português brasileiro, sob a perspectiva teórica da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (HENGEVELD & MACKENZIE, 2008) e da Gramaticalização (HOPPER & TRAUGOTT, 1993; TRAUGOTT, 1995; etc), levando em consideração suas funções dêiticas, textuais, interacionais. Nesse contexto, a gramaticalização é entendida aqui como um processo de mudança lingüística que leva um item lexical (ou gramatical) a assumir funções mais gramaticais, em direção ao componente pragmático da língua (TRAUGOTT, 1982; TRAUGOTT, 1995, 1999; TRAUGOTT & KÖNIG, 1991). Em outras palavras, trata-se de um processo de mudança que envolve, segundo os autores, tanto o aumento gradual da pragmatização do significado (inferência) quanto o aumento de abstratização do item lingüístico (estratégias metafóricas), que parte do uso mais concreto para o uso mais abstrato/expressivo. Assim, com base nos postulados teóricos da Gramaticalização e da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional, meu propósito é mostrar que os itens assim, já e aí podem ser analisados conforme os níveis (Representacional e Interpessoal) e as camadas (semânticas e pragmáticas) de organização da GDF, de modo que a expansão funcional desses elementos nos níveis e nas camadas da GDF pode ser elencada como uma evidência lingüística de que esses elementos estão se gramaticalizando na língua, assumindo outras funções gramaticais e discursivas ao longo do seu percurso de mudança lingüística, em direção às dimensões textual e interacional da língua. De posse das categorias semânticas e pragmáticas propostas pela GDF, mostro que os usos mais concretos de assim, já e aí, tais como os de advérbio de modo, advérbio de tempo e advérbio de lugar, respectivamente, estão situados na camada do evento, do Nível Representacional, e à medida que esses itens vão assumindo outras funções na língua, tais como funções textuais (advérbio anafórico, advérbio catafórico, introdutor de episódios, advérbio relacional e conjunção coordenativa e subordinativa) e funções discursivas (introdutor de Conteúdo comunicado, operador aproximativo de subatos referencial e adscritivo, marcador discursivo e organizador de tópico), esses elementos passam também a operar em outras camadas do Nível Representacional e do Nível Interpessoal, percorrendo uma trajetória unidirecional de mudança, que vai do Nível Representacional para o Nível Interpessoal. Essa trajetória de GR dos dados atuais de assim, já e aí é parcialmente confirmada pela análise diacrônica desses elementos adverbiais em documentos históricos dos séculos XIII-XX. Aanálise diacrônica, além de atestar o caráter gradual da mudança, consegue capturar vários estágios de GR dos itens assim, já e aí, em especial os usos textuais, que se mantêm até os dias atuais. A análise dos dados é composta por 2914 ocorrências extraídas dos 38 inquéritos do Banco de dados IBORUNA. Desse total, o item aí responde por 45% (1298/2914) dos dados e o item assim por 41% (1199/2914). O item já é o menos freqüente nos inquéritos analisados, somando apenas 417 ocorrências (14% dos dados). Em linhas gerais, a análise dos dados mostra que, em termos de GR, o item lingüístico assim é o elemento mais gramaticalizado nos dados catalogados do Português, que, além de operar nas camadas semânticas do Nível Representacional, opera também na camada mais elevada do Nível Interpessoal, que é a do movimento, definida como a mais gramatical/expressiva. Em seguida, tem-se o item aí, que exerce funções interacionais somente até a camada do ato discursivo, que é escopada pela camada do movimento. Nesse sentido, comparado aos demais itens em análise, o item já mostrou ser o menos gramaticalizado, pelo fato de seus usos se concentrarem mais nas camadas semânticas do Nível Representacional, com apenas alguns usos interpessoais. Essa configuração funcional é ratificada pelos critérios de GR de Hopper (1991), que mostram que os itens lingüísticos assim, já e aí estão ainda em processo de mudança, fato que é confirmado pelos parâmetros de GR de Lehmann (1995), que apontam que esses itens ainda gozam de uma certa autonomia no Português brasileiro, justamente por atuarem também como advérbios de modo, tempo e lugar.
Abstract: This study aims at analyzing the multifunctionality of the items assim 'thus', já 'already' and aí 'there' in Brazilian Portuguese, according to the theoretical approaches of Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD & MACKENZIE, 2008) and Grammaticalization (HOPPER & TRAUGOTT, 1993; TRAUGOTT, 1995; etc.), taking into account their deictic, textual and interactional functions. Grammaticalization is considered here as a process of linguistic change in which a lexical (or grammatical) item fulfills more grammatical functions, in the direction of the pragmatic component of the language (TRAUGOTT, 1982; TRAUGOTT, 1995, 1999; TRAUGOTT & KÖNIG, 1991). In other words, it is a process of change which includes, according to the authors, both the gradual increase of meaning pragmatization (inference) and the increase of the linguistic item abstratization (metaphorical strategies), which develops from the more concrete use to the more abstract/expressive use. Thus, based on the theoretical postulates of Grammaticalization and the ones of Functional Discourse Grammar, I aim at showing that the linguistic items assim, já and aí can be analyzed according to the levels (Representational and Interpersonal) and the layers (semantic and pragmatic) of organization of FDG, in such a way that the functional expansion of these elements in the levels and layers of FDG can be considered as a linguistic evidence that these elements are grammaticalizing in the language, fulfilling other grammatical and discursive functions through their path of change, in direction to the textual and interactional dimensions of the language. Considering the FDG semantic and pragmatic categories, I show that the more concrete uses of assim, já and aí, such as the ones of manner, time and place adverbs, respectively, are placed in the event layer, in the Representational Level, and as soon as these items fulfill other functions in the language, such as textual functions (anaphoric and cataphoric adverbs, episode introducer, relational adverb and coordinative and subordinative conjunctions) and discursive functions (Communicated content introducer, approximative operator of Referential and Ascriptive subacts, discourse marker and topic organizer), these elements start to operate in other layers in the Representational Level and in the Interpersonal Level, going through an unidirectional path of change, which goes from the Representational Level to the Interpersonal Level. This GR path of the current data of assim, já and aí is partially confirmed by the diachronic analysis of these adverbial elements in historical documents of the XII-XX centuries. The diachronic analysis, besides attesting the gradual feature of the change, shows several GR stages of the items assim, já and aí, specially the textual uses, which are maintained up until now. The analysis of the data is composed by 2914 occurrences from 38 interviews from IBORUNA database. From this total number, the item aí corresponds to 45% (1298/2914) and the item assim comprises 41% (1199/2914). The item já is the least frequent in the analyzed interviews, with only 417 occurrences (14% of the data). Generally speaking, the data analysis shows that, in terms of GR, the linguistic item assim is the most grammaticalized element in the collected data of Brazilian Portuguese, it, besides functioning in the semantic layers at the Representational Level, also functions in the higher layer of the Interpersonal Level, which is the one of the movement, defined as the most grammatical/expressive one. The linguistic item aí has interactional functions only until the layer of the discourse act, which is under the scope of the movement layer. Thus, compared to the other items under analysis, the item já is the least grammaticalized one, since its uses are more concentrated in the semantic layers of the Representational Level, with only some interpersonal uses. This functional configuration is confirmed by the GR criteria proposed by Hopper (1991), which shows that the linguistic items assim, já and aí are still in the process of change. This is confirmed by the GR parameters proposed by Lehmann (1995), which show that these items have still some autonomy in Brazilian Portuguese, since they also function as adverbs of manner, time and place.
Doutorado
Doutor em Linguística
42
Willis, David W. E. "The loss of verb-second in Welsh : study of syntactic change." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670253.
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Bianchi, Michelle. "Effects of clear speech and linguistic experience on acoustic characteristics of vowel production." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002084.
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Barber, Jessica. "Swaying the masses: The effect of argument strength and linguistic abstractness on attitudes." VCU Scholars Compass, 2009. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1828.
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Two studies were conducted to investigate how the use of different types of language affects attitudes. Participants scrutinized arguments supporting a hypothetical toothpaste that differed in terms of argument strength (strong versus weak) and linguistic abstractness (abstract versus concrete) and subsequently evaluated the toothpaste. In addition, half of the participants in the second study were subjected to a cognitive load manipulation (i.e., rehearsing a ten-digit number) in order to limit their level of cognitive elaboration. Results indicated that strong arguments and those containing concrete descriptions led to more positive attitudes about the toothpaste, whereas weak messages comprised of abstract terms gave rise to the least favorable evaluations. These findings represent the first demonstration of the effect of language type on attitudes and suggest that future research into the functions of differential linguistic abstractness in a persuasive context will broaden our understanding of attitude change.
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Shortis, T. F. J. "Orthographic practices in SMS text messaging as a case signifying diachronic change in linguistic and semiotic resources." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1485733/.
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From 1998, SMS text messaging diffused in the UK from an innovation associated with a small minority, mainly adolescents, to a method of written communication practised routinely by people of all ages and social profiles. From its earliest use, and continuing to the time of writing in 2015, SMS texting has attracted strong evaluation in public sphere commentary, often focused on its spelling. This thesis presents analysis of SMS orthographic choice as practised by a sample of adolescents and young adults in England, with data collected between 2000 and 2012. A threelevel analytical framework attends to the textual evidence of SMS orthographic practices in situated use; respondents’ accounts of their choices of spelling in text messaging as a literacy practice; and the metadiscursive evaluation of text messaging spelling in situated interaction and in the public sphere. I present analysis of a variety of representations of SMS orthographic choice, including facsimile texts, electronic corpus data, questionnaire survey responses and transcripts of recorded interviews. This mixed methods empirical approach enables a cross-verified, longitudinal perspective on respondents’ practices, and on the wider significance of SMS orthographic choice, as expressed in private and public commentary. I argue that the spelling used in SMS exemplifies features, patterns, and behaviours, which are found in other forms of digitally-mediated interaction, and in previous and concurrent vernacular literacy practices. I present SMS text messaging as one of the intertextually-related forms of self-published written interaction which mark a diachronic shift towards re-regulated forms of orthographic convention, so disrupting attitudes to standard English spelling. I consider some implications represented by SMS spelling choice for the future of written conventions in standardised English, and for teaching and learning about spelling and literacy in formal educational settings.
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Antonelli, André Luís 1980. "Sintaxe da posição do verbo e mudança gramatical na história do português Europeu." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270500.
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Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland GalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é investigar a relação entre a sintaxe da posição do verbo e as propriedades de fronteamento de sintagmas na história do Português Europeu, olhando especificamente para o período de tempo que se estende do século 16 ao 19. Para a realização dessa pesquisa, o quadro teórico adotado será a versão minimalista da Teoria de Princípios e Parâmetros (cf. Chomsky 1995 e trabalhos subsequentes), usando como base para as idéias de estrutura oracional as propostas do projeto cartográfico, especificamente as que se referem à periferia à esquerda da sentença (cf., em particular, Rizzi 1997). Como também se trata de um estudo diacrônico que discutirá questões de mudança linguística, utilizaremos como arcabouço teórico para esse fim os trabalhos de Kroch (1989, 1994, 2000) e Lightfoot (1991, 1999, 2006). Apresentaremos evidências de que, até o fim do século 17, o Português manifestava um comportamento semelhante ao de línguas V2 no que diz respeito à propriedade de movimento do verbo, porémbastante diferenciado com relação às possibilidades de fronteamento de XP's. Argumentaremos que a natureza V2 bastante particular desse período é resultante do modo como a sintaxe da posição do verbo se relaciona com requerimentos da periferia da sentença, em particular no que diz respeito à maneira como o EPP associado aos traços phi do núcleo Fin são checados. Para os séculos 18 e 19, mostraremos que o Português já instancia a sintaxe da língua moderna, sem apresentar as propriedades de uma língua V2. Esse resultado vai ao encontro de diversos trabalhos, os quais, investigando outros aspectos sintáticos da diacronia do Português Europeu, mostram que a passagem do século 17 para o 18 marca o início do sistema gramatical contemporâneo
Abstract: The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the relation between the syntax of verb position and the properties of XP fronting in the history of European Portuguese, looking specifically at the period of time which goes from the 16th up to the 19th century. The framework adopted is the minimalist version of the Principles and Parameters Theory (see Chomsky 1995 and subsequent works), using the ideas of the cartographic project as a basis for the proposals of clause structure, in special those concerning to the left periphery of the sentence (see, in particular, Rizzi 1997). Since this dissertation also deals with aspects of linguistic change, we will follow theoretical assumptions presented in Kroch (1989, 1994, 2000) and Lightfoot (1991, 1999, 2006). We will present evidences that, until the end of the 17th century, Portuguese manifested a behavior similar to that of Verb Second (V2) languages concerning the property of verb movement, but with striking differences in relation to the possibilities of XP fronting. In our analysis, this derives from the way the syntax of verb position relates to the requirements of the periphery of the sentence, in particular those concerning the checking of the EPP associated to the phi features of the Fin head. As for the 18th and the 19th centuries, we will show that Portuguese already instantiated the syntax of the modern language, without presenting the properties of a V2 language. This result is in line with different works, which, investigating other syntactic aspects of the diachrony of European Portuguese, show that, from the 18th on, there is the beginning of the contemporary grammatical system
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
47
SILVA, Daniel Marra da. "Origem e desenvolvimento das idéias lingüísticas de William Labov." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/2433.
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Previous issue date: 2009-07-17This Dissertation aims at tracing the linguistic historiographic trying to show the relevance of his studies of the nature of language and the internal and social factors which motivate its change and their importance for the development of and its genesis context, it was attempted to know his social history along with the socioeconomic, historical and political contexts. Labov first majored in English and Philosophy and, after that, in Chemistry, area in which he worked for a decade until his return to University in 1961, when he started his studies in Linguistics. During this decade, the United States society was going through its deepest social revolution which was motivated by a movement that was committed with the attitudes of the left-wing politics, minority rights, black consciousness, drugs, war experience and protests. Among these deep changes of behavior and general tendencies, Labov developed his most important researches which would, later, lead the claims for a new way of approaching Linguistics. This author must be seen as a very original figure with a passion for science. His originality is to be found in his capacity to develop an approach of empirical objectivist character, which methods are similar to those of the exact sciences. His capacity of analyzing and understanding the world around him allowed the author to judge as incoherent the behavior of the linguists of his time who seemed to ignore the facts of the real world. His every day life experience and non-conformist and progressive behavior allowed him to propose a new approach for the study of language which would become a great area of study. These characteristics, allied to the feelings of change that dominated the debates in the 1960s, turned him into an influential figure in the science of language. Labov is worldwide known for having created the major part of the components of the sociolinguistic methodology and for having introduced quantitative techniques to the study of linguistic change and variation, making Linguistic a more social and scientific field of study. His every day experiences showed him that to be right or wrong about certain theory would directly affect the lives of the people involved. Labov brought to, that is, the knowledge of the linguistic system was not the only important factor, but if that system was or was not ensuring the success of people or keeping them from the access to the goods of social life. His texts are characterized by long reviews of the linguistic literature, in which one can notice some criticism but also the reaffirmation and recognition of the expertise of other theorists, and are, besides this, frequent attempts to correct paradoxes in the history of Linguistics and overcome restrictions to the study of the every day language. Of the observation of these different of his social history and that, in it, it is refracted the essence of the general thought of a time
A presente Dissertação tem como objetivo traçar o percurso historiográfico lingüístico das idéias de William Labov, buscando mostrar a relevância de seus estudos sobre a natureza da língua e dos fatores internos e externos que motivam a mudança lingüística, e assinalar importância de suas pesquisas para o desenvolvimento da Sociolingüística. Diante do desafio de entender as relações do pensamento desse autor com seu contexto de gênese, buscou-se conhecer sua história social, atentando, ao mesmo tempo, para o quadro socioeconômico, histórico e político desse contexto. Labov se formou em inglês e filosofia e, posteriormente, em química, área em que atuou por uma década até seu retorno à Universidade em 1961, quando iniciou seus estudos em Lingüística. Nessa década, os Estados Unidos experimentavam sua mais profunda revolução social motivada por um movimento comprometido com as atitudes da nova esquerda, direitos da minoria, consciência negra, drogas, experiência psicodélica e protestos. Em meio a essas profundas mudanças de comportamento e tendências gerais, Labov desenvolveu suas mais importantes pesquisas que, posteriormente, liderariam as reivindicações por um novo modo de se fazer Lingüística. Esse autor deve ser visto como uma figura enormemente original e apaixonada por ciência. Sua originalidade deve ser encontrada em sua ousadia em desenvolver uma abordagem de caráter empírico-objetivista, cujos métodos se aproximam daqueles das ciências exatas. Sua capacidade analítica e de compreender o mundo ao seu redor fizeram com que ele julgasse como incoerente o comportamento dos lingüistas da época, que pareciam ignorar os fatos do mundo real. Da experiência com a vida cotidiana e de seu comportamento não-conformista e progressista surgiu sua proposta de estudo da língua que se desenvolveria para se tornar um prolífero campo de estudo. Essas características, aliadas ao sentimento de mudança que dominou os debates nos anos 1960, o fizeram uma figura influenciadora na ciência da linguagem. Labov é mundialmente reconhecido como tendo criado a maior parte dos componentes da metodologia sociolingüística e introduzido técnicas quantitativas ao estudo da variação e da mudança lingüística, tornando a Lingüística um campo de estudo mais social e mais científico. Suas experiências cotidianas mostravam-lhe que estar certo ou errado sobre determinada teoria afetaria diretamente a vida das pessoas envolvidas. Labov trouxe para a Lingüística a preocupação com a vida social dos indivíduos. O conhecimento do sistema lingüístico não era o único fator importante, mas se aquele sistema estava ou não garantindo o sucesso das pessoas ou privando-as do acesso aos bens da vida social. Seus textos são marcados por longas revisões da literatura sobre a Lingüística, em que se podem perceber muitas críticas mas também a reafirmação e o reconhecimento da expertise de outros teóricos, e são freqüentes tentativas de corrigir paradoxos presentes na história da Lingüística e de vencer restrições ao estudo da língua falada no cotidiano. Da observação desses diferentes elementos, pode-se dizer que o pensamento lingüístico desse autor deve ser compreendido como um produto de sua história social e que nele está refratada a essência do pensamento geral de uma época.
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Floripi, Simone Azevedo. "Estudo da variação do determinante em sintagmas nominais possessivos na historia do Portugues." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269032.
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Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chambelland GalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta tese tem por objetivo descrever e analisar, dentro de uma perspectiva diacrônica, a variação do uso do determinante em estruturas com sintagmas nominais (DP) possessivos em 23 textos de autores portugueses nascidos desde o século 16 ao século 19. No período investigado, o emprego do artigo mostrava-se variável, passando, no decorrer dos séculos, para uma obrigatoriedade que se manifesta nos dias de hoje nesse contexto. Esta pesquisa, buscará determinar os contextos afetados pela mudança e delinear uma análise para os fenômenos envolvidos. Como arcabouço teórico utilizaremos uma abordagem minimalista (Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) e Schoorlemmer (1998)), tendo como pressupostos teóricos o Modelo de Princípios e Parâmetros. Sobre as características do Português Europeu moderno, período final da mudança investigada, utilizaremos as investigações de Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) e Brito (2001, 2007) sobre o sintagma possessivo. Os textos utilizados como base de investigação para esta pesquisa diacrônica foram selecionados do Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe que se encontram disponíveis na internet no site: www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus. Para o levantamento de dados serão utilizados os textos disponíveis do Corpus Tycho Brahe, pois, assim, poderemos tratar quantitativamente de objetos mais complexos, tanto do ponto de vista do fenômeno envolvido quanto do período considerado; e, com base nesse tratamento quantitativo, faremos uma análise qualitativa sustentável
Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to describe and investigate, within a diachronic perspective, the use of the determiner in possessive noun phrases in 23 Portuguese authors born between the 16th and the 19th century. During the period considered, the use of the article was variable, becoming obligatory at some point, as it can be observed nowadays in European Portuguese. This research will try to verify the contexts affected by the change and to propose an analysis for the observed facts. We adopt a minimalist approach based on Chomsky (1995), Kayne (1994) and Schoorlemmer (1998) within the Principles and Parameters Model. In order to explore the modern European Portuguese characteristics, corresponding to the last stage of the change investigated, we use the analyses by Castro (2001, 2006), Castro e Costa (2002), Miguel (2002, 2004) and Brito (2001, 2007). For our description and analysis, we use literary texts drawn from the Corpus Anotado do Português Histórico Tycho Brahe, which are freely available at www.ime.usp.br/~tycho/corpus
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
49
Daubney, Anna-Marie. "Language biographies and language repertoires : changes in language identity of indigenous African language speakers in a town in the Northern Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86596.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the language shift from isiXhosa to Afrikaans in a group of indigenous African language speakers in a rural Northern Cape community. It plots the process that took place over three generations and focuses on the language identity of some members of this community as portrayed by their language biographies and linguistic repertoires. This phenomenon was researched after preliminary enquiries into linguistic identities and bilingualism in the Hopetown area revealed that although most inhabitants use Afrikaans as L1 at home, at school and in public, a considerable number did not present the anticipated monolingual Afrikaans with minimal L2-English repertoires. People from indigenous ethnic groups like the Xhosa were also found to be speaking Afrikaans as home language rather than isiXhosa. The thesis gives a description and explanation of how a process of language shift from isiXhosa to Afrikaans took place. The findings suggest that a number of Xhosas started to migrate from the Eastern Cape to the Hopetown area in the Northern Cape during the 1960s when employment opportunities in the State‟s water and irrigation development scheme became available. The Afrikaans-speaking employers expected their workforce to speak Afrikaans and in the interest of economic survival, the disenfranchised workers learned to speak Afrikaans. In addition to the employment situation, the accommodation situation was unusual in that Hopetown‟s township was seen as a Coloured area. In the time when the Group Areas Act dictated that ethnic segregation had to be enforced, the influx of Xhosa and other ethnic groups was not expected. When it happened, it was either overlooked or remained unnoticed. The Xhosa workers, with their families, had to blend in with the Coloured population in order not to attract attention. The research follows the language shift based on information gained from questionnaires and by means of narrative analysis. Case studies of selected respondents reveal how the individuals gradually settled into a new language identity without complete loss of their traditional ties to language and cultural practices. A small story analysis sheds light on how selected members of the community experienced the shift and how they perceive their roles in the process. This thesis ultimately shows the contribution that language biographies can make to sociolinguistic research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die taalverskuiwing van isiXhosa na Afrikaans in ʼn inheemse groep Afrikataalsprekers in ʼn plattelandse Noord-Kaapse gemeenskap. Dit volg die proses wat oor drie generasies plaasgevind het en fokus op die taalidentiteit van enkele lede van dié gemeenskap soos uitgebeeld in hulle taalbiografieë en taal repertoires. Hierdie verskynsel is nagevors nadat voorlopige navrae in verband met talige identiteit en tweetaligheid in die Hopetown-omgewing daarop gedui het dat alhoewel die meeste inwoners Afrikaans tuis, by die skool en in die openbaar as eerstetaal gebruik, ʼn aansienlike getal nie die verwagte profiel van ʼn eentalige Afrikaanse gemeenskap met minimale tweedetaal-Engels vertoon het nie. Mense van inheemse etniese afkoms soos die Xhosa het ook laat blyk dat hulle Afrikaans eerder as isiXhosa as huistaal gebruik. Die tesis gee ʼn beskrywing en verduideliking van hoe ʼn proses van taalverskuiwing van isiXhosa na Afrikaans plaasgevind het. Volgens die bevindinge het ʼn groeiende getal Xhosas in die 1960s uit die Oos-Kaap na die Hopetown-omgewing in die Noord-Kaap begin migreer toe werksgeleenthede in die Staat se water- en besproeiingskema beskikbaar gekom het. Die Afrikaanssprekende werkgewers het van hulle werkers verwag om Afrikaans te praat. In die belang van ekonomiese oorlewing het die werkers wat daar geen burgerregte gehad het nie, Afrikaans geleer. Bykomend tot die werksituasie was die behuisingsituasie in die Hopetown nedersettings ongewoon daarin dat dit as Kleurlinggebied geklassifiseer is maar ook mense van ander etniese herkoms gehuisves het. In die tyd toe die Groepsgebiedewet bepaal het dat etniese segregasie toegepas moes word, is daar geen voorsiening gemaak vir die instroming van Xhosa en ander etniese groepe nie. Toe dit gebeur het, is dit óf oor die hoof gesien, óf dit het ongemerk gebeur. Die Xhosa werkers, met hulle gesinne, moes inskakel by die Kleurlinggemeenskap ten einde nie die aandag van die gesaghebbers of hulleself te vestig nie. Die navorsing volg die taalverskuiwing op basis van inligting uit vraelyste en met behulp van narratiewe analise. Gevallestudies van uitgesoekte respondente wys hoe die individue geleidelik ʼn nuwe taalidentiteit aangeneem het sonder totale verlies van hulle tradisionele bande met taal en kulturele gebruike. ʼn Klein storie analise werp lig op hoe geselekteerde lede van die gemeenskap die verskuiwing ervaar het en wat hulle siening is van hulle rolle in die proses. Hierdie tesis werp ten slotte lig op die bydrae wat taalbiografie tot sosiolinguistiese navorsing kan maak.
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Zunick, Peter V. "Directed Abstraction Promotes Self-Concept Change following a Success." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337104926.
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