Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Limited execution'
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Souply, Marc. "Un système d'aide à la décision pour les négoces de matériaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC204.
This thesis describes the implementation of a decision support system for the material trade. It describes the industrial context in which this trade operates, and justifies the two key areas where significant improvements can be made: demand prediction and replenishment optimization. Existing solutions in these two areas are explored, and the applicability of recent Industry 4.0 methods is discussed. It appears that small and medium-sized industries have neither the need nor the means to deploy Big Data models. For these reasons, this work proposes processes that save computing power, blending well-known traditional methods with more recent concepts to circumscribe forecasts and replenishments around what really matters for the material trade: reliable results on key products, obtained within realistic operational timescales. For these reasons, the study relies mainly on experiments such as forecasting with automated seasonality extraction and upstream selection of the best predictive model from four: the ARIMAX model, the random forest, the LSTM and a moving average. Optimization, on the other hand, is accelerated by a sequence of resolution methods supported by early-stopping and warm-start, while taking into account the numerous constraints specific to this trading field. Four optimization methods are compared: a greedy algorithm, a quadratic solver, simulated annealing and a genetic algorithm
Bachmann, Aaron Michael. "Union Deserter Executions and the Limits of State Authority." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626519.
Gonçalves, Leonardo de Mello. "Limites da autoexecutoriedade do poder de polícia." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8980.
The goal of this work is to do an analysis of the administrative act self execution, verifying the hypothesis and the limits for its usage, in the context of redefining Administrative Law according to Democratic State of Law and fundamental rights. It is easy to notice that a referring point appears more intensively in police power actions which are the disciplinary administrative functions of citizens liberty and properties. Those functions rule their lives in their communities by imposing limits (what not to do) and enforcing duties (what to do) in a preventing or repressive way. It means that Administration itself can, on its own, execute police actions, without having to recur to juridical procedures. The application of self execution by Administration does not mean a violation of Judiciary inseparability principle that is showed in the 5th article 35th item of the 1988 Federal Constitution because the subject can appeal to impede it or even cancel the action. Moreover in case of overpowering or non accordance with the conditions to perform such action it can be suspended or canceled. The fact is that Administration executes administrative function and so it must satisfy public interests (of the community) and not interests or preferences of its own organization or state agents. Therefore self execution or any other related items are only instruments to be used to achieve public interests by observing the right opportunity and the right measure to do it. Concluding, in a Democratic State of Law, similar to that followed in Brazil, the Federal Constitution presents a normative system of duties attribution which leads the state work. And there are also limits for that work based on the list of rights and fundamental guarantees that represents citizens protection. Finding limits to state work and not allow that it can affect citizens rights and guarantees is a necessary action to show the state fair actuation and to impede the violation of fundamental rights that were hardly achieved
O objetivo do presente trabalho é a análise da autoexecutoriedade do ato administrativo, investigando as hipóteses e os limites para sua utilização, dentro de um contexto de redefinição do Direito Administrativo, à luz do Estado Democrático de Direito e dos direitos fundamentais. Fácil é perceber que referido atributo se apresenta com maior intensidade no exercício do poder de polícia, que é a parcela da função administrativa disciplinadora da liberdade e da propriedade dos indivíduos, adequando-as à vida em sociedade, mediante a imposição de limites (deveres de não fazer) e encargos (deveres de fazer), de modo preventivo ou repressivo. Isso significa que a própria Administração pode, por si mesma, executar a pretensão traduzida no ato de polícia, sem necessidade de buscar as vias judiciais para obtê-la. A utilização da autoexecutoriedade pela Administração não implica, de forma alguma, em violação ao princípio da inafastabilidade do Judiciário, fixado no art.5°, inciso XXXV, da Constituição Federal de 1988, pois o administrado pode a ele recorrer para, conforme o caso, impedi-la ou sustá-la, diante do abuso ou da inobservância das condições para a presença desse atributo. É que a Administração exerce função administrativa e, em consequência, está adstrita a satisfazer interesses públicos, ou seja, interesses de outrem (a coletividade) e não interesses ou conveniências de seu próprio organismo e, muito menos, o dos agentes estatais. Assim, a autoexecutoriedade ou quaisquer outras prerrogativas são apenas instrumentais utilizados se, quando e na medida indispensável para atingir os interesses públicos. Enfim, num Estado Democrático de Direito, como o brasileiro, a Constituição Federal apresenta um sistema normativo de atribuição de competências para a atuação estatal, existindo, também, limitações a essa atuação, justamente com o rol (não-exaustivo) dos direitos e garantias fundamentais que servem de proteção aos cidadãos. Encontrar os limites da atuação do Estado que esbarram naqueles direitos e garantias é tarefa necessária para encontrar a justa medida da atuação do Estado e afastar a violação de direitos fundamentais arduamente conquistados
Aburachid, Frederico José Gervasio. "Função normativa do executivo e seus limites: a legística aplicada ao Direito Ambiental." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/BUOS-8Y9NX8.
Os limites da função normativa exercida pelo Executivo são matéria de grande polêmica, principalmente quando se discute a elaboração e aplicação de normas afetas ao subsistema do Direito Ambiental. Além das leis formais, o Direito Ambiental contempla mais de 15 (quinze) tipos de atos normativos, tais como Decretos, Resoluções, Deliberações Normativas, Portarias, Instruções etc. Esses atos normativos regulam o uso e a fruição da propriedade, assim como limitam o exercício de atividades econômicas e a exploração de recursos naturais etc. A Administração Pública está cada vez mais presente na integração dos sistemas normativos, editando atos gerais e abstratos antes reservados apenas à lei formal. A despeito dessa realidade, o Direito Administrativo tradicional (presente na maioria dos Manuais dos Cursos de Graduação em Direito) conserva as bases teóricas fundadas em conceitos rígidos de princípio da legalidade e tripartição do Poder Estatal. Nesse sentido, não são poucos os intérpretes, dentre os quais Advogados, Juizes de Direito, Promotores de Justiça e Professores Universitários, que defendem a ideia de que, ao Executivo, é defeso inovar em direitos e obrigações. Desse modo, a pesquisa ocupa-se de um tema extremamente atual, qual seja a definição dos limites dessa prefalada função normativa desempenhada pelo Executivo, notadamente no subsistema do Direito Ambiental brasileiro. Por fim, este trabalho aponta o instrumental da Legística, domínio do conhecimento que estuda a qualidade das normas postas, como forma de se obter a justificação racional no processo elaborativo dos atos normativos ambientais, passando pela releitura do princípio da legalidade e da separação das funções estatais para o respaldo de suas conclusões.
Ferreira, Ana Lúcia Tavares. "Indulto e sistema penal: limites, finalidades e propostas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7466.
As a heritage of monarchical prerrogative, the presidential pardon has been restricted, put on statutory basis or even abolished in some modern States. However, it survived centuries of radical political change and is still frequently used by heads of States for many political purposes. Nevertheless, its necessary to make a distinction between legitimate legal limits and theoretical unjustified restrictions. This work addresses the presidential pardon power, specially the collective pardon, in the modern democratic rule of law States and its relation to basic statements of modern Constitutions. The theme is developed from a constitutional perspective, in order to identify the pardon limits and possibilities in the rule of law State. Although many see the collective pardons as a violation of the institutional separation of powers, this analyse will try to question that interpretation and its consequences, seeking to review the standard model by which executive pardon should be restricted to exceptional and unique situations. The core idea is to point precisely the limits to legitimated use of executive pardon in our criminal system and, based on the answers to those questions, list some situations as guiding models to the future use of collective pardon power.
Friesen, Allyson Dawn. "Limited access, exploring the barriers to executive style graduate degree programs for women of childbearing age." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64767.pdf.
Proctor, G. R. B. "'A panacea for all ills?' : the role of the non-executive director in the limited company." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420866.
Blair, James. "Modelling approaches for optimal liquidation under a limit-order book structure." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-approaches-for-optimal-liquidation-under-a-limitorder-book-structure(a7c23b2a-e2f8-4b4a-9865-8783d9837198).html.
Bowling, Alexandra J. "Emotional Interference: The Impact of Task-relevant Emotional Stimuli on Cognitive Performance." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1429958352.
Kasuya, Yuko. "The presidential connection : party system instability and executive term limits in the Philippines /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3159873.
Predoiu, Silviu Nicolae. "Optimal Execution in a General One-Sided Limit-Order Book and Endogenous Dynamic Completeness of Financial Models." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2011. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/115.
Bogren, Patrik, and Isak Kristola. "Exploring the use of call stack depth limits to reduce regression testing costs." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för data- och systemvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-43166.
Petutschnig, Matthias. "Regulatory Compensation Limits and Business Performance - Evidence from the National Football League." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, Universität Wien, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5564/1/SSRN%2Did2972655.pdf.
Series: WU International Taxation Research Paper Series
Lallinger, Stefan. "Madison, Hamilton, and Reagan: The Limits of Executive Power in Foreign Policy and the Reagan Intervention in Nicaragua." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1324.
Boldrini, Rodrigo Pires da Cunha. "Garantias de direitos e separação dos poderes. No Brasil atual, o princípio da separação dos poderes opõe limites à garantia de direitos sociais pelo judiciário contra omissões do executivo?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2134/tde-27082013-141654/.
No Brasil pós-1988, o princípio da separação dos Poderes não impede que o Poder Judiciário garanta direitos sociais contra omissões inconstitucionais do Poder Executivo. A Constituição, entendida como fruto da cultura dos povos, como documento político fundamental e como norma jurídica superior, permite que se conceba a separação de Poderes como um princípio de garantia aos direitos sociais. Consagra, também, um Judiciário independente e harmônico, entendido como um fator real de poder, capaz de, no exercício da sua competência político-constitucional, assegurar direitos sociais, em cumprimento à Constituição e ao próprio princípio da separação dos Poderes.
Ronan, Jim. "A resolution without resolve how the War Powers Resolution has failed to limit the powers of the presidency /." Click here for download, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1495953611&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
DiPaolo, Amanda. "The separation of powers : a framework for guiding judicial decision making when the executive limits individual liberties during armed hostilities." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available, full text:, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
Zinke, Katharina, Melanie Zeintl, Anne Eschen, Carole Herzog, and Matthias Kliegel. "Potentials and Limits of Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training in Old-Old Age." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-134747.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
Zinke, Katharina, Melanie Zeintl, Anne Eschen, Carole Herzog, and Matthias Kliegel. "Potentials and Limits of Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training in Old-Old Age." Karger, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27594.
Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
Faria, Eunice Silvia de. "A atuação do estado na implementação/execução da política pública de assistência social: limites e possibilidades no âmbito das regionais da SEDESE em MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2017. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/5890.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objeto a implementação da PNAS/SUAS, através da análise da atuação da SEDESE/Diretorias Regionais no estado de Minas Gerais, no período de 2007 a 2014. Para tanto, realizamos estudo bibliográfico, análise documental das atas do CEAS e decretos atinentes à temática, além de pesquisa de campo com os sujeitos atuantes neste âmbito – Diretores Regionais e Técnicos de Nível Superior. Constatamos que as Diretorias Regionais atuam no sentido do cumprimento de seu papel enquanto ente estadual regionalizado, porém que lhe faltam maior suporte para exercer em plenitude as suas atribuições, sendo os grandes gargalos a centralização das ações no nível central e a falta de aportes financeiros para melhoria das condições de trabalho, para que haja mais permanência de trabalhadores e maior capacidade de realização de assessoramento técnico nos municípios, atualmente a maior frente de trabalho dessas estruturas. Notou-se a partir de 2015, ano em que houve a inserção dos Técnicos de Nível Superior nas Diretorias, que passou a existir um esforço maior de escuta e de diálogo visando o fortalecimento dessas regionais. Através da análise das atas do CEAS constatou-se ainda que o estado de Minas Gerais trabalha muito proativamente em relação à política nacional de assistência social, destacando-se em diversos aspectos, como no cofinanciamento da política, grande desafio devido à extensão do estado, que agrupa um quinto dos municípios do país, e no assessoramento técnico, aderindo à propostas nacionais de capacitação, realizando oficinas e cursos regionalizados, o que facilita muito a adesão dos municípios e a relação de mais proximidade com a esfera pública estatal. Em relação à implementação da PNAS/SUAS constatamos que em Minas Gerais houve grande esforço na perspectiva da materialização desta política, que se expressa através da estruturação das instâncias de gestão, pactuação e deliberação, da implantação dos equipamentos e execução dos principais programas, projetos e benefícios socioassistenciais.
This research aims to implement the PNAS/SUAS, through the analysis of the work of SEDESE/Diretorias Regionais do Estado de Minas Gerais, from 2007 to 2014. For that, we did a bibliographic study, documentary analysis of the CEAS and decrees related to this theme, as well as field research with the subjects involved in this area – Regional Directors and Technical Higher Level. We find out that the Regional Directories act in the sense of fulfilling their role as a regionalized state entity, however they lack greater support to fully exercise their attributions, the major obstacles being the centralization of actions and the lack of financial contributions to improvement of working conditions, so that there is more permanence of workers and greater capacity of accomplishment of technical advice in the cities, currently the biggest work front of these Directorships. It was noticed from 2015, when the Higher Education Technicians were inserted in the Boards of directors, there was a greater effort of listening and discussion aimed at the strengthening of these regional ones. Through the analysis of the minutes of the CEAS, it was also observed that the Minas Gerais’s work is very proactive in relation to the national politics of social assistance, standing out in several aspects, such as the cofinancing of the policy, immense challenge due to the extension of the state, which groups a fifth part of the cities in the country, and technical advice, adhering to national training proposals, doing regional workshops and courses, which is much easier to the adhesion of towns and closer relationship to the state government. Regarding the implementation of PNAS/SUAS, we have seen that in Minas Gerais there was a huge effort to make it works, through the structuring of the management, pacing and deliberation instances, the implementation of the equipments and execution of the main plans, projects and social assistance benefits.
Massa, Rubens Mussolin. "Alheios ao risco: influências das falhas de julgamento dos empreendedores na avaliação de oportunidades." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13502.
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Estudos passados demonstram que empreendedores, ao contrário do que se imaginava, não diferem de outros decisores quanto a sua propensão ao risco; porém, diferem quanto à percepção deste. Sabendo que a percepção varia entre os indivíduos, é objetivo deste estudo entender a relação entre os vieses cognitivos, a percepção de risco e a avaliação de oportunidades, partindo da premissa de que estes são, ao menos em parte, responsáveis por esta variação entre os indivíduos. O trabalho faz uma revisão da literatura da racionalidade limitada e do julgamento sob incerteza, abordando em especial a pesquisa em cognição empreendedora e percepção do risco, buscando estabelecer conexões teóricas entre elas. Em consonância com outros trabalhos da área, empiricamente o trabalho se desenvolveu através de pesquisa quantitativa utilizando surveys aplicados a micro e pequenos empreendedores, com respostas utilizadas em um modelo de equações estruturais que testou a influência dos vieses cognitivos na percepção de risco do empreendedor, influenciando sua avaliação de oportunidades. Os resultados, em dissonância com outros trabalhos acadêmicos sobre o tema, demonstram que apesar da hipótese de que a baixa percepção de risco do empreendedor está associada com uma avaliação mais positiva de oportunidades ser aceita, as demais, referentes a influência dos vieses cognitivos na avaliação de oportunidades e à mediação da percepção de risco na relação entre os vieses cognitivos e a avaliação de oportunidades, demonstraram-se em sua maioria não conclusivas, sendo uma delas rejeitada.
Olds, Michael. "The stream cannot rise above its source: The principle of responsible government informing a limit on the ambit of the Executive Power of the Commonwealth." Thesis, Olds, Michael (2016) The stream cannot rise above its source: The principle of responsible government informing a limit on the ambit of the Executive Power of the Commonwealth. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35674/.
Čapková, Barbora. "Porovnání české společnosti s ručením omezeným a jejího založení a vzniku s Gesellschaft mit beschrankten Haftung (GmbH) v SRN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-197257.
Novais, Maria Elisa Cesar. "A tutela executiva nas ações coletivas em defesa do consumidor: as iniciativas e as estratégias dos legitimados para viabilizar a efetividade dos interesses individuais homogêneos nas execuções coletivas frente aos limites interpretativos impostos pelo poder judiciário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-10012014-165521/.
The effectiveness of the jurisdictional provision is the most important activity of jurisdiction. The simple declaration of a right is not enough, if you can not enjoy it. In the case of class actions, the effectiveness is the answer to the pacification of large range social conflicts. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of a class action is a major challenge both the judiciary as the public and private entities those can file a class action, in view of the difficulties that arise in the legislation, allowing for different interpretations and that, sometimes, cause the detriment of collective defense. This paper, based on empirical data on the experience of a kind of private entity that can file a class action non-governmental organization and through structured research that establishes the cases on the subject, aims to raise sensitive issues for the low effectiveness of courts judgments in class action. Tender points emphasized are the subject of discussion and theorizing, with the goal of presenting paths and deep trouble for the effectiveness of collective defense, without claiming to provide solutions to such problems, but the idea of some referrals, seeking experience in Comparative Law. It is concluded, essentially, that the path to the effectiveness of collective class action goes through the collective enforcement by supervisory writ, that need to be worked by public and private entities those can file a class action and better appreciated and understood by the judiciary.
Farooqi, Aijaz. "School-age outcomes of children born at the limit of viability : a Swedish national prospective follow-up study at 10 to 12 years." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Clinical Science, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1031.
Hejlová, Veronika. "Osobní a kapitálové společnosti - účetní a daňové souvislosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359792.
Iuga, Relu Adrian. "Modélisation et analyse statistique de la formation des prix à travers les échelles, Market impact." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1090/document.
The development of organized electronic markets induces a constant pressure on academic research in finance. A central issue is the market impact, i.e. the impact on the price of a transaction involving a large amount of shares over a short period of time. Monitoring and controlling the market impact is of great interest for practitioners; its modeling and has thus become a central point of quantitative finance research. Historically, stochastic calculus gradually imposed in finance, under the assumption that the price satisfies a diffusive dynamic. But this assumption is not appropriate at the level of ”price formation”, i.e. when looking at the fine scales of market participants, and new mathematical techniques are needed as the point processes. The price (last trade, mid-price) appears as events on a discrete network, the order book, at very short time scales (milliseconds). The Brownien motion becomes rather a macroscopic description of the complex price formation process. In the first chapter, we review the properties of electronic markets. We recall the limit of diffusive models and introduce the Hawkes processes. In particular, we make a review of the market impact research and present this thesis advanced. In the second part, we introduce a new model for market impact model at continuous time and living on a discrete space using process Hawkes. We show that this model that takes into account the market microstructure and it is able to reproduce recent empirical results as the concavity of the temporary impact. In the third chapter, we investigate the impact of large orders on the price formation process at intraday scale and at a larger scale (several days after the meta-order execution). Besides, we use our model to discuss stylized facts discovered in the database. In the fourth part, we focus on the non-parametric estimation for univariate Hawkes processes. Our method relies on the link between the auto-covariance function and the kernel process. In particular, we study the performance of the estimator in squared error loss over Sobolev spaces and over a certain class containing "very'' smooth functions
Majtanová, Marie. "Optimalizace výplaty příjmů společníků a jednatelů od obchodní společnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223081.
Rep, Thomas. "Die Eignung der insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsprüfung nach § 19 InsO als Instrument der Insolvenzprophylaxe unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der mittelständischen GmbH." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-114993.
Novotná, Eliška. "Porovnání české společnosti s ručením omezeným a jejího založení a vzniku s Gesellschaft mit beschrankten Haftung (GmbH) v SRN." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114227.
Jumelle-Paulet, Delphine. "La part de l’irrationnel dans les processus de sélection des futurs dirigeants des grandes entreprises françaises." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020088/document.
The purpose of this research work is to investigate how irrationality plays a significant role in selecting top executives in French corporates. Upon an in-depth review of the making of top executives in France at the beginning of the 21st century, it appears that a Cartesian rationale still prevails, based on the sheer belief that conscience and reason must be the unique dimensions used in selecting, promoting, and thus, perpetuating elites, from the early school years to the appointment of the C-suite in large organisations. Three theories are central in this research work: the agency theory, the upper echelon theory, as well as the bounded rationality theory. Combining them in an integrative conceptual framework allows to understand how strong rational patterns might be affected by forms and mechanisms of irrationality all along the process of identifying and developing future leaders to the more significant moment when they are appointed. Ultimately, the outcome of this research work shows that the model of « transcendent leadership » seems more effective than others to address the challenges of identifying and selecting executives in modern organisations. This leads to examining how to build more robust systems of executive selection at three levels of progress: (a) underlying values and patterns of leadership, (b) assessment tools and processes and (c) conscious acceptance of irrationality as a significant part of talent and executive spotting and development
Rep, Thomas. "Die Eignung der insolvenzrechtlichen Überschuldungsprüfung nach § 19 InsO als Instrument der Insolvenzprophylaxe unter spezieller Berücksichtigung der mittelständischen GmbH." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag der Technischen Universität Chemnitz, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A19911.
Красицька, Л. В., L. V. Krasytska, Л. В. Красицкая, and ORCID: http://orcid org/0000-0002-9187-4445. "Проблеми здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей : дис." Thesis, Вінниця, 2015. http://dspace.univd.edu.ua/xmlui/handle/123456789/943.
Дисертацію присвячено дослідженню відносин, що складаються у процесі здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей. Визначено основні теоретико-методологічні засади здійснення та захисту прав батьків і дітей. Розроблено загальнотеоретичні положення та засади здійснення і захисту прав батьків і дітей, обґрунтовано діяльнісну концепцію здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей. Визначено поняття «батьківські права», їхню правову природу для з’ясування особливостей їх здійснення та захисту. Обґрунтовано, що здійснення особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей як процес реалізації правомочностей, що складають зміст сімейних прав, включає сукупність елементів, які складають механізм здійснення особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей, факультативною стадією якого є захист прав батьків і дітей. Досліджено такі елементи механізму здійснення прав батьків і дітей, як юридичні факти як підстави виникнення прав батьків і дітей, суб’єктивні права матері, батька і дитини, форми здійснення, способи здійснення, суб’єкти здійснення, принципи здійснення, межі здійснення прав матері, батька і дитини. Розроблено доктринальне тлумачення основних правових категорій та понять механізму здійснення та захисту особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей. Виявлено теоретичні та практичні проблеми здійснення та захисту прав батьків і дітей, запропоновано шляхи їх усунення. Визначено зміст особистих та майнових прав батьків і дітей і розглянуто особливості їх здійснення. Обґрунтовано положення щодо розвитку організаційноправових форм захисту прав батьків і дітей, з’ясовано основні способи їх захисту і розроблено пропозиції щодо удосконалення сімейного законодавства України у цій сфері з урахуванням процесів гармонізації та уніфікації сімейного законодавства України із відповідними нормами міжнародного права.
The doctoral thesis is dedicated to research on relations, which are having place during the process of execution and protection of the personal and property rights of parents and children. The main theoretical and methodological grounds of execution of the rights of parents and children are defined. The general theoretical issues and principles of execution and protection of the rights of parents and children are developed; the activity concept of execution and protection of the rights of parents and children is proved. The periods of the evolution of the Ukrainian legislation on the rights and obligations of parents and children are determined. It is defined the term of “parental rights” and its legal nature; it is specified the “sekundarnye” parental rights for the purpose of consideration of special features of execution and protection of the rights. The grounds for appearing of parental rights and rights of the children are analyzed, and it is proved that a difficult factual composition consisting of three jural facts (birth of the child, determination of the descent from mother and father, state registration of the descent of the child) is considered to be the general ground for appearing of rights and obligations of the mother, father and the child. Some amendments to the family legislation of Ukraine are recommended in order to develop the procedure of determination of the descent of the child and to protect the family rights of the mother, father and the child connected with the application of assisted reproductive technologies. The rights of parents and children are classified broadly and it is proved the extraction of parental right privilege. It is proved that execution of the personal and property rights of parents and children as a process of realization of the juridical competence, being the content of family rights, includes elements which constitute a mechanism of execution of the personal and property rights of parents and children, which subsidiary stage is protection of the rights of parents and children. Some elements of the mechanism of execution of the rights of parents and children are discovered, in particular jural facts as grounds for appearing of the rights of parents and children, subjective rights of the mother, father and the child, forms of execution, methods of execution, subjects of execution, principles of execution, limits of execution of the rights of the mother, father and the child. The doctrine of understanding of the main juridical categories and terms of mechanism of execution and protection of the personal and property rights of parents and children is developed. The problem of abuse of the right is discovered and it is proved that abuse of the mother’s, father’s rights or rights of the child is consider to be the execution of such rights with the violation of limits and principles of its execution. The theoretical and practical problems of execution of the personal and property rights of parents and children are discovered, some propositions of their removal are made. The content of the personal and property rights of parents and children is defined and special features of its execution are examined, in particular, rights of parents and children to contact, right of the child to free expression of its opinion and view on all issues affecting the child, right of the child to be kept by parents. Some recommendations on the development of the legislation are worked out in order to ensure the execution of right to change surname of the child, right to represent juvenile child etc. Issues of the development of organizational and juridical forms of the protection of the rights of parents and children, implementation of the mediation procedure of solving the family disputes of parents and children are proved. Issues of judicial, administrative, notary forms of protection of the rights of parents and children are specified, inter alia, special features of judicial form of the protection of the mother’s, father’s rights and rights of the child at national and international levels are defined pursuant to the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, it is recommended to increase the competence of the guardian bodies in the field of the protection of the rights and interests of parents and children. It is proved the admissibility of the self-defense of the family rights and interests and methods of the self-defense of the rights of parents and children are determined. The main methods of the protection of personal and property rights of parents and children are settled. Classification of the above mentioned rights is developed. Criteria of the classification of rights are specified. The problem issues of the practical application of some methods of the defense of the personal and property rights of parents and children are discovered, inter alia, recognition of paternity (maternity), taking the child from46 parents without deprivation of parental rights, collection of penalties for breaking terms of making the alimony’s payments. Some recommendations on the development of the family legislation of Ukraine in the sphere of parental and children’s rights protection are worked out in the scope of unification and harmonization of the family legislation of Ukraine with relevant norms of international law. It is proposed to broad the legal list of methods of the protection of family rights and interests with such methods as the limitation of parental rights and the suspension of parental rights.
Диссертация посвящена исследованию отношений, возникающих в процессе осуществления и защиты личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей. Определены основные теоретико-методологические начала осуществления и защиты прав родителей и детей. Разработаны общетеоретические положения и принципы осуществления и защиты прав родителей и детей, обоснована деятельностная концепция осуществления и защиты личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей. Определены понятие «родительские права», их правовая природа для установления особенностей их осуществления и защиты. Обосновано, что осуществление личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей как процесс реализации правомочностей, составляющих содержание семейных прав, включает совокупность элементов, которые составляют механизм осуществления личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей, факультативной стадией которого является защита прав родителей и детей. Исследованы такие элементы механизма осуществления прав родителей и детей, как юридические факты, основания возникновения прав родителей и детей, субъективные права матери, отца и ребенка, формы осуществления, способы осуществления, субъекты осуществления, принципы осуществления, пределы осуществления прав матери, отца и ребенка. Разработано доктринальное толкование основных правовых категорий и понятий механизма осуществления и защиты личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей. Выявлены теоретические и практические проблемы осуществления и защиты прав родителей и детей, предложены пути их устранения. Определено содержание личных и имущественных прав родителей и детей и рассмотрены особенности их осуществления. Обоснованы положения относительно развития организационноправовых форм защиты прав родителей и детей, установлены основные способы их защиты и разработаны предложения по совершенствованию семейного законодательства Украины в этой сфере с учетом процессов унификации и гармонизации семейного законодательства Украины с соответствующими нормами международного права.
Laranjeira, Rodrigo de Almeida. "Le gouvernement d’entreprise en droit européen et brésilien comparé." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17596.
Corporate governance has undergone a radical change in Europe since the 1990s. Change has now consolidated and is part of the company law. Brazilian law has always been inspired by European legislation. Our study asks, from a comparative perspective, if the Brazilian corporate law relates to the European corporate governance. In Europe, we focus on German law, English law, French law and Community law. Our analysis goes beyond the heart of corporate governance and includes parts of capital markets law and environmental law, because they obviously also have a connection with corporate governance and company law. The understanding of the core of corporate governance, which is the organization of administrative bodies of the listed company on a regulated market, depends on the analysis of the legal treatment of incidental subjects, but related, as the regime of liability.
Djäken, Johan. "Doing Good While Being Good : A study of the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility and the Swedish Companies Act." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-306630.
Den här examensuppsatsen utforskar förhållandet mellan några av aktiebolagslagens regler och det engagemang som bolag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm uppvisar i frågor rörande Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Ämnet kan sägas vara särskilt relevant då såväl det samtida näringslivet som lagstiftaren tycks präglas av en ökad medvetenhet kring CSR-frågor. Den ökade medvetenheten i näringslivet förefaller alltmer inverka på affärsbeslut, ett faktum som inte minst avspeglas i de svenska bolagens topplaceringar i globala index som mäter bolags arbete med hållbarhetsfrågor. Samtidigt speglas lagstiftarens ökade medvetenhet av allt fler svenska som europeiska regulatoriska initiativ på området och vars yttersta syfte är att uppmuntra och stimulera hållbara företag som inte pådyvlar samhället oacceptabla sociala kostnader. Det är således inte särskilt anmärkningsvärt att bolagen, i synnerhet de med intressen anknutna till konsumentmarknaderna, tycks erkänna vikten av att bygga och underhålla långsiktiga relationer med en vidare krets av intressenter än deras aktieägare. Det är min förhoppning att den här uppsatsen kommer att bidra till den ständigt växande del av den aktiebolagsrättsliga diskursen som diskuterar till vilken grad bolag, utan att handla i strid med ABL:s bestämmelser, kan företa åtgärder kopplade till CSR. Eftersom jag inledningsvis anför att bolagen på Nasdaq Stockholm tycks ägna sig allt mer åt CSR diskuterar också uppsatsen om några av ABL:s bestämmelser bör förändras för att bättre hantera dessa företags allt större engagemang i CSR-frågor. Sammanfattningsvis argumenterar jag för att nuvarande företagsekonomisk forskning kring CSR tillsammans med de aktuella bestämmelsernas juridiska innebörd innebär att såväl bolagsstyrelser som verkställande direktörer kan företa i princip vilken investering relaterad till CSR som helst. Aktieägare är i praktiken hänvisade till att söka åstadkomma långsiktigt lönsamma satsningar på hållbarhet genom sanktioner ex post, exempelvis genom att sälja sina aktier eller rösta bort styrelsen. Detta innebär å ena sidan i praktiken, med tanke på att nuvarande företagsekonomisk forskning kring CSR:s inverkan på bolags vinster är tvetydig, att de relevanta bestämmelserna i ABL såsom de nu är utformade utgör en trygg hamn även för många av de transaktioner relaterade till CSR som är direkt värdeförstörande. Å andra sidan argumenterar jag i uppsatsen för att problemet med överinvesteringar i CSR inte nödvändigtvis behöver vara särskilt utbrett då bolagen och deras bolagsstyrning allt mer kommit att präglas av kortsiktiga investeringsperspektiv.
Mallangi, Siva Sai Reddy. "Low-Power Policies Based on DVFS for the MUSEIC v2 System-on-Chip." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229443.
Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.
CHEN, HUNG-YEN, and 陳虹吟. "Research on the Contract Execution Management of Meter Reading Outsourcing of Taiwan Power Company Limited." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2dq6wj.
國立臺北大學
公共行政暨政策學系碩士在職專班
106
Taiwan Power Company Limited (hereinafter referred to as TPC) refers to the government business organ that administrates electric power and is subordinate to the Ministry of Economic Affairs. It undertakes the obligation of supplying the national electric power, with the maximum revenue source from the income of electricity charge. Meter reading business is the basis for the valuation between TPC and users. Its quality is distinctly important to the income of TPC from electricity charge and the service image. According to the theory of business outsourcing of public sectors, the contract execution of meter reading outsourcing is discussed thoroughly in the research. After referring to relevant theories and literature, the author conducts the research that takes the two aspects of “contract specification” and “management execution” as the framework of analysis and discussion. Besides, the current situation of meter reading outsourcing of TPC has been collected, and a semi-structural depth interview has been conducted on staffs and contractors of TPC. The contract specification shows: 1. The contract about meter reading outsourcing has unified version and rigorous supervision terms, but the definitions of some terms are too generalized, and the unfair or inappropriate terms exist. 2. It’s difficult to use the way to award bid of the lowest bid in heterogeneous procurement to select high quality manufacturers. 3. The low pay provided by the contractor will influence the meter readers’ will of retaining the post and the meter reading quality. 4. Manufacturers with acceptance of the bid have little changes, so it’s hard for new manufacturers to enter the market; the summary of management execution shows: 1. The meter reading outsourcing has existed for many years. Relevant personnel lack the practical experience in the foundation work and fail to have the ability to meet and deal with emergencies. 2. The discretionary power of contract execution differs. 3. The auxiliary management system of supervisory mechanism is slow to cope with an emergency, lacking of manpower execution. 4. The subsequent processing and contact is insufficient after the electricity utilization on site is abnormal. 5. Reasonable electricity tariff structure, energy policy and economic development direction can be determined through collecting electricity consumption data and big data analysis. 6. The layout and construction of AMI will cost tremendously. The maintenance of AMI project shall cover the meter reading supplement for users with communication failure to effectively improve the communication success rate. Last, the specific suggestions of the research are proposed as reference for the contract execution management in future outsourcing.
-MIN, CHIH, and 王志民. "The Limits between the Rights of Police Raid and Judicial Forcible Execution." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33610544603404964495.
LIAO, CHIH-YI, and 廖之儀. "A Study on the Supervisory Power of None-Executive-Business Shareholders in Limited Company." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53smbz.
東吳大學
法律學系
106
Pursuant to Articles 48 and 109 of the Taiwan Company Act, shareholders of a limited company who do not conduct company business, may request shareholders who conduct company business to furnish information on the business condition, assets, documents, books, and statements of the company. This is known as exercising the Power of Audit for shareholders who do not conduct business (PoAs). This article explores the PoAs and examines the issues that arise, such as damages to the company or shareholders caused by director’s misconduct, when a PoAs is exercised. In the US, issues discovered by exercising PoAs may be remediated either through representative litigation, direct action, or a forced dissolution of the company. In contrast in Taiwan, shareholders who do not conduct business may choose to renounce their shareholder status or to seek remediation. However, neither solution provides a thorough exit strategy nor complete remedy. This article recommends well-rounded exit strategies and remediations for Shareholders who do not conduct business in limited companies. Small and medium enterprises play an integral part of Taiwan’s economy, and this article intends to provide further assistance to the limited companies than they had before.
You, Pei-fang, and 游佩芳. "Picking-off Risk, Non-execution Risk and Order Aggressiveness of Limit Orders." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89180756028625787005.
國立中山大學
財務管理學系研究所
102
This study investigates the relationship between non-execution risk, picking-off risk and order aggressiveness. We use order-level data and display data from the Taiwan Stock Exchange to classify the order aggressiveness of each order. We construct the measurement of non-execution risk and, picking-off risk. We define total risk as non-execution risk plus picking-off risk. Our main findings are as follows. (1) The more aggressive the order, the higher the filled rate and the shorter the execution time. (2) When investors want to trade using sell orders, the more aggressive the price, the lower the total risk. (3) Under sufficient liquidity and low volatility market conditions, the lower the aggressive price, the lower the total risk when investors want to trade using buy orders. (4) There exists a tradeoff relationship between non-execution risk and picking-off risk. (5) The main risk affecting total risk of more aggressive orders is picking-off risk. On the other hand, (6) the main risk affecting total risk of less aggressive orders is non-execution risk.
Pereira, Sónia Ribeiro. "A efetivação da responsabilidade patrimonial na execução para pagamento de quantia certa e seus limites." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28447.
Thulare, Phineas. "The limits of judicial review of executive action The South African perspective." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53194.
Seaworth, Angela D. "Limited leadership: an examination of Houston nonprofit board diversity and whether selection processes and executive director perceptions of governance models affect composition." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/10470.
Nonprofit governing board diversity recently gained attention from scholars, and the changing demographics of the United States' population create urgency around understanding how to diversify nonprofit boards. This study examined nonprofit board diversity in the largest majority-minority city in the United States -- Houston, Texas -- which was also declared the most diverse city in the country in the 2010 Census. GuideStar was used to identify nonprofit organizations in the Houston metropolitan area with annual revenue of $250,000+ and were contactable. 712 executive directors were surveyed electronically; there was a 26% response rate yielding responses from 185 nonprofit organizations. The survey was designed in three sections to study board composition, board processes and whether or not the executive director's perception of the governance model would influence the diversity ratio on an organization's board, and the analyses correspond with those three sections. The study found Houston's nonprofit boards are 9% more diverse than the national average and that Caucasians continue to be overrepresented in governing roles. Other composition findings were that the diversity ratio for board members under 35 years old is beginning to mirror the Houston population and that there was statistical significance between board members being 65 years+ and a lower diversity ratio on the board; however, there was no evidence that suggested nonprofit boards are more diverse in diverse communities. The study identified a gender gap in executive committee service, with a mode of one female serving on these committees despite that fact women make up 46% of all nonprofit board members. No relationship was found between diversity ratios and board procedures or the executive director's perception of the organization's governance model. Other findings were that Houston boards use executive committees at twice the rate of the national average, and that there is direct contradiction between the perceived value of diversity and what characteristics are considered important when recruiting board members. This study ruled out simple solutions for increasing board diversity through board procedures, and it identified areas for future research regarding governance models, the alignment of recruiting characteristics with board diversity and gender equality in leadership.
Chatterjee, Devlina. "Studies On Some Aspects Of Liquidity Of Stocks : Limit Order Executions In The Indian Stock Market." Thesis, 2010. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1761.
Chatterjee, Devlina. "Studies On Some Aspects Of Liquidity Of Stocks : Limit Order Executions In The Indian Stock Market." Thesis, 2010. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1761.
Fuchs, Maria Magdalena. "Oproepingsproses van verbande op onroerende sake in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg = Foreclosure of mortgage bonds over immovable property under South African law." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13179.
In hierdie verhandeling ontleed ek die oproeping van ʼn verband op ʼn onroerende saak in die Suid-Afrikaanse reg. Indien ʼn verbandskuldenaar wanpresteer, kan die verbandskuldeiser sy beperkte saaklike reg afdwing deur die verband op te roep ten einde die uitstaande skuld te delg. Om dit te bereik, word die sekerheidsobjek op ʼn eksekusieverkoping te gelde gemaak, nadat die regte prosedure gevolg is. Die oproepingsproses is in die laaste dekade ingrypend verander, grotendeels as gevolg van artikel 26 van die Grondwet, 1996, en artikels 129 en 130 van die National Credit Act 34 van 2005. Die volgende stadiums in die oproepingsproses word onderskei: die voorverhoorprosedure; jurisdiksiebepaling; die hofprosedure; beslaglegging en die eksekusieverkoping. Wetgewing en regspraak het onlangs ingrypende veranderings ten aansien van die voorverhoorprosedure en die hofprosedure teweeggebring. Alhoewel die oproepingsproses tans bevredigend deur wetgewing en in die regspraak gereël word, is daar nog verontrustende aspekte van eksekusieverkopings wat die wetgewer se aandag verdien.
In this dissertation I analyse the calling up of a mortgage bond over immovable property under South-African law. If a mortgagor defaults, the mortgagee can enforce his limited real right by calling up the mortgage bond to satisfy the outstanding debt. To accomplish this, the secured property will be sold at an execution sale, after the correct procedure has been followed. Over the past decade, foreclosure proceedings have undergone significant changes, largely owing to section 26 of the Constitution, 1996, and sections 129 and 130 of the National Credit Act 34 of 2005. The following stages in the foreclosure process are identified: pre-trial debt enforcement procedure; determination of jurisdiction; court procedure; attachment and execution sale. Both the pre-trial debt enforcement procedure and the court procedure have recently been substantially amended by legislation and case law. Although legislation and case law currently regulate the foreclosure process satisfactorily, some disturbing aspects of execution sales remain and these deserve the legislator’s attention.
Private Law
LL.M.
Karbach, Julia [Verfasser]. "Potential and limits of executive control training : age differences in the near and far transfer of task-switching training / vorgelegt von Julia Karbach." 2008. http://d-nb.info/996156526/34.
Splavcová, Kateřina. "Volba a odvolání jednatele společnosti s ručením omezeným." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372641.
Grotino, Frédéric. "La rémunération des hauts dirigeants en droit des sociétés par actions : le rôle et les limites du droit." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22568.
Duarte, Margarida Maria Costa Pinto. "A delegação de poderes no conselho de administração." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/18430.
In the mid-twentieth century, as corporations became increasingly present and prominent in the commercial legal framework, it was deemed inevitable to separate the company's ownership from its control in order to achieve greater professionalism and efficiency in corporate management. In the Portuguese legal system, the management board is the executive body in charge of the management and representation of the Portuguese companies limited by shares (“sociedades anónimas”). More recently, new and tighter demands of speed and efficiency in the operation of the management board, which includes several members, favoured the use of other legal instruments that could provide for greater flexibility. In the monist model of organization, where companies limited by shares shall have a management board (“conselho de administração”) and a supervisory body (“conselho fiscal”), the instrument of delegation of powers as well as the possibility to also delegate powers on an executive committee gained particular importance. In the delegation of powers proprio sensu the director becomes responsible for specific management subjects or, even, for the day-to-day management of the company, in competition with the management board, which, however, does not lose its competence by virtue of the delegation. The applicable law also adapted the liability regime of the management board in case this instrument, that allows for the decentralization of the management functions, is used, providing special duties of control and supervision for the non-delegated members, since they no longer have an active role in the management of their delegated functions.