Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Line voting'

Online learning algorithms have several key advantages compared to their batch learning algorithm counterparts: they are generally more memory efficient, and computationally mor efficient; they are simpler to implement; and they are able to adapt to changes where the learning model is time varying. Online algorithms because of their simplicity are very appealing to practitioners. his thesis investigates several online learning algorithms and their application. The thesis has an underlying theme of the idea of combining several simple algorithms to give better performance. In this thesis we investigate: combining weights, combining hypothesis, and (sort of) hierarchical combining.¶ Firstly, we propose a new online variant of the Bayes point machine (BPM), called the online Bayes point machine (OBPM). We study the theoretical and empirical performance of the OBPm algorithm. We show that the empirical performance of the OBPM algorithm is comparable with other large margin classifier methods such as the approximately large margin algorithm (ALMA) and methods which maximise the margin explicitly, like the support vector machine (SVM). The OBPM algorithm when used with a parallel architecture offers potential computational savings compared to ALMA. We compare the test error performance of the OBPM algorithm with other online algorithms: the Perceptron, the voted-Perceptron, and Bagging. We demonstrate that the combinationof the voted-Perceptron algorithm and the OBPM algorithm, called voted-OBPM algorithm has better test error performance than the voted-Perceptron and Bagging algorithms. We investigate the use of various online voting methods against the problem of ranking, and the problem of collaborative filtering of instances. We look at the application of online Bagging and OBPM algorithms to the telecommunications problem of channel equalization. We show that both online methods were successful at reducing the effect on the test error of label flipping and additive noise.¶ Secondly, we introduce a new mixture of experts algorithm, the fixed-share hierarchy (FSH) algorithm. The FSH algorithm is able to track the mixture of experts when the switching rate between the best experts may not be constant. We study the theoretical aspects of the FSH and the practical application of it to adaptive equalization. Using simulations we show that the FSH algorithm is able to track the best expert, or mixture of experts, in both the case where the switching rate is constant and the case where the switching rate is time varying.

L’agrégation des valeurs qui doivent être gardées confidentielles tout en garantissant la robustesse du processus et l’exactitude du résultat est nécessaire pour un nombre croissant d’applications. Divers types d’enquêtes, telles que les examens médicaux, les référendums, les élections, ainsi que les nouveaux services de Internet of Things, tels que la domotique, nécessitent l’agrégation de données confidentielles. En général,la confidentialité est assurée sur la base de tiers de confiance ou des promesses de cryptographie, dont les capacités ne peuvent être évaluées sans expertise.L’ambition de cette thèse est de réduire le besoin de confiance dans les autorités, de même que la technologie, et d’explorer les méthodes d’agrégations de données à grande échelle, qui garantissent un degré élevé de confidentialité et ne dépendent ni de tiers de confiance ni de cryptographie. Inspiré par BitTorrent et Bitcoin, les protocoles P2P sont considérés. La première contribution de cette thèse est l’extension du protocole d’agrégation distribuée BitBallot dans le but de couvrir les agrégations dans les réseaux P2P comprenant des pairs adversaires avec un comportement défaillant ou byzantin. Les changements introduits permettent éventuellement de maintenir un résultat précis en présence d’une minorité adversaire. Les limites de scalabilité rencontrées conduisent à la deuxième contribution dans le but de soutenir les agrégations à grande échelle. Inspiré par BitBallot et BitTorrent, un nouveau protocole distribué appelé ADVOKAT est proposé.Dans les deux protocoles, les pairs sont affectés aux noeuds feuilles d’un réseau de superposition d’une structure arborescente qui détermine le calcul des agrégats intermédiaires et restreint l’échange de données. La partition des données et du calcul entre un réseau de pairs équipotent limite le risque de violation de données et réduit le besoin de confiance dans les autorités. Les protocoles fournissent une couche middleware dont la flexibilité est démontrée par les applications de vote et de loterie
Aggregation of values that need to be kept confidential while guaranteeing the robustness of the process and the correctness of the result is necessary for an increasing number of applications. Various kinds of surveys, such as medical ones, opinion polls, referendums, elections, as well as new services of the Internet of Things, such as home automation, require the aggregation of confidential data. In general, the confidentiality is ensured on the basis of trusted third parties or promises of cryptography, whose capacities cannot be assessed without expert knowledge.The ambition of this thesis is to reduce the need for trust in both authorities and technology and explore methods for large-scale data aggregations, that ensure a high degree of confidentiality and rely neither on trusted third parties nor solely on cryptography. Inspired by BitTorrent and Bitcoin, P2P protocols are considered.The first contribution of this thesis is the extension of the distributed aggregation protocol BitBallot with the objective to cover aggregations in P2P networks comprising adversarial peers with fail-stop or Byzantine behaviour. The introduced changes allow eventually to maintain an accurate result in presence of an adversarial minority.The encountered scalability limitations lead to the second contribution with the objective to support large-scale aggregations. Inspired by both BitBallot and BitTorrent, a novel distributed protocol called ADVOKAT is proposed.In both protocols, peers are assigned to leaf nodes of a tree overlay network which determines the computation of intermediate aggregates and restricts the exchange of data. The partition of data and computation among a network of equipotent peers limits the potential for data breaches and reduces the need for trust in authorities. The protocols provide a middleware layer whose flexibility is demonstrated by voting and lottery applications

Les Systèmes d’Aide au Vote (SAV) comparent, sur des enjeux variés, les positions des utilisateurs avec celles des partis ou des candidats qui sont établies à partir d’une analyse de contenu de leur programme électoral. Les SAV sont un outil d’analyse novateur à usage des politistes puisqu’ils leur permettent de récolter des données empiriques à grande échelle tout au long d’une campagne électorale. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'utiliser les données collectées par les SAV afin d’analyser la diffusion d’un site Web à caractère informatif et politique, i.e. les SAV, auprès des internautes dans des systèmes médiatiques différents. Cette thèse teste l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'utilisation des SAV par différents groupes d'électeurs (électeurs partisans, hésitants et indécis) varie selon les systèmes médiatiques. Les analyses des données collectées par des SAV dans sept démocraties électorales représentant trois différents types de systèmes médiatiques (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal et Pluralist Polarized) montrent que les systèmes médiatiques structurent les comportements et influent sur le degré d’exposition à des informations politiques en ligne. Le second apport de cette thèse est l’utilisation des données collectées par un SAV pour l'analyse électorale, notamment pour l’étude du vote sur enjeux et des dynamiques de campagne. Plusieurs analyses sont réalisées dans cette thèse à partir des données recueillies par le SAV français de La Boussole présidentielle. Cette thèse montre que, bien qu’étant non-probabilistes, les échantillons SAV sont très informatifs à condition d’être intégrés dans un cadre de recherche approprié et d’ajuster les biais statistiques
Online Voting Advice Applications (VAAs) are websites or online applications that show voters which party or candidate is closest to their own political ideas based on how they mark their positions on an ample range of policy issues. In addition to providing voters with reliable information in a structured manner, VAAs are an innovative data-collection tool on issue positions and on a wide set of other indicators. The main scope of this dissertation is to use VAA-collected data to learn about online information exposure during campaigns across media systems. Building on the realistic view of the Web’s political potential and its impact on the public, this dissertation test the hypothesis that VAA use by different voter groups (partisan, doubting and undecided voters) varies across media systems. The analyses of VAA-collected data in seven electoral democracies across three different types of media systems (Democratic Corporatist, Liberal, and Polarized Pluralist) show that media systems are key mediators to explain online information exposure. The second scope of this dissertation is to use VAA-collected data for the sake of electoral analysis, in particular to study issue-voting and campaign dynamics analyses. Several analyses are carried out using data collected by the French VAA of La Boussole présidentielle. This dissertation shows that, despite being non-probabilistic, VAA samples can serve as a very informative tool for the study of political and communication processes during electoral campaigns if integrated within an appropriate research framework and with the use of proper statistical adjustment

By comparison with its secular counterpart, the liturgy of English medieval monasteries has received little attention. This thesis explores one aspect of the liturgy of some of the wealthiest and most influential foundations in England - the Benedictine houses. It covers the formation and proliferation of 'votive' observances, recited as additions to or replacements for the major calendar observances. Evidence is drawn from over fifty manuscripts, dating from the Benedictine reform of the tenth century to the eve of the Dissolution in the sixteenth century. Some thirty monasteries are represented, with particular reference to the practices of Winchester, St Albans, Worcester and St Mary's, York. Part One examines the precedent for appended observances in The Rule of St Benedict (c.540), and the interpretation of this document by the Carolingian reformer Benedict of Aniane (c.750-821). Votive practices in the first English monastic customary, Regularis Concordia (c.970), and other devotional sources of a similar date are analysed. Part Two deals with the proliferation of three major observances after the Conquest - the daily votive office, recited as an appendage to the regular hours, the weekly commemorative office, which served as a replacement for the ferial office, and the independent antiphon (in particular Salve regina), recited or sung after Compline. The structure, adoption and devotional characteristics of each observance are examined, with particular reference to the predominantly Marian bias of much of the repertory. The second volume contains liturgical texts and related analytical tables, a descriptive catalogue of sources, transcriptions of Marian antiphons from the Worcester Antiphoner (c. 1230) and a comparison of eight versions of Salve regina.

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Allison Calhoun-Brown, committee chair; Michael Binford, Richard Engstrom, committee members. Electronic text (83 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 10, 2207; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-81).

Dès la loi NRE de 2001, le législateur français s’est intéressé à l’utilisation de la voie électroniqueen période d’assemblée générale des actionnaires. Il laisse au pouvoir réglementaire la liberté deposer les modalités de toute forme d’interaction à distance entre la société anonyme et sesactionnaires. Le régime juridique allemand relatif aux assemblées générales a quant à lui étémodernisé en profondeur par la seule ARUG de 2009. Cette loi transpose la directiveeuropéenne 2007/36/CE du 11 juillet 2007 concernant l’exercice de certains droits desactionnaires de sociétés cotées. Ces textes ont conçu un actionnaire qui utiliserait la voieélectronique pour faciliter l’exercice de ses droits, un « cyber-actionnaire ». Si les textes françaisont bien pour objectif de faciliter l’exercice des droits de l’actionnaire, un nouveau cadre juridiquesemble s’être greffé sur la réglementation connue jusqu’alors. À trop chercher à s’en distinguer,notamment pour marquer la nouveauté, un régime juridique spécial semble s’être constitué, alorsque le droit allemand paraît aisément assimiler la voie électronique aux modes traditionnels decommunication. Or l’on ne fait pas face à une nouvelle catégorie d’actionnaires qui justifierait untraitement particulier. Le cyber-actionnaire n’est qu’un actionnaire exerçant par voie électroniqueses droits relatifs à l’information, à la communication et à la prise de décision collective enpériode d’assemblée générale. Pour s’en convaincre, la présente étude tire le bilan del’implication de la voie électronique en droit des sociétés par actions français et allemand
This study looks into the introduction of electronic means in French and German company law.The French legislator already introduced the possibility of participating in shareholders annualgeneral meetings via electronic means in 2001. The law on New Economic Regulations led thegovernment to set the conditions of all the electronic communication between companies andtheir shareholders. In Germany, mainly the ARUG from 2009 modernized the law related to theAGM, by transposing the European directive from 11th July 2007 on the exercise of certain rightsof shareholders in listed companies. The new laws have a shareholder in mind, who would useelectronic means to facilitate the exercise of his rights before and during the AGM, a “cybershareholder”.While the German law seeks to assimilate the electronic communication with thetraditional correspondence, the varying French decrees seem to distinguish between a new legalregime and a traditional one. However, there is no need for a new category of shareholders,which could justify a special legal foundation. The cyber-shareholder is just a shareholderexercising his rights related to information, communication and collective decision-making in theAGM via electronic means

De Kheops à Internet, des nanotechnologies à la téléportation, les nouvelles technologies rythment la vie des hommes. Fruits de leur intelligence, outils de grands travaux, moteurs de diffusion des savoirs, elles sont cause et effet des progrès de l’humanité. Innervant les relations de travail subordonnées comme tous les compartiments de la société, elles retiennent l’attention du juriste tant elles sont susceptibles de remodeler l’organisation de l’entreprise, de provoquer l’exclusion de la communauté de travail (au moins autant que de rapprocher ceux qui la composent), de provoquer l’entremêlement des vies personnelle et professionnelle. Nul compartiment du droit des relations de travail n’échappe à la pression des nouvelles technologies : au recrutement des salariés elles peuvent donner un nouveau visage ; à la conclusion du contrat de travail elles peuvent offrir instantanéité et dématérialisation ; au temps de son exécution elles imposent normes de sécurité (pour que, de chacun, le corps soit préservé) et normes de vie (pour que, de chacun, l’âme et l’esprit demeurent hors du champ de lecture de l’employeur). Et que dire du jeu de relations collectives remodelées à coup de communications syndicales dématérialisées, de vote électronique, de réunions virtuelles d’instance de représentation du personnel ? Le paysage se transforme. Le corpus normatif, parfois, peine à suivre. Le temps des diseurs de droit n’est pas celui de la science. Mais la science ne peut aller sans que le législateur et le juge, un jour, s’en saisissent. D’intérêts contradictoires où s’entremêlent impératif d’évolution (de l’entreprise) et de protection (du salarié), il leur appartient d’assurer la conciliation
Over the centuries, from Cheops to the Internet and from nanotechnology to teleportation, new technologies have constantly been at the centre of individuals’ lives. Produced by human intelligence, they appear to be a key to innovation, a tool for the dissemination of knowledge and they enable the progress and evolution of mankind. These new technologies obviously drew lawyers’ attention as they have a direct impact on society as a whole, but also more specifically on the relationship between employers and employees. Moreover, they tend to reshape the organisation of corporations and lead to the entanglement of professional and private life. As a matter of fact, labour law is under pressure: recruitment procedures can be altered by new technologies, the conclusion of employment contracts is nowadays electronic and instantaneous, and security and privacy rules have been established (not to mention electronic trade union communications, e-voting or e-meetings for staff representative bodies). In short, the whole framework is changing. Unfortunately, lawmakers are usually overtaken by events as science and law evolve at a very different pace. However, sooner or later, legal boundaries are set. Currently, courts’ main challenge is to try to make technological progress and protection of employees compatible

This thesis analyzes the ideologies present the campaign rhetoric surrounding the 2008 California legislative initiative Proposition·8. Using Foss' method of ideological criticism the campaign is read prior after the opposition response to determine if an ideological shift occurs. The study is framed to identify this shift as a potential product of oppositional interaction, a characteristic of rhetoric defined by Smith and Windes. The study concludes that the shift in ideology during the campaign by the supporters of Proposition 8 was a significant development. The response from the Proposition 8 campaign reframed the debate, making the electorate vulnerable to a different ideology. This new ideology places the state education apparatus, not the courts, in the spotlight as the state mechanism that is in dispute in the marriage controversy. When placed in .this context, theories of political economy are employed to explain how the electorate may have interpreted these arguments. One. explanation offered is that the response ideology of the Proposition 8 campaign allowed voters to vote to outlaw gay marriages as a proactive response to a mistrust of education. The discussion section indicates that this could be an adjustment to existing ideologies, or development of an issues specific ideology that is only relevant for one issue in the mind of the individual. Ultimately, this study demonstrated the utility of ideology as a method to analyze political rhetoric and examines the role that oppositional interaction plays in the long-term development of public dialectic.

Placed deposits have received increasing attention over the past 30 years, particularly in prehistoric British archaeology. Although disagreement still exists over the definition, identification, and interpretation of placed deposits, significant advances have been made in theoretical and methodological approaches to placed deposits, as researchers have gradually moved away from relatively crude ‘ritual’ interpretations toward more nuanced considerations of how placed deposits may have related to daily lives, social networks, and settlement structure, as well as worldview. With the exception of comments on specific deposits and a recent preliminary survey, however, Anglo-Saxon placed deposits have remained largely unstudied. This thesis represents the first systematic attempt to identify, characterize, analyse and interpret placed deposits in early to middle Anglo-Saxon settlements (5th–9th centuries). It begins by disentangling the various definitions of ‘placed’, ‘structured’, and ‘special’ deposits and their associated assumptions. Using formation process theory as a basis, it develops a definition of placed deposits as material that has been specially selected, treated, and/or arranged, in contrast with material from similar or surrounding contexts. This definition was applied to develop contextually specific criteria for identifying placed deposits in Anglo-Saxon settlements. Examination of 141 settlements identified a total of 151 placed deposits from 67 settlements. These placed deposits were characterized and analysed for patterns in terms of material composition, context type, location within the settlement, and timing of deposition relative to the use-life of their contexts. Broader geographical and chronological trends have also been considered. In discussing these patterns, anthropological theories of action, agency, practice, and ritualization have been employed in order to begin to understand the roles placed deposits may have had in structuring space and time and expressing social identities in Anglo-Saxon settlements, and to consider how placed deposition may have articulated with Anglo-Saxon worldview and belief systems.

Remote internet voting is a phenomenon of modern democratic societies. This topic has slowly become an important and frequent subject of political research. Thus, the aim of the thesis was to analyse this inovative, but yet controversial, method of voting from the standpoint of voting rights. The first of the thesis is concern on the general theory of elections and legal concept of voting rights to understand the meaning of elements of voting rights. The second part of the thesis comprises three case studies on countries which have already organised the remote internet voting in some types of elections: Estonia, Switzerland and the Netherlands. These chapters have proved several issues and variables between particular e-voting systems, such as the possibility of casting e-votes repeatedly, who is allowed to use internet voting or where votes can be cast on-line. The main goal of the thesis was to provide a clear set of potentional barriers of remote internet voting for an accomplishment of democratic suffrage in cases of these three countries and evaluate the possibilities of the idea of remote internet voting used in the electoral system of the Czech Republic. Thus, the third part of the thesis was focused on the case of the Czech republic and main principles of vote suffrage. The author...

碩士
國立成功大學
測量及空間資訊學系碩博士班
96
The LiDAR technology has become an important　method to quickly　get 3-D point clouds during the recent years. This study　attempts to automatically　extract structure lines from　LiDAR point clouds based on tensor　voting algorithm.　Also, this study analyzes the effect of the radius of　the search window and the scale factor, which controls the degree　of attenuation　during tensor communication, on the　results. In order to acquire the location of the structure lines, the　linear feature　strength of point clouds is used. First,　points with higher values are divided by 3D blocks, and then the weighted average coordinates in every block are calculated. Finally, we connect these points to derive the structure lines. The result shows that the tensor voting algorithm has good performance on acquiring feature information. Besides, enlarging the radius of search window and the scale factor (in a limited value) is also positive to feature extraction.

Online learning algorithms have several key advantages compared to their batch learning algorithm counterparts. This thesis investigates several online learning algorithms and their application. The thesis has an underlying theme of the idea of combining several simple algorithms to give better performance. In this thesis we investigate: combining weights, combining hypothesis, and (sort of) hierarchical combining.¶ ...