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1
Access Africa: Safaris for people with limited mobility. Chalfont St Peter: Bradt Travel Guides, 2009.
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2
Wall, Deborah. Access for all: Southwestern outdoor adventures for travelers with limited mobility. Los Angeles: New University Press LLC, 2014.
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3
Gruber, Jonathan. Limited insurance portability and job mobility: The effects of public policy on job-lock. Cambridge, MA (1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138): National Bureau of Economic Research, 1993.
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4
Gruber, Jonathan. Limited insurance portability and job mobility: The effects of public policy on job-lock. Cambridge, Mass: Dept. of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993.
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5
Allen, Mitchell, ed. California parks access: A complete guide to the state and national parks for visitors with limited mobility. Escondido, Calif: Cougar Pass Pub. Co., 1992.
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6
Halligan, Eugene P. A study of collagen abnormalities in subjects with limited joint mobility and their role in the development of diabetic complications. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.
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7
Bendall, Dr J. Limited Mobility in the Elderly. Arnold, 1994.
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8
Kness, Ron. Fitness For Senior Citizens With Limited Mobility: Don't Let Your Limited Mobility Stop You From Exercising! CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017.
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9
Ratcliffe, Doug. Lancashire's Easiest Walks: Suitable for Wheelchairs, Pushchairs and People with Limited Mobility. Sigma, 2011.
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10
Kundu, Anustup, and Kunal Sen. Multigenerational mobility in India. 32nd ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/970-9.
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Most studies of intergenerational mobility focus on adjacent generations, and there is limited knowledge about multigenerational mobility—that is, status transmission across three generations. We examine multigenerational educational and occupational mobility in India, using a nationally representative data set, the Indian Human Development Survey, which contains information about education and occupation for three generations. We find that mobility has increased over generations for education, but not for occupation. We also find that there are stark differences across social groups, with individuals belonging to socially disadvantaged communities in India lagging behind in social progress. Multigenerational mobility for Muslims in education and occupation have decreased in comparison to Hindus over the three generations. While we find that there is an increase in educational mobility for other disadvantaged groups such as Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes compared to General Castes, we do not find evidence of increased occupational mobility over the three generations.
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Steves, Rick, and Ken Plattner. Rick Steves' Easy Access Europe: A Guide for Travelers with Limited Mobility (Rick Steves). Avalon Travel Publishing, 2004.
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Steves, Rick. Rick Steves' Easy Access Europe: A Guide for Travelers with Limited Mobility (Rick Steves). Avalon Travel Publishing, 2006.
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13
Bernasco, Wim. Mobility and Location Choice of Offenders. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.17.
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This chapter analyzes the main topics and questions about offender mobility and crime location choice in terms of individual motivations, resources, constraints, and decisions. It begins with a brief overview of the four main frameworks that have been used to theorize offender mobility and crime location choice. This is followed by a characterization of general human mobility as a series of cyclical movements between a limited set of anchor points, and a review of two research initiatives that collected detailed spatial and temporal information on offender mobility. The subsequent section addresses the extent to which offenders plan and prepare their crimes. The chapter also discusses two core elements in crime pattern theory, namely the facilities that attract offenders and offenses (crime generators and attractors) and awareness space. The final section discusses the spatial unit of analysis in offender mobility and location choice.
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author, Sloane Jacob, ed. Everyday health and fitness with multiple sclerosis: Achieve your peak physical wellness while working with limited mobility. Fair Winds Press, an imprint of Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc., 2017.
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15
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India., ed. Consultation paper on policy issues relating to limited mobility by use of wireless in local loop techniques in the access network by basic service providers. [New Delhi: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, 2000.
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16
Pasto, James S. Immigrants and Ethnics. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040955.003.0005.
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This chapter presents post-World War II Italian immigration to Boston’s North End against tropes of mafia, racial conflict, and white flight in favor of analysis in terms of segmented assimilation and ethnic replenishment. It describes the following differential pattern: Italian immigrants replenished the Italian American population as younger immigrants “Italian Americanized” into the ethnic group; or, Italian immigrants “transnational Americanized” by maintaining a more linear Italian ethnicity. The former limited mobility and exposed the new immigrant to an oppositional culture; the latter enhanced mobility and limited contacts with the Italian American group. Transitional Italian Americans were thus well positioned to refashion the italianità of the neighborhood in conformity with post-War images of Italian culture and the gentrification of the “North End” into Boston’s “Little Italy.”
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Corsino, Louis. Did They Jump? University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038716.003.0004.
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For the greater part of the last century, Chicago Heights Italians found themselves on the wrong end of the cultural, political, and economic hierarchy in the city. This position made it extremely difficult for Italians to make recognizable gains in social mobility for themselves or their families. This chapter examines the collective mobilization strategies—labor organizing, mutual-aid societies, and ethnic entrepreneurship—that Chicago Heights Italians pursued in response to the diminished opportunities for mobility. Each collective mobilization was fueled by the social capital in the community. Each generated success stories. But each also came up against obstacles that limited their appeal in the Italian community.
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Yang, Sarah T., and Tariq M. Malik. Chronic Shoulder Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0009.
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Chronic shoulder pain has multiple etiologies, including tendon tears (rotator cuff or biceps tendon), subacromial impingement (leading to subacromial bursitis or tendinitis), osteoarthritis, and shoulder joint instability. The condition is often associated with limited mobility; therefore, most interventions aim at preserving range of motion. Among the various treatment modalities, physical therapy is an effective first intervention. Corticosteroid injections do not necessarily help all chronic shoulder pain but may allow effective physical therapy for functional improvement. Multimodal analgesics and modulating agents (anti-inflammatories, antiepileptics, etc.) can also be used as part of a conservative regimen. Surgery is recommended when conservative therapy fails.
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Godfrey, Barry, Pam Cox, Heather Shore, and Zoe Alker. After Care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788492.003.0006.
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Chapters 6 follows the children out of the institutional gate and into adulthood. It draws on rich personal evidence created through the ‘licence’ (or early release) system as well as census, military, employment, criminal justice, and local press records to track their subsequent journeys through life. The chapter focuses on the experiences of the majority who—to our knowledge—desisted from further offending. This group might be described as adolescent-limited offenders. The factors that seem likely to have contributed to their ‘successful’ reintegration are examined, and there is consideration of what that ‘success’ may have meant in terms of wider life chances and social mobility.
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Charry, Luisa, Pranav Gupta, and Vimal Thakoor. Introducing a Semi-Structural Macroeconomic Model for Rwanda. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0018.
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We develop a simple semi-structural model for the Rwandan economy to better understand the monetary policy transmission mechanism. A key feature of the model is the introduction of a modified uncovered interest parity condition to capture key structural features of Rwanda’s economy and policy framework, such as the limited degree of capital mobility and managed floating regime. A filtration of the observed data through the model allows us to illustrate the contribution of various factors to inflation dynamics and its deviations from the inflation target. Our results, consistent with evidence for other countries in the region, suggest that food and oil prices as well as the exchange rate have accounted for the bulk of inflation dynamics in Rwanda.
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Gulddal, Jesper, Alistair Rolls, and Stewart King, eds. Criminal Moves. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620580.001.0001.
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This book offers a major intervention into contemporary theoretical debates about crime fiction. Academic studies in the genre have historically been encumbered by a set of restrictive preconceptions, largely drawn from attitudes to popular fiction: that the genre does not warrant detailed critical analysis; that genre norms and conventions matter more than textual individuality; and that comparative or transnational perspectives are secondary to the study of the core British-American canon. This study challenges the distinction between literary and popular fiction and proposes that crime fiction, far from being static and staid, must be seen as a genre constantly violating its own boundaries. Centred on three axes of mobility, the essays present new, mobile reading practices that realize the genre’s full textual complexity, without being limited by the authoritative self-interpretations that crime narratives tend to provide. The book demonstrates how we can venture beyond the restrictive notions of ‘genre’, ‘formula’, ‘popular’ or ‘lowbrow’ to develop instead a concept of genre that acknowledges its mobility. Finally, it establishes a global and transnational perspective that challenges the centrality of the British-American tradition and recognizes that the global history of crime fiction is characterized, not by the existence of parallel, national traditions, but rather by processes of appropriation and transculturation.
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Shaibani, Aziz. Muscle Stiffness and Cramps. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199898152.003.0020.
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Muscle stiffness is a nonspecific term meaning limited muscle mobility that is not due to weakness. It is opposite to flexibility. Muscle and joint pain may be described as stiffness. Painful sustained muscle cramps are usually associated with muscle stiffness. A careful history is paramount. Exercise-induced muscle cramps are usually myopathic (metabolic or mitochondrial myopathy), while resting and nocturnal cramps are neurogenic (neuropathy, motor neuron disease, etc). Metabolic cramps are electrically silent. Focal or generalized stiffness is typically seen in stiff person syndrome. Upper motor neuron lesions are associated with spasticity and stiffness (HSP, PLS, myelopathies, etc.). Painful cramps and fasciculations are important clues to peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder, which may also present with neuromyotonia. Not unusually, no cause is found for muscle cramps and stiffness. Symptomatic treatment frequently helps.
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Shaibani, Aziz. Muscle Stiffness and Cramps. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0020.
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Muscle stiffness as a nonspecific term means limited muscle mobility. Muscle and joint pain may be described as stiffness. Painful, sustained muscle cramps are usually associated with muscle stiffness. A careful history is paramount. Exercise-induced muscle cramps are usually myopathic (metabolic or mitochondrial myopathy) while resting, and nocturnal cramps are neurogenic [neuropathy, motor neuron disease (MND), etc.]. Metabolic cramps are electrically silent. Focal or generalized stiffness is typically seen in stiff person syndrome (SPS). Upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions are associated with spasticity and stiffness [hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP), primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), myelopathies, etc.]. Painful cramps and fasciculation are important clues to peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder, which may also present with neuromyotonia. Not unusually, no cause is found for muscle cramps and stiffness. Symptomatic treatment frequently helps.
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Frawley, Geoff. Mucopolysaccharidoses. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0064.
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The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of seven chronic progressive diseases caused by deficiencies of 11 different lysosomal enzymes required for the catabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Hurler syndrome (MPS IH) is an autosomal recessive storage disorder caused by a deficiency of α-L-iduronidase. Hunter syndrome (MPS II) is an X-linked recessive disorder of metabolism involving the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase. Many of the MPS clinical manifestations have potential anesthetic implications. Significant airway issues are particularly common due to thickening of the soft tissues, enlarged tongue, short immobile neck, and limited mobility of the cervical spine and temporomandibular joints. Spinal deformities, hepatosplenomegaly, airway granulomatous tissue, and recurrent lung infections may inhibit pulmonary function. Odontoid dysplasia and radiographic subluxation of C1 on C2 is common and may cause anterior dislocation of the atlas and spinal cord compression.
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Lawrence, Ruth A., and Casey Rosen-Carole. Breastfeeding in the Context of Neurological Disorders. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0035.
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Lactation is the physiologic process of milk production and the completion of the pregnancy cycle. The goal for all pregnancies should be to support and encourage women to breastfeed, as the benefits to both mother and infant are well established. However, when managing pregnancy and lactation with a woman who also has a neurological disorder, it is essential to understand the impact on lactation of both the disease and the medications for treating the disease. Ideally disease control can be optimized and medications altered to reduce any negative influence on the mother or infant during lactation. Although neurologic disease does not typically interfere with breastfeeding, limited mobility, fatigue, decreased sensation, medications, and surgeries may add additional challenges for the breastfeeding woman with a neurologic condition. The goal of the neurologist, obstetrician, pediatrician, and lactation consultant should be to support and encourage breastfeeding, while minimizing the risk of medications for the infant.
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Portillo, Rafael. A Structural Analysis of the Determinants of Inflation in the CEMAC Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785811.003.0020.
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The author analyses inflation in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community. First, a semi-structural VAR is used to identify the sources of inflation empirically; the chapter finds that fiscal shocks and the commodity price shocks that generally drive them have been important sources of inflation volatility, with monetary policy passively accommodating. A DSGE model is then developed and calibrated to replicate the empirical findings and to study the implications of a more active monetary policy. This active policy would involve greater (sterilized) reserve accumulation, which under the plausible assumption of limited capital mobility can help contain equilibrium appreciation pressures and therefore inflation, but at the cost of crowding out the private sector. Attempting to use monetary policy to contain inflation under a fixed exchange rate has important drawbacks, which highlights the need to rely on fiscal policy for macro and price stability in these countries.
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Michel, Bonnet, and Aubertel Patrice, eds. La ville aux limites de la mobilité: [Actes du colloque organisé les 23, 24 et 25 juin 2004 au ministère de la recherche]. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2006.
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Herman, Mira, Amaresh Vydyanathan, and Allan L. Brook. Sacroiliac Joint Injections: Computed Tomography. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199908004.003.0039.
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Sacroiliac (SI) joint disease is a common cause of low back pain. It is not easily diagnosed by physical examination, as the joint has limited mobility and referral patterns are not sufficiently delineated from other pathological conditions implicated in low back pain. The accuracy of provocative testing of the sacroiliac joint is controversial. Many physicians use injection of the SI joint with local anesthetic and/or steroid as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in treating SI joint–related pain. Historically, SI joint intra-articular injections have been performed without imaging guidance. Imaging-guided techniques, often using CT fluoroscopy, increase the precision of these procedures and help confirm needle placement while achieving better results and reduced complications rates. Sacroiliac joint injection is routinely performed on an outpatient basis. The patient is questioned regarding previous steroid use (oral, cutaneous, or injected) to avoid iatrogenic Cushing syndrome. Repeat injections can be administered depending on patient’s response.
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Reisinger, Tessa L., and Amy Robinson Harrington. Contraception Options in Neurologic Disease. Edited by Emma Ciafaloni, Cheryl Bushnell, and Loralei L. Thornburg. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190667351.003.0003.
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Unplanned pregnancy has particular implications for women with chronic disease, including increased risk of adverse health events during pregnancy and potential impact on disease course or treatment options. While preventing unplanned pregnancy is especially important in this population, both medications and sequelae of chronic disease must be considered in choosing safe and effective contraceptive options. The US Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use were established to provide guidance on contraceptive use for women with various disease conditions; however, specific guidelines for many neurologic conditions are limited. This chapter reviews evidence and recommendations for contraception options in women with a wide range of neurologic conditions. Considerations include interactions with medications, the risk of venous thromboembolism in the setting of reduced mobility, and the impact of hormonal contraception on symptom frequency and disease progression. In many cases, long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods offer highly effective, well-tolerated contraception for women with neurologic disease.
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Brint, Steven, and Jerome Karabel. The Diverted Dream. Oxford University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195048155.001.0001.
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In the twentieth century, Americans have increasingly looked to the schools--and, in particular, to the nation's colleges and universities--as guardians of the cherished national ideal of equality of opportunity. With the best jobs increasingly monopolized by those with higher education, the opportunity to attend college has become an integral part of the American dream of upward mobility. The two-year college--which now enrolls more than four million students in over 900 institutions--is a central expression of this dream, and its invention at the turn of the century constituted one of the great innovations in the history of American education. By offering students of limited means the opportunity to start higher education at home and to later transfer to a four-year institution, the two-year school provided a major new pathway to a college diploma--and to the nation's growing professional and managerial classes. But in the past two decades, the community college has undergone a profound change, shifting its emphasis from liberal-arts transfer courses to terminal vocational programs. Drawing on developments nationwide as well as in the specific case of Massachusetts, Steven Brint and Jerome Karabel offer a history of community colleges in America, explaining why this shift has occurred after years of student resistance and examining its implications for upward mobility. As the authors argue in this exhaustively researched and pioneering study, the junior college has always faced the contradictory task of extending a college education to the hitherto excluded, while diverting the majority of them from the nation's four-year colleges and universities. Very early on, two-year college administrators perceived vocational training for "semi-professional" work as their and their students' most secure long-term niche in the educational hierarchy. With two thirds of all community college students enrolled in vocational programs, the authors contend that the dream of education as a route to upward mobility, as well as the ideal of equal educational opportunity for all, are seriously threatened. With the growing public debate about the state of American higher education and with more than half of all first-time degree-credit students now enrolled in community colleges, a full-scale, historically grounded examination of their place in American life is long overdue. This landmark study provides such an examination, and in so doing, casts critical light on what is distinctive not only about American education, but American society itself.
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Kölbel, Andrea. In Search of a Future. Edited by Meenakshi Thapan. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190124519.001.0001.
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In a conversation about youth agency, the most common discourses that come up are of acts of liberation, resistance, and deviance. However, this perspective is fairly narrow and runs the risk of reinforcing pervasive and often polarizing depictions of youth. In order to broaden the understanding of young people’s collective actions and their potential social implications, it is necessary to ask: What types of agency do young people demonstrate? This book aims to scrutinize some of the conceptual ideas that underlie prevalent visions of youth as agents of social change and as a source of hope for a better future. As a part of the Education and Society in South Asia series, it provides insightful accounts of students’ daily routines on and around a public university campus in Kathmandu, Nepal, and calls attention to a group of non-elite university students who have remained less visible in scholarly and public debates about student activism, youth unemployment, and international migration. By placing different strands of literature on youth, aspiration, and mobility into conversation, In Search of a Future unveils new and important perspectives on how young people navigate competing social expectations, educational inequalities, and limited job prospects.
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Sullivan, Maria, and Frances Levin, eds. Addiction in the Older Patient. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392063.001.0001.
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Addictive disorders in older adults are underdiagnosed and undertreated. An important reason for this lack of recognition of a serious health problem is a paucity of clinical knowledge about how such disorders present in this population. The presentation for alcohol and substance use disorders in the elderly can be confusing, given the metabolic changes and concurrent conditions associated with aging, together with interactions between alcohol and prescribed psychoactive drugs. Further, screening instruments have not been validated for this population. Brief interventions may be effective but should take into account contextual needs such as medical conditions, cognitive decline, and mobility limitations. Treatment strategies, including detoxification regimens, need to be modified for older patients and - in the case of opioid dependence - must address the management of chronic pain in this population. Ironically, benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed psychoactive medication in the elderly, despite older individuals' greater sensitivity to side effects and toxicity. Older women are at particularly heightened vulnerability for iatrogenic dependence on sedatives and hypnotics. More clinical research data are needed to inform screening and referral strategies, behavioral therapies, and pharmacological treatment. At the same time, emerging technologies such as communication tools and monitoring devices offer important opportunities to advance addiction treatment and recovery management in older adults. Although research to date has been limited in this population, recent data suggest that treatment outcomes are equal or better to those seen in younger cohorts.
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Hopkins, Ramona O., and James C Jackson. Cognitive Impairment Following Critical Illness. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0019.
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Millions of individuals each year survive critical illness, many of whom will develop post-intensive care syndrome which includes new or worsening impairments in physical, psychiatric, or cognitive functioning. Cognitive impairments are common in survivors of critical illness, are often severe, and persist years after hospital discharge. Cognitive impairments improve in some patients and, in others, appear stable over time, rather display a pattern of progressive decline. Cognitive impairment contributes to clinically significant functional decrements as well as decreased quality of life. The biological mechanisms of cognitive impairment are not well defined, although numerous risk factors have been identified. As the number of ICU survivors increases, there is a growing population of patients with cognitive impairments following critical illness, underscoring the need to address cognitive impairments through prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation. Interventions to prevent or reduce the severity of cognitive impairments (i.e. sedation, delirium, and early mobility protocols) need to be investigated. Although there are very limited examples in which rehabilitation is used in ICU populations, it may hold the potential to facilitate improvements in cognition, particularly among individuals with deficits in memory, attention, and executive functioning. Despite over a decade of focused investigation, fundamental questions pertaining to cognitive impairments after critical illness exist. Research is needed on methods to proactively identify those at risk for cognitive impairment and to develop methods which will robustly prevent and improve deficits in ICU survivors.
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Bose, Purnima. Without Osama. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038860.003.0008.
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Tere Bin Laden (2010), an Indian independent film in Hindi, written and directed by Abhishek Sharma, is a madcap comedy about an ambitious Pakistani journalist, Ali Hassan, who stages a fake video of Osama bin Laden as his golden ticket to immigrate to the United States. The film provides a trenchant critique of global media, the War on Terror, and the capitalist aspirations of lower-middle and middle-class Pakistanis. This chapter focuses on how Tere Bin Laden articulates a critique of the War on Terror. It first considers how the opening segments of the film set up its dual concerns with the nature of the U.S. national security state as a racial formation and with an idealized version of the American dream that constitutes the desire for upward mobility in the imagination of elite Pakistanis such as Ali. It then turns to the film's representation of the War on Terror and U.S. foreign policy to analyze how it draws on the speeches of the actual Osama bin Laden and spoofs the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan by literally rendering it into a cartoon. Evaluating the filmmaker's and lead actor's claims that the film provides a generalized South Asian perspective on the War on Terror, the chapter explores Tere Bin Laden's representation of Pakistani civil society as constituted by a range of classes and aspirations that can be persuaded to cooperate with one another only in limited ways and as existing in an uneasy equilibrium with the state.
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Whyman, Susan E. Hutton and the Priestley Riots. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797838.003.0008.
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Chapter 6 revisits the Priestley riots (1791) from the viewpoint of a victim, and finds causes concerning the wealth and power of rough diamonds. Birmingham’s print culture and attitudes to law also caused problems, as shown in hostility to Hutton’s role as a magistrate without legal training. Priestley’s influence on religious and political disputes is well known, but Hutton’s actions also triggered violence. His unpublished ‘Narrative of the Riots’ places him at the riots’ centre, and suggests an individual life can address larger questions. His story reveals unexpected self-education amidst industrialization, social mobility alongside poverty, and personal freedom amongst stark limits. The rags-to-riches tale of Hutton and Birmingham is widely admired. But the town’s fabled harmony was accompanied by conflict, and Hutton was never fully accepted. Despite his magnificent achievements, fear of the social mobility of rough diamonds persisted. Since he flaunted his ascent, no one could forget or forgive him. As he crossed the line between workers and masters, he sealed his own fate.
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Schmidt, Gregory A., and Kevin Doerschug. Promoting physical recovery in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0378.
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Survivors of critical illnesses are often faced with persistent neuromuscular weakness that interferes with daily activities. Advancements in survival from critical illness have led to a rise in the number of patients afflicted with post-intensive care unit (ICU) incapacity. It is clear that the pathology leading to ICU-acquired weakness is present within 24 hours of the start of ICU care. Care-givers must consider interventions to limit or reverse these processes from the onset of critical illness. We suggest strategies both for avoiding harms and for actively promoting recovery of skeletal and respiratory muscles. Muscular silence contributes to, while muscular activity alleviates, myopathy. Thus, limiting sedation and neuromuscular blockade will facilitate spontaneous muscle activity, and allow for active participation in physical therapy. Protocols that aggressively assess for the potential for extubation shorten the duration of ventilation and thus decrease exposure to sedation. Mobility teams should safely guide patients in their progress from a passive range of motion through more active therapies despite ongoing critical illness. Early ICU mobility is not only safe, but reduces the incidence of delirium and duration of mechanical ventilation. Importantly, early ICU mobility increases the likelihood of a return to independent function among ICU survivors. A change in culture from one that practices deep sedation and protective support is suggested, to one that demonstrates an urgency to liberate patients from the confines and perils of critical illness.
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Bailkin, Jordanna. Hard Core. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814214.003.0008.
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This chapter addresses how camps functioned as sites of rebellion and daily acts of resistance. As camps transitioned from military to civilian control, they developed conflicting regimes of discipline with competing definitions of physical and political freedom. Camp authorities and refugees struggled to determine whether refugees could enter and leave the camps freely, and if they could choose where and when to settle. The chapter considers how camp authorities sought to limit refugees’ freedoms and what rationales they offered—within a liberal democratic society—for these restrictions. In Britain, refugee camps dramatized the tensions around mobility (physical, social, and political) that characterize democratic states and selves.
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Taylor, Abbie, Nada Soudy, and Susan Martin. The Egyptian ‘Invasion’ of Kuwait. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190608873.003.0005.
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By virtue of their omnipresence and lived investment in the country, Egyptians are both heavily reliant upon and intrinsic to Kuwait, its citizenry, and its various forms of social, political, and economic production. In this chapter, drawing upon extensive interviews with Egyptians and Kuwaitis, we explore three main questions: How has Egyptian migration to Kuwait changed over time? In what ways do Egyptian migrants and their Kuwaiti hosts perceive and interact with one another against official ideology, and within the time limits placed on migrants’ lives in Kuwait? And what, if any, are the implications of political and socioeconomic instability in Egypt on the wellbeing and migration trajectories of Egyptian migrants in Kuwait? Implicit throughout the chapter is the framing paradox identified by Neha Vora in her study of the Indian diaspora in Dubai: namely, the ways in which Egyptians as impossible citizens suspended in a state of permanent temporariness experience, narrate and negotiate their existence in Kuwait. Lastly, we demonstrate ways in which Egyptians can and do navigate a degree of social and economic mobility in Kuwait, although these negotiations rarely succeed in extending or eroding the prejudices or existential time limits placed on their lives in Kuwait.
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Bischof, Christopher. Teaching Britain. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833352.001.0001.
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Teaching Britain examines teachers as key agents in the production of social knowledge. Teachers claimed intimate knowledge of everyday life among the poor and working class at home and non-white subjects abroad. They mobilized their knowledge in a wide range of mediums, from accounts of local happenings in their schools’ official log books to travel narratives based on summer trips around Britain and the wider world. Teachers also obsessively narrated and reflected on their own careers. Through these stories and the work they did every day, teachers imagined and helped to enact new models of professionalism, attitudes towards poverty and social mobility, ways of thinking about race and empire, and roles for the state. As highly visible agents of the state and beneficiaries of new state-funded opportunities, teachers also represented the largesse and the reach of the liberal state—but also the limits of both.
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Boyd, Herb. Under Press-ure. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0007.
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This chapter considers the role of the Black press and, to a more limited extent, the Latino press in Obama's campaign. Given his desire to transcend race and ethnicity yet his need to mobilize Black and Latino voters, this specialized press played a key role in the campaign. Before Obama became the forty-fourth President of the United States, his campaign was viewed in three major ways by the media: There were those who cheered him along; those uncertain what to make of him but who retained a tame, mainstream, “wait and see” perspective; and those whose views ranged from “critically supportive” to firmly opposed. Since his election, there has been little change in these assessments, though at this time there is a clearer delineation between those for and against Obama in the mainstream media as they gather a better understanding of his pragmatic tendencies on policy and issues.
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Hems, T. E. J. Reconstruction after nerve injury. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.006009.
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♦ Late reconstructive procedures may improve function if there is persisting paralysis after nerve injury♦ Transfer of a functioning musculotendinous unit to the tendon of the paralysed muscle is the most common type of procedure♦ Passive mobility must be maintained in affected joints before tendon transfer can be performed♦ The transferred muscle should be expendable, have normal power, and have properties appropriate to the function it is required to restore♦ Tendon transfers can provide reliable improvement in function after isolated radial nerve palsy♦ A number of procedures have been described for reconstruction of thumb opposition but impaired sensation after median nerve injury may limit gain in function♦ Tendon transfers are possible to improve clawing of fingers and lateral pinch of the thumb after ulnar nerve palsy or other cases of intrinsic paralysis.
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Beauchamps, Marie. Modelling the self, creating the other: French denaturalisation law on the brink of World War II1. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526107459.003.0011.
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Adding a historical note to a practice that has recently garnered renewed attention, this chapter looks at the policy of denaturalisation in France at the beginning of World War II. Denaturalisation law as a juridical political discourse centres on the deprivation of citizenship; it draws on security rhetoric in order to rewrite the limits of inclusion and exclusion regarding citizenship and is a means to model the national community. Based on archival material collected at the French National Archives, the chapter argues that denaturalisation law is at the core of the security/mobility dynamic: emphasising a fear of movement on the one hand, and the operationalisation of adaptable juridical practices on the other hand, denaturalisation interrupts our capacity of dissent while fixing the means to govern beyond democratic control. The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the politics of nationality where notions of selfhood and otherness are being shaped, mobilised and transformed.
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Cogato Lanza, Elena, Farzaneh Bahrami, Simon Berger, and Luca Pattaroni, eds. Post-Car World. MetisPresses, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37866/0563-73-9.
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Et si le monde urbain était un monde sans voiture? Post-Car World tente de répondre à cette interrogation dans le contexte de la transition énergétique, à l’heure où la mobilité des biens, des personnes et du vivant constitue l’enjeu autour duquel reconfigurer les espaces urbains. La question s’impose avec une urgence particulière dans la ville-territoire: cette ville dispersée et à basse densité, encore largement dépendante de l’usage de la voiture et oubliée des politiques de mobilité alternatives. En considérant le cas de la métropole lémanique, les auteurs développent une lecture cartographique, photographique et statistique de son évolution durant le siècle de la voiture, pour ensuite la faire résonner avec une analyse des changements de comportement à l’oeuvre dans les villes européennes, afin de saisir les leviers permettant de renverser le paradigme fonctionnel qui a façonné les territoires à l’échelle globale. De même que la sédimentation des siècles qui ont précédé la voiture a servi de support à un habitat motorisé – la rupture technique n’ayant bouleversé ni les maillages viaires, ni le réseau de noyaux villageois – la métropole post-car se modèlera elle aussi, telle un palimpseste, sur les structures matérielles, les pratiques sociales et les imaginaires, en plein bouleversement, du présent. Croisant les regards de l’architecture, de la sociologie et de l’urbanisme, l’expérimentation méthodologique restituée dans cet ouvrage débouche sur quatre visions prospectives, articulées en autant de mises en fiction. Face à l’accélération des multiples transitions qui affectent les villes, les disciplines de l’espace et de la société ne peuvent que partager l’obligation de redéfinir les limites du pensable, en affûtant les techniques de vision et de production du futur. Préface de Jacques Lévy. Avec les contributions de Vincent Kaufmann, Emmanuel Ravalet et Alexandre Rigal.
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Cinotto, Simone. The Contested Table. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037733.003.0001.
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This chapter examines the conflict over food that pitted New York-born Italians against their immigrant parents during the period 1920–1930. It begins with a discussion of how food became a symbol of both domesticity and ethnicity for Italian Americans in East Harlem by focusing on the domestic conflicts that arose between first- and second-generation Italian immigrants, and particularly the food conflicts in the immigrant home. It then explores the factors that fueled the clash of values and tastes between immigrant children and their parents, including the former's fascination for a modern popular culture that disregarded immigrant ways of life as backward and inferior, and the parents' desire to own a home—which meant mobilizing all of a family's resources, including children's paychecks—and sacrificing other investments in social mobility such as education. It also considers how food and food rituals were used in the construction of the Italian American family, with its emphasis on solidarity, strong gender roles, a commitment to work, suspicion toward abstract ideas, and an appreciation of the limits of happiness.
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Thiess, Derek J. Sport and Monstrosity in Science Fiction. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786942227.001.0001.
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Sport and Monstrosity in Science Fiction examines fantastic representations of sport in science fiction, both cataloguing this almost entirely unexamined literary tradition and arguing that the reason for its neglect reflects a more widespread social suspicion of the athletic body as monstrous. Combining scholarship of monstrosity with a biopolitically focused philosophy of embodiment, this work plumbs the depths of our abjection of the athletic body and challenges us to reconsider sport as an intersectional space. In this latter endeavour it contradicts the image presented by both the most dystopian films such as Deathrace and Rollerball as well as social criticism of sport that limits its focus to an essentially violent masculinity. The book traces an alternative tradition of sport sf through authors as diverse as Arthur C. Clarke, Steven Barnes, and Joan Slonczewski, exploring the way the intersectional categories of gender, race, and age in these works are negotiated in, for example, a solar wind sailing race or futuristic anti-gravity boxing. These complex athletic bodies display the social mobility that sport allows and challenge us to acknowledge our own monstrously animal bodies and our place in a “cycle of living and dying.”
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Clift, Ben. Analysing the IMF Surveillance of Advanced Economies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813088.003.0004.
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After addressing the scope and limits of Fund autonomy, this chapter identifies the sources of the IMF’s power to speak with intellectual authority about economic policy. It then analyses conditions of possibility for the Fund’s exercising intellectual authority and influencing advanced economies. It finds that the institution’s ability to achieve this is contingent upon the Fund’s ability to frame policy advice in a way which resonates with policymakers, as well as its ability to mobilize its scientific expertise, knowledge bank, and mandate in a given policy context. Between 2007 and 2009, the Fund’s crisis (and crisis legacy) narrative resonated widely with national authorities. Yet from 2010 onwards the Fund proved something of an outlier in contemporary fiscal policy thinking. Many advanced economies chose not to take up the growth-supporting fiscal policy opportunities the Fund sought to carve out.
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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Graphene. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0012.
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Chapter 12 introduces Graphene, which is a two-dimensional “Dirac-like” material in the sense that its energy spectrum resembles that of a relativistic electron/positron (hole) described by the Dirac equation (having zero mass in this case). Its device-friendly properties of high electron mobility and excellent sensitivity as a sensor have attracted a huge world-wide research effort since its discovery about ten years ago. Here, the associated retarded Graphene Green’s function is treated and the dynamic, non-local dielectric function is discussed in the degenerate limit. The effects of a quantizing magnetic field on the Green’s function of a Graphene sheet and on its energy spectrum are derived in detail: Also the magnetic-field Green’s function and energy spectrum of a Graphene sheet with a quantum dot (modelled by a 2D Dirac delta-function potential) are thoroughly examined. Furthermore, Chapter 12 similarly addresses the problem of a Graphene anti-dot lattice in a magnetic field, discussing the Green’s function for propagation along the lattice axis, with a formulation of the associated eigen-energy dispersion relation. Finally, magnetic Landau quantization effects on the statistical thermodynamics of Graphene, including its Free Energy and magnetic moment, are also treated in Chapter 12 and are seen to exhibit magnetic oscillatory features.
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Pollack, Detlef, and Gergely Rosta. South Korea. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801665.003.0017.
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In South Korea, the processes of rapid modernization after the Second World War were accompanied by an upturn in the religion that has suffered the heaviest losses in Europe: Protestant Christianity. The analysis shows that the rise of Protestantism in South Korea can be attributed to a number of factors. The provision of support networks of solidarity for individuals exposed to the rapid processes of modernization, industrialization, and urbanization played just as much a role as the productive acceptance of widespread expectations of advancement and prosperity, the link to the traditions of Korean folk religion, the capacity to mobilize resources, and the role-model effect of successful Protestant elites. What may have been most significant, though, is that Protestantism was able to fulfil non-religious functions, too. However, religious growth has clearly reached a limit, since connecting with religious communities to achieve non-religious goals seems to be becoming less necessary.
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Kedhar, Anusha. Flexible Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840136.001.0001.
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Flexible Bodies charts the emergence of British South Asian dance as a distinctive dance genre. Analyzing dance works, dance films, rehearsals, workshops, and touring alongside immigration policy, arts funding initiatives, citizenship discourse, and global economic conditions, author Anusha Kedhar traces shifts in British South Asian dance from 1990s Cool Britannia multiculturalism to fractious race relations in the wake of the July 7, 2005, terrorist attacks to economic fallout from the 2008 global financial crisis, and, finally, to anti-immigrant rhetoric leading up to the Brexit referendum in 2016. Drawing on more than a decade of ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with dancers, in-depth choreographic analysis of major dance works, and the author’s own lived experiences as a professional dancer in London, Flexible Bodies tells the story of British South Asian dancers and the creative ways in which they negotiate the demands of neoliberal, multicultural dance markets through an array of flexible bodily practices, including agility, versatility, mobility, speed, and risk-taking. Attending to pain, injury, and other restrictions on movement, it also reveals the bodily limits of flexibility. Theorizing flexibility as material and metaphor, the book argues that flexibility is both a tool of labor exploitation and a bodily tactic that British South Asian dancers exploit to navigate volatile economic and political conditions. With its unique focus on the everyday aspects of dancing and dance-making Flexible Bodies honors the lives and labor of dancers and their contributions to a distinct and dynamic sector of British dance.
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Warren, Aiden, and Damian Grenfell, eds. Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention in the 21st Century. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423816.001.0001.
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Rethinking Humanitarian Interventions in the 21st Century examines the complex ethics and politics of humanitarian intervention since the end of the Cold War. These 12 essays focus on the challenges associated with interventions, conflict and attendant human rights violations, unmitigated and systematic violence, state re-building, and issues associated with human mobility and dislocation. In a context where layers to conflict are so complex and fluid, it is difficult to imagine one book could ‘rethink interventions’ to the extent that is required. Nevertheless, a contribution to debates can be made. In this collection, important choices were made in terms of how to bring a collection together that allows for the richness as well as maintaining coherence. The task of ‘rethinking’ has meant many of the chapters are underpinned by critical theory with structures of power and the ends that they are deployed to serve never far from discussion. Overall, the chapters in this book address three central themes pertaining to the evolution of 1) humanitarian interventions in a global era; 2) the limits of sovereignty and the ethics of interventions; and the 3) politics of post-intervention (re-)building and humanitarian engagement. As such, they provide a valuable contribution to academics, students, instructors and intellectual communities engaged in research pertaining to humanitarianism, conflict and interventions and different conceptions of security and international relations, and who agree that the present challenges require a basic rethinking of interventions.