Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Linearized theory of elasticity'
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1
Bridgeman, Leila. "Stability and a posteriori error analysis of discontinious Galerkin methods for linearized elasticity." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95054.
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We consider discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for the discretization of linearized elasticity problems in two space dimensions. Inf-sup stability results on the continuous and discrete level are provided. Furthermore, we derive lower and upper a posteriori error bounds that are robust with respect to nearly incompressible materials, and can easily be implemented within an automatic mesh refinement procedure. The theoretical results are illustrated with a series of numerical experiments.Nous considérons les méthodes de Galerkin pour la discrétisation des relations déformations-déplacements linéaires en deux dimensions d'espace. Des résultats du stabilité inf-sup sur les niveaux continus et discrets sont fournis. En plus, nous dérivons des limites inférieurs et supérieures pour l'erreur a posteriori qui peuvent être utilisées dans des procédures de maillage automatisées sans difficulté et qui demeurent robustes dans le cas des matériaux qui ne sont presque pas compressibles. Les résultats théoriques sont illustrés par des expériences numériques.
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Bosher, Simon Henry Bruce. "Non-linear elasticity theory." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407883.
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MeneÌndez-Conde, Lara Federico. "Scattering theory for isotropic elasticity." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249105.
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Khumalo, Melusi. "Dynamics of numerics of linearized collocation methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ47508.pdf.
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Al-Naseri, Haidar. "Quantum kinetic relativistic theory of linearized waves in magnetized plasmas." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150292.
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In this work we have studied linear wave propagation in magnetized plasmas using a fully relativistic kinetic equation of spin-1/2 particles in the long scale approximation. The linearized kinetic equation is very long and complicated, hence we worked with restricted geometries in order to simplify the calculations. The dispersion relation of the relativistic model was calculated and compared with a dispersion relation from a previous work at the semi-relativistic limit. Moreover, a new mode was discovered that survives in the zero temperature limit. The origin of the mode in the kinetic equation was discussed and derived from a non-relativistic kinetic equation from a previous work.
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Дядечко, Алла Миколаївна, Алла Николаевна Дядечко, Alla Mykolaivna Diadechko, and N. V. Bondar. "The application of the elasticity theory." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17882.
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Campini, Marco. "The fluid dynamical limits of the linearized Boltzmann equation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185664.
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The old question concerning the mathematical formulation of the fluid dynamic limits of kinetic theory is examined by studying the solution of the Cauchy problem for two differently scaled linearized Boltzmann equations on periodic domain as the mean free path of the particles becomes small. Under minimal assumptions on the initial data, by using an a priori estimate, it is possible, in a Hilbert space functional frame, to prove the weak convergence of solutions toward a function that has the form of an infinitesimal maxwellian in the velocity variable. The velocity moments of this function are then proved to satisfy either the linearized Euler or the Stokes system of equations (depending on the chosen scaling), by passing to the limit in the conservation relations derived from the Boltzmann equation. A theorem injecting continuously the intersection of certain weak spaces into a normed one is proved. Together with properties of the Euler semigroup, this allows to show strong convergence of the first three moments of the distribution function toward the macroscopic quantities density, bulk velocity and temperature, solutions of the linearized Euler system. The Stokes case is treated somewhat differently, through the introduction of a result, proved by using the adjoint formulation for linear kinetic equations, that extends the averaging theory of Golse-Lions-Perthame-Sentis. The desired convergence for the divergence-free component of the second moment toward the macroscopic velocity is then shown.
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Choi, Jongdae. "Axisymmetric problems of toroids in the theory of elasticity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17922.
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Sofer, Miguel Marcelo. "On equilibrium, stability and nonlocality in elasticity theory /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9420.
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Li, Jinyu. "An elasticity theory for relatively short DNA molecules." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447689.
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Austin, D. M. "On two problems in linear elasticity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378026.
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Libardi, de Carvalho Mateus. "An investigation into the elasticity of marginal utility." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8396/.
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Prioritizing public investments is arguably one of the most important and complex tasks Governments face. In this thesis, I contribute to such a task by examining the Elasticity of the Marginal Utility (EMU). This parameter is central to the determination of the Social Discount Rate, which is the discount rate used for Cost-Benefit Analysis in the public sector. I estimate the EMU using an unprecedentedly large dataset and test variants of the estimation technique which include National Insurance Contributions and Supernumerary Income. I also test the robustness of the estimates obtained. I further investigate the validity of the estimates by testing for the first time the key assumption underlying the estimation technique that the degree of progressivity of the income tax schedule represents society's inequality aversion. Next, I examine causality between tax progressivity and income inequality, which is a theme that emerges from testing the assumption mentioned. Finally, I estimate the EMU in different contexts, relating the estimated values and their context-sensitivity to psychological traits. Overall, the results suggest an EMU of 1.5 and that the estimation methodology implemented is acceptable. They also show bidirectional causality between progressivity and inequality, and that the EMU values vary significantly with psychological traits.
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Nyberg, Roland. "The Inclusion of Stratification in Wind Analysis; A New Linearized Code." Thesis, KTH, Strömningsmekanik och Teknisk Akustik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289627.
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Wind energy is rapidly growing around the world as non-renewable energy sources are being phased out. To maximize the energy production, it is crucial to construct new wind turbines at locations where the average wind speed is high. An accurate wind assessment of a new potential site is thus essential in the development of new wind farms. Linearized codes (codes based on simplified models) such as Orfeus and WAsP have seen frequent use in the wind industry as a tool for wind resource assessment since they offer reasonable accuracy at a relatively low computational cost. A major issue with the linearized codes on the market is their disregard of stratification, which will cause the codes to omit certain flow characteristics, such as internal gravity waves. Therefore, a new linearized code has been developed, where the modelling of stratification has been included. The developed code has been validated by comparing the simulation results to experimental data found in the literature, where an overall agreement could be found. In addition, test cases for stratified flows over sinusoidal terrain were simulated, showcasing the importance of including stratification as a parameter in the modelling. The developed code in this project may be used for more accurate wind assessment in the future.Vindenergi växer snabbt världen över då icke-förnybara energikällor håller på att fasas ut. FÖr att maximera energiproduktionen är det viktigt att konstruera vindturbiner där den genomsnittliga vindhastigheten är hög. En noggrann vindbedömning av nya potentiella lägen är därför vitalt i konstruktionen av nya vindparker. Linjäriserade koder (koder baserade på förenklade modeller) som Orefeus and Wasp används ofta i vindindustrin som ett verktyg för vindbedömning, då de erbjuder en hög noggrannhet till en låg beräkningskostad. Ett stort problem med de linjäriserade koderna på marknaden är exkluderingen av stratifikation, vilket får koderna att utelämna vissa flödesegenskaper, som till exempel interna gravitationsvågor. En ny linjäriserad kod har därför utvecklats där modelleringen av stratifikation har inkluderats. Den utvecklade koden har validerats genom att jämföra simuleringarna med experimentella data i litteraturen, där en god överenstämmelse kunda påvisas. Dessutom har testfall av stratifierade flöden över sinusformad terräng genomförts, vilket påvisade betydelsen av att inkludera stratifikation som en parameter i modelleringen. Den utvecklade koden i detta projekt kan användas för en mer representativ vindbedömning i framtiden.
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Li, Xing. "Applications of doubly quasi-periodic boundary value problems in elasticity theory." [S.l. : s.n.], 1999. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/1999/31/index.html.
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Attaway, Stephen Wayne. "A stress-based finite element method for computational elasto-plastic analysis, using an endochronic theory of plasticity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20792.
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McCabe, Terence W. (Terence William). "Minimization of a Nonlinear Elasticity Functional Using Steepest Descent." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331296/.
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Li, Bao Cheng. "A unified approach to boundary element method, numerical conformal mapping and improperly imposed BVP." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236337.
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Downes, Robert James. "Cosserat elasticity, spectral theory of first order systems, and the massless Dirac operator." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417503/.
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This thesis is concerned with the study of the massless Dirac operator in dimension three and is, in part, based upon [12, 22, 21, 26, 25]. An introduction is given in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2 we study a special version of Cosserat elasticity, with deformations induced by rotations only, and no displacements. We prove that for a particular choice of elastic moduli and in the stationary setting (harmonic dependence on time) our mathematical model reduces to the massless Dirac equation. Chapter 3 contains a description of the progress recently made in the spectral theory of first order systems, with a particular focus on dimension three presented in Chapter 4. We prove in Chapter 5 that the second asymptotic coefficient of the counting function of a first order system has the geometric meaning of the massless Dirac action. Finally, in Chapter 6 we examine the spectral asymmetry of the massless Dirac operator. We work on a 3-torus equipped, initially, with a Euclidean metric and consider the behaviour of the spectrum under a perturbation of the metric. We derive an explicit asymptotic formula for the eigenvalue closest to zero.
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Angoshtari, Arzhang. "Geometric discretization schemes and differential complexes for elasticity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49026.
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In this research, we study two different geometric approaches, namely, the discrete exterior calculus and differential complexes, for developing numerical schemes for linear and nonlinear elasticity. Using some ideas from discrete exterior calculus (DEC), we present a geometric discretization scheme for incompressible linearized
elasticity. After characterizing the configuration manifold of volume- preserving discrete deformations, we use Hamilton’s principle on this configuration manifold. The discrete Euler-Lagrange equations are obtained without using Lagrange multipliers.
The main difference between our approach and the mixed finite element formulations is that we simultaneously use three different discrete spaces for the displacement field. We test the efficiency and robustness of this geometric scheme using some numerical examples. In particular, we do not see any volume locking and/or checkerboarding of pressure in our numerical examples. This suggests that our choice of discrete solution
spaces is compatible. On the other hand, it has been observed that the linear elastostatics complex can be used to find very efficient numerical schemes. We use some geometric techniques to obtain differential complexes for nonlinear elastostatics.
In particular, by introducing stress functions for the Cauchy and the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensors, we show that 2D and 3D nonlinear elastostatics admit separate kinematic and kinetic complexes. We show that stress functions corresponding to the first Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor allow us to write a complex for 3D nonlinear
elastostatics that similar to the complex of 3D linear elastostatics contains both the kinematics an kinetics of motion. We study linear and nonlinear compatibility equations
for curved ambient spaces and motions of surfaces in R3. We also study the relationship between the linear elastostatics complex and the de Rham complex. The geometric approach presented in this research is crucial for understanding connections
between linear and nonlinear elastostatics and the Hodge Laplacian, which can enable one to convert numerical schemes of the Hodge Laplacian to those for linear and possibly nonlinear elastostatics.
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Duff, Richard A. "Determination of bulk mechanical properties of nano structures from molecular dynamic simulation." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FDuff.pdf.
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Duff, Richard A. "Determination of bulk mechanical properties of nanostructures from molecular dynamic simulation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/994.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedDetermining bulk mechanical properties from microscopic forces has become important in the light of utilizing nano-scale systems. The molecular dynamics model was used to determine the modulus of elasticity and shear modulus of pure metallic micro lattice structures. Preliminary results indicate that the modulii of elasticity is determined to within 15% accuracy for 5 different metals of 500-atom structures when compared to the experiment values of bulk materials. Furthermore the elastic modulus for copper structures was computed with different temperatures, different magnitudes of stresses and various kinds of dislocations. From the preliminary results, it is concluded that the model accurately determines the mechanical properties of the nano-scale systems.
Outstanding Thesis
Canadian Navy author.
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Gernandt, Jonas. "On the phase behaviour of hydrogels : A theory of macroion-induced core/shell equilibrium." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-188151.
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Colloidal macroions are known to interact very strongly with oppositely charged polyionic hydrogels. Sometimes this results in a non-uniform distribution of the macroions within the gel, a phenomenon that is not fully understood. This thesis is a summary of four papers on the development of a theory of the thermodynamics of macroions interacting with hydrogels, aimed at explaining the phenomenon of core/shell separation in spherical gels. It is the first theory of such interactions to use a rigorous approach to whole-gel mechanics, in which the elastic interplay between different parts of the gel is treated explicitly. The thesis shows that conventional theories of elasticity, earlier used on gels in pure solvent, can be generalised to apply also to gels in complex fluids, and that the general features of the phase behaviour are the same if mapped to corresponding system variables. It is found that the emergence of shells is due to attractions between macroions in the gel, mediated by polyions. Since the shell state is unfavourable from the perspective of the shell itself, being deformed from its preferred state, there will be a hysteresis between the uptake and the release of the macroion, like already known to occur with the uptake and release of pure solvent. Due to the elastic interplay, growth of the shell makes further growth progressively more favourable. Thus, unless there is a limited amount of macroions available the system will not reach equilibrium until complete phase transition has taken place. If the amount is limited the core/shell separation can be in equilibrium, so the volume of the solution that the gel is in contact with plays a very important part in determining the thermodynamic resting point of the system. The ability of a macroion/hydrogel to phase separate thus depends on the molecular properties whereas the ultimate fate of such a separation depends on the proportions in number between the ingoing components.
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Schwarz, Ulrich Sebastian. "Forces and elasticity in cell adhesion." Thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2004. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/110/.
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Das Verhalten adhärenter Zellen hängt stark von den chemischen, topographischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften ihrer Umgebung ab. Experimentelle Untersuchungen der letzten Jahre haben gezeigt, dass adhärente Zellen aktiv die elastischen Eigenschaften ihrer Umgebung erkunden, indem sie an dieser ziehen. Der resultierende Kraftaufbau hängt von den elastischen Eigenschaften der Umgebung ab und wird an den Adhäsionskontakten in entsprechende biochemische Signale umgewandelt, die zelluläre Programme wie Wachstum, Differenzierung, programmierten Zelltod und Zellbewegung mitbestimmen. Im Allgemeinen sind Kräfte wichtige Einflussgrößen in biologischen Systemen. Weitere Beispiele dafür sind Hör- und Tastsinn, Wundheilung sowie die rollende Adhäsion von weißen Blutkörperchen auf den Wänden der Blutgefäße. In der Habilitationsschrift von Ulrich Schwarz werden mehrere theoretische Projekte vorgestellt, die die Rolle von Kräften und Elastizität in der Zelladhäsion untersuchen.(1) Es wurde eine neue Methode entwickelt, um die Kräfte auszurechnen, die Zellen an den Kontaktpunkten auf mikro-strukturierte elastische Substrate ausüben. Das Hauptergebnis ist, dass Zell-Matrix-Kontakte als Mechanosensoren funktionieren, an denen interne Kräfte in Proteinaggregation umgewandelt werden.
(2) Eine Ein-Schritt-Master-Gleichung, die die stochastische Dynamik von Adhäsionsclustern als Funktion von Clustergröße, Rückbindungsrate und Kraft beschreibt, wurde sowohl analytisch als auch numerisch gelöst. Zudem wurde dieses Modell auf Zell-Matrix-Kontakte, dynamische Kraftspektroskopie sowie die rollende Adhäsion angewandt.
(3) Im Rahmen der linearen Elastizitätstheorie und mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Kraftdipole wurde ein Modell formuliert und gelöst, das die Positionierung und Orientierung von Zellen in weicher Umgebung vorhersagt. Diese Vorhersagen sind in guter Übereinstimmung mit zahlreichen experimentellen Beobachtungen für Fibroblasten auf elastischen Substraten und in Kollagen-Gelen.
The behaviour of an adhering cell is strongly influenced by the chemical, topographical and mechanical properties of the surface it attaches to. During recent years, it has been found experimentally that adhering cells actively sense the elastic properties of their environment by pulling on it through numerous sites of adhesion. The resulting build-up of force at sites of adhesion depends on the elastic properties of the environment and is converted into corresponding biochemical signals, which can trigger cellular programmes like growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and migration. In general, force is an important regulator of biological systems, for example in hearing and touch, in wound healing, and in rolling adhesion of leukocytes on vessel walls. In the habilitation thesis by Ulrich Schwarz, several theoretical projects are presented which address the role of forces and elasticity in cell adhesion.
(1) A new method has been developed for calculating cellular forces exerted at sites of focal adhesion on micro-patterned elastic substrates. The main result is that cell-matrix contacts function as mechanosensors, converting internal force into protein aggregation.
(2) A one-step master equation for the stochastic dynamics of adhesion clusters as a function of cluster size, rebinding rate and force has been solved both analytically and numerically. Moreover this model has been applied to the regulation of cell-matrix contacts, to dynamic force spectroscopy, and to rolling adhesion.
(3) Using linear elasticity theory and the concept of force dipoles, a model has been introduced and solved which predicts the positioning and orientation of mechanically active cells in soft material, in good agreement with experimental observations for fibroblasts on elastic substrates and in collagen gels.
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Schenck, David Robert. "Some Formation Problems for Linear Elastic Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28608.
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Some equations of linear elasticity are developed, including those
specific to certain actuator structures considered in formation
theory. The invariance of the strain-energy under the transformation
from rectangular to spherical coordinates is then established for use
in two specific formation problems. The first problem, involving an
elastic structure with a cylindrical equilibrium configuration, is
formulated in two dimensions using polar coordinates. It is shown
that $L^2$ controls suffice to obtain boundary displacements in
$H^{1/2}$. The second problem has a spherical equilibrium
configuration and utilizes the elastic equations in spherical
coordinates. Results similar to those obtained in the two dimensional
case are indicated for the three dimensional problem.Ph. D.
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Häring, Johannes Maria [Verfasser]. "Microscopically founded elasticity theory for defect-rich systems of anisotropic particles / Johannes Maria Häring." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1233967290/34.
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Lin, Yi Han. "A mathematical theory of elastic orthotropic plates in plane strain and axi-symmetric deformations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27436.
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We present an elastic orthotropic plate theory in plane strain and axisym-metric deformations by first developing their uniform asymptotic expansions of the exact solutions for the basic governing boundary value problems. Then, the establishment of the necessary conditions for decaying states, both explicitly and asymptotically, enables us to determine the outer solution without reference to the inner solution and clarify the precise
meaning of the well known St.Venant's principle under the circumstances considered here. The possible existence of corner stress singularities was examined by establishing and solving three transcendental governing equations. By developing a generalized Cauchy type singular integral equation for the plane strain deformation and an integral equation of the second kind for the axi-symmetric deformation and taking the corner stress singularities
into consideration, we obtained accurate numerical solutions for all canonical boundary value problems which are needed in the asymptotic necessary conditions for decaying
states. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical solutions of canonical boundary value problems and the efficiency of the plate theory were confirmed through the applications of solving two physical problems and comparing with the existing results.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
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Geng, Jun. "Self-Assembly, Elasticity, and Orientational Order in Soft Matter." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1334550704.
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Wu, Ying. "Effective medium theory for elastic metamaterials and wave propagation in strongly scattered random elastic media /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202008%20WU.
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Spencer, Paul. "Variational problems arising in classical mechanics and nonlinear elasticity." Thesis, University of Bath, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323570.
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Arman, Ala. "Automated Control of Elasticity for a Cloud-Based Key-Value Store." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-90336.
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“Pay-as-you-go” is one of the basic properties of Cloud computing. It means that people pay for the resources or services that they use. Moreover, the concept of load balancing has been a controversial issue in recent years. It is a method that is used to split a task to some smaller tasks and allocate them fairly to different resources resulting in a better performance. Considering these two concepts, the idea of “Elasticity” comes to attention. An Elastic system is one which adds or releases the resources based on the changes of the system variables. In this thesis, we extended a distributed storage called Voldemort by adding a controller to provide elasticity. Control theory was used to design this controller. In addition, we used Yahoo! Cloud Service Benchmark (YCSB) which is an open source framework that can be used to provide several load scenarios, as well as evaluating the controller. Automatic control is accomplished by adding or removing nodes in Voldemort by considering changes in the system such as the average service time in our case. We will show that when the service time increases due to increasing the load, as generated by YCSB tool, the controller senses this change and adds appropriate number of nodes to the storage. The number of nodes added is based on the controller parameters to decrease the service time and meet Service Level Objectives (SLO). Similarly, when the average service time decreases, the controller removes some nodes to reduce the cost of using the resources and meet “pay-as-you-go” property.
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I, Makhmudov O., and Niyozov I. E. "Regularization of the Cauchy Problem for the System of Elasticity Theory in R up (m)." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2998/.
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Lee, Jong-eao John. "The inverse spectral solution, modulation theory and linearized stability analysis of N-phase, quasi-periodic solutions of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148726601122429.
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Atici, Kazim Baris. "Using data envelopment analysis for the efficiency and elasticity evaluation of agricultural farms." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/54354/.
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Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a well-established relative efficiency measurement technique, which has been widely applied to evaluate the technical efficiency of agricultural units in different countries by focusing on different aspects of agricultural production. This research deals with the evaluation of efficiency through DEA in non-homogeneous agricultural production, where units produce a wide range of different outputs. The objectives are threefold. Firstly, we propose a novel methodological approach of integrating the production trade-offs concept of DEA into non-homogeneous agricultural efficiency evaluation to prevent the overstatement of the efficiency of specialist farms and overcome the issue of insufficient discrimination due to large number of outputs in the models. Secondly, we aim to integrate this methodological perspective to the theory of elasticity measurement on DEA frontiers. The efficient frontiers of DEA are not defined in functional forms as in the classical economic theory, therefore obtaining elasticity measures on them require different considerations. We introduce the production trade-offs to the elasticity measurement and derive the necessary models to calculate the elasticities of response in the presence of production trade-offs. As a third objective, before moving to the introduction of the trade-offs in elasticity measurement, for theoretical completeness, we first consider the elasticity measurement on DEA frontiers of constant returns-to-scale (CRS) technologies. Our proposed methodology and all the developed elasticity theory are illustrated in a real world case of Turkish agricultural sectors. We provide extensive empirical applications covering all the proposed theory and methodology. Among the results of this research, we provide an elasticity measurement framework, which enables us to calculate elasticities of response measures in both VRS and CRS technologies, with or without production tradeoffs included. We observe that the integration of production trade-offs provide better discrimination of efficiency scores compared to the models without trade-offs included. We also investigate how changing production trade-offs affect the efficiency and elasticity measures of the evaluated units.
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Taher, Cecilia. "Elasticity in three compositions with flute by Boris Blacher." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/320.
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This thesis proposes a new concept of form for Boris Blacher's Divertimento for Woodwinds, Duet for Flute and Piano, and Quintet for Flute, Oboe, Violin, Viola, and Violoncello. In 1950, Blacher began to use systematically varying metric units to provide logic to the apparently arbitrary rhythm of modern music. This practice led the few scholars who have studied his compositions to concentrate on the mathematical organization of metrical units, underestimating other musical elements. This dissertation is based on the idea that it is not the mere disposition of meters, but mostly the interaction between them and other musical elements that makes the peculiar durational scheme audible, thus perceptually relevant. Following this, the technique of expansion and contraction that becomes evident in the organization of the meters is also present in the disposition of durations at other hierarchical levels and in the pitch structure. Furthermore, the mathematical metrical scheme is the foundation for a deeper universe of systematic organization. Blacher's techniques provide a unique sense of movement to his compositions, the aural effect of an "elastically developing music." In Duet and Quintet, this idea is also applied in simultaneity to the registral disposition of pitches and textural development, suggesting vertical elasticity. As a result, Blacher's late compositions suggest a replacement of the traditional concepts of form and texture with a new idea of constantly moving, elastic shape.
The methodological approach of this thesis is exclusively analytical and technical, with emphasis on durational and pitch organization, form, texture, and the interaction among these aspects. The individual and comparative analysis of the three compositions reveals a consistent conception of the musical space that emphasizes its bi-dimensional quality. In the Divertimento, the unitary conception of the vertical and horizontal construction is mainly reflected in the bi-dimensional treatment of interval classes that provides coherence to the motivic structure. In Duet and Quintet, this mere idea of consistent organization of the musical materials in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the total space becomes a unique principle of formal definition, the elastic development of the musical content itself.
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Chen, Xiaohui. "Unsaturated hydro-chemo-mechanical modelling based on modified mixture theory." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/unsaturated-hydrochemomechanical-modelling-based-on-modified-mixture-theory(64ec76bb-1379-4e87-b9a7-562fa9267404).html.
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New unsaturated coupled models have been developed for fluid transport in deformable rock by using modified mixture theory rather than a fully mechanics-based approach. These models include the following: an unsaturated hydro-mechanical coupled model for both non-swelling and swelling materials, in which a new coupled formulation for hydration swelling rock has been included; and an unsaturated hydro-mechanical-chemo coupled model, incorporating a new coupled formulation including osmosis flow and an unsaturated version of Darcy's law which has been extended by including osmosis effects.Modified mixture theory is mainly based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Helmholtz free energy is used to give the energy relationship between the fluids and solid and, by using the Gibbs-Duhem equation, the interactions between different fluids such as gas, water and chemical can be obtained. In this research, general coupled formulations for both large small and deformations have been obtained. For swelling rocks, the water between the clay platelets can be modeled by including the difference between the free energy of whole domain and that of the pore water plus the solid skeleton. By assuming small deformations, the final equations can be compared with those derived using the mechanics approach.The new coupled models have been tested by carrying out simple benchmark numerical simulations using finite elements. Problems analyzed include: (1) the consolidation of saturated swelling rocks in which the hydration swelling effects on consolidation have been analysed in detail; (2) the desaturation and resaturation of seasonally affected rocks around tunnels; (3) the desaturation stage for swelling rocks used in the containment of nuclear waste disposal; (4) chemical transport in very low permeability rock used for nuclear waste disposal, in which particular attention has been focused on osmosis flow and chemical consolidation. In summary, this thesis extends modified mixture theory and develops new coupled formulations which can be applied to deep nuclear waste disposal, including tunnelling, drilling and chemical transport in low permeability host rock.
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Ullah, Amjad. "Towards a novel biologically-inspired cloud elasticity framework." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/26064.
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With the widespread use of the Internet, the popularity of web applications has significantly increased. Such applications are subject to unpredictable workload conditions that vary from time to time. For example, an e-commerce website may face higher workloads than normal during festivals or promotional schemes. Such applications are critical and performance related issues, or service disruption can result in financial losses. Cloud computing with its attractive feature of dynamic resource provisioning (elasticity) is a perfect match to host such applications. The rapid growth in the usage of cloud computing model, as well as the rise in complexity of the web applications poses new challenges regarding the effective monitoring and management of the underlying cloud computational resources. This thesis investigates the state-of-the-art elastic methods including the models and techniques for the dynamic management and provisioning of cloud resources from a service provider perspective. An elastic controller is responsible to determine the optimal number of cloud resources, required at a particular time to achieve the desired performance demands. Researchers and practitioners have proposed many elastic controllers using versatile techniques ranging from simple if-then-else based rules to sophisticated optimisation, control theory and machine learning based methods. However, despite an extensive range of existing elasticity research, the aim of implementing an efficient scaling technique that satisfies the actual demands is still a challenge to achieve. There exist many issues that have not received much attention from a holistic point of view. Some of these issues include: 1) the lack of adaptability and static scaling behaviour whilst considering completely fixed approaches; 2) the burden of additional computational overhead, the inability to cope with the sudden changes in the workload behaviour and the preference of adaptability over reliability at runtime whilst considering the fully dynamic approaches; and 3) the lack of considering uncertainty aspects while designing auto-scaling solutions. This thesis seeks solutions to address these issues altogether using an integrated approach. Moreover, this thesis aims at the provision of qualitative elasticity rules. This thesis proposes a novel biologically-inspired switched feedback control methodology to address the horizontal elasticity problem. The switched methodology utilises multiple controllers simultaneously, whereas the selection of a suitable controller is realised using an intelligent switching mechanism. Each controller itself depicts a different elasticity policy that can be designed using the principles of fixed gain feedback controller approach. The switching mechanism is implemented using a fuzzy system that determines a suitable controller/- policy at runtime based on the current behaviour of the system. Furthermore, to improve the possibility of bumpless transitions and to avoid the oscillatory behaviour, which is a problem commonly associated with switching based control methodologies, this thesis proposes an alternative soft switching approach. This soft switching approach incorporates a biologically-inspired Basal Ganglia based computational model of action selection. In addition, this thesis formulates the problem of designing the membership functions of the switching mechanism as a multi-objective optimisation problem. The key purpose behind this formulation is to obtain the near optimal (or to fine tune) parameter settings for the membership functions of the fuzzy control system in the absence of domain experts’ knowledge. This problem is addressed by using two different techniques including the commonly used Genetic Algorithm and an alternative less known economic approach called the Taguchi method. Lastly, we identify seven different kinds of real workload patterns, each of which reflects a different set of applications. Six real and one synthetic HTTP traces, one for each pattern, are further identified and utilised to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods against the state-of-the-art approaches.
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Hon, Kam-yuen Dennis. "Economic analysis on cigarette market in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31954649.
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Кушнір, Дмитро Васильович, Дмитрий Васильевич Кушнир, Dmytro Vasylovych Kushnir, Олександр Олександрович Чаплигін, Александр Александрович Чаплыгин, Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Chaplyhin, Леонід Аншелович Фильштинський, Леонид Аншелович Фильштинский, Leonid Anshelovych Fylshtynskyi, and М. Х. Немешев. "Применение методов фундаментальных решений в стационарных динамических задачах теории упругости для слоя." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23806.
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Пожиленков, О. В. "Антиплоска задача теорії пружності для чверті простору." Thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/46429.
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Ложечник, С. Л. "Кососимметричная задача теории упругости для слоя, ослабленного отверстием." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23741.
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Журавльова, З. Ю. "Урахування нерухомої особливості у плоскій задачі теорії пружності для півсмуги з поперечною тріщиною." Thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47981.
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Ковальов, Юрій Дмитрович, Юрий Дмитриевич Ковалев, and Yurii Dmytrovych Kovalov. "Обзор исследований в области пространственных задач теории упругости." Thesis, Изд-во СумГУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/23790.
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Ebenhoch, Raphael. "Simplified modeling of wind-farm flows." Thesis, KTH, Strömningsfysik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177309.
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Abstact: In order to address the wind-industry's need for a new generation of more advanced wake models, which accurately quantify the mean flow characteristics within a reasonably CPU-time, the two-dimensional analytical approach by Belcher et al. (2003) has been extended to a three-dimensional wake model. Hereby, the boundary-layer approximation of the Navier-Stokes equations has been linearized around an undisturbed baseflow, assuming that the wind turbines provoke a small perturbation of the velocity field. The conducted linearization of the well established actuator-disc theory brought valuable additional insights that could be used to understand the behavior (as well as the limitations) of a model based on linear methods. Hereby, one of the results was that an adjustment of the thrust coecient is necessary in order to get the same wake-velocity field within the used linear framework. In this thesis, two different datasets from experiments conducted in two different wind-tunnel facilities were used in order to validate the proposed model against wind-farm and single-turbine cases. The developed model is, in contrary to current engineering wake models, able to account for effects occurring in the upstream flow region. The measurement, as well as the simulations, show that the presence of a wind farm affects the approaching flow even far upstream of the first turbine row, which is not considered in current industrial guidelines. Despite the model assumptions, several velocity statistics above wind farms have been properly estimated, providing insight about the transfer of momentum inside the turbine rows. Overall, a promising preliminary version of a wake model is introduced, which can be extended arbitrarily depending on the regarded purpose.
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Joslyn-Battaglia, Kari. "The Relationship Between an Industry Average Beta Coefficient and Price Elasticity of Demand." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500999/.
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The price elasticity of demand coefficient for a good or service is a measure of the sensitivity, or responsiveness, of the quantity demanded of a product to changes in the price of that product. The price elasticity of demand coefficients were generated for goods and services in nine different industries for the years 1972 to 1984. A simple linear demand function was employed, using the changes in the Consumer Price Index as a proxy for changes in price and Personal Consumption Expenditures, taken from the National Income and Product Accounts, as a proxy for quantity. Beta measures the sensitivity, or responsiveness, of a stock to the market. An industry average beta coefficient was generated for each of the nine industries over the time period, using the beta coefficients published by Value Line for firms which met certain criteria. In order to test the relationship between the price elasticity of demand and an industry average beta coefficient, a simple regression was performed using the beta coefficient as the dependent variable and the price elasticity of demand coefficient as the independent variable. The results broke down into 3 basic categories: those industries for which there seemed to be no relationship, those industries where there was a fairly strong probability that a relationship exists and the price elasticity of demand explains at least part of the variation in beta coefficients, and those industries where there was a very high probability that a relationship does exist and the variation in the price elasticity of demand coefficients substantially explained the variation in the industry average beta coefficients. The first category includes the food at home, tobacco, and shoe industries. The second category includes the men's clothing, the women's clothing, and the alcoholic beverages industries, and the third includes the automobile, airline, and fast-food restaurant industries.
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Dona, Marco. "Static and dynamic analysis of multi-cracked beams with local and non-local elasticity." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/14893.
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The thesis presents a novel computational method for analysing the static and dynamic behaviour of a multi-damaged beam using local and non-local elasticity theories. Most of the lumped damage beam models proposed to date are based on slender beam theory in classical (local) elasticity and are limited by inaccuracies caused by the implicit assumption of the Euler-Bernoulli beam model and by the spring model itself, which simplifies the real beam behaviour around the crack. In addition, size effects and material heterogeneity cannot be taken into account using the classical elasticity theory due to the absence of any microstructural parameter. The proposed work is based on the inhomogeneous Euler-Bernoulli beam theory in which a Dirac's delta function is added to the bending flexibility at the position of each crack: that is, the severer the damage, the larger is the resulting impulsive term. The crack is assumed to be always open, resulting in a linear system (i.e. nonlinear phenomena associated with breathing cracks are not considered). In order to provide an accurate representation of the structure's behaviour, a new multi-cracked beam element including shear effects and rotatory inertia is developed using the flexibility approach for the concentrated damage. The resulting stiffness matrix and load vector terms are evaluated by the unit-displacement method, employing the closed-form solutions for the multi-cracked beam problem. The same deformed shapes are used to derive the consistent mass matrix, also including the rotatory inertia terms. The two-node multi-damaged beam model has been validated through comparison of the results of static and dynamic analyses for two numerical examples against those provided by a commercial finite element code. The proposed model is shown to improve the computational efficiency as well as the accuracy, thanks to the inclusion of both shear deformations and rotatory inertia. The inaccuracy of the spring model, where for example for a rotational spring a finite jump appears on the rotations' profile, has been tackled by the enrichment of the elastic constitutive law with higher order stress and strain gradients. In particular, a new phenomenological approach based upon a convenient form of non-local elasticity beam theory has been presented. This hybrid non-local beam model is able to take into account the distortion on the stress/strain field around the crack as well as to include the microstructure of the material, without introducing any additional crack related parameters. The Laplace's transform method applied to the differential equation of the problem allowed deriving the static closed-form solution for the multi-cracked Euler-Bernoulli beams with hybrid non-local elasticity. The dynamic analysis has been performed using a new computational meshless method, where the equation of motions are discretised by a Galerkin-type approximation, with convenient shape functions able to ensure the same grade of approximation as the beam element for the classical elasticity. The importance of the inclusion of microstructural parameters is addressed and their effects are quantified also in comparison with those obtained using the classical elasticity theory.
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Runsewe, Olubisi A. "A Novel Cloud Broker-based Resource Elasticity Management and Pricing for Big Data Streaming Applications." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39251.
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The pervasive availability of streaming data from various sources is driving todays’ enterprises to acquire low-latency big data streaming applications (BDSAs) for extracting useful information. In parallel, recent advances in technology have made it easier to collect, process and store these data streams in the cloud. For most enterprises, gaining insights from big data is immensely important for maintaining competitive advantage. However, majority of enterprises have difficulty managing the multitude of BDSAs and the complex issues cloud technologies present, giving rise to the incorporation of cloud service brokers (CSBs). Generally, the main objective of the CSB is to maintain the heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) of BDSAs while minimizing costs. To achieve this goal, the cloud, although with many desirable features, exhibits major challenges — resource prediction and resource allocation — for CSBs. First, most stream processing systems allocate a fixed amount of resources at runtime, which can lead to under- or over-provisioning as BDSA demands vary over time. Thus, obtaining optimal trade-off between QoS violation and cost requires accurate demand prediction methodology to prevent waste, degradation or shutdown of processing. Second, coordinating resource allocation and pricing decisions for self-interested BDSAs to achieve fairness and efficiency can be complex. This complexity is exacerbated with the recent introduction of containers.
This dissertation addresses the cloud resource elasticity management issues for CSBs as follows: First, we provide two contributions to the resource prediction challenge; we propose a novel layered multi-dimensional hidden Markov model (LMD-HMM) framework for managing time-bounded BDSAs and a layered multi-dimensional hidden semi-Markov model (LMD-HSMM) to address unbounded BDSAs. Second, we present a container resource allocation mechanism (CRAM) for optimal workload distribution to meet the real-time demands of competing containerized BDSAs. We formulate the problem as an n-player non-cooperative game among a set of heterogeneous containerized BDSAs. Finally, we incorporate a dynamic incentive-compatible pricing scheme that coordinates the decisions of self-interested BDSAs to maximize the CSB’s surplus. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches.
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Andrienko, Denis. "On the theory and simulation of confined liquid crystals." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390956.
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Cardoso, Larissa Barbosa. "Essays on economics of obesity and food prices : theory and evidences for Brazil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132933.
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O objetivo desta tese é analisar a influência do preço dos alimentos sobre o crescimento da obesidade no Brasil e avaliar os efeitos de uma política baseada no preço como instrumento de prevenção da obesidade. Essas questões foram analisadas em três ensaios que utilizam da estrutura econômica, baseada no princípio de racionalidade econômica, para compreender as escolhas individuais quanto à ingestão e gasto calóricos e a dinâmica do ganho de peso dos brasileiros. O ensaio 1 identifica as principais mudanças no índice de massa corporal (IMC) dos brasileiros e estima a contribuição dos preços dos alimentos a partir dos métodos de distribuição relativa e de decomposição contrafactual. Verificou-se que, concomitante ao aumento da obesidade, um deslocamento para a direita da distribuição do IMC revelando: a) uma maior densidade de indivíduos nas regiões de sobrepeso e obesidade; e b) um aumento do IMC mediano uma maior dispersão em torno deste. Os resultados indicaram que o aumento de preço observado entre 2002 e 2009 foi importante para conter o avanço da obesidade. Contudo, o efeito dessa variação (efeito nível) foi inferior àquele verificado para a mudança do impacto dos alimentos sobre o IMC (efeito estrutura). Os preços de alimentos como refrigerantes, carne e leite integral mostraram-se bastante significativos. Por outro lado, a renda e os anos de estudo contribuíram positivamente para o aumento do IMC no período analisado. Considerando os efeitos obtidos para o preço de refrigerantes sobre o IMC, bem como sua associação positiva do consumo desta bebida com obesidade, os ensaios 2 e 3 avaliaram os efeitos individuais e agregados, respectivamente, da adoção uma política de saúde baseada no aumento de impostos sobre bebidas açucaradas. No ensaio 2, adotou-se o modelo de duas partes para estimar as elasticidades preço demanda, as quais indicaram que o aumento do preço de bebidas açucaradas (refrigerantes e sucos) reduz o consumo, especialmente dos grupos que mais consomem destas bebidas. O resultado sobre o peso apresentou magnitude modesta, porém esta medida mostrou-se relevante na prevenção da obesidade, dado que maiores perdas de peso foram observadas na faixa próxima ao IMC correspondente à obesidade. Os efeitos em termos agregados foram simulados a partir do modelo de preços derivado da matriz de insumo produto, e os resultados mostram que uma política tributária sobre refrigerantes tende a gerar poucos efeitos adversos para a economia, com redução da produção do referido setor e daqueles diretamente inter-relacionados sendo compensada pelo aumento na produção de outros setores. O mesmo foi observado para o emprego, que apresentou variação positiva. No que se refere ao consumo, dado que em termos individuais o aumento tributário de 10% contribui para reduzir o consumo em 6,1%, a despesa de consumo agregado das famílias sofreria redução de 2,1%, com maior redução verificada na faixa de renda intermediária. Diante disso, conclui-se que a redução no preço dos alimentos mais calóricos observada nos últimos anos teve impacto sobre o peso dos brasileiros, e portanto, poderia ser levada em consideração na estruturação de políticas públicas para o combate à obesidade.The objective of this thesis is to analyze the influence of the price of food on the growth of obesity in Brazil and to assess the effects of a policy based on price as a prevention instrument against obesity. These issues were analyzed in three essays that make use of the economic structure, based on the principle of economic rationality, in order to understand individual choices about calorie intake and expenditure and the dynamics of weight gain of Brazilians. Essay 1 identifies the main changes in Body Mass Index (BMI) of Brazilians and estimates the contribution of food prices from the relative distribution method and of counterfactual decomposition. It was verified that, concomitant to the increase in obesity, there is a shift towards the right of the BMI distribution revealing: a) a greater density of individuals in the regions of overweight and obesity; and b) an increase of the medium BMI a major dispersion around this. The results indicated that the price increases observed between 2002 and 2009 were important to contain the advance of obesity. However, the effect of that variation (level effect) was lower than that observed for the change of the impact of food on BMI (structure effect). The prices of foods such as soft drinks, meat and whole milk showed to be quite significant. On the other hand, income and years of study contributed positively for the increase of the BMI in the analyzed period. Considering the effect obtained for the price of soft drinks on BMI, as well as the positive association of consumption of this type of beverage with obesity, essays 2 and 3 evaluated the individual and aggregate effects, respectively, of the adoption of a health policy based on the increase of taxes on sugary drinks. In essay 2, the two part model was adopted in order to estimate the price-demand elasticity, which indicated that the price increase of sugary drinks (soft drinks and juices) reduce the consumption, especially of the groups that most consume these beverages. The result on weight presented a modest magnitude; however this measure showed to be relevant in the prevention of obesity, since the greater weight losses were observed in the group nearest to the BMI corresponding to obesity. The effects in aggregate terms were simulated parting from the price model derived from the product input matrix, and the results show that a tax policy on soft drinks tends to generate few adverse effects for the economy, with a production reduction of that sector and those directly interrelated being offset by increased production in other sectors. The same was observed for employment, which presented a positive variation. Regarding consumption, since in individual terms the 10% tributary increase contributed to reduce consumption in 6,1%, the aggregate consumption expenditure of households would suffer a reduction of 2.1%, with greater reductions observed in the middle-income range. Therefore, it is concluded that the reduction in the price of high-calorie foods observed in recent years has had an impact on the weight of Brazilians, and therefore, could be taken into account in the structuring of public policies for the fight against obesity.
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Клименко, Володимир Андрійович, Владимир Андреевич Клименко, Volodymyr Andriiovych Klymenko, and Д. Р. Москаленко. "Напружений стан диска, послабленого тріщинами, в полі відцентрових сил." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/6128.
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Michalicek, Gregor [Verfasser], Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Blügel, Eugene [Akademischer Betreuer] Krasovskii, and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Weßel. "Extending the precision and efficiency of the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave density-functional theory method / Gregor Michalicek ; Stefan Blügel, Eugene Krasovskii, Stefan Weßel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2015. http://d-nb.info/112612396X/34.
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