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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Line ratio diagnostics

Academic literature on the topic 'Line ratio diagnostics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Dissertations / Theses
Book chapters
Conference papers
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Journal articles on the topic "Line ratio diagnostics"

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Dwivedi, B. N. "Si VII line ratio diagnostics for CDS." Solar Physics 165, no. 2 (May 1996): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00149722.

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Keenan, F. P. "Line Ratio Diagnostics Applicable to Astronomical Spectra in the 50–3000 Å Wavelength Region." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 152 (1996): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100036599.

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A bibliography has been produced of the most reliable emission and absorption line ratio diagnostic calculations currently available for application to the spectra of astrophysical sources in the UV and EUV wavelength region (50-3000 Å). References are listed containing diagnostics for species in the Li through P isoelectronic sequences, as well as the iron ions Fe II-Fe XXIII and nickel ions Ni XVII-Ni XXV. Also given is the wavelength range for which diagnostic calculations are presented in each reference, along with the type of diagnostic considered. These include, for example, emission line ratios for determining electron temperatures and densities, and absorption line diagnostics for evaluating hydrogen densities.

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Murakami, Izumi, and Takako Kato. "Electron temperature diagnostics by Fe XXIII line intensity ratio." Fusion Engineering and Design 34-35 (March 1997): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(96)00550-9.

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Masai, Kuniaki, and Takako Kato. "Electron density diagnostics by Fe XXII line intensity ratio." Physics Letters A 123, no. 8 (August 1987): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(87)90042-9.

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Phillips, K. J. H., J. Dubau, J. Sylwester, B. Sylwester, J. L. Culhane, G. A. Doschek, and J. Lang. "Temperature-sensitive line ratio diagnostics based on Si satellite-to-resonance line ratios for 1s2–1snp transitions." Advances in Space Research 38, no. 7 (January 2006): 1543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.08.025.

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Boivin, R. F., S. D. Loch, C. P. Ballance, D. Branscomb, and M. S. Pindzola. "Line ratio diagnostics in helium and helium seeded argon plasmas." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 16, no. 3 (May 14, 2007): 470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/16/3/006.

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Keenan, F. P., P. J. Crockett, K. M. Aggarwal, D. B. Jess, and M. Mathioudakis. "Ultraviolet and extreme-ultraviolet line ratio diagnostics for O IV." Astronomy & Astrophysics 495, no. 1 (January 14, 2009): 359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200811222.

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McKENZIE, D. L. "X-RAY LINE-RATIO PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS APPLIED TO SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS." Le Journal de Physique Colloques 49, no. C1 (March 1988): C1–55—C1–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:1988109.

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Mckenzie, D. L. "X-Ray Line-Ratio Plasma Diagnostics Applied to Solar Active Regions." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 102 (1988): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100107407.

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Zhen, Zhiqiang, and Jian He. "Opacity of Krypton X-ray lines in high-temperature plasma implosion." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 33 (November 30, 2019): 1950418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919504189.

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For accurate electron temperature and density diagnostics in laser high-temperature plasma implosion, opacity of Krypton (Kr) helium-[Formula: see text] and Balmer-[Formula: see text] lines are discussed, and ratio of escape factor of the two X-rays are calculated, both for Gaussian and Holtzmarkian profiles. Finally, the line ratios of the two X-ray lines are analyzed for optically thin and thick plasmas. Results indicate that for the Gaussian profile, the line ratio varies greatly with the opacity of the Kr helium-[Formula: see text] line, which provides excellent source for temperature and electron density diagnostics; while for the Holtzmarkian profile, the line ratio varies less with the opacity of the Kr helium-[Formula: see text] line, which can be used for escape factor diagnostics. This method is significant in accurate plasma diagnostics using X-rays under the condition of optically thick.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Line ratio diagnostics"

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Warren, Graeme Andrew. "Emission line ratio diagnostics for astrophysical plasmas." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239219.

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Vogt, Frédéric Paul André. "Gas flows and star formation as a consequence of galaxy interaction in compact groups." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/15945.

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The environment of galaxies is known to influence their evolution via a wide range of processes, such as tidal interactions, ram-pressure stripping, or galaxy harassment. However, the exact interconnectivity between the large scale environment-driven mechanisms and the other internal processes (starburst, star formation quenching, nuclear activity, and both outflows and inflows) remains poorly understood. This thesis describes the use of the WiFeS and MUSE integral field spectrographs to study gas flows and star formation activity inside two members of compact groups of galaxies: HCG 16c and HCG 91c. In particular, WiFeS and MUSE are used to resolve scales of 1 kpc at the distances of HCG 16c and HCG 91c - the size of giant molecular clouds and HII regions - in an effort to tie the environment to its impact within the disks of the galaxies. HCG 16c is found to host an asymmetric, bipolar, rotating galactic wind, powered by a nuclear starburst. Emission line ratio diagnostics indicate that photoionization is the dominant excitation mechanism at the base of the wind. The asymmetry of the wind is likely caused by one of the two lobes of the wind-blown bubble bursting out of its HI envelope. The characteristics of the wind suggest that it is caught early (a few Myr) in the wind evolution sequence. The wind is also quite different to the galactic wind in the partner galaxy HCG 16d which contains a symmetric, shock-excited wind. Given that both galaxies have (likely) similar interaction histories, the different wind characteristics must be a consequence of the intrinsic properties of HCG 16c and HCG 16d. In HCG 91c, WiFeS and MUSE reveal HII regions with kinematic and abundance offsets in this otherwise unremarkable star-forming spiral. Specifically, at least three HII regions harbor an oxygen abundance 0:15 dex lower than expected from their immediate surroundings and from the overall abundance gradient present in the disk of this galaxy. The same star forming regions are also associated with a small kinematic offset in the form of a lag of 5-10kms􀀀1 with respect to the local circular rotation of the gas. HI observations of HCG 91 from the VLA and broadband optical images from Pan-STARRS suggest that HCG 91c is caught early in its interaction with the compact group HCG 91. Altogether, evidence point towards infalling and collapsing extra-planar halo gas clouds at the disk-halo interface of the galaxy. As such, HCG 91c provides evidence that some of the perturbations possibly associated with the early phase of galaxy evolution in compact groups impact the star forming disk locally, and on sub-kpc scales. Finally, this thesis also describes a series of new tools developed for the processing, analysis and visualization of these integral field spectroscopy datasets. These comprise a new data reduction pipeline for the WiFeS instrument, interactive PDF & HTML documents for multi-dimensional data visualization and publication, 3-D printing of astrophysical datasets, the pyqz code to derive oxygen abundances & ionization parameters from strong emission line ratios, and 3-D line ratio diagnostic diagrams.

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Book chapters on the topic "Line ratio diagnostics"

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Korotkov, Anatoli, Kent McCormick, Philip Morgan, Josef Schweinzer, and John Vince. "Line Ratio Method for Poloidal Magnetic Field Measurement Using Li-Multiplet (2 2S - 2 2P) Emission." In Advanced Diagnostics for Magnetic and Inertial Fusion, 209–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8696-2_35.

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Keenan, F. P. "Line Ratio Diagnostics Applicable to Astronomical Spectra in the 50-3000 Å Wavelength Region." In Astrophysics in the Extreme Ultraviolet, 595–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3988-5_94.

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A. Saville, Michael. "2D Relative Phase Reconstruction in Plasma Diagnostics." In Optical Interferometry - A Multidisciplinary Technique in Science and Engineering [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104748.

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Interferometric analysis methods for measuring plasma properties are presented with emphasis on emerging trends in 2D phase reconstruction. Using recent imagery from exploded-wire experiments the relative phase profiles from independent interferograms are reconstructed. The well-known Fourier Transform Method is presented and discussed. Then, the electron and atom densities are recovered from the phase by solving a linear system of equations in the form of line-integrated density profiles. The mathematical models of the line density and phase function are described and elucidate why interferograms of plasma suffer from low contrast, high signal-to-noise ratio and poorly defined fringes. Although these effects pose challenges for phase reconstruction, the interferometric diagnostic continues to advance the plasma science.

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Izvoltova, Jana, Libor Izvolt, and Janka Sestakova. "Analysis of Methods Used to Diagnostics of Railway Lines." In Railway Transport Planning and Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100835.

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Complex diagnostics of railway lines involves techniques based on discrete and continual data acquisition. While discrete measurements belong to conventional methods, the modern continual ones use automated robotized instruments with continuous recording. Observations have become more time-efficient, but the processing epoch has become longer to evaluate a large number of data. Railway line diagnostics is realized by relative methods lead to determine relative track parameters as the track gauge, elevation, and track gradients and absolute, geodetic techniques determine directional and height ratios of the track, defined in a global coordinate and height system.

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V., Nagaraj, Prasanna Kumar Singh, Anju Asokan, and Hariharan S. "Cost-Efficient Amplitude and Phase Antenna Measurement System." In Antenna Design for Narrowband IoT, 213–21. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9315-8.ch016.

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This responsibility provides a straightforward, financially sound foundation for complicated analyses of the field transmitted by a receiving wire. The proposed setup is based on a number of receiving wire tests identified with a number of stage contrast locaters and, in general, a control locater. Stage capacity appraisals are made to recuperate the hour of the radio wire under test. The major advantage of the proposed structure is that it doesn't need standard evaluation, making it reasonable for getting wire investigations in situ. Requirements like the measure of getting wires in the group (and thusly the quantity of stage contrast locaters) and organizing shortcomings are examined. The suggested design has been tested using off-the-shelf equipment for radio wire evaluation and diagnostics. The problems with the system's execution, as well as offered fixes for lowering its precision, have been incorporated. Diagnostics and radiation plan assessments, as well as those determined from another phaseless strate, emerge in the end.

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Petersen, Steffen, Ana G. Almeida, Annalisa Angelini, and Yuchi Han. "Non-compaction or excessive trabeculation cardiomyopathy." In The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, edited by Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Cristina Basso, and Victor Ferrari, 282–89. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.003.0026.

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Cardiomyopathies with excessive trabeculations, often labelled as ‘left ventricular non-compaction’, can lead to complications, including heart failure, life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances, and cardiac emboli. The main patho-anatomical substrate is increased cardiac trabeculations. Cardiac imaging can depict the location and extent of trabeculations in the ventricle. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance is increasingly requested to confirm or exclude cardiomyopathy with excessive trabeculations when clinically suspected or in patients with a known family history. The ‘non-compaction-to-compaction ratio’ and the trabecular mass are the two most commonly used diagnostic approaches that have good diagnostic accuracy when used in patients with an intermediate pre-test probability. Increased trabeculations in the context of a low pre-test probability, and no other cardiac abnormalities considered associated with this cardiomyopathy, appear benign and may not represent disease.

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Sharif, Sairah, and Jie Tang. "Potassium Derangements: A Pathophysiological Review, Diagnostic Approach, and Clinical Management." In Physiology. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.103016.

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Potassium is an essential cation critical in fluid and electrolyte balance, acid–base regulation, and neuromuscular functions. The normal serum potassium is kept within a narrow range of 3.5–5.2 meq/L while the intracellular concentration is approximately 140–150 meq/L. The total body potassium is about 45–55 mmol/kg; thus, a 70 kg male has an estimated ~136 g and 60 kg female has ~117 g of potassium. In total, 98% of the total body potassium is intracellular. Skeletal muscle contains ~80% of body potassium stores. The ratio of intracellular to extracellular potassium concentration (Ki/Ke) maintained by Na+/K+ ATPase determines the resting membrane potential. Disturbances of potassium homeostasis lead to hypo- and hyperkalemia, which if severe, can be life-threatening. Prompt diagnosis and management of these problems are important.

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Nargis, M. "Emerging Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery and Therapy." In Emerging Nanomaterials and Their Impact on Society in the 21st Century, 125–51. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902172-6.

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Medical science has been influenced in a number of ways by the development of new tools for manipulating materials at the nanoscale. Physicochemical advantages like the greater surface area to mass ratio, ultra-small size, and high level of reactivity have set the nanomaterials apart from bulk materials with the same composition. Due to these unique characteristics, nanomaterials are massively used to get over the drawbacks of traditional medicinal and diagnostic drugs and offer outstanding panoramas. In this chapter, we will focus on the developments of nanomaterials in the fields of drug delivery and disease therapy, with their enormous potential and future prospects.

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Becerra-Culqui, Tracy A., Yuan Liu, Rebecca Nash, Lee Cromwell, W. Dana Flanders, Darios Getahun, Shawn V. Giammattei, et al. "Mental Health of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth Compared With Their Peers." In Pediatric Collections: LGBTQ+: Support and Care Part 1: Combatting Stigma and Discrimination, 14–24. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610024730-mental_health.

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BACKGROUND Understanding the magnitude of mental health problems, particularly life-threatening ones, experienced by transgender and/or gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth can lead to improved management of these conditions. METHODS Electronic medical records were used to identify a cohort of 588 transfeminine and 745 transmasculine children (3–9 years old) and adolescents (10–17 years old) enrolled in integrated health care systems in California and Georgia. Ten male and 10 female referent cisgender enrollees were matched to each TGNC individual on year of birth, race and/ or ethnicity, study site, and membership year of the index date (first evidence of gender nonconforming status). Prevalence ratios were calculated by dividing the proportion of TGNC individuals with a specific mental health diagnosis or diagnostic category by the corresponding proportion in each reference group by transfeminine and/or transmasculine status, age group, and time period before the index date. RESULTS Common diagnoses for children and adolescents were attention deficit disorders (transfeminine 15%; transmasculine 16%) and depressive disorders (transfeminine 49%; transmasculine 62%), respectively. For all diagnostic categories, prevalence was severalfold higher among TGNC youth than in matched reference groups. Prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for history of self-inflicted injury in adolescents 6 months before the index date ranged from 18 (95% CI 4.4–82) to 144 (95% CI 36–1248). The corresponding range for suicidal ideation was 25 (95% CI 14–45) to 54 (95% CI 18–218). CONCLUSIONS TGNC youth may present with mental health conditions requiring immediate evaluation and implementation of clinical, social, and educational gender identity support measures.

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Conference papers on the topic "Line ratio diagnostics"

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Cohen, David H., and Kevin B. Fournier. "X-ray Spectroscopy of the Radiation-Driven Winds of Massive Stars: Line Profile and Line Ratio Diagnostics." In ATOMIC PROCESSES IN PLASMAS: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Atomic Processes in Plasmas. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3241184.

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Gao, G., L. Pershin, and J. Mostaghimi. "Optical Emission Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Atmospheric Argon Radio Frequency Inductively Coupled Plasma." In ITSC2003, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2003p1337.

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Abstract An experimental study is conducted to determine the property fields of 40 MHz argon radio frequency inductively coupled plasma using optical emission spectroscopy. The pure argon plasma was operated at the input power of 0.3 kW and under atmospheric pressure. 29 atomic argon lines with upper level energies ranging from 12.9 to 15.5 eV, continuum emission and line width are used to evaluate plasma parameters such as temperature and electron number density. Since 40 MHz plasma is in almost complete nonequilibrium, the validaty and accuracy of most usual spectroscopic methods are questioned. Analysis based on the Boltzmann diagram, line-to-continuum intensity ratio, population of continuum extrapolated level, and continuum intensity reveals the departure from thermodynamic equilibrium in the plasma. Among these methods, the Boltzmann diagram method is shown to provide reliable plasma excitation temperature as long as the Boltzmann plot is drawn based on enough spectra lines covering from infrared to ultraviolet regions. The continuum emission at wavelengths within visible region can give good estimation of the electron density by using excitation temperature in the continuum relation. The line-to-continuum is not a reliable method for the temperature measurement of nonequilibrim plasma. The electron density obtained from the Saha plot can provide rough estimation of the electron density. It is shown that the electron-atom interaction contribution to the continuum radiation is more important than being expected before for the argon plasma in our study. The non-axisymmetric distribution of the emission was found to exist within the coil zone of the plasma, which may affect the estimation of the local emission coefficient, and consequently the measured plasma fields.

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Perminov, Nikolay, Maxim Smirnov, Konstantin Melnik, Lenar Gilyazov, Oleg Bannik, Marat Amirhanov, Diana Tarankova, and Aleksandr Litvinov. "Robust diagnostics of dark counts for quantum networks." In International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fce27726f64b0.74021110.

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In this work, we study timestamps when registering counts of single-photon detectors in quantum communications. Post-pulse counts are analyzed based on several approaches. Explicit statistical accounting of the noise of quantum detectors allows you to most correctly select the mode of use of the detectors to realize the most efficient quantum communication with the highest signal to noise ratio. Direct statistical analysis and robust diagnostics of the noise of quantum detectors can be done by ranging the time's tags of quantum keys that are available for the online diagnostic system and analysis a significant amount of information about the quantum communication performance (the amount of dark noise and post-pulse counts, line interference, etc.). The conclusion is made about the proportion of dark noise and post-pulse counts in the total noise, and the limits of applicability of the theory are shown using a sequence of the ranged amplitudes. We offer non-parametric robust diagnostic of times tags in keys to increase the security of quantum networks, and also discuss the prospects of commercializing quantum-classical cloud-based security services.

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Jayakody, Nimesh, Ratneshwar Jha, and Thomas E. Lacy. "Damage Diagnostics of Composite Fan Blades Using the Modified Time Reversal Method." In ASME 2015 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2015-1291.

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This experimental study presents the Lamb wave based baseline-free diagnostics of damage in a carbon-fiber composite fan blade using the Modified Time Reversal Method (MTRM). A fan blade with delamination was selected as the test specimen and two piezoelectric transducers (PZT) were surface bonded using epoxy adhesive. The system (fan blade and transducers) was then waveform-tuned from which 5.5 cycle tone burst was selected as the optimum excitation waveform. The system was then mode-tuned in order to determine the optimum excitation center frequency. The 55 kHz, 5.5 cycle tone burst was used to generate fundamental asymmetric Lamb waves with high signal-to-noise ratio and low dispersion. Damage Index (DI) values for the fan blade was calculated at equidistant points on a line using both PZTs. Results show that magnitudes of the DI values have strong correlation with the severity of damage present in the fan blade. The procedure followed in this experimental study is directly applicable to the Non Destructive Evaluation (NDE) conducted on composite fan blades. Additionally, this method can be extended to develop a real-time structural health monitoring system for composite fan blades which employs embedded PZTs for actuating and sensing waves.

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Lugscheider, E., C. Herbst-Dederichs, and L. Zhao. "Particle Behavior in a Powder-Laden HVOF Jet." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p0501.

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Abstract The paper deals with an analysis of particle behavior in a HVOF-jet as a function of process parameters. The experiments were carried out using a commercial HVOF gun with hydrogen as fuel gas. A commercial 316 L stainless steel powder was used for spray material. The experiments were conducted by using on-line particle diagnostics in order to simultaneously detect particle velocity, temperature and diameter. The results were correlated with caught spray powder and splats. The experiments released that among many parameters the oxygen/fuel gas ratio is the most important parameter. It was found, that fragmentation of partially melted particles in a supersonic jet is not a neglectable phenomenon. It may cause excessive oxidation inflight and therefore is to be avoided in the production of oxygen-poor coatings. Furthermore, it was found that velocity or temperature measurements of particles have to be interpreted very carefully in order to characterize the process. Without taking a possible change of the particle size due to inflight fragmentation into consideration either measurement value will lead to very limited information benefit.

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Atakishiyev, Fuad Aziz, Alessandro Delfino, Cagri Cerrahoglu, Zahid Hasanov, Ilkin Yusifov, Alex Wallace, and Alberto Mendoza. "Flow Diagnostics in High Rate Gas Condensate Well Using Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing and its Validation with Conventional Production Log." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205435-ms.

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Abstract We introduce a novel Machine Learning (ML) approach for processing distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS) data that enables dynamic flow profile monitoring using a fiber-optic e-line cable deployed in a gas condensate well and compare it to a conventional approach. DFOS technology has the potential to provide more efficient and dynamic flow profiles compared to traditional methods, particularly in high rate gas wells where production logs (PL) are recorded at reduced rates to avoid tool lifting. Distributed acoustic and temperature sensing (DAS & DTS) data were acquired simultaneously while the well was producing ~70 MMSCF/D gas. Conventional PL data was also acquired under the same condition to validate the flow profiling results obtained from DFOS measurements. This paper describes a novel data processing approach where ML based models for pattern recognition were applied to obtain the signatures of different fluid types. Flow profiling is achieved by applying multiple data models to address three key questions for inflow profiling: (1) which zones are producing? (2) what is the phase? and (3) what is the flow rate? A blind test was set up to avoid results contamination. The processing and interpretation of DFOS data and PL data were carried out independently and results were compared only when the work on both datasets was completed. The comparison demonstrates a good match between two measurements for gas inflow profile with an average error of about 1% in relative gas rate allocation along the four producing perforated intervals. Flow profile in a single-phase gas producing well was accurately determined by DFOS data analysis and the liquid production rate was then re-calculated using condensate-gas ratio (CGR) to obtain liquid and gas production rates at standard surface condition. The well was connected to a test separator during the entire acquisition period, and accurate gas, condensate and water production rates were obtained in real-time at surface condition. The hybrid processing technique was applied for the first time among our well stock and resulted in accurate gas inflow profiling. To further validate the performance of the presented approach, the authors intend to repeat the test in other high rate gas producing wells, including wells with permanently installed fiber. Multi-disciplinary teamwork involved collaboration between operator and vendor and allowed for efficient operational execution. The result of the risk assessment ensured the selection of the best candidate well ensuring minimum sand production at the optimum production rate, optimization of stationary time for DFOS data acquisition and cable armor erosion model.

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Porquet, Delphine. "The He-like triplet ratios as powerful plasma diagnostic tools." In X-RAY DIAGNOSTICS OF ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS: Theory, Experiment, and Observation. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1960927.

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Esser, Ruth, Nancy S. Brickhouse, Shadia R. Habbal, and Amy Mossman. "Demonstrating the limitations of line ratio temperature diagnostic using Fe X and Fe XIV spectral line intensity observations." In Proceedings of the eigth international solar wind conference: Solar wind eight. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51380.

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Crannell, C. J., and F. L. Lang. "Nuclear gamma-ray line ratios as spectral diagnostics for protons accelerated in solar flares." In AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 170. AIP, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.37269.

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Kakoczki, Richard J., Jacob A. Brown, Paul Williams, and Tim S. King. "The Cummins KTA38GC for Gas Compression: An International Effort." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1303.

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Cummins recognized a sales growth opportunity in the gas compression market place in 2001. Natural Gas Engine Engineering then started developing the smallest displacement engines in the product line first. These are engines in the 37 to 225 kilowatt range and were introduced successfully into the market place over the last four years. Two years ago, the next step up in horsepower, the 19 liter, inline six cylinder KTA 19GC engine at 313 kilowatt was released for production. Marketing then determined that the 450 to 670 kilowatt market was underserved and decided to develop the V12 version of the KTA 19GC, the KTA38GC, to fill this need. It was recognized early in the program that the engine needed to be simple and robust because engine uptime is at a premium in the higher horsepower segments of this market. Thus, simple, robust and proven components were chosen for the engine. The project team started with the KTA38 diesel engine. The team then added the KTA19GC power cylinder components. Next, an ignition system, air/ratio control system and an electronic integrated throttle/governor system were added. These were all “off the shelf” components. When adding these components, an emphasis was placed on simplicity, user friendliness, and self diagnostics with or without a laptop computer. The engine development team was located in Columbus, IN and Clovis, NM, the design team was located in Daventry, England (the final manufacturing location) and Columbus, IN and the analysis team in Pune, India. In addition, our lead customer and distributor, both located in Texas, were closely involved in the project and added considerably to its success. The efforts of these five locations were coordinated in Columbus, IN.

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Reports on the topic "Line ratio diagnostics"

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Paterson, Andrew H., Yehoshua Saranga, and Dan Yakir. Improving Productivity of Cotton (Gossypsum spp.) in Arid Region Agriculture: An Integrated Physiological/Genetic Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573066.bard.

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Objectives: We seek to establish the basis for improving cotton productivity under arid conditions, by studying the water use efficiency - evaporative cooling interrelationship. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that cotton productivity under arid conditions can be improved by combining high seasonal WUE with efficient evaporative cooling, evaluate whether high WUE and/or evaporative cooling are based on specific physiological factors such as diurnal flexibility in stomatal conductance, stomatal density, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status. Genes influencing both WUE and evaporative cooling, as well as other parameters such as economic products (lint yield, quality, harvest index) of cotton will also be mapped, in order to evaluate influences of water relations on these parameters. Approach: Carbon isotope ratio will be used to evaluate WUE, accompanied by additional parameters to elucidate the relationship between WUE, evaporative cooling, and cotton productivity. A detailed RFLP map will be used to determine the number, location, and phenotypic effects of genes underlying genetic variation in WUE between cultivated cottons, as well as test associations of these genes with traits of economic importance such as harvest index, lint yield, and lint quality. Major Conclusions: Productivity and quality of cotton grown under well-watered versus water-limited conditions was shown to be partly accounted for by different quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Among a suite of physiological traits often found to differ between genotypes adapted to arid versus well-watered conditions, genetic mapping implicated only reduced plant osmotic potential in improved cotton productivity under arid conditions. Our findings clearly implicate OP as a major component of cotton adaptation to arid conditions. However, testing of further physiological hypotheses is clearly needed to account for additional QTL alleles conferring higher seed-cotton yield under arid conditions, such as three of the five we found. Near-isogenic lines being made for QTLs discovered herein will offer a powerful new tool useful toward identification of the underlying gene(s) by using fine-scale mapping approaches (Paterson et al 1990). Implications: Adaptation to both arid and favorable conditions can be combined into the same genotype. We have identified diagnostic DNA markers that are being applied to creation of such desirable genotypes. Simultaneous improvement of productivity (and/or quality) for both arid and irrigated conditions will require more extensive field testing and the manipulation of larger numbers of genes, reducing the expected rate of genetic gain These difficulties may be at least partly ameliorated by efficiencies gained through identification and use of diagnostic DNA markers. Genomic tools and approaches may expedite adaptation of crops to arid cultivation, help to test roles of additional physiological factors, and guide the isolation of the underlying genes that protect crop performance under arid conditions.

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