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Academic literature on the topic 'Linear damage rule (LDR)'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Linear damage rule (LDR)"

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Jin, O., H. Lee, and S. Mall. "Investigation Into Cumulative Damage Rules to Predict Fretting Fatigue Life of Ti-6Al-4V Under Two-Level Block Loading Condition1." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1590998.

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The effects of variable amplitude loading on fretting fatigue behavior of titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V were examined. Fretting fatigue tests were carried out under constant stress amplitude and three different two-level block loading conditions: high-low (Hi-Lo), low-high (Lo-Hi), and repeated block of high and low stress amplitudes. The damage fractions and fretting fatigue lives were estimated by linear and non-linear cumulative damage rules. Damage curve analysis (DCA) and double linear damage rule (DLDR) were capable to account for the loading order effects in Hi-Lo and Lo-Hi loadings. In addition, the predictions by DCA and DLDR were better than that by linear damage rule (LDR). Besides its simplicity of implementation, LDR was also capable of estimating failure lives reasonably well. Repeated two-level block loading resulted in shorter lives and lower fretting fatigue limit compared to those under constant amplitude loading. The degree of reduction in fretting fatigue lives and fatigue strength depended on the ratio of cycles at lower stress amplitude to that at higher stress amplitude. Fracture surface of specimens subjected to Hi-Lo and repeated block loading showed the clear evidence of change in stress amplitude of applied load. Especially, the repeated two-level block loading resulted in characteristic markers which reflected change in crack growth rates corresponding to different stress amplitudes.
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Santecchia, E., A. M. S. Hamouda, F. Musharavati, E. Zalnezhad, M. Cabibbo, M. El Mehtedi, and S. Spigarelli. "A Review on Fatigue Life Prediction Methods for Metals." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9573524.

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Metallic materials are extensively used in engineering structures and fatigue failure is one of the most common failure modes of metal structures. Fatigue phenomena occur when a material is subjected to fluctuating stresses and strains, which lead to failure due to damage accumulation. Different methods, including the Palmgren-Miner linear damage rule- (LDR-) based, multiaxial and variable amplitude loading, stochastic-based, energy-based, and continuum damage mechanics methods, forecast fatigue life. This paper reviews fatigue life prediction techniques for metallic materials. An ideal fatigue life prediction model should include the main features of those already established methods, and its implementation in simulation systems could help engineers and scientists in different applications. In conclusion, LDR-based, multiaxial and variable amplitude loading, stochastic-based, continuum damage mechanics, and energy-based methods are easy, realistic, microstructure dependent, well timed, and damage connected, respectively, for the ideal prediction model.
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Song, Zi Yuan. "Influence of Load Interaction between Creep and TMF on the Life of Single Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy." Materials Science Forum 1027 (April 2021): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1027.99.

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Experimental investigation on the influence of load interaction on the life of Single Crystal Nickel-based Superalloy is conducted. Three kinds of load spectrums considering single and coupled failure mode are designed. Life tests are carried out under creep, thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF), and creep-TMF interaction loading. The test results show that test lives, under the creep-TMF interaction loading, are lower than the life predictions given by the linear damage accumulation (LDA) rule, indicating that the load coupling can accelerate the damage evolution process. The microstructure of fractured specimens shows that under the creep-TMF interaction loading, rafting cause more dislocations to accumulate in the at γ/γ′ phase boundary, which could be the evidence of life decrease.
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Jin, Dan, Jian Hua Wu, and Xu Chen. "Fatigue Damage and Life Prediction under Sequential Biaxial Loading." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.255.

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Fatigue tests are conducted on 304 stainless steel and 45C steel under fully reversed strain control conditions with two different loading modes. 45C steel exhibits cyclic softening under each phase loading. While for 304 stainless steel, much additional hardening is observed in out-of-phase loading. The damage values for failure of 45C steel is similar to the previous research, however, 304 stainless steel is not. Fatigue life is predicted based on the linear damage rule, the double linear damage rule, and the plastic work model of Morrow. The damage value is different in the same loading mode for the two materials according to linear damage rule.
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Lambert, R. G. "Plastic Work Interaction Damage Rule Applied to Narrow-Band Gaussian Random Stress Situations." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 110, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3265573.

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Fatigue life estimates that use a structural material’s constant amplitude stress life data values and a linear cumulative damage rule are always nonconservative for stress histories containing numerous subcycles and only a few large-amplitude cycles. Conservative fatigue life estimates were previously achieved by others with a plastic work interaction damage rule using the material’s overstrain fatigue life parameter values. Verification fatigue tests were run on laboratory specimens of 1020 steel using four selected variable amplitude stress wave form profiles. This paper extends the application of the plastic work interaction damage rule to narrowband Gaussian random stress situations. The derived stress life mathematical expression is of a power law form. The predicted fatigue life is more accurate than that predicted using a conventional linear damage rule.
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Blacha, Łukasz. "Non-Linear Probabilistic Modification of Miner’s Rule for Damage Accumulation." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 7335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237335.

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A non-linear modification to Miner’s rule for damage accumulation is proposed to reduce the scatter between experimental fatigue life and fatigue life predicted according to the original Miner’s sum. Based on P-s-n probability distribution and design s-n curves, the modification satisfies the assumption of equality between the mean damage degree (at the critical level) and fatigue life random variables, which is not covered in the original formulation. The adopted formulation shows the discrepancies between the fatigue lives predicted according to the design s-n curves and the estimated probability distribution. It also proves that it is inappropriate to apply a normal distribution to fatigue life analysis and that the model becomes non-linear only for non-normal distributions. The predictions according to the established model were compared to the predictions obtained with Miner’s rule.
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Altus, Eli. "Fatigue, Fractals, and a Modified Miner’s Rule." Journal of Applied Mechanics 58, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897176.

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A Mechano Chemical Fatigue Model (MCFM) was recently developed. Two basic features of the model are studied here: (a) the fractal (self-similarity under magnification) property of the damage function, which is predicted by the model and (b) how it leads to a “Modified Miner’s Rule” (MMR), where the fatigue response is dependent on the loading order. Based on the simplest (basic) case of the model, the damage function is dependent on a single parameter when a Weibull strength distribution for the microscale elements (chains) is used. the MCFM proposes a rational explanation to a linear fatigue failure envelope for a two level (High-Low, Low-High) stress loading while the damage law is nonlinear. This is in contrast to the regular Miner Rule, where the damage progression is assumed linear. Applying multilevel cyclic loading the model shows a “fading memory“ response for a monotonically increasing stress. While for a decreasing stress steps there is an intermediate delay stage for which a constant damage rate is found. The microscopic basis of the MCFM enables a clear and direct physical interpretation of the macro behavior as related to the microscale damage mechanisms.
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Zhu, Hong Bing, Bo Xia, and Yao Zhao. "RC Beam Bridge’s Fatigue Cumulative Damage Rule Research." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 829–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.829.

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Fatigue damage is the RC beam bridge is facing a big problem, for the RC beam bridge fatigue tests and fatigue cumulative damage theory research is very meaningful. Summarizes the research achievements of the RC beam bridge fatigue test, from constant amplitude fatigue, luffing fatigue and stochastic fatigue, etc, are discussed in this paper. Analyses the existing linear, nonlinear and probability fatigue cumulative damage theory and its applicable conditions, advantages and disadvantages. RC fatigue tests were discussed and the problems that exist in the fatigue cumulative damage theory research.
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Fallah-Mehdipour, E., O. Bozorg Haddad, and M. A. Mariño. "Developing reservoir operational decision rule by genetic programming." Journal of Hydroinformatics 15, no. 1 (July 30, 2012): 103–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2012.140.

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The reservoir operational decision rule is an equation that can balance reservoir system parameters in each period by considering previous experiences of the system. That equation includes variables such as inflow, volume storage and released water from the reservoir that are commonly related to each other by some constant coefficients in predefined linear and nonlinear patterns. Although optimization tools have been extensively applied to develop an optimal operational decision rule, only optimal constant coefficients have been derived and the operational patterns are assumed to be fixed in that operational rule curve. Genetic programming (GP) is an evolutionary algorithm (EA), based on genetic algorithm (GA), which is capable of calculating an operational rule curve by considering optimal operational undefined patterns. In this paper, GP is used to extract optimal operational decision rules in two case studies by meeting downstream water demands and hydropower energy generation. The extracted rules are compared with common linear and nonlinear decision rules, LDR and NLDR, determined by a software package for interactive general optimization (LINGO) and GA. The GP rule improves the objective functions in the training and testing data sets by 2.48 and 8.53%, respectively, compared to the best rule by LINGO and GA in supplying downstream demand. Similarly, the hydropower energy generation improves by 48.03 and 44.21% in the training and testing data sets, respectively. Results show that the obtained objective function value is enhanced significantly for both the training and testing data using GP. They also indicate that the proposed rule, based on GP, is effective in determining optimal rule curves for reservoirs.
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Dias, João Paulo, Stephen Ekwaro-Osire, Americo Cunha, Shweta Dabetwar, Abraham Nispel, Fisseha M. Alemayehu, and Haileyesus B. Endeshaw. "Parametric probabilistic approach for cumulative fatigue damage using double linear damage rule considering limited data." International Journal of Fatigue 127 (October 2019): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2019.06.011.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Linear damage rule (LDR)"

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Jakel, Roland. "Lineare und nichtlineare Analyse hochdynamischer Einschlagvorgänge mit Creo Simulate und Abaqus/Explicit." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-171812.

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Der Vortrag beschreibt wie sich mittels der unterschiedlichen Berechnungsverfahren zur Lösung dynamischer Strukturpobleme der Einschlag eines idealisierten Bruchstücks in eine Schutzwand berechnen lässt. Dies wird mittels zweier kommerzieller FEM-Programme beschrieben: a.) Creo Simulate nutzt zur Lösung die Methode der modalen Superposition, d.h., es können nur lineare dynamische Systeme mit rein modaler Dämpfung berechnet werden. Kontakt zwischen zwei Bauteilen lässt sich damit nicht erfassen. Die unbekannte Kraft-Zeit-Funktion des Einschlagvorganges muss also geeignet abgeschätzt und als äußere Last auf die Schutzwand aufgebracht werden. Je dynamischer der Einschlagvorgang, desto eher wird der Gültigkeitsbereich des zugrunde liegenden linearen Modells verlassen. b.) Abaqus/Explicit nutzt ein direktes Zeitintegrationsverfahren zur schrittweisen Lösung der zugrunde liegenden Differentialgleichung, die keine tangentiale Steifigkeitsmatrix benötigt. Damit können sowohl Materialnichtlinearitäten als auch Kontakt geeignet erfasst und damit die Kraft-Zeit-Funktion des Einschlages ermittelt werden. Auch bei extrem hochdynamischen Vorgängen liefert diese Methode ein gutes Ergebnis. Es müssen dafür jedoch weit mehr Werkstoffdaten bekannt sein, um das nichtlineare elasto-plastische Materialverhalten mit Schädigungseffekten korrekt zu beschreiben. Die Schwierigkeiten der Werkstoffdatenbestimmung werden in den Grundlagen erläutert
The presentation describes how to analyze the impact of an idealized fragment into a stell protective panel with different dynamic analysis methods. Two different commercial Finite Element codes are used for this: a.) Creo Simulate: This code uses the method of modal superposition for analyzing the dynamic response of linear dynamic systems. Therefore, only modal damping and no contact can be used. The unknown force-vs.-time curve of the impact event cannot be computed, but must be assumed and applied as external force to the steel protective panel. As more dynamic the impact, as sooner the range of validity of the underlying linear model is left. b.) Abaqus/Explicit: This code uses a direct integration method for an incremental (step by step) solution of the underlying differential equation, which does not need a tangential stiffness matrix. In this way, matieral nonlinearities as well as contact can be obtained as one result of the FEM analysis. Even for extremely high-dynamic impacts, good results can be obtained. But, the nonlinear elasto-plastic material behavior with damage initiation and damage evolution must be characterized with a lot of effort. The principal difficulties of the material characterization are described
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(12868682), Gary D. Kreiser. "Fatigue life of metals with particular reference to nonlinear damage accumulation under variable amplitude loading." Thesis, 2004. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Fatigue_life_of_metals_with_particular_reference_to_nonlinear_damage_accumulation_under_variable_amplitude_loading/20063894.

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Fatigue in engineering components and structures subjected to cyclic loading is characterised by the process of accumulation of damage over a period of time. This phenomenon of damage accumulation could potentially lead to catastrophic failures. Unfortunately the occurrence of such failures is difficult to predict due to a limited understanding of the fatigue process particularly under variable amplitude loading (VAL). Fatigue life of metals is usually determined from linear damage rule (LDR) that offers sufficient level of conservatism and accuracy, particularly for high cycle fatigue (HCF) loading blocks typified by magnitudes of stresses well within elastic limit and period exceeding millions of cycles. However, for low cycle fatigue (LCF) associated with a relatively small number of high amplitude load cycles causing bulk plastic strain, the damage process is affected by the amplitude and sequence of plastic strain. Past attempts to apply the LDR to predict fatigue life for LCF have been largely unsuccessful. Irrespective of the various modifications proposed, the LDR has failed to capture the nonlinear accumulation of damage observed for certain load sequences within VAL spectra, where at least a portion of the loads cause plastic strain. Amongst the variety of LCF life prediction models proposed in the literature, those based on the energy approach of continuum damage mechanics (CDM) provide significant scope to further the development as they conform to the principles of thermodynamics and hysteretic energy dissipation. This thesis presents an energy based nonlinear damage accumulation (NLDA) model that utilises the CDM concept and a cumulative damage parameter to account for nonlinear damage accumulation under VAL. The fatigue life predictions of the NLDA model for metals subjected to constant, high amplitude, strain controlled loading, compare well with the experimental data reported in the literature. The nonlinear capability of the NLDA model has been demonstrated using a well established two-step block -loading test.

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Rambabu, Dabiru Venkata. "Experimental And Theoretical Studies In Fatigue Damage Modeling." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/956.

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This thesis has two parts. In the first part, we use the results of new fatigue experiments conducted with variable load levels as well as variable stress ratios to critically assess three (two old and one relatively new) cumulative fatigue damage models. These models are deterministic. Such models are usually tested using multiple blocks of periodic loading with differing amplitudes. However, available data pertains to zero-mean loading, and does not investigate the role of variable stress ratio (Smin/Smax). Here, we present experimental results for variable stress ratios. Two specimen geometries and two materials (Al 2014and Al 2024)are tested. Manson’s double linear damage rule (DLDR)gives the highest accuracy in predicting the experimental outcome, even in the presence of variable stress ratios, whereas predictions of the newer model (“A constructive empirical theory for metal fatigue under block cyclic loading,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 464 (2008), 1161-1179) are slightly inferior. The widely used Miner’s rule is least accurate in terms of prediction. The merits and drawbacks of these models, in light of the experimental results, are as follows. The DLDR, though accurate, has minor scientific inconsistencies and no clear generalization. The constructive model has possible generalizability and more appealing scientific consistency, but presently has poorer accuracy. Miner’s rule, least accurate, lies within the constructive approach for special parameter values. The DLDR can guide the new (constructive)approach through new parameter fitting criteria. In the second part of this thesis, we consider the scatter in fatigue life and use the Weibull distribution to describe ‘S-N-P’ curves. We first assume homoscedasticity (load-independent or constant variance) and present a way to draw a p-percentile line on a log-log load-life plot. Then heteroscedasticity (load-dependent variance) in fatigue life is incorporated and a simple statistical model is proposed, to obtain a straight line percentile plot at a pre-specified probability of survival ps. The proposed method is illustrated for Al 2014-T6 and Al 2024-T4 data sets (extracted manually) from MMPDS-01 (a data handbook).
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Book chapters on the topic "Linear damage rule (LDR)"

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"LDR – Linear Damage Rule." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 1981. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_100790.

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"Cumulative Fatigue Damage." In Fatigue and Durability of Structural Materials, 123–56. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870123.

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Abstract This chapter addresses the cumulative effects of fatigue and how to determine its impact on component lifetime and performance. It begins by defining a loading history and its corresponding hysteresis loops that exposes the deficiencies of some of the theories discussed. It then proceeds to demonstrate the methods commonly used to analyze cumulative fatigue damage and its effect on component life starting with the classical linear damage rule. After pointing out the inherent limitations of the model, it presents a method that incorporates two linear damage rules, one applying prior to crack initiation and the other after the crack has started. Although the method accounts somewhat better for loading-order effects, the transition in behavior that the rules presume to model occurs prior to any signs of cracking. Two modified versions of the double linear damage rule method, neither of which are related to a physical crack initiation event, are subsequently presented along with several applications showing how the different methods compare. The examples provided include two-level and multilevel tests, a gas-turbine engine compressor disk, and the cumulative damage associated with the irreversible hardening of type 304 stainless steel.
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Conference papers on the topic "Linear damage rule (LDR)"

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Keprate, Arvind, and R. M. Chandima Ratnayake. "Fatigue and Fracture Degradation Inspection of Offshore Structures and Mechanical Items: The State of the Art." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41533.

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A significant number of offshore structures and mechanical items installed in production systems on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) are either approaching or have exceeded their intended design life. However, with the help of the advancement of technology and analysis approaches, most of the offshore production facilities are being considered for life extension. This requires regular inspection, fitness for service (FFS) assessment, remnant life assessment, maintenance and repair (or modification). In this context, fatigue and fracture related degradation play a vital role. Hence, this paper discusses the state of the art as well as two major methodologies used for fatigue life prediction of structures and mechanical items. The first (S-N approach) is based on experimentally derived S-N curves and linear damage rule (LDR). Since LDR does not take sequence effect of loading into account the S-N approach often leads to overestimation / underestimation of fatigue life. Hence, this paper also takes into simultaneous consideration the second approach, which relies on the principles of fracture mechanics (FM) and crack growth analysis. Furthermore, the paper discusses damage tolerance analysis (DTA) and the role of Risk Based Inspection (RBI) to detect cracks before they grow to a critical level and cause catastrophic failure of the component. Thereafter, the paper discusses the reliability of Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods quantified in terms of Probability of Detection (PoD), to identify the flaw size and location. Finally, probabilistic crack growth (PCG) models used for remaining useful life estimation (RULE) and for planning inspection regimes of structural and mechanical items are discussed briefly.
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Hu, Dianyin, and Rongqiao Wang. "Probabilistic Analysis on Turbine Disk Under LCF-Creep." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50722.

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This paper establishes a structural model of the turbine disk of a certain aero-engine subjected to loads due to centrifugal force and duration at elevated temperature, and calculates the plastic and creep deformation with finite element (FE) analysis software. During creep analysis, the Norton constitutive equation was taken into account. After the temperature field distribution of the turbine disk had been obtained, structural static analysis results showed that the maximum equivalent stress and strain appeared at the area near to the disk center, which was taken as the critical point. The Manson-Coffin formula was used to predict low cycle fatigue (LCF) life based on the calculations derived from cyclic plastic-creep analysis, and creep life was obtained by applying the Larson-Miller equation. Lognormal distributions of LCF life and creep life were used as pointed out in the literature, which mainly considered the uncertainties in material parameters. Taking the lives and loads as random variables including LCF life, creep life, fatigue load and hold time, a probabilistic analysis on the turbine disk was performed under LCF-Creep, in which a failure function was proposed based on linear cumulative damage rule (LCDR). The probabilistic method of response surface (RS) was applied to fit the regression model of the LCF-Creep life with a quadratic approximation function including cross-terms. The Monte Carlo Simulation sampling technique was employed to carry out probabilistic analysis on the turbine disk life, resulting in the conclusion that the life of turbine disk under LCF-Creep follows a lognormal distribution. Furthermore, the effect of different random variables on the disk life was investigated through sensitivity analysis in order to increase the component’s life and improve its reliability. However, studies on the distributions of loads and damage theory of the component under LCF-Creep still need to be discussed in future study.
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Ma, Zhonghai, Shaoping Wang, and Chao Zhang. "Life evaluation based on double linear damage rule for hydraulic pump piston fatigue." In 2016 IEEE/CSAA International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems (AUS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aus.2016.7748167.

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Peng, Zhaochun, Hong-Zhong Huang, Huiying Gao, Zhiqiang Lv, and Shun-Peng Zhu. "A Modified Model for Non-Linear Fatigue Damage Accumulation With Load Interaction Effects." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46953.

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In the case of variable amplitude loading, fatigue damage accumulation theory is closely related to loading histories, such as load sequences, load interactions, and so on. Due to the lack of load histories, there may be a large deviation with the reality for linear damage rule (Miner rule). Although many non-linear fatigue damage accumulation models can deal with the effect of load sequences, load interaction effect cannot be ignored and it plays an important role in damage accumulation behavior. This paper describes the damage evolution behavior based on nonlinear damage rule under variable amplitude loading. A new method to describe the load interaction effects is proposed, it is assumed that the load ratio between adjacent stress levels is used to present this phenomenon. Thereafter, the method is introduced to a non-linear damage model, and a modified model is developed to predict the residual lifetime. Four categories of experimental data sets from literatures are employed to investigate the validity of the proposed model. The results indicate that the modified model shows a good agreement between experimental data and theoretical results. It is also found that the modified model demonstrates an improvement in prediction accuracy over the primary model and Miner rule. Furthermore, the modified model can be easily implemented with the use of Wöhler curve only.
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Fonseca de Oliveira Correia, José António, Abílio Jesus, Sergio Blasón, Miguel Calvente, and Alfonso Fernández-Canteli. "Probabilistic Non-Linear Cumulative Fatigue Damage of the P355NL1 Pressure Vessel Steel." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63920.

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Miner’s rule for fatigue damage accumulation does not address conveniently the sequential effects of the fatigue loading due to underloads or overloads though such effects need to be taken into account for specific applications using a convenient model. Non-conservative (unsafe) or over-conservative (non-economic) fatigue predictions may result from such a linear damage analysis. To overcome these limitations, non-linear damage approaches are being proposed in the literature, as for instance, the double linear damage rule (DLDR). Further, advanced probabilistic models, as an alternative to deterministic ones, are being currently applied to fatigue damage assessment under variable (random) amplitude loading, though without including, up to present, sequential effects on the damage accumulation. In this paper, the synergetic effect of applying a non-linear fatigue damage model based on the DLDR in conjunction with a probabilistic approach based on the p-S-N field is pursued allowing the above mentioned sequential effects to be incorporated into a probabilistic damage prediction. The proposed approach was tested with existing fatigue block loading data available for the P355NL1 pressure vessel steel.
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Pavlou, Dimitrios G. "Loading Sequence Effects on Fatigue Damage Accumulation of Offshore Structures: A Deterministic Approach." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61733.

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Offshore structures are subjected to irregular loading spectra due to their exposure to waves and wind. The environmental loads cause variable amplitude stress histories on critical spots of the structures. The existing engineering methodology (adopted by most of the national standards) to estimate the accumulated fatigue damage is based on Miner’s rule for crack initiation. Paris rule and its modifications are used for crack propagation prediction. However, Miner’s rule is a linear model and does not take into account the sequence effect of loading blocks with different stress amplitude. On the other hand, the widely used Paris rule does not take into account the load interaction effects (e.g. overload-induced crack growth retardations). The prediction of the crack growth rate and the crack growth direction of mixed mode cracks is an important issue as well. Aim of the present paper is the analysis of the weaknesses of the engineering tools for fatigue analysis, and the demonstration of the advantages of non-linear damage functions and crack propagation models. A review of models for fatigue crack initiation and growth (for mode I or mixed mode loading) developed by the author is presented. Representative results are discussed and commented.
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GUEDES, RUI MIRANDA. "EXPLORATION OF CUMULATIVE DAMAGE EVOLUTION UNDER VARIABLE AMPLITUDE FATIGUE LOADING BASED ON WÖHLER CURVE." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35786.

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How to predict the residual strength of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) after a fatigue cycle at multiple stress levels, based on the fatigue or Wöhler (S-N) curves, remains unsatisfactorily tackled. The Miner’s Rule is a widespread example of a simple way to account for damage accumulation under different fatigue cycles. Under certain combinations of stress levels, Miner’s Rule accurately predicts the lifetime of PMCs, but it fails in other cases. The reason is the simple assumption of linear cumulative damage, not accounting for sequence effects in the loading history. Several researchers have proposed modifications to Miner’s Rule. However, due to its simplicity, Miner’s Rule is still used by structural designers. Recent research work proposed compatibility conditions for fatigue damage functions in the S–N plane, leading to a simple model that fulfils those conditions contrary to the previous models, the Miner’s Rule and the Broutman and Sahu linear model. These models predict fatigue life at variable amplitude loading based on constant amplitude fatigue data. Forcibly, the analytical form of SıN influences the model lifetime predictions. Experimental data obtained in the literature serves to illustrate the models' predictions at different loading conditions. Although this work focused on composite materials, we foresaw extension to other materials.
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Pascualinotto Junior, Vagner, and Diego Felipe Sarzosa Burgos. "Fatigue Life Estimation Using Frequency Domain Technique and Probabilistic Linear Cumulative Damage Model." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21536.

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Abstract Engineering critical structures, such as pressure vessels and pipelines, are designed to withstand a variety of in-service loading specific to their intended application. Random vibration excitation is observed in most of the structural component applications in the offshore, aerospace, and nuclear industry. Likewise, fatigue life estimation for such components is fundamental to verify the design robustness assuring structural integrity throughout service. The linear damage accumulation model (Palmgren-Miner rule) is still largely used for damage assessment on fatigue estimations, even though, its limitations are well-known. The fact that fatigue behavior of materials exposed to cyclic loading is a random phenomenon at any scale of description, at a specimen scale, for example, fatigue initiation sites, inclusions, defects, and trans-granular crack propagation are hardly predicted, indicates that a probabilistic characterization of the material behavior is needed. In this work, the methodology was applied to a Titanium alloy structural component. Low alloyed titanium alloys have no tendency to corrosion cracking in high-temperature high-pressure water containing impurities of chloride and oxygen found in a steam generator of nuclear power plants. The inherent uncertainties of the fatigue life and fatigue strength of the material are characterized using the random fatigue limit (RFL) statistic method. Furthermore, a frequency domain technique is used to determine the response power spectrum density (PSD) function of a structural component subjected to a random vibration profile excitation. The fatigue life of the component is then estimated through a probabilistic linear damage cumulative model.
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9

CARRARO, PAOLO, SIMONETTO MIRKO, LUCIO MARAGONI, and MARINO QUARESIMIN. "DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN CROSS-PLY LAMINATES UNDER VARIABLE AMPLITUDE CYCLIC LOADINGS." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35891.

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Predicting the initiation and propagation of multiple off-axis cracks in multidirectional laminates under cyclic loadings is essential in a stiffness-driven design approach. Even under a constant amplitude cyclic load, the multiple crack initiation represents always an inherently variable amplitude (VA) problem. Indeed, the initiation of cracks causes a stress re-distribution so that each point in a laminate is subjected to a stress state that changes continuously during the fatigue life. At present, no models or experimental evidences on the crack initiation phenomenon under VA loadings are available in the literature. Crack density prediction models usually rely on a simple linear damage accumulation rule, even if its validity has not been proved yet. In this work, two types of fatigue tests were carried out on glass/epoxy cross-ply laminates under VA two-block loadings: 1) Initially, the number of cycles in the first block was chosen low enough to prevent the initiation of transverse cracks in the first block; then the load was changed and the crack initiation phenomenon was characterized in the second block. 2) Then, two block loadings were applied on other specimens, with a high enough number of cycles in the first block to promote the initiation of multiple cracks; the crack density evolution was thus characterized in both blocks. A model recently developed by the authors was applied to the experimental data, revealing the suitability of the linear damage accumulation rule under block loadings, at least from a phenomenological point of view.
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10

Inada, Fumio, Michiya Sakai, Ryo Morita, Ichiro Tamura, Shin-ichi Matsuura, Kiyoshi Saito, and Yasuki Ohtori. "Evaluation Method for Seismic Fatigue Damage of Plant Pipeline." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65596.

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Although acceleration and cumulative absolute velocity (CAV) are used as seismic indexes, their relationship with the damage mechanism is not yet understood. In this paper, a simplified evaluation method for seismic fatigue damage, which can be used as a seismic index for screening, is derived from the stress amplitude obtained from CAV for one cycle in accordance with the velocity criterion in ASME Operation and Maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants 2012, and the linear cumulative damage due to fatigue can be obtained from the linear cumulative damage rule. To verify the performance of the method, the vibration response of a cantilever pipe is calculated for four earthquake waves, and the cumulative fatigue damage is evaluated using the rain flow method. The result is in good agreement with the value obtained by the method based on the relative response. When the response spectrum obtained by the evaluation method is considered, the value obtained by the evaluation method has a peak at the peak frequency of the ground motion, and the value decreases with increasing natural frequency above the peak frequency. A higher peak frequency of the base leads to a higher value obtained by the evaluation method.
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